CN212400916U - Superconductive electric-electromagnetic hybrid magnetic suspension train - Google Patents
Superconductive electric-electromagnetic hybrid magnetic suspension train Download PDFInfo
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- CN212400916U CN212400916U CN202021806677.1U CN202021806677U CN212400916U CN 212400916 U CN212400916 U CN 212400916U CN 202021806677 U CN202021806677 U CN 202021806677U CN 212400916 U CN212400916 U CN 212400916U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a superconducting electric-electromagnetic hybrid maglev train, which comprises an L-shaped suspension frame and an I-shaped ground track, wherein the upper end of the suspension frame is connected with a train body through an air spring; the suspension frames are arranged on two sides of the ground track, and the suspension frames are arranged in a gap with the ground track; the lower end of the suspension frame is provided with a plurality of superconducting magnets; the upper end and the lower end of the ground track are respectively provided with an 8-shaped upper layer suspension coil and an 8-shaped lower layer suspension coil, the lower end of the suspension frame is provided with an upper layer power generation coil and a lower layer power generation coil, and the upper layer suspension coil and the lower layer suspension coil are electrically connected; and a propelling coil is arranged above the upper suspension coil. The utility model discloses an advantage includes: the magnetic levitation guidance device has the advantages of large operation air gap, self-stability, good levitation guidance dynamic performance, better curve passing capacity, higher superconducting magnet magnetic field utilization rate and lower track construction cost.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a track traffic technical field, concretely relates to superconductive electronic-electromagnetism hybrid magnetic suspension train.
Background
Magnetic levitation is used as a new rail traffic technology, and the gravity of a vehicle body is balanced by means of electromagnetic force between the vehicle body and a rail instead of mechanical contact force, so that contact friction and abrasion can be eliminated fundamentally; the linear motor is adopted for traction drive and power generation and energy supply, so that the problems of adhesion traction limit and bow net current collection restriction in a wheel-rail system can be avoided. This makes magnetic levitation one of the main directions for developing higher speed rail transportation technology.
The electromagnetic suspension makes the vehicle body float above the track by means of the electromagnetic attraction between the vehicle-mounted electromagnet and the magnetic track, and the vehicle body can statically suspend. The suspension technology is characterized in that active control is required to stabilize suspension, and therefore, a suspension air gap is small (8-10 mm), and the requirement on smoothness of a circuit is high.
When the train moves, the magnetic force lines of the vehicle-mounted superconducting magnet cut a track coil (or an induction plate) to generate induction current, the induction current and the induction plate interact to generate magnetic lift force, the magnetic lift force is increased along with the increase of the speed, and after the train reaches a certain speed, the magnetic lift force can balance gravity and the train body floats. However, the existing electric maglev train has high requirement on the magnetic field intensity of the vehicle-mounted superconducting magnet, the magnetic field shielding difficulty is high, and the curve passing capacity of the train is weak.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model provides a not enough to prior art, the utility model provides a have that the running air gap is big, self-stabilization is good, the magnetic field utilization rate is high, dynamic behavior is good, system architecture advantage such as nimble, and promote train curve throughput, reduce the magnetic load of on-vehicle superconducting magnet and reduce the magnetic screen degree of difficulty of superconducting magnet's superconductive electric-electromagnetism mixed maglev train.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the utility model is as follows:
the superconducting electric-electromagnetic hybrid maglev train comprises an L-shaped suspension frame and an I-shaped ground track, wherein the upper end of the suspension frame is connected with a train body through an air spring; the suspension frames are arranged on two sides of the ground track, and the suspension frames are arranged in a gap with the ground track; the lower end of the suspension frame is provided with a power generation coil and a plurality of superconducting magnets; the upper end and the lower end of the ground track are respectively provided with an 8-shaped upper layer suspension coil and an 8-shaped lower layer suspension coil, and a propelling coil is arranged in the ground track.
The utility model has the advantages that:
the train has a great running air gap and excellent self-stability performance. The utility model discloses a superconducting magnet adopts cross connection's zero magnetic flux coil as suspension coil as on-vehicle magnet, consequently the train has the characteristics that the running air gap is big, self-stabilization is good. In addition, the ferromagnetism shielding material who sets up in the ground track and propulsion coil's magnetic skeleton can attract superconducting magnet, further promotes the suspension power, guiding force and the propulsive force of train, consequently the utility model discloses superconductive electronic-electromagnetism mixed maglev train has very big operation air gap and fabulous self-stabilization ability.
The train has higher utilization rate of the magnetic field of the superconducting magnet. Zero-flux suspension coils are uniformly arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the superconducting magnet, in the running process of a train, magnetic fields on the upper side and the lower side of the superconducting magnet generate induced current in the suspension coils, the current and the superconducting magnet interact to generate electromagnetic force, and larger suspension force and guiding force are provided for the train.
The train has excellent dynamic performance. Because the superconducting magnet, the suspension coil and the propulsion coil have geometric symmetry, under any operation condition, the electromagnetic forces generated by the superconducting magnets on the left side and the right side of the train are equal in magnitude and same in direction, so that the risk of yawing and rolling of the train does not exist.
The train has excellent curve passing capacity and flexible system structure. Because the superconducting magnet and the suspension coil are both positioned at the lower part of the vehicle body, the transverse offset constraint is removed, and a larger transverse offset can be allowed when a curve passes through; just the utility model discloses a transverse force is bigger, and centripetal force is more sufficient, the utility model discloses effectively reduced the transverse length of rail system cross section, the nimble design of the circuit structure of being convenient for especially reduces the tunnel section.
The superconducting magnet has low magnetic load requirement and small magnetic shielding difficulty. Because the superconducting magnets are continuously arranged along the length direction of the train, the size of the superconducting magnets is reduced, the number of the superconducting magnets is increased, and the maximum value of the magnetic field of the magnet is reduced, so that the engineering current density of the superconducting magnets is improved, the superconductivity of materials can be better exerted, and the magnetic shielding difficulty of the superconducting magnets is reduced.
The installation strength of the superconducting magnet and the suspension coil is low. The superconducting magnet size reduces, and the magnetomotive force reduces, and the appeal between the superconducting magnet diminishes, consequently the utility model discloses the installation intensity requirement of superconducting magnet in the low temperature container reduces. When the train does not transversely deviate, no transverse force acts between the superconducting magnet and the suspension coil, so that the installation strength requirement of the suspension coil in a ground track is reduced.
The exciting current of the propulsion coil is small, and the magnetic field is strong. The propulsion coil framework adopts a silicon steel sheet structure, so that the magnetic field of the propulsion coil can be effectively enhanced, and the exciting current of the propulsion coil is reduced.
The train is very suitable for overhead construction. When the train normally runs, the suspension coil and the propulsion coil are only acted by the electromagnetic force in the vertical direction, so that the requirement of the train on the transverse strength of the bridge is low.
Compared with the magnetic suspension train in the prior art, the magnetic suspension train has the remarkable advantages of larger running air gap, better self-stability, higher magnetic field utilization rate, excellent dynamic performance, flexible system structure and the like; in addition, the train also has the advantages of better curve passing capacity, lower installation strength requirement, smaller magnetic shielding difficulty and the like. Therefore, the utility model discloses superconductive electronic-electromagnetism hybrid magnetic levitation train has very big application prospect in future hypervelocity magnetic levitation track traffic.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a superconducting electric-electromagnetic hybrid maglev train.
Fig. 2 is a schematic plan view of the superconducting magnet along the length direction of the train.
Figure 3 is a side view of the propulsion coil along the length of the train.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of low-speed operation of the train.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of train levitation.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the suspension and guidance of a train.
The superconducting magnet comprises a superconducting magnet 1, a superconducting magnet 2, an upper layer suspension coil 3, a cross connecting wire 4, a lower layer suspension coil 5, a propelling coil 6, an upper layer power generation coil 7, a lower layer power generation coil 8, a low-temperature container 9, a heat conducting metal plate 10, a cold head 11, an auxiliary supporting wheel 12, an auxiliary guide wheel 13, an air spring 14, a ferromagnetic shielding material 15, a suspension frame 16, a ground track 17, a vehicle body 18, a magnetic framework 2(a), a left ring of the upper layer suspension coil 2(b), a right ring of the upper layer suspension coil 4(a), a left ring of the lower layer suspension coil 4(b) and a right ring of the lower layer suspension coil.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and various changes may be made apparent to those skilled in the art within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and defined by the appended claims.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the superconducting electric-electromagnetic hybrid maglev train of the present scheme includes an "L" -shaped suspension frame 15 and an "i" -shaped ground track 16, wherein the upper end of the suspension frame 15 is connected with a train body 17 through an air spring 13; the suspension frames 15 are arranged on two sides of the ground track 16, and a gap is formed between the suspension frames 15 and the ground track 16; the lower end of the suspension frame 15 is provided with a plurality of superconducting magnets 1; the upper and lower ends of the ground track 16 are respectively provided with an upper suspension coil 2 and a lower suspension coil 4, and the upper and lower surfaces of the lower end of the suspension frame 15 are provided with an upper generation coil 6 and a lower generation coil 7.
The superconducting magnet 1 is arranged between an upper-layer generating coil 6 and a lower-layer generating coil 7, the upper-layer generating coil 6 and an upper-layer suspension coil 2 as well as the lower-layer generating coil 7 and a lower-layer suspension coil 4 are distributed oppositely, the upper-layer suspension coil 2 and the lower-layer suspension coil 4 are electrically connected, and a propelling coil 5 is arranged above the upper-layer suspension coil 2.
The upper layer generating coil 6 and the lower layer generating coil 7 are composed of a left ring and a right ring which are the same in size, and left and right symmetrical planes of the upper layer generating coil 6 and the lower layer generating coil 7 are overlapped with left and right symmetrical planes of the superconducting magnet 1.
The upper suspension coil 2 and the lower suspension coil 4 are tightly attached to the surface of the ground track 16, and the upper power generation coil 6 and the lower power generation coil 7 are tightly attached to the surface of the lower end of the suspension frame 15.
In the scheme, the sizes of the upper-layer generating coil 6 and the lower-layer generating coil 7 are the same, and the left-right symmetrical planes of the upper-layer generating coil 6 and the lower-layer generating coil 7 are superposed with the left-right symmetrical plane of the superconducting magnet 1. The upper suspension coil 2 is formed by connecting a left ring 2(a) and a right ring 2(b) in series, the lower suspension coil 4 is formed by connecting a left ring 4(a) and a right ring 4(b) in series, the upper suspension coil 2 and the lower suspension coil 4 are both in an 8 shape, the upper suspension coil 2 and the lower suspension coil 4 have the same number of turns, the upper suspension coil 2 and the lower suspension coil 4 are electrically connected through a cross connection line 3, the bilateral symmetry plane of the upper suspension coil 2 and the lower suspension coil 4 coincides with the bilateral symmetry plane of the superconducting magnet 1, and the superconducting magnets 1 are continuously arranged along the length direction of the train. The bilateral symmetry plane of the propulsion coil 5 coincides with the bilateral symmetry plane of the superconducting magnet 1. The upper and lower symmetric planes of the superconducting magnet 1 are offset downwards by a certain distance relative to the upper and lower symmetric planes of the upper suspension coil 2 and the lower suspension coil 4, so that the mutual inductance between the superconducting magnet 1 and the upper suspension coil 2 is equal to the mutual inductance between the superconducting magnet 1 and the lower suspension coil 4.
The upper end and the lower end of the superconducting magnet 1 are both provided with a heat conducting metal plate 9, the heat conducting metal plate 9 and the superconducting magnet 1 are arranged in a low-temperature container 8, and the heat conducting metal plate 9 is connected with a cold head 10 of the refrigerator.
The superconducting magnets 1 are arranged in the low-temperature containers 8, the low-temperature containers 8 are continuously arranged along the length direction of the train, and 4 superconducting magnets 1 are arranged in each low-temperature container 8; the cooling mode of the superconducting magnet 1 is conduction cooling of a refrigerator, metal plates 9 with good heat conductivity and high mechanical strength are arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the superconducting magnet 1, cold heads 10 of the refrigerator are connected to two ends of each metal plate 9, and the cold energy of the refrigerator is conducted from two ends of each metal plate 9 to the middle of the corresponding metal plate.
The propulsion coil 5 is arranged above the upper suspension coil 2, and the propulsion coil 5 is wound on a magnetic framework 18 formed by silicon steel sheets. The propulsion coil 5 is arranged below the lower suspension coil 4, and the propulsion coil 5 is wound on the nonmagnetic framework. The propulsion coil 5 is wound on the magnetic framework 18, the magnetic framework 18 adopts a silicon steel sheet structure, and the silicon steel sheet has the function of enhancing the magnetic field of the propulsion coil, and simultaneously attracts the superconducting magnet 1, so that the suspension and guiding capacity of the train is improved, and the function of shielding the magnetic field can be achieved.
The left and right loops of the generating coils 6 and 7 are the same in size, and during the running process of the train, the magnetic fields generated by the suspension coils 2 and 4 and the propulsion coil 5 act on the generating coils 6 and 7, alternating currents are induced in the generating coils 6 and 7, and the alternating currents are rectified and then supplied to vehicle-mounted equipment.
A ferromagnetic shielding material 14 is arranged in the ground track 16, and the ferromagnetic shielding material 14 is formed by stacking a plurality of layers of silicon steel sheets.
The ferromagnetic shielding material 14 is a stacked structure of multiple layers of silicon steel sheets, and the weak magnetic field inside the silicon steel sheets is hollowed out to reduce the amount of the shielding material. The ferromagnetic shielding material 14 shields the magnetic field of the superconducting magnet 1, the levitation coils 2 and 4 and the propulsion coil 5, and meanwhile, the ferromagnetic shielding material 14 attracts the superconducting magnet 1, so that the levitation and guidance capabilities of the train are improved. The suspension frame 15 is made of an aluminum alloy material with high strength, light weight and no magnetism.
The train has a great running air gap and excellent self-stability performance. The zero magnetic flux suspension coils 2 and 4 are connected in a cross mode through the cross connection line 3, so that the train has the advantages of being large in running air gap and good in self-stability. In addition, the ferromagnetic shielding material 14 and the magnetic skeleton 18 of the propulsion coil 5 arranged in the ground track 16 attract the superconducting magnet 1, so that the levitation force, the guiding force and the propulsion force of the train are further improved, and the train has a great running air gap and excellent self-stability performance.
The train has higher utilization rate of the magnetic field of the superconducting magnet. Zero-flux suspension coils 2 and 4 are uniformly arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the superconducting magnet 1, in the running process of a train, induced currents are generated in the suspension coils 2 and 4 by magnetic fields on the upper side and the lower side of the superconducting magnet 1, the currents interact with the superconducting magnet 1 to generate electromagnetic force, and larger suspension force and guiding force are provided for the train.
The train has excellent dynamic performance. Because the superconducting magnet 1, the suspension coils 2 and 4 and the propulsion coil 5 have geometric symmetry, under any operation condition, the electromagnetic forces generated by the superconducting magnet 1 on the left side and the right side of the train are equal in magnitude and same in direction, so that the risk of yawing and rolling of the train does not exist.
The train has excellent curve passing capacity and flexible system structure. Because the superconducting magnet 1 and the suspension coils 2 and 4 are both positioned at the lower part of the vehicle body, the transverse offset constraint is removed, and a larger transverse offset can be allowed when a curve passes through; and the train has larger transverse force and more sufficient centripetal force, thereby effectively reducing the transverse length of the cross section of the track system, being convenient for the flexible design of a line structure, and particularly reducing the section of a tunnel.
The superconducting magnet 1 has low magnetic load requirement and small magnetic shielding difficulty. As the superconducting magnets 1 are continuously arranged along the length direction of the train, the size is reduced, the number is increased, and the maximum value of the magnetic field of the magnet is reduced, so that the engineering current density of the superconducting magnets 1 is improved, the superconductivity of materials can be better exerted, and the magnetic shielding difficulty of the superconducting magnets 1 is reduced.
The mounting strength of the superconducting magnet 1 and the suspension coils 2 and 4 is low. The superconducting magnet 1 is reduced in size, the magnetomotive force is reduced, and the attractive force between the superconducting magnets 1 is reduced, so that the mounting strength of the superconducting magnet 1 in the cryogenic vessel 8 is required to be reduced. When the train does not shift laterally, no lateral force acts between the superconducting magnet 1 and the levitation coils 2 and 4, and therefore, the installation strength of the levitation coils 2 and 4 in the ground track 16 is required to be reduced.
The exciting current of the propulsion coil 5 is small and the magnetic field is strong. The magnetic framework 18 of the propulsion coil 5 adopts a silicon steel sheet structure, so that the magnetic field of the propulsion coil can be effectively enhanced, and the exciting current of the propulsion coil is reduced.
The train is very suitable for overhead construction. When the train normally runs, the suspension coils 2 and 4 and the propulsion coil 5 are only acted by vertical electromagnetic force, so that the train has low requirement on the transverse strength of the bridge.
Fig. 4 to 6 explain the principle of suspension and guidance of the train, in which the magnetic pole direction of the superconducting magnet 1 on the left side of the train is vertically upward, and the magnetic pole direction of the superconducting magnet 1 on the right side of the train is vertically downward.
The suspension frame 15 is provided with an auxiliary guide wheel 12 and an auxiliary support wheel 11, the auxiliary guide wheel 12 is arranged opposite to the side surface of the ground track 16, and the auxiliary support wheel 11 is arranged opposite to the upper surface of the lower end of the ground track 16. The upper and lower symmetric planes of the superconducting magnet 1 are offset downwards by a certain distance relative to the upper and lower symmetric planes of the upper suspension coil 2 and the lower suspension coil 4, so that the mutual inductance between the superconducting magnet 1 and the upper suspension coil 2 is equal to the mutual inductance between the superconducting magnet 1 and the lower suspension coil 4.
When the train is static or runs at a low speed, the train is supported by the auxiliary supporting wheels 11 and guided by the auxiliary guide wheels 12, and no induced current is generated in the suspension coils 2 and 4; after the floating speed is reached, the auxiliary wheels 11 and 12 are retracted by the train, the suspension frame 15 deflects downwards, currents are induced in the suspension coils 2 and 4, the currents interact with the magnetic field of the superconducting magnet 1 to generate suspension force, and the gravity of the train is balanced. When the train is transversely deviated, larger current is induced in the suspension coils 2 and 4, the current interacts with the magnetic field of the superconducting magnet 1 to generate suspension force and guiding force, the gravity of the train is balanced, and the train is restored to a balanced position.
The suspension guiding principle of the train is explained in detail as follows, taking a left suspension frame of the train as an example:
when the train is at rest or runs at a low speed, the train is supported by the auxiliary supporting wheels 11 and guided by the auxiliary guide wheels 12, the mutual inductance between the superconducting magnet 1 and the upper suspension coil 2 and the lower suspension coil 4 is equal, and at the moment, the following four conditions exist:
(1) the magnetic fluxes generated by the superconducting magnet 1 in the left ring 2(a) and the right ring 2(b) of the suspension coil 2 are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, so that the net magnetic flux of the suspension coil 2 is zero;
(2) the magnetic fluxes generated by the superconducting magnet 1 in the left ring 4(a) and the right ring 4(b) of the levitation coil 4 are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, so that the net magnetic flux of the levitation coil 4 is zero;
(3) the magnetic fluxes generated by the superconducting magnet 1 in the left ring 2(a) of the levitation coil 2 and the left ring 4(a) of the levitation coil 4 are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, so that the net magnetic fluxes of the left ring 2(a) of the levitation coil 2 and the left ring 4(a) of the levitation coil 4 are zero;
(4) the magnetic fluxes generated in the right ring 2(b) of the levitation coil 2 and the right ring 4(b) of the levitation coil 4 by the superconducting magnet 1 are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, so that the net magnetic fluxes of the right ring 2(b) of the levitation coil 2 and the right ring 4(b) of the levitation coil 4 are zero.
In summary, no induced current is generated in the levitation coils 2 and 4, and thus no force acts between the superconducting magnet 1 and the levitation coils 2 and 4. There is a constant attractive force vertically upwards between the superconducting magnet 1 and the magnetic former 18 and ferromagnetic shielding material 14. Thus, vehicle body 17 is subjected to a constant suspension force provided by suspension 15.
After the train reaches the floating speed, the train deflects downwards, mutual inductance between the superconducting magnet 1 and the upper suspension coil 2 and the lower suspension coil 4 is unequal, and the mutual inductance between the superconducting magnet 1 and the upper suspension coil 2 is smaller than the mutual inductance between the superconducting magnet 1 and the lower suspension coil 4, at the moment, the following four conditions exist:
(1) the magnetic fluxes generated by the superconducting magnet 1 in the left ring 2(a) and the right ring 2(b) of the suspension coil 2 are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, so that the net magnetic flux of the suspension coil 2 is zero;
(2) the magnetic fluxes generated by the superconducting magnet 1 in the left ring 4(a) and the right ring 4(b) of the levitation coil 4 are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, so that the net magnetic flux of the levitation coil 4 is zero;
(3) the magnetic flux generated by the superconducting magnet 1 in the left ring 2(a) of the levitation coil 2 is smaller than the magnetic flux generated in the left ring 4(a) of the levitation coil 4, so that the net magnetic flux of the left ring 2(a) and the left ring 4(a) is not zero, and an induced current is generated in the left ring 2(a) and the left ring 4(a), so that the magnetic pole direction of the left ring 2(a) is upward and the magnetic pole direction of the left ring 4(a) is downward;
(4) the magnetic flux generated by the superconducting magnet 1 in the right ring 2(b) of the levitation coil 2 is smaller than the magnetic flux generated in the right ring 4(b) of the levitation coil 4, so that the net magnetic flux of the right ring 2(b) and the right ring 4(b) is not zero, and an induced current is generated in the right ring 2(b) and the right ring 4(b), so that the magnetic pole direction of the right ring 2(b) faces upward and the magnetic pole direction of the right ring 4(b) faces downward.
To sum up, after the train deflects downwards, the left ring 2(a) and the right ring 2(b) of the suspension coil 2 attract the superconducting magnet 1 obliquely upwards, so that the superconducting magnet 1 receives an upward attraction force under the action of the suspension coil 2, and the transverse force is zero; the left ring 4(a) and the right ring 4(b) of the suspension coil 4 both obliquely repel the superconducting magnet 1 upwards, so that the superconducting magnet 1 is subjected to an upward repelling force under the action of the suspension coil 4, and the transverse force is zero. Thus, the superconducting magnet 1 is subjected to an upward levitation force by the combined action of the levitation coils 2 and 4, while the transverse force is zero. Furthermore, there is an attractive force vertically upward between the superconducting magnet 1 and the magnetic former 18 and the ferromagnetic shielding material 14. Thus, the vehicle body 17 is subject to the levitation force provided by the levitation chassis 15 to balance the train weight.
After the train deflects downwards, the train laterally deflects leftwards, mutual inductance between the superconducting magnet 1 and the upper suspension coil 2 and the lower suspension coil 4 is unequal, and the mutual inductance between the superconducting magnet 1 and the upper suspension coil 2 is smaller than the mutual inductance between the superconducting magnet 1 and the lower suspension coil 4, at this time, the following four conditions exist:
(1) the superconducting magnet 1 generates a magnetic flux in the left ring 2(a) of the levitation coil 2 which is larger than a magnetic flux generated in the right ring 2(b) of the levitation coil 2, so that the net magnetic flux of the left ring 2(a) and the right ring 2(b) is not zero, and an induced current is generated in the left ring 2(a) and the right ring 2(b) so that the magnetic pole direction of the left ring 2(a) faces downward and the magnetic pole direction of the right ring 2(b) faces upward;
(2) the superconducting magnet 1 generates a magnetic flux in the left ring 4(a) of the levitation coil 4 which is larger than a magnetic flux generated in the right ring 4(b) of the levitation coil 4, so that the net magnetic flux of the left ring 4(a) and the right ring 4(b) is not zero, and an induced current is generated in the left ring 4(a) and the right ring 4(b) so that the magnetic pole direction of the left ring 4(a) is downward and the magnetic pole direction of the right ring 4(b) is upward;
(3) the magnetic flux generated by the superconducting magnet 1 in the left ring 2(a) of the levitation coil 2 is smaller than the magnetic flux generated in the left ring 4(a) of the levitation coil 4, so that the net magnetic flux of the left ring 2(a) and the left ring 4(a) is not zero, and an induced current is generated in the left ring 2(a) and the left ring 4(a), so that the magnetic pole direction of the left ring 2(a) is upward and the magnetic pole direction of the left ring 4(a) is downward;
(4) the magnetic flux generated by the superconducting magnet 1 in the right ring 2(b) of the levitation coil 2 is smaller than the magnetic flux generated in the right ring 4(b) of the levitation coil 4, so that the net magnetic flux of the right ring 2(b) and the right ring 4(b) is not zero, and an induced current is generated in the right ring 2(b) and the right ring 4(b), so that the magnetic pole direction of the right ring 2(b) faces upward and the magnetic pole direction of the right ring 4(b) faces downward.
According to the principle of superposition of magnetic fields, the magnetic fields of the right ring 2(b) and the left ring 4(a) are increased, the magnetic fields of the left ring 2(a) and the right ring 4(b) are decreased, and finally, the magnetic pole of the left ring 2(a) faces downward, the magnetic pole of the right ring 2(b) faces upward, the magnetic pole of the left ring 4(a) faces downward, and the magnetic pole of the right ring 4(b) faces upward.
In summary, the left ring 2(a) of the suspension coil 2 obliquely repels the superconducting magnet 1 downwards, the right ring 2(b) of the suspension coil 2 obliquely attracts the superconducting magnet 1 upwards, and the force with which the right ring 2(b) obliquely attracts the superconducting magnet 1 upwards is greater than the force with which the left ring 2(a) obliquely repels the superconducting magnet 1 downwards, so that the superconducting magnet 1 receives two force components towards the right and upwards under the action of the suspension coil 2; a left ring 4(a) of the suspension coil 4 obliquely repels the superconducting magnet 1 upwards, a right ring 4(b) of the suspension coil 4 obliquely downwards attracts the superconducting magnet 1, and the force of the left ring 4(a) obliquely repelling the superconducting magnet 1 upwards is larger than the force of the right ring 4(b) obliquely downwards attracting the superconducting magnet 1; the superconducting magnet 1 is thus subjected to two force components, rightward and upward, by the levitation coil 4. Therefore, the superconducting magnet 1 is subjected to a rightward guiding force and an upward levitation force by the combined action of the levitation coils 2 and 4. Further, there is an attractive force obliquely upward between the superconducting magnet 1 and the magnetic former 18 and the ferromagnetic shielding material 14, and the attractive force can be decomposed into two force components rightward and upward. Thus, the vehicle body 17 is subjected to the levitation force provided by the levitation chassis 15 to balance the weight of the train, while being subjected to the guiding force provided by the levitation chassis 15 to restore the train to its equilibrium position.
Due to the geometric symmetry of the left and right suspension frames of the train, under any operation condition, the force applied to the right suspension frame of the train is equal to the force applied to the left suspension frame of the train in magnitude and same in direction, so that the train has no risk of yawing and rolling, and has excellent dynamic performance.
Claims (10)
1. A superconducting electric-electromagnetic hybrid magnetic suspension train is characterized by comprising an L-shaped suspension frame (15) and an I-shaped ground track (16), wherein the upper end of the suspension frame (15) is connected with a train body (17) through an air spring (13); the suspension frames (15) are arranged on two sides of the ground track (16), and the suspension frames (15) and the ground track (16) are arranged in a clearance mode; the lower end of the suspension frame (15) is provided with a power generation coil and a plurality of superconducting magnets (1); the upper end and the lower end of the ground track (16) are respectively provided with an 8-shaped upper layer suspension coil (2) and an 8-shaped lower layer suspension coil (4), and a propelling coil (5) is arranged in the ground track (16).
2. A superconducting electric-electromagnetic hybrid magnetic levitation train as claimed in claim 1, wherein the generating coils comprise an upper generating coil (6) and a lower generating coil (7); the superconducting magnet (1) is arranged between an upper layer generating coil (6) and a lower layer generating coil (7), the upper layer generating coil (6) and an upper layer suspension coil (2) and the lower layer generating coil (7) and a lower layer suspension coil (4) are distributed relatively, and the upper layer suspension coil (2) and the lower layer suspension coil (4) are electrically connected through a cross connecting wire (3).
3. A superconducting electric-electromagnetic hybrid magnetic levitation train as claimed in claim 2, wherein the upper layer power generation coil (6) and the lower layer power generation coil (7) are each composed of two left and right rings of the same size, and the left and right symmetry planes of the upper layer power generation coil (6) and the lower layer power generation coil (7) coincide with the left and right symmetry plane of the superconducting magnet (1).
4. A superconducting electric-electromagnetic hybrid maglev train according to claim 2, characterized in that the upper suspension coil (2) and the lower suspension coil (4) are tightly attached to the surface of the ground track (16), and the upper power generation coil (6) and the lower power generation coil (7) are tightly attached to the surface of the lower end of the suspension frame (15).
5. A superconducting electric-electromagnetic hybrid maglev train according to claim 1, characterized in that the propulsion coil (5) is arranged above the upper levitation coil (2), the propulsion coil (5) being wound on a magnetic frame (18) consisting of silicon steel sheets.
6. A superconducting electric-electromagnetic hybrid maglev train according to claim 1, characterized in that the propulsion coil (5) is arranged below the lower levitation coil (4), the propulsion coil (5) being wound on a nonmagnetic frame.
7. A superconducting electric-electromagnetic hybrid maglev train according to claim 1, wherein the upper and lower ends of the superconducting magnet (1) are provided with heat conducting metal plates (9), the heat conducting metal plates (9) and the superconducting magnet (1) are arranged in a cryogenic container (8), and the heat conducting metal plates (9) are connected with a cold head (10) of a refrigerator.
8. A superconducting electric-electromagnetic hybrid magnetic levitation train as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that a ferromagnetic shielding material (14) is arranged inside the ground track (16), the ferromagnetic shielding material (14) being made up of a stack of several layers of silicon steel sheets.
9. A superconducting electric-electromagnetic hybrid magnetic levitation train as claimed in claim 1, wherein the levitation chassis (15) is provided with auxiliary guide wheels (12) and auxiliary support wheels (11), the auxiliary guide wheels (12) being disposed opposite to the side of the ground track (16), the auxiliary support wheels (11) being disposed opposite to the upper surface of the lower end of the ground track (16).
10. A superconducting electric-electromagnetic hybrid magnetic levitation train as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper and lower symmetric planes of the superconducting magnet (1) are offset downward by a distance with respect to the upper and lower symmetric planes of the upper and lower levitation coils (2, 4) such that the mutual inductance between the superconducting magnet (1) and the upper levitation coil (2) is equal to the mutual inductance between the superconducting magnet (1) and the lower levitation coil (4).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202021806677.1U CN212400916U (en) | 2020-08-26 | 2020-08-26 | Superconductive electric-electromagnetic hybrid magnetic suspension train |
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