CN212361972U - Single-boiler body sectional fire tube indirect heating boiler - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a single boiler body subsection fire tube indirect heating boiler, which comprises a boiler shell, wherein one end of the boiler shell is provided with a coal economizer, and one side of the coal economizer is connected with a water inlet pipe; the economizer is connected with the boiler shell through a communicating pipe; and fire tube bundles are distributed on the outer wall and/or the inner cylinder of the boiler shell and the economizer to serve as heating surfaces. The utility model has the advantages of simple structure, convenient manufacturing, maintenance and maintenance can guarantee sufficient heat transfer area again, reduces exhaust gas temperature, and the increasing of heat efficiency realizes the superheated steam production that the integration has not had the heat pipe.

Description

Single-boiler body sectional fire tube indirect heating boiler

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of fire tube boiler technique and specifically relates to a single pot body segmentation firetube indirect heating boiler.

Background

Boilers are devices for producing steam or hot water, and are developed to date, and are commonly in two forms: fire tube boilers and water tube boilers. The fire tube type boiler is characterized in that a smoke tube is arranged in a boiler shell filled with water, smoke generated by fuel combustion flows through the interior of the fire tube, heat is transferred to the fire tube and then transferred to water outside the fire tube, and the fire tube directly transfers heat to boiler water; the water tube boiler leads water out of the boiler barrel, the smoke flows through the outer side of the water tube, and the heat is transferred to the water tube and then to the water in the water tube.

The typical fire tube type boiler generally comprises a boiler shell, a boiler liner, a throat pipe, a front smoke box, a rear smoke box and a fire tube, wherein the fire tube penetrates through a water space in the boiler shell, two sides of the fire tube are respectively communicated with the front smoke box and the rear smoke box, the front smoke box is communicated with a chimney, smoke generated by combustion in the boiler liner enters the rear smoke box through the throat pipe and flows through the fire tube soaked in water to heat water, and the main heating surfaces of the boiler are the boiler liner and the fire tube.

A typical water tube boiler is provided with water tubes (a water-cooled wall and a convection tube bundle) arranged between two drums and between the drums and a header, the water tubes are arranged in a hearth, flue gas generated by fuel combustion in the hearth transfers heat to the water tubes in radiation, convection and other modes, and then transfers the heat to water in the water tubes, and the main heating surface of the boiler is mainly the water tubes.

In the heat transfer process of the typical boiler, heat is transferred from the flue gas to the outer surface of the metal by convection or radiation, and then from the outer surface of the metal to the inner surface by heat conduction, and the inner surface is convected to the boiler water, wherein the heat transfer coefficient from the flue gas to the metal surface is the lowest and is the weak link of heat transfer. In order to meet the requirement of the heat load of the boiler, the number and the length of fire tubes or water tubes are increased to enlarge the heat transfer area of the flue gas, or the temperature difference between the flue gas and the metal surface is increased. The fire tube and the water tube are pressure-bearing parts, so that the complexity and the metal consumption of the equipment can be increased by enlarging the heat transfer area of the flue gas; increasing the temperature difference results in an increase in the exhaust gas temperature, reducing the thermal efficiency. Therefore, it is difficult to improve the design thermal efficiency of a small boiler having a simple structure.

For the fire tube boiler, the joint of the fire tube and the boiler shell is a stress concentration place, the fire tube is easy to crack, the number of the fire tubes is large, the boiler water leakage is easily caused by perforation due to corrosion, overheating and the like, the fire tube boiler is one of the main faults of the fire tube boiler, and the maintenance is difficult after the faults occur.

For a fire tube boiler, the generated steam is saturated steam, if superheated steam is needed, a superheater is required to be additionally arranged on the high-temperature flue gas side, the superheater is generally a tubular heat exchanger, the equipment structure is complex, the superheater tube is easy to leak, and the maintenance is difficult.

In order to increase the evaporation capacity or thermal power of the fire tube boiler, more heating surfaces, i.e. more fire tubes, need to be arranged, and thus, a larger shell diameter and water capacity are needed, which reduces the safety of the boiler and limits the development of large capacity and high parameter of the boiler, resulting in that the fire tube boiler can only adapt to low parameter and small capacity. But the fire tube boiler has low requirements for water quality.

For a water pipe boiler, the joint of a water pipe and a boiler barrel is a stress concentration place, so the boiler is easy to be pulled apart, the water pipe is numerous, the boiler water is easy to leak due to perforation caused by corrosion, overheating and the like, and the boiler water is one of the main faults of the water pipe boiler and is difficult to maintain; in the boiler for producing superheated steam, the superheater tubes are also easy to leak, and the maintenance is difficult.

For a water tube boiler, the heating surface is flexibly arranged, the heat efficiency is high, the water tube boiler is suitable for high-parameter and large-capacity boilers, but the requirement on water quality is also high, and the heat efficiency is reduced due to the fact that dust deposited outside the tube is difficult to clean in the operation process.

For a water pipe boiler, in order to ensure water circulation in a water pipe, the heat load of a water-cooled wall cannot be overlarge, a large-area heating surface is required to be arranged to reduce the exhaust gas temperature, and the manufacturing cost is high because most of the heating area is a pressure-bearing pipeline.

In order to improve the thermal efficiency on the basis of maintaining simple structure, chinese patent 201822207011.3 discloses a vertical steam boiler, wherein a flue gas channel is formed between a water storage chamber and a boiler wall, and the flue gas channel is provided with a plurality of baffles, so as to increase the disturbance and circulation time of flue gas, thereby improving the thermal efficiency of the boiler; chinese patent 201721762386.5 discloses a smokeless vertical boiler, which is characterized in that a flue gas channel is formed between a water tank and a boiler barrel, a C-shaped baffle is transversely arranged on the boiler barrel, and a vertical flue gas baffle is arranged on the water tank, so that the contact time between flue gas and the water tank is prolonged, the contact area is increased, and the purpose of improving efficiency is achieved. The boiler belongs to a tubeless boiler, and has the common characteristic that the heat transfer area is increased through various fins, and the fins with larger areas are increased, so that the structure is complex, the smoke and dust are difficult to clean, or the volume is large, and even the smoke gas flows in a bias way. If the superheated steam is required to be produced, a superheater tube is also required to be arranged, and the structure is more complicated.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model provides a single pot body segmentation firetube indirect heating boiler has simple structure, and the advantage of convenient manufacturing, maintenance and maintenance can guarantee sufficient heat transfer area again, reduces the exhaust gas temperature, and the increasing of heat efficiency realizes the superheated steam production that the integration does not have the heat pipe.

A single boiler body subsection fire tube indirect heating boiler comprises a boiler shell, wherein one end of the boiler shell is provided with an economizer, and one side of the economizer is connected with a water inlet pipe;

the economizer is connected with the boiler shell through a communicating pipe;

and fire tube bundles are distributed on the outer wall and/or the inner cylinder of the boiler shell and the economizer to serve as heating surfaces.

Preferably, the other end of the boiler shell is provided with a combustion chamber, and the combustion chamber is communicated with the fire tube bundle.

Preferably, the fire tube bundle is divided into three sections, namely an evaporation section fire tube bundle, a superheating section fire tube bundle and a preheating section fire tube bundle, wherein the evaporation section fire tube bundle and the superheating section fire tube bundle are arranged on the outer wall and/or the inner cylinder of the boiler shell, and the preheating section fire tube bundle is arranged on the outer wall and/or the inner cylinder of the economizer; an evaporation section outlet smoke chamber and a superheat section outlet smoke chamber are respectively communicated between the evaporation section fire tube bundle and the superheat section fire tube bundle and between the superheat section fire tube bundle and the preheating section fire tube bundle. More preferably, part of the evaporation section fire tube bundles are separated from other evaporation section fire tube bundles by a heat insulation material or made of the heat insulation material and are arranged into heat insulation fire tube bundles, and a superheated steam adjusting device is arranged at the bottom of each heat insulation fire tube bundle and is used for adjusting the amount of flue gas entering the heat insulation fire tube bundles.

Preferably, the top of the fire tube bundle is communicated with a smoke exhaust chamber, and the smoke exhaust chamber is provided with a smoke exhaust port.

Preferably, the top of the pot shell is connected with a steam outlet.

Preferably, the top of the smoke exhaust chamber is provided with a cleaning hole, and an elastic baffle plate is arranged at the cleaning hole and used for shielding the cleaning hole.

Preferably, the fire tube bundle is arranged along the direction of the boiler shell and uniformly distributed on the outer wall and/or the inner cylinder of the boiler shell and the economizer in an annular shape.

Preferably, the fire tubes of the fire tube bundle are cylindrical and/or square and/or triangular.

The single boiler body subsection fire tube indirect heating boiler is characterized in that the fire tube bundle is arranged along the outer wall of the boiler shell and the outer wall of the economizer and/or in the inner cylinder of the boiler shell and the economizer, the fire tube bundle is tightly contacted or fixedly connected with the boiler shell and the economizer or is integrally manufactured to reduce the thermal resistance between the fire tube bundle and the boiler shell and the economizer, smoke generated by fuel combustion flows through the fire tube, heat is transferred to the fire tube bundle, the fire tube bundle is transferred to the boiler shell and the economizer, and the boiler shell and the economizer transfer water to the boiler shell and the economizer.

The utility model has the advantages that:

(1) the fire tube bundle tightly connected with the inner and/or outer part of the boiler shell and the economizer is used as the main heating surface of the boiler, the fire tube bundle does not need to cross the inner space of the boiler shell, the structure is simple and regular, and the fire tube bundle is not a pressure-bearing part and is easy to maintain and repair; the fire tube and the pressure-bearing boiler shell have no cross welding port, and the pressure resistance is good;

(2) the surface area of the fire tube is the heat exchange area between the flue gas and the metal surface of the boiler and is also a weak link of heat transfer of the boiler. The utility model discloses a firetube surface area can be adjusted wantonly under the prerequisite that does not show to increase structural complexity significantly. The same heat transfer quantity, through increasing the surface area of the fire tube bundle, the design exhaust gas temperature of the boiler is reduced, thereby improving the heat efficiency;

(3) furthermore, the utility model designs the uniform arrangement of the fire tubes, which can solve the problem of flue gas bias flow, reduce the temperature of the discharged flue gas and improve the efficiency;

(4) the utility model discloses preferred design firetube is cylinder and/or square column shape and/or triangular prism shape, and regular shape is favorable to clearing up cigarette ash.

(5) Further, the utility model discloses be provided with thermal-insulated firetube bank, can adjust the flue gas flow of evaporation zone firetube bank through thermal-insulated firetube bank to the temperature of regulation superheated steam that can be reasonable.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a boiler with an annular shell.

Figure 2 is a boiler with a cylindrical shell.

In the figure, an economizer 1, a water inlet pipe 2, a communicating pipe 3, a boiler shell 4, an inner heat transfer fin 5, furnace water 6, a combustion chamber 7, an superheated steam adjusting device 8, a fire tube bundle 9, a heat insulation fire tube bundle 901, an evaporation section fire tube bundle 902, a superheating section fire tube bundle 903, a preheating section fire tube bundle 904, an evaporation section outlet smoke chamber 10, a steam outlet 11, a superheating section outlet smoke chamber 12, a smoke outlet 13, a smoke exhaust chamber 14 and a cleaning hole 15.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

Example 1

Referring to fig. 1, a single-boiler body sectional fire tube indirect heating boiler is shown, a main body part of the boiler mainly comprises a boiler shell 4 and an economizer 1, the boiler shell 4 and the economizer 1 are both annular and are provided with hollow inner cylinders, the economizer 1 is arranged at the upper end of the boiler shell 4, and one side of the economizer 1 is connected with a water inlet pipe 2; the economizer 1 is connected with the boiler shell 4 through a communicating pipe 3, generally, in order to improve the heat efficiency, the upper end of the communicating pipe 3 is connected with one side of the top of the economizer 1, and the lower end is connected with one side of the bottom of the boiler shell 4; fire tube bundles 9 are uniformly distributed on the outer wall and the inner cylinder of the boiler shell 4 and the economizer 1 to serve as heating surfaces. The fire tube bundle 8 arranged on the outer wall and the fire tube bundle 9 arranged on the inner cylinder are tightly contacted with the boiler shell 4 and the economizer 1 in a welding or pressing mode, or other materials are poured and bonded, or the whole manufacturing mode and the like so as to reduce the thermal resistance, all the fire tube bundles 9 do not cross the boiler shell, and the fire tube bundle 9 is a non-pressure-bearing part, has neat specification and simple structure and is convenient to manufacture and maintain.

Preferably, in order to improve the thermal efficiency, the economizer 1 and the boiler shell 4 can be welded with inner heat transfer fins 5 to enhance the heat transfer.

Of course, the fire tube bundle 9 needs to have flue gas to pass through so as to provide heat for the boiler shell 4, the utility model discloses the preferred is provided with combustion chamber 7 below the boiler shell 4, and combustion chamber 7 communicates with fire tube bundle 9.

Preferably, the fire tube bundle 9 is divided into three sections, including an evaporation section fire tube bundle 902, a superheating section fire tube bundle 903 and a preheating section fire tube bundle 904 which are arranged from bottom to top, the boiler shell 4 is divided into an evaporation section boiler shell and a superheating section boiler shell, the evaporation section boiler shell and the superheating section boiler shell are communicated, the boiler water is heated and evaporated into steam through the evaporation section boiler shell, the steam enters the superheating section boiler shell to be continuously heated into superheated steam, correspondingly, the evaporation section fire tube bundle 902 and the superheating section fire tube bundle 903 are arranged on the outer wall and the inner cylinder of the boiler shell 4 and respectively correspond to the outer wall and the inner cylinder of the evaporation section boiler shell and the superheating section boiler shell, the preheating section fire tube bundle 904 is arranged on the outer wall and the inner cylinder of the economizer 1, and the boiler water is heated by using the heat of the economizer 1 and the preheating section fire tube bundle 904 when initially; an evaporation section outlet smoke chamber 10 and a superheating section outlet smoke chamber 12 are respectively communicated between the evaporation section fire tube bundle 902 and the superheating section fire tube bundle 903 and between the superheating section fire tube bundle 903 and the preheating section fire tube bundle 904. The evaporation section outlet smoke chamber 10 and the overheating section outlet smoke chamber 12 are arranged to mix smoke, so that the temperature of the smoke is more uniform, and the heat bias flow is reduced.

Preferably, the top of the fire tube bundle 9 is communicated with a smoke exhaust chamber 14, the smoke exhaust chamber 14 is provided with a smoke exhaust port 13, and the smoke exhaust port 13 is preferably arranged on one side or the top of the smoke exhaust chamber 14.

Water enters the economizer 1 from the water inlet pipe 2, enters the boiler shell 4 through the communicating pipe 3 after being heated in the economizer 1, is heated and evaporated in the boiler shell 4, and is changed into superheated steam after being heated in the boiler shell of the superheating section, and the superheated steam is sent out from the steam outlet 11.

Flue gas of the combustion chamber 7 heats the bottom of the boiler shell 4 and then enters the fire tube bundle 9, heat is transferred to the evaporation section fire tube bundle 902, the evaporation section fire tube bundle 902 is tightly connected with the boiler shell 4, the heat is effectively transferred to the inner surface of the boiler shell 4, and then is convectively transferred to the boiler water 6. The flue gas continuously enters the superheating section fire tube bundle 903 to heat steam, then enters the preheating section fire tube bundle 904 to preheat the furnace water 6 in the economizer 1, and finally is discharged from the smoke outlet 13.

The boiler improves efficiency by:

the heat transfer area of the smoke side is increased, and the efficiency is improved. According to the formula of heat transfer

Q=K·△t·A

Q-heat transfer capacity

K-coefficient of heat transfer

Delta t-heat transfer temperature difference

A-heat transfer area

Under the given heat transfer quantity Q, as long as enough heat transfer area A is available, the heat transfer temperature difference Delta t can be kept at a lower value, namely the temperature of the exhaust gas can be designed at a lower value, thereby improving the efficiency. In the boiler, the fire tube bundles are used as heat transfer surfaces of the smoke sides, the number, the diameter and the height of the fire tube bundles 9 are changed, the heating area of the smoke sides can be changed, the complexity of manufacturing and maintaining of equipment cannot be obviously increased, the fire tubes do not bear pressure, and the cost cannot be obviously increased.

Preferably, a part of the evaporation section fire tube bundle 902 is separated from other evaporation section fire tube bundles 902 by a heat insulating material or made of a heat insulating material, and is provided as a heat insulating fire tube bundle 901, a superheated steam adjusting device 8 is provided at the bottom of the heat insulating fire tube bundle 901, and the superheated steam adjusting device 8 is used for adjusting the amount of flue gas entering the heat insulating fire tube bundle 901. Generally, the heat insulation fire tube bundle 901 is an evaporation section fire tube bundle 902 selectively arranged on the outer side so as to facilitate adjustment of the superheated steam adjusting device 8, and the superheated steam adjusting device can be arranged in various ways, such as an openable structure, an opening and closing caliber size adjustment, or a translational structure, and after the translation is outward, the amount of flue gas entering the evaporation section fire tube bundle 902 is increased. The heat insulation fire tube bundle 901 is arranged, the heat insulation fire tube bundle 901 is made of heat insulation materials or is separated from other fire tube bundles 9 by heat insulation materials, so that the heat of the flue gas is not transferred to the evaporation section fire tube bundle 902, but directly enters the evaporation section outlet smoke chamber 10 from the combustion chamber 7, and the adjusting superheated steam adjusting device 8 can adjust the amount of the flue gas entering the heat insulation fire tube bundle 901. The boiler with high requirement on the superheat degree can divide the boiler shell 4 into an upper part and a lower part, namely an evaporation section boiler shell at the lower part and a superheat section boiler shell at the upper part, wherein the evaporation section boiler shell and the superheat section boiler shell are connected by a flange, so that the heat transfer of the evaporation section boiler shell and the superheat section boiler shell is reduced, and the higher temperature of the superheat section boiler shell can be kept.

Preferably, the top of the shell is connected with a steam outlet 11, and superheated steam is discharged from the top of the shell.

Preferably, the top of the smoke exhaust chamber 14 is provided with a cleaning hole 15, and an elastic baffle plate is arranged at the cleaning hole 15 and used for shielding the cleaning hole 15. When the device is in operation, the elastic baffle blocks the cleaning holes 15 to prevent smoke from leaking, and when the fire tube bundle 9 needs to be cleaned, the device can clean smoke dust in the holes by penetrating the cleaning holes 15 with a straight stick. The design of the elastic baffle is the prior structure.

Preferably, the fire tube bundle 9 is vertically arranged and uniformly distributed on the outer wall and the inner cylinder of the boiler shell 4 and the economizer 1 in an annular shape. The flue gas bias flow problem is solved to the even arrangement of fire tube bank 9, also can reduce the exhaust gas temperature raise the efficiency.

Preferably, in the embodiment, the fire tubes of the fire tube bundle 9 are arranged in a cylindrical shape, the structure of the fire tube bundle 9 is regular, the resistance of the circulating smoke tubes is consistent, and the situation of bias flow of smoke is reduced. Meanwhile, the flue gas is uniformly mixed by combining the evaporation section outlet smoke chamber 10 and the overheating section outlet smoke chamber 12, so that the thermal deviation can be further eliminated, and the problem that the average exhaust temperature is increased due to the thermal deviation caused by uneven resistance is solved. Depending on the case, the fire tubes of the fire tube bundle 9 can also be arranged in a triangular or square column shape, or a combination of these shapes.

Preferably, the economizer 1 adopts a form with a consistent structure and is of a uniform annular structure, waste heat is recovered through the economizer 1 with the consistent structure, the exhaust gas temperature can be reduced, and the efficiency is improved. Furthermore, the annular structure of the economizer 1 is consistent with that of the boiler shell 4, namely the outer diameter and the inner diameter are the same, so that the fire tube bundles 9 can be better uniformly distributed, and the economizer is simple in structure and high in efficiency.

For practical use, specific dimensional designs may be listed, such as: fire tube bundles 9 consisting of circular pipelines with the diameter of 40mm are vertically and evenly distributed on the inner cylinder and the outer wall of the annular boiler shell.

Example 2

Referring to fig. 2, the embodiment 2 is substantially the same as the embodiment 1, but the cylindrical boiler shell 4 and the cylindrical economizer 1 are used, so that the fire tube bundle 9 can be disposed only on the outer walls of the economizer 1 and the boiler shell 4. The boiler shell 4 is also divided into an evaporation section boiler shell and a superheating section boiler shell, and the fire tube bundle 9 is also divided into three sections including an evaporation section fire tube bundle 902, a superheating section fire tube bundle 903 and a preheating section fire tube bundle 904 which are arranged from bottom to top.

For practical use, specific dimensional designs may be listed, such as: fire tube bundles consisting of circular pipelines with the diameter of 40mm are uniformly distributed on the outer wall of the circular boiler shell, and the fire tube bundles 9 are welded on the boiler shell 4.

Claims (9)

1. The utility model provides a single pot body segmentation firetube indirect heating boiler, includes the pot shell, its characterized in that:

one end of the boiler shell is provided with an economizer, and one side of the economizer is connected with a water inlet pipe;

the economizer is connected with the boiler shell through a communicating pipe;

and fire tube bundles are distributed on the outer wall and/or the inner cylinder of the boiler shell and the economizer to serve as heating surfaces.

2. The single-boiler sectional fire tube indirect heating boiler of claim 1, wherein:

one end of the boiler shell is provided with a combustion chamber which is communicated with the fire tube bundle.

3. The single-boiler sectional fire tube indirect heating boiler of claim 1, wherein:

the fire tube bundle is divided into three sections, and comprises an evaporation section fire tube bundle, a superheating section fire tube bundle and a preheating section fire tube bundle, wherein the evaporation section fire tube bundle and the superheating section fire tube bundle are arranged on the outer wall and/or the inner cylinder of the boiler shell, and the preheating section fire tube bundle is arranged on the outer wall and/or the inner cylinder of the economizer; an evaporation section outlet smoke chamber and a superheat section outlet smoke chamber are respectively communicated between the evaporation section fire tube bundle and the superheat section fire tube bundle and between the superheat section fire tube bundle and the preheating section fire tube bundle.

4. The single-boiler sectional fire tube indirect heating boiler of claim 1, wherein:

the top of the fire tube bundle is communicated with a smoke exhaust chamber, and the smoke exhaust chamber is provided with a smoke exhaust port.

5. The single-boiler sectional fire tube indirect heating boiler of claim 1, wherein:

the top of the pot shell is connected with a steam outlet.

6. The single-body segmented fire tube indirect heating boiler of claim 3, wherein:

and part of the evaporation section fire tube bundles are separated from other evaporation section fire tube bundles by using a heat insulating material or are made of the heat insulating material and are set into heat insulating fire tube bundles, and the bottom of each heat insulating fire tube bundle is provided with a superheated steam adjusting device which is used for adjusting the amount of smoke entering the heat insulating fire tube bundles.

7. The single-boiler sectional fire tube indirect heating boiler of claim 4, wherein:

the top of the smoke exhaust chamber is provided with a cleaning hole, and an elastic baffle plate is arranged at the cleaning hole and used for shielding the cleaning hole.

8. The single-boiler sectional fire tube indirect heating boiler of claim 1, wherein:

the fire tube bundle and the boiler shell are arranged in the same direction and/or at a certain included angle, and are uniformly distributed on the outer wall and/or the inner cylinder of the boiler shell and the economizer in an annular shape.

9. The single-boiler sectional fire tube indirect heating boiler of claim 1, wherein:

the fire tubes of the fire tube bundle are cylindrical and/or square and/or triangular.

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