CN212353170U - Environment-friendly waterproof high-strength artificial board - Google Patents
Environment-friendly waterproof high-strength artificial board Download PDFInfo
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- CN212353170U CN212353170U CN201922497295.9U CN201922497295U CN212353170U CN 212353170 U CN212353170 U CN 212353170U CN 201922497295 U CN201922497295 U CN 201922497295U CN 212353170 U CN212353170 U CN 212353170U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a waterproof high strength's of environmental protection wood-based plate, this wood-based plate include the high molecular polymer base plate, the high molecular polymer base plate in the dispersion have plant granule. The utility model adopts high molecular polymer to replace formaldehyde glue used in the prior art, and directly melts and processes plant particles and the high molecular polymer into a substrate; the plant particles provide mechanical properties and light weight performance required by the substrate, and the high molecular polymer provides water resistance and mildew and moth resistance required by the substrate, so that the substrate is non-toxic and environment-friendly and can be recycled; the high-molecular polymer is cooled and shaped after being melted at high temperature, so that the bonding strength of the high-molecular polymer to plant particles is ensured, the traditional wood fumigating, sterilizing and deinsectizing process is omitted, the manufacturing steps are simplified, and the manufacturing cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of the wood-based plate, concretely relates to waterproof high strength's of environmental protection wood-based plate.
Background
Due to the rise of global environmental protection concepts and the lack of wood resources, high-quality solid wood originally applied to home environments (such as wooden doors, cabinets, floors and the like) is gradually developed into synthetic solid wood (miscellaneous wood) composite, finger joint or multilayer solid wood composite; however, with the rapid increase of demand, these solid wood substitutes still cannot meet the demand. Thus, wood-based panels are increasingly being used in domestic environments.
The artificial boards are of various types, and commonly used are shaving boards, density fiberboard, block board, plywood, fireproof boards and other decorative artificial boards. Among them, plywood, shaving board and density fiberboard are main artificial board products, account for more than eight in market share, and their extension products and deep processing products reach hundreds of kinds, and are most widely used in daily life.
The performance of three main artificial boards is greatly different, wherein the plywood has the highest requirement on raw materials and the most expensive cost; the particle board has the lowest requirement on raw materials, can just consume the inferior small firewood, but has the highest requirement on the adhesive, and has lower plate strength; different properties and characteristics make the advantages and disadvantages of plywood, density fiberboard and shaving board different, and the plywood, the density fiberboard and the shaving board are suitable for different scenes.
In recent decades, the industry has gradually used the equal-size outer materials (small diameter, special-shaped materials) of fast-growing woods (eucalyptus, poplar, pine, fir and other miscellaneous trees), the leftover materials (branches, tree cores and the like) of wood processing, and the low-cost wood substrates, such as density fiber boards and particle boards, are produced by cutting, grinding and then carrying out composite hot pressing with glue (urea + formaldehyde, phenol + formaldehyde or melamine + formaldehyde, which is subsequently and collectively referred to as formaldehyde glue).
The boards are low in cost, convenient to standardize and produce in large quantities, and already occupy most of market shares of artificial boards, the annual production capacity is thousands of tons, and the volume reaches 1.23 billion cubic meters.
However, these products also have inherent environmental problems, such as: (1) free formaldehyde in the formaldehyde glue is toxic and has a teratogenic risk, and is classified as a carcinogenic (highest grade) by the world health organization, so that the board produced by the formaldehyde glue is not environment-friendly; (2) the formaldehyde glue artificial board also has the problems of complex production process route and high energy consumption, for example, the production process of the density fiberboard comprises the following steps: peeling wood, chipping, boiling in boiling water, hot-disc grinding into fibers, cyclone separation, waxing, fiber distribution, primary pressing into blanks, gluing (glue needs additional working procedures and is polymerized by urea and formaldehyde), high-pressure forming, slitting, packaging and transporting; (3) the formaldehyde glue is easy to absorb water, and the substrate is easy to absorb water and deform in a humid environment, so that the phenomenon of mildew and worm damage is caused; (4) the formaldehyde glue is thermosetting and has hard texture, and during the sawing and planing process of processing the board into furniture, the board is easy to crack and break, and the nail holding force is weak when the board is fastened by a screw; (5) the formaldehyde glue is thermosetting plastic, and leftover waste generated in production and use can not be crushed and then is put into production equipment again for reuse.
At present, a new generation of decorative building material products which are non-toxic, environment-friendly, waterproof, high in strength, energy-saving and efficient are urgently needed in the market.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The invention aims to provide an environment-friendly waterproof high-strength artificial board.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the utility model is as follows:
an environment-friendly waterproof high-strength artificial board comprises a high-molecular polymer substrate, wherein plant particles are dispersed in the high-molecular polymer substrate.
The utility model adopts high molecular polymer to replace formaldehyde glue used in the prior art, and directly melts and processes plant particles and the high molecular polymer into a substrate; the plant particles provide mechanical properties and light weight performance required by the substrate, and the high molecular polymer provides water resistance and mildew and moth resistance required by the substrate, so that the substrate is non-toxic and environment-friendly and can be recycled; the high-molecular polymer is cooled and shaped after being melted at high temperature, so that the bonding strength of the high-molecular polymer to plant particles is ensured, the traditional wood fumigating, sterilizing and deinsectizing process is omitted, the manufacturing steps are simplified, and the manufacturing cost is reduced.
In the above-mentioned environment-friendly waterproof high-strength artificial board, the high-molecular polymer substrate is a thermoplastic high-molecular polymer substrate.
Preferably, in the above-mentioned environmentally-friendly waterproof high-strength artificial board, the thermoplastic polymer substrate is made of at least one of polyolefin, polyester, polystyrene, polyamide, polyacrylate, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, polycarbonate, polyurethane, polyphenylene oxide, and polyoxymethylene.
More preferably, in the above-mentioned environmentally friendly waterproof high strength artificial board, the thermoplastic polymer substrate is made of at least one of polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polystyrene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate copolymer, nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 46, nylon 1010, nylon 4T, nylon 9T, polyoxymethylene, polycarbonate, polyphenylene oxide, and polymethyl methacrylate.
In the above-mentioned environment-friendly waterproof high-strength artificial board, the high molecular polymer substrate may also be a biodegradable high molecular polymer substrate.
Preferably, in the above-mentioned environmentally-friendly waterproof high-strength artificial board, the biodegradable high polymer substrate is made of at least one of polylactic acid, polybutylene adipate/terephthalate (PBAT), polybutylene succinate (PBS), Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), polyesteramine and polycaprolactone.
Wherein, the polyhydroxyalkanoate can be at least one of polybutylene succinate, polybutylene hexanoate, polyhydroxybutyrate, polyhydroxyvalerate and polyethylene succinate.
The high molecular polymer adopted in the utility model can be a new material, also can be a reclaimed material, and also can be a mixture of the new material and the reclaimed material.
Sources of the recyclates include: firstly, the inferior brands of the high molecular polymer producer are reduced; crushing and screening plastic product waste to obtain polymer particles; crushing plastic product waste, screening, and granulating to obtain polymer particles; fourthly, the leftover materials, defective products, the waste materials of the extruder die head and the like generated in the production process of the environment-friendly waterproof high-strength artificial board are crushed and screened to obtain particles; fifthly, the utility model discloses a particulate matter that the panel of waterproof high strength of environmental protection produced after the terminal customer finishes using after getting rid of the functional top layer that is in the substrate surface, obtains after smashing, screening.
In the environment-friendly waterproof high-strength artificial board, the particle size of the plant particles is 0.05mm-15 mm. The plant particles are preferably 0.1mm to 10mm, and more preferably 0.2mm to 5 mm. The powdered plant material, which is too small in size, causes the plant particles to lose their own mechanical strength.
In order to avoid the influence of the excessive water content of the plant particles on the mildew and moth resistance of the substrate, in the environment-friendly waterproof high-strength artificial board, the water content of the plant particles is 0.5-35%. The water content of the plant particles is preferably 2-20%, and more preferably 3-15%. Because cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose in the plant particles all contain hydrophilic hydroxyl or hydroxymethyl, a certain water content is properly reserved in the plant particles, the water content can play a role similar to a plasticizer in the subsequent melt extrusion process, and if the water content is too low, the subsequent processing is not facilitated.
In the environment-friendly waterproof high-strength artificial board, the addition amount of the plant particles in the high polymer substrate is 1-900 g/100 g of high polymer.
The environment-friendly waterproof high-strength artificial board further comprises a functional surface layer attached to at least one side surface of the high polymer substrate. The functional surface layer can be added according to specific needs, and can be a color layer, a pattern layer, a surface layer with different surface roughness or glossiness, a surface layer with different hardness, such as oil stain resistance, fingerprint resistance, detergent resistance, ultraviolet resistance, weather resistance, flame retardance or easy adhesion, and the like.
The functional surface layer may be co-extruded with the substrate or may be attached to the substrate surface by coating, printing, thermal transfer, adhesive lamination, or the like.
Preferably, the thickness of the functional surface layer is 0.025mm-5mm, and the total thickness of the artificial board obtained by superposing the functional surface layer on the surface of the substrate is generally 2mm-50 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are embodied in:
the utility model adopts high molecular polymer to replace formaldehyde glue used in the prior art, and directly melts and processes plant particles and the high molecular polymer into a substrate; the plant particles provide mechanical properties and light weight performance required by the substrate, and the high molecular polymer provides water resistance and mildew and moth resistance required by the substrate, so that the substrate is non-toxic and environment-friendly and can be recycled; the high-molecular polymer is cooled and shaped after being melted at high temperature, so that the bonding strength of the high-molecular polymer to plant particles is ensured, the traditional wood fumigating, sterilizing and deinsectizing process is omitted, the manufacturing steps are simplified, and the manufacturing cost is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the environment-friendly waterproof high-strength artificial board of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the environment-friendly waterproof high-strength artificial board of the embodiment includes a high molecular polymer substrate 1, and the high molecular polymer substrate 1 has excellent waterproof property, mildew-proof property and moth-proof property, is non-toxic and environment-friendly, and can be recycled.
In this embodiment, the polymer substrate 1 is a thermoplastic polymer substrate; the thermoplastic high polymer substrate is prepared from acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS plastic). The high molecular polymer used in this embodiment may be a new material, a recycled material, or a mixture of a new material and a recycled material.
As shown in fig. 1, the polymer substrate 1 of the present example has the plant particles 2 dispersed therein, and the amount of the plant particles 2 added is 40 g/60 g polymer. The plant particles 2 can endow the high molecular polymer substrate 1 with good mechanical property and light weight property, when the plant particles 2 and the high molecular polymer are mixed and melted at high temperature, the plant particles 2 and the high molecular polymer can be adhered to each other, the high molecular polymer layer wrapped outside the plant particles 2 has a protection effect on the plant particles 2, and the plant particles 2 are prevented from mildewing or being damaged by worms.
In this example, the particle size of the plant particles 2 is between 0.5mm and 5 mm. The powdered plant material, which is too small in size, will cause the plant particles 2 to lose their own mechanical strength.
In this embodiment, the water content of the plant particles 2 should be controlled between 2% and 20%. The mildew and moth resistance of the high polymer substrate 1 can be affected by too high water content, but because cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose in the plant particles 2 all contain hydrophilic hydroxyl or hydroxymethyl, a certain water content is properly reserved in the plant particles 2, the water can play a role similar to a plasticizer in the subsequent melt extrusion process, and if the water content is too low, the subsequent processing is not facilitated.
The utility model discloses there is not special requirement to the source of plant granule 2, as long as ensure that plant granule 2 can provide at least one in sufficient lignin, hemicellulose or cellulose. The plant particles 2 can be derived from one or more of trees, bamboos, shrubs and herbaceous plants, and can be stems, leaves, skins and cores of the plants; the trees, the bamboos, the shrubs or the herbaceous plants can be fresh, can be placed for a period of time after being felled, can be discarded, and can also be made into finished products or semi-finished products with other purposes for recycling; the plant particles 2 used more commonly include wood particles, bamboo particles, shrub particles and particles made of plant straws.
In order to ensure that substrates of different batches have basically the same properties, the plant particles 2 of different sources can be mixed for use so as to obtain stable product performance; after the content of each component in the plant particles 2 is determined, a method of additionally adding lignin, hemicellulose or cellulose, wherein the content of the lignin, the hemicellulose or the cellulose needs to reach 0.5% -30% is adopted to ensure the stability of the performance of the product; for cost reasons, it is preferred to add technical-grade lignin, technical-grade hemicellulose or technical-grade cellulose.
As shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, both side surfaces of the polymer substrate 1 are provided with functional surface layers 3. In this embodiment, the functional surface layer 3 is an ultraviolet aging resistant layer. In addition, the color layer, the pattern layer, the surface layers with different surface roughness or glossiness and the surface layers with different hardness, such as oil stain resistance, fingerprint resistance, detergent resistance, ultraviolet resistance, weather resistance, flame retardance or easy adhesion, can be selected according to specific needs.
The functional surface layer 3 may be co-extruded with the polymer substrate 1, or may be attached to the surface of the polymer substrate 1 by coating, printing, thermal transfer, adhesive lamination, or the like.
In this embodiment, the thickness of the functional surface layer 3 may be set to 0.025mm to 5mm, and the total thickness of the artificial board obtained by stacking the functional surface layer 3 on the surface of the high polymer substrate 1 is generally between 2mm to 50 mm.
Specifically, the manufacturing method of the environment-friendly waterproof high-strength artificial board of the embodiment includes the following steps:
(1) crushing the plant raw materials into plant particles 2, and drying;
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1.1) crushing external materials such as wood and leftover materials, and screening out wood particles with the diameter of more than 0.5 mm;
(1.2) putting the screened wood particles into an oven, drying for 4 hours at 120 ℃, and detecting the water content of the wood particles by using a water content tester; when the water content is reduced to below 20%, taking out, cooling at room temperature for 2h, and weighing;
(2) mixing the dried plant particles 2 with high molecular polymer particles according to a preset mass percentage, uniformly stirring, melting and extruding, and cooling to obtain the environment-friendly waterproof high-strength artificial board.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(2.1) drying the wood particles and ABS plastic particles (styrene-acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer) according to the proportion of 40%: mixing 60% of the raw materials in percentage by weight, stirring for 15min by using a funnel type stirrer, and bagging the mixture for later use (20KG per bag);
(2.2) sucking the mixture into a first storage barrel by using a vacuum suction machine, wherein the capacity of the first storage barrel is 100 liters;
(2.3) the first material storage barrel is arranged on the main screw extruder, and the materials are fed into a feeding port of the extruder by weight, and the diameter of the screw of the extruder is
The length-diameter ratio is 1:35, the temperature of the screw and the barrel is set as 5 sections: 80 ℃, 180 ℃, 260 ℃, 250 ℃ and 220 ℃;
(2.4) mixing ASA plastic particles (styrene-acrylonitrile-acrylate copolymer) with cerium oxide powder at a weight ratio of 100:3, adding into a funnel type blender, stirring for 15min, and packaging (25KG per bag)
Wherein, the cerium oxide powder is coated by the surface of polyphosphate ester, and the average grain diameter is 5-50 nm; before mixing the cerium oxide powder with ASA plastic particles, soaking the cerium oxide powder with 10 wt% of dimethyl silicone oil to prevent dust emission during stirring of the mixture of the cerium oxide powder and the ASA plastic particles;
(2.5) sucking the mixture of the cerium oxide powder and the ASA plastic particles into a second storage barrel by using a vacuum suction machine, wherein the capacity of the second storage barrel is 50 liters;
(2.6) the second material storage cylinder is arranged on the auxiliary screw extruder, and the materials are fed into a feeding port of the extruder by weight, and the diameter of the extruder screw is
The length-diameter ratio is 1:30, the temperature of the screw and the barrel is set as 5 sections: 80 ℃, 170 ℃, 260 ℃, 240 ℃ and 210 ℃;
(2.7) the extruder head is connected with a T-shaped extrusion die head, and the extrusion die head is formed by co-extruding three layers (A/B/A structure) with the thickness ratio of the three layers being 15%: 70%: 15 percent, wherein the material of the main screw extruder forms a main body of a layer B, the material of the auxiliary screw extruder is divided into two strands of materials by a distributor to form two outer layers A, the two outer layers A are combined into an A/B/A structure in an extrusion die head, the width of the die head is 1200mm, and the gap between die lips is set at 20 mm;
(2.8) cooling the molten material cast by the T-shaped die head through two metal casting rollers (cooling by circulating water communicated with the inside), solidifying the molten material into a semi-finished substrate with the thickness of 18mm, and sawing the semi-finished substrate into the semi-finished substrate with the width of 1000mm and the length of 2000mm to obtain the environment-friendly waterproof high-strength artificial board.
According to the national standard GB/T16422.2, the UV ultraviolet aging resistance of the artificial board of the embodiment is tested by xenon lamp aging, the artificial board is taken out after being tested for 4 weeks in an aging box, the yellowing Index (YI-Yellow Index) is measured to be less than 2.0 by a color difference meter, 3.5 mm (ultraviolet-resistant ASA layer) is removed from each of the upper surface layer and the lower surface layer of the substrate, the middle substrate layer (ABS + 2 plant particle layers) is exposed, and the yellowing Index (YI-Yellow Index) is measured to be less than 1.5 by the color difference meter, which shows that the artificial board has good outdoor UV aging resistance.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment is an environment-friendly waterproof high-strength artificial board, which is substantially the same as that in embodiment 1, except that the high polymer substrate 1 is a biodegradable high polymer substrate.
In this embodiment, the biodegradable high molecular polymer substrate is made of polylactic acid.
The manufacturing method of the environment-friendly waterproof high-strength artificial board comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing the plant raw materials into plant particles 2, and drying;
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1.1) crushing external materials such as wood and leftover materials, and screening out wood particles with the diameter of more than 0.5 mm;
(1.2) putting the screened wood particles into a vacuum dehumidification oven, drying for 4 hours at 120 ℃, and keeping the vacuum degree at-0.1 MPa; detecting the water content of the sample by using a water content tester; when the water content is reduced to below 5%, taking out, packaging and sealing by using an aluminum-plated film, cooling at room temperature for 0.5h, and weighing;
(2) mixing the dried plant particles 2 with high molecular polymer particles according to a preset mass percentage, uniformly stirring, melting and extruding, and cooling to obtain the environment-friendly waterproof high-strength artificial board.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(2.1) weighing and mixing PLA (polylactic acid) plastic particles and starch (subjected to oil removal treatment) according to the weight ratio of 100:25, putting the mixture into a drying oven, drying the mixture for 4 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃, and detecting the water content of the mixture by using a water content tester; taking out when the water content is reduced to below 0.5%, packaging and sealing with an aluminum-plated film, cooling at room temperature for 0.5h, and weighing;
(2.2) sucking the dried wood particles and the PLA plastic particle/starch mixture into a storage barrel by using an automatic weighing and sucking machine, wherein the weight ratio of the dried wood particles to the PLA plastic particle/starch mixture is 50%: 50 percent, the capacity of the material storage cylinder is 100 liters, hot air is dehydrated by a water molecular sieve and then is introduced into the material storage cylinder, and the raw material is kept dry by hot air circulation;
(2.3) the material storage cylinder is arranged on the single-screw extruder, and the material is fed into a material inlet of the extruder by weight, and the diameter of the screw of the extruder is
The length-diameter ratio is 1:35, the temperature of the screw and the barrel is set as 5 sections: 80 ℃, 150 ℃, 180 ℃, 160 ℃, 150 ℃;
the extruder head is connected with a T-shaped extrusion die head, the width is 1200mm, and the lip gap of the die is set to be 15 mm;
(2.4) cooling the molten material cast from the T-shaped die by two metal casting rollers (cooling by circulating water communicated with the inside), solidifying the molten material into a semi-finished product with the thickness of 12mm, and sawing the semi-finished product into the semi-finished product with the width of 1000mm and the length of 2000mm to obtain the environment-friendly waterproof high-strength artificial board.
The biodegradable performance of the artificial board of the embodiment is tested, and the testing method comprises the following steps:
the artificial board is crushed and then buried, the PLA component in the artificial board can be degraded by more than 70 percent through microbial decomposition (aerobic type microorganisms) for 9-12 months under the temperature and humidity condition in summer, 100 percent of the PLA component can be completely degraded finally along with the lapse of time, the wood particle component in the board is also completely degraded, and the degradation products are water and carbon dioxide.
Claims (5)
1. An environment-friendly waterproof high-strength artificial board is characterized by comprising a high polymer substrate (1), wherein plant particles (2) are dispersed in the high polymer substrate (1);
the high polymer substrate (1) is a thermoplastic high polymer substrate or a biodegradable high polymer substrate, the thermoplastic high polymer substrate is made of polyester, polyphenyl ether or polyurethane, and the biodegradable high polymer substrate is made of polycaprolactone.
2. The environmentally friendly waterproof high strength artificial board as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic polymer substrate is made of polyethylene terephthalate, polytrimethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate or polyphenylene oxide.
3. The environmentally friendly waterproof high-strength artificial board according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the particle size of the plant particles (2) is 0.05mm to 15 mm.
4. The environmental-friendly waterproof high-strength artificial board according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the moisture content of the plant particles (2) is 0.5-35%.
5. The environmentally friendly waterproof high-strength artificial board according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a functional surface layer (3) attached to at least one side surface of the polymer substrate (1).
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| CN201922497295.9U CN212353170U (en) | 2019-12-31 | 2019-12-31 | Environment-friendly waterproof high-strength artificial board |
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| CN201922497295.9U CN212353170U (en) | 2019-12-31 | 2019-12-31 | Environment-friendly waterproof high-strength artificial board |
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