CN212338003U - Variable damping device - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a damping-variable shock-absorbing device, which comprises a piston cylinder outer sleeve, a piston cylinder inner sleeve arranged in the piston cylinder outer sleeve, a piston rod arranged in the piston cylinder inner sleeve in a penetrating way and a piston sheet arranged at the bottom of the piston rod, wherein the bottom of the piston cylinder inner sleeve is provided with a circulation hole; compressed air is filled in a containing cavity formed between the outer sleeve of the piston cylinder and the inner sleeve of the piston cylinder, damping oil is filled in the inner sleeve of the piston cylinder, and a through hole for circulating the damping oil is formed in the piston sheet; the bottom of the inner sleeve of the piston cylinder is provided with a compression variable damping mechanism, and the upper part of the piston rod, which is positioned on the inner sleeve of the piston cylinder, is provided with a stretching variable damping mechanism. The utility model discloses a variable damping device when the external force that receives changes, can change the damping size, the outside not equidimension impact of self-adaptation balance has realized compression and tensile variable damping and has adjusted, is favorable to exerting mechanical damper variable operating mode function.

Description

Variable damping device

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of damping, concretely relates to variable damping device.

Background

The damping value of the traditional mechanical damper is a fixed value or can only be changed in a small range, the damper can only have good balance and absorption effects on external impact load in a certain size range, the traditional damper cannot change the damping value along with the change of the external impact size, and therefore when the impact load generated by external force is too large, impact cannot be absorbed smoothly by the damper

The technical development of the existing damper capable of changing the damping size focuses on changing the damping coefficient of magnetic damping oil through electromagnetic change so as to change the damping size, the technical route belongs to active variable damping, the active variable damping is expensive in manufacturing cost due to the complex technology, the technical route is long in development time, but the price factor causes difficulty in large-scale popularization in terms of the maturity of the existing technology.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model aims at providing a variable damping device for solving the deficiencies of the background art.

In order to achieve the above object, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a variable damping device, includes the piston cylinder outer sleeve, sets up the piston cylinder inner skleeve in the piston cylinder outer skleeve, wears to locate the piston rod in the piston cylinder inner skleeve and sets up the piston piece in the piston rod bottom, its special character lies in: the top of the inner sleeve of the piston cylinder is connected with the top of the outer sleeve of the piston cylinder in a sealing way through a sealing box, and the bottom of the inner sleeve of the piston cylinder is provided with a circulation hole;

compressed air is filled in a containing cavity formed between the outer sleeve of the piston cylinder and the inner sleeve of the piston cylinder, damping oil is filled in the inner sleeve of the piston cylinder, a through hole for the circulation of the damping oil is formed in the piston sheet, and the damping oil can flow downwards under the action of pressure and pass through a circulation hole in the bottom of the inner sleeve of the piston cylinder to enter the containing cavity to be communicated with the compressed air;

the piston rod is provided with a compression variable damping mechanism at the upper part of the inner sleeve of the piston cylinder.

In the technical scheme, the compression variable damping mechanism comprises a first base cylinder and a first movable cylinder sleeve, the first base cylinder is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of an inner sleeve of the piston cylinder and communicated with a circulation hole of the first base cylinder, the first movable cylinder sleeve is sleeved outside the first base cylinder and can slide up and down relative to the outer wall of the first base cylinder under the action of pressure, and a variable-pitch spring is arranged in an inner cavity formed between the first base cylinder and the first movable cylinder sleeve.

In the technical scheme, a cylinder cover is arranged at the top end of the first movable cylinder sleeve, a ring cover is circumferentially arranged on the outer wall of the bottom end of the first movable cylinder sleeve, and a plurality of groups of pressure relief seam units are circumferentially arranged on the outer wall of the first movable cylinder sleeve at intervals.

In the technical scheme, a plurality of flow ports are arranged on the outer rings of the cylinder cover and the ring cover at intervals along the circumferential direction; each group of pressure relief seam units comprises a first pressure relief seam, a second pressure relief seam and a third pressure relief seam which are arranged at equal intervals in sequence.

In the above technical solution, the length of the first pressure relief seam is 1/3 of the length of the third pressure relief seam; the length of the second pressure relief slit is 2/3 times the length of the third pressure relief slit.

In the technical scheme, the stretching variable damping mechanism comprises a second base cylinder and a second movable cylinder sleeve, the cylinder wall of the second movable cylinder sleeve can be embedded into the cylinder wall of the second base cylinder to move up and down relative to the second base cylinder under the action of pressure, and springs are sleeved on outer rings of the second base cylinder and the second movable cylinder sleeve.

In the technical scheme, a plurality of first racks are circumferentially arranged below the cylinder wall of the second base cylinder at intervals, and a first tooth hole is formed between every two adjacent first racks;

a plurality of second racks are arranged above the cylinder wall of the second movable cylinder sleeve at intervals in the circumferential direction, and a second tooth hole is formed between every two adjacent second racks;

the second movable cylinder sleeve can move upwards under the action of pressure, so that the second rack and the first rack are correspondingly embedded into the first tooth hole and the second tooth hole respectively.

In the technical scheme, a first annular plate is arranged on the outer wall of the top end of the second base cylinder in the circumferential direction and is abutted against the bottom end of the sealing box;

and a second annular plate is circumferentially arranged on the outer wall of the bottom end of the second movable cylinder sleeve, and a plurality of through holes are circumferentially arranged on the second annular plate at intervals.

In the technical scheme, the inner wall of the inner sleeve of the piston cylinder is provided with the annular mounting seat, and the second annular plate of the second movable cylinder sleeve is abutted against the annular mounting seat in a free state so as to seal the through hole.

In the technical scheme, the middle part of the piston rod is provided with an annular bulge, the annular bulge is provided with a butterfly spring, and the butterfly spring can move upwards under the driving of the piston rod to drive the second movable cylinder sleeve to move upwards.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are that:

one of which, the utility model discloses a variable damping device is provided with the variable damping mechanism of compression in the bottom of piston cylinder inner skleeve, and the upper portion that lies in the piston cylinder inner skleeve on the piston rod is provided with tensile variable damping mechanism, when the external force that receives changes, can change the damping size, and the outside not impact of size of self-adaptation balance, for example external impact is big more, then corresponding increase damping.

Secondly, in the compression variable damping mechanism designed by the variable damping shock absorption device, the first movable cylinder sleeve is arranged outside the first base cylinder and can slide up and down relative to the outer wall of the first base cylinder under the action of pressure so as to change the flow area of the pressure relief seam to adapt to external load; the utility model discloses a section of thick bamboo wall of tensile variable damping mechanism's second movable cylinder liner can imbed the section of thick bamboo wall of second base section of thick bamboo relatively its adaptation external load that reciprocates in order to change the through-flow area self-adaptation tooth hole under the effect of pressure.

Thirdly, the utility model discloses a variable damping device utilizes the characteristics that the aperture local energy loss that effluences is big for the damping is directly proportional with the compression stroke change. The impact energy is reduced and consumed by the oil liquid of the damper through the pores of the piston in the damper, the mechanical energy is changed into the internal energy of the oil liquid, when the external impact is larger, the compression stroke of the mechanical damper piston is larger, a larger volume of oil cylinder is needed to provide more oil to flow through the pore space to consume the impact energy, but the reality is that the oil volume is not allowed to be infinitely increased, so the number of energy dissipation pores needs to be changed according to the external impact change on the premise of a certain oil volume, namely, the volume of the oil in the oil cylinder is not changed, when the damper piston is impacted and the oil cylinder is compressed to drive the oil to flow through the energy dissipation pore, the large impact load corresponds to the smaller flow passage pore area, the local overflow energy loss coefficient of the oil is small at the moment, so that the pore overflow area is changed to adapt to external load.

Fourthly, the utility model discloses a can change damping device's structure adopts mechanical structure, compares the damped mode of present active electromagnetic change, and reliability and economic nature are more excellent, have more the value of popularizing, compare in the variable attenuator of other mechanical types, the utility model discloses a simplest principle realizes the damping change through increasing not too much subassembly on traditional attenuator structural basis.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the damping-variable shock absorber of the present invention when it is under external pressure;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of the compression variable damping mechanism of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the damping-variable shock absorber according to the present invention when it is subjected to a downward stroke by an external pressure;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of the compression variable damping mechanism of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the damping device according to the present invention when the damping device is subjected to an external pressure and the damping device is located at the maximum stroke;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged schematic view of the compression variable damping mechanism of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of the damping-variable shock absorber according to the present invention when it is under external tension;

FIG. 8 is an enlarged schematic view of the tension variable damping mechanism of FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of the damping variable shock absorber according to the present invention when it is subjected to an external pulling force for an upward stroke;

FIG. 10 is an enlarged schematic view of the tension variable damping mechanism of FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of the damping device of the present invention when the damping device is subjected to an external pulling force and is located at the maximum stroke;

FIG. 12 is an enlarged schematic view of the tension variable damping mechanism of FIG. 11;

in the figure: 1-piston cylinder outer sleeve, 2-piston cylinder inner sleeve, 2.1-annular mounting seat, 3-piston rod, 3.1-annular protrusion, 4-piston sheet, 4.1-through hole, 5-sealing box, 6-circulation hole, 7-containing cavity, 8-compression variable damping mechanism, 8.1-first base barrel, 8.2-first movable cylinder sleeve, 8.3-variable pitch spring, 8.4-cylinder cover, 8.5-annular cover, 8.6-pressure relief seam unit, 8.61-first pressure relief seam, 8.62-second pressure relief seam, 8.63-third pressure relief seam, 8.7-circulation hole, 9-tension variable damping mechanism, 9.1-second base barrel, 9.11-first rack, 9.12-first tooth hole, 9.13-first annular plate, 9.2-second cylinder sleeve, 9.21-second movable rack, 9.22-second tooth hole, 9.23-second ring plate, 9.24-through hole, 9.3-spring and 10-butterfly spring.

Detailed Description

The invention will be further described in detail with reference to the drawings and the following detailed description, which are provided for the purpose of clearly understanding the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the variable damping shock-absorbing device of the present invention comprises a piston cylinder outer sleeve 1, a piston cylinder inner sleeve 2 arranged in the piston cylinder outer sleeve 1, a piston rod 3 penetrating the piston cylinder inner sleeve 2, and a piston sheet 4 arranged at the bottom of the piston rod 3, wherein the top of the piston cylinder inner sleeve 2 is hermetically connected with the top of the piston cylinder outer sleeve 1 through a sealing box 5, and the bottom of the piston cylinder inner sleeve 2 is provided with a circulation hole 6; compressed air is filled in a containing cavity 7 formed between the piston cylinder outer sleeve 1 and the piston cylinder inner sleeve 2, damping oil is filled in the piston cylinder inner sleeve 2, a through hole 4.1 for the circulation of the damping oil is formed in the piston sheet 4, and the damping oil can flow downwards under the action of pressure and pass through a circulation hole 6 in the bottom of the piston cylinder inner sleeve 2 to enter the containing cavity 7 to be communicated with the compressed air; the bottom of the piston cylinder inner sleeve 2 is provided with a compression variable damping mechanism 8, and the upper part of the piston rod 3, which is positioned on the piston cylinder inner sleeve 2, is provided with a tension variable damping mechanism 9.

In the above technical scheme, the compression variable damping mechanism 8 includes a first base cylinder 8.1 and a first movable cylinder sleeve 8.2, the first base cylinder 8.1 is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the inner sleeve 2 of the piston cylinder and communicated with the circulation hole 6 thereof, the first movable cylinder sleeve 8.2 is sleeved outside the first base cylinder 8.1 and can slide up and down relative to the outer wall thereof under the action of pressure, and a variable-pitch spring 8.3 is arranged in an inner cavity formed between the first base cylinder 8.1 and the first movable cylinder sleeve 8.2. The top end of the first movable cylinder sleeve 8.2 is provided with a cylinder cover 8.4, the outer wall of the bottom end of the first movable cylinder sleeve 8.2 is circumferentially provided with a ring cover 8.5, and the outer wall of the first movable cylinder sleeve 8.2 is circumferentially provided with a plurality of groups of pressure relief seam units 8.6 at intervals. The outer rings of the cylinder cover 8.4 and the ring cover 8.5 are provided with a plurality of circulation ports 8.7 at intervals along the circumferential direction; each set of relief seam units 8.6 comprises a first relief seam 8.61, a second relief seam 8.62 and a third relief seam 8.63 arranged in sequence at equal intervals. The length of the first pressure relief slit 8.61 is 1/3 the length of the third pressure relief slit 8.63; the length of the second leak-off seam 8.62 is 2/3 the length of the third leak-off seam 8.63.

As shown in fig. 7 to 12, the tensile variable damping mechanism 9 includes a second base cylinder 9.1 and a second movable cylinder sleeve 9.2, a cylinder wall of the second movable cylinder sleeve 9.2 can be embedded into the cylinder wall of the second base cylinder 9.1 under the action of pressure to move up and down relative to the second base cylinder, and a spring 9.3 is sleeved on outer rings of the second base cylinder 9.1 and the second movable cylinder sleeve 9.2. A plurality of first racks 9.11 are circumferentially arranged below the wall of the second base cylinder 9.1 at intervals, and a first tooth hole 9.12 is formed between every two adjacent first racks 9.11; a plurality of second racks 9.21 are circumferentially arranged above the cylinder wall of the second movable cylinder sleeve 9.2 at intervals, and a second tooth hole 9.22 is formed between every two adjacent second racks 9.21; the second movable cylinder sleeve 9.2 can move upwards under the action of pressure, so that the second rack 9.21 and the first rack 9.11 are respectively embedded into the first tooth hole 9.12 and the second tooth hole 9.22.

In the technical scheme, a first annular plate 9.13 is circumferentially arranged on the outer wall of the top end of the second base barrel 9.1, and the first annular plate 9.13 is abutted against the bottom end of the sealing box 5; and a second ring plate 9.23 is circumferentially arranged on the outer wall of the bottom end of the second movable cylinder sleeve 9.2, and a plurality of through holes 9.24 are circumferentially arranged on the second ring plate 9.23 at intervals.

In the above technical solution, the inner wall of the piston cylinder inner sleeve 2 is provided with an annular mounting seat 2.1, and the second ring plate 9.23 of the second movable cylinder sleeve 9.2 abuts against the annular mounting seat 2.1 in a free state to seal the through hole 9.24. The middle part of the piston rod 3 is provided with an annular bulge 3.1, the annular bulge 3.1 is provided with a belleville spring 10, and the belleville spring 10 can be driven by the piston rod 3 to move upwards so as to drive the second movable cylinder sleeve 9.2 to move upwards.

The utility model discloses a theory of operation:

the working principle of the compression variable damping mechanism is as follows: when the variable damping shock absorption device is subjected to impact load, the impact force of an upper piston is transmitted to the first movable cylinder sleeve 8.2, the first movable cylinder sleeve 8.2 moves downwards, the liquid pressure in the oil cylinder is increased at the moment, the increased pressure can extrude oil liquid in the cylinder, the oil liquid is extruded out from a pressure relief seam on the wall of the first movable cylinder sleeve 8.2, the oil liquid moves radially relative to the pressure relief seam at the moment, then the oil liquid is extruded to the upper part through a circulation port 8.7 on the periphery of a cylinder cover 8.4 on the top of the first movable cylinder sleeve 8.2, the oil liquid moves axially relative to the circulation port 8.7 on the periphery and finally returns to the piston cylinder; the oil passes through the pressure relief gap under the pressure action each time, the energy of external impact load is consumed in a damping mode, namely the kinetic energy of the liquid passing through the pressure relief gap is consumed.

Mechanism for realizing variable damping of compression variable damping mechanism: the fluid is extruded and then consumes mechanical energy through these pressure release joints under the effect of external pressure, the design has the pressure release joint unit of vertical arrangement and interval arrangement that differs in length on the cylinder wall of the first movable cylinder liner 8.2 of this movable cylinder liner, the length and the interval of these pressure release joint units have decided the damping and can be adjusted the size by oneself according to external impact load size, the similar effect that meets strong then of performance, impact load is big, the damping is just big, can consume impact energy more, be favorable to mechanical structure's stability and safety more. Preferably, in the present embodiment, three types of pressure relief gap lengths (the first pressure relief gap 8.61, the second pressure relief gap 8.62, and the third pressure relief gap 8.63) are designed on the first movable cylinder liner 8.2, and the lengths are designed to be equal difference lengths in three stages, which are 1/3L, 2/3L, and 3/3L, respectively, where L is assumed to be the cylinder length of the first movable cylinder liner 8.2, and different pressure relief gap lengths are the key to achieve variable damping. For example, a damping-variable mechanism is illustrated, and it is assumed that when the first movable cylinder sleeve 8.2 is pushed by the piston of the upper cylinder to move downward, as shown in fig. 1 to 6, the first base cylinder 8.1 and the first movable cylinder sleeve 8.2 move in opposite directions and in opposite displacement, and when the displacement starts to move from an original position to a range of the length of the cylinder sleeve 1/3, along with the displacement, the first base cylinder 8.1 gradually shields a pressure relief gap of the first movable cylinder sleeve 8.2 in the range, and the pressure relief gap participating in pressure relief is linearly reduced from 100% to 50%, that is, 50% of the pressure relief gaps participate in damping consumption in the range; if the impact of the load is not consumed at this time, the piston of the damper continues to compress the variable damping mechanism, the first base cylinder 8.1 continues to shield the pressure relief slot in the range of 1/3-2/3 of the first movable cylinder sleeve 8.2, the shielded area of the pressure relief slot is increased from 1/2 to 5/6, the damping is further increased, if the external impact load is not consumed, only 1/6 of all the pressure relief slots participates in damping consumption from the last 1/3 compression stroke, conversely, along with the opposite movement and relative displacement of the first base cylinder 8.1 and the first movable cylinder sleeve 8.2, the whole variable damping is linearly increased from 0 to 2 times, then from 2 to 6 times, and finally from 6 to a limit value, the limit value can be calculated according to the maximum bearable impact load of the whole damper design, the variable damper solves the problem of high-load impact stability, the damping value of the whole impact process is adaptively adjusted according to displacement generated by external impact, and the larger the impact is, the larger the compression stroke is, and the larger the damping value is. In addition, compare in the continuous hole punching formula of similar thinking and become damping sleeve structure, pressure release seam formula advantage is as follows: (1) the oil pressure can be slightly and elastically deformed to release pressure under the working condition of over-design load, the narrow slit can be hydraulically split when the oil pressure is too high, the width of the narrow slit is locally enlarged, and the original width of the narrow slit can be restored after the oil pressure is released, so that the oil pressure-releasing oil pump has certain overload working capacity; (2) if the hole type pressure relief is not well processed, one-dimensional hole flow can cause cylinder wall resonance during pressure relief, and metal materials can generate squeaking or whistle-like sound to influence safety (the reason that the whistle sound event is accelerated in the cvt gearbox of the Toyota car belongs to the reason that the metal material resonance is generated in circular hole outflow due to poor design consideration); (3) the seam type pressure relief can ensure real-time linear change of the pressure relief area, and is beneficial to control.

The variable pitch spring of the compression variable damping mechanism is also an important part, namely, provides elastic reaction force when the first base cylinder 8.1 and the first movable cylinder sleeve 8.2 move relatively, and the variable pitch spring is adopted as another key of the utility model, and the characteristics of the variable pitch spring are matched with the variable damping principle, so that when the initial compression damping is small, the resistance of the spring is small, the oil in the oil cylinder obtains larger pressure, the flow rate of the oil flowing through the narrow slit is higher, and the consumed kinetic energy is more than that of the variable pitch spring; when the impact load is too large and the compression distance is larger, the variable-pitch spring can release larger resistance force than the equidistant spring, so that the variable-damping mechanism can release pressure stably in a large-damping state.

(II) the working principle of the stretching variable damping mechanism 9 is as follows: when the variable damping shock absorption device is subjected to tensile load, namely, the piston moves upwards and exceeds the stroke corresponding to the general tensile load, and then continues to move upwards, the annular bulge 3.1 on the piston rod can start to contact with the tensile variable damping mechanism 9 on the upper part, the annular bulge 3.1 is newly added on the traditional piston thrust rod and has the function of moving together with the piston rod, the load is transmitted to the tensile variable damping mechanism 9 during large tensile stroke, the structure of the annular bulge 3.1 is a concentric circle structure processed on the piston rod, and the upper part is sleeved with the belleville spring 10 for buffering the contact impact of the piston rod and the tensile variable damping mechanism 9 on the upper part.

The utility model discloses a tensile variable damping mechanism 9 is similar with above-mentioned compression variable damping mechanism 8, the utility model discloses a tensile variable damping mechanism 9 innovation point lies in designing into the tooth comb shape with second base section of thick bamboo 9.1 and second movable cylinder liner 9.2, follows the piston up stroke and promotes second movable cylinder liner 9.2 equidirectional motion, and the tooth hole of the tooth comb shape that second base section of thick bamboo 9.1 and second movable cylinder liner 9.2 imbed each other is the gradual closure form, and the load is big more, and the piston stroke is long more, and the tooth hole of second base section of thick bamboo 9.1 and second movable cylinder liner 9.2 is little, and the damping is big more, realizes variable damping; the design has the advantages that different from the compression variable damping mechanism 8 at the lower part, a piston rod passes through the middle of the tension variable damping mechanism 9, so that a large volume is occupied, and no enough space is formed to be a sleeve structure like the compression variable damping mechanism 8, so that the tooth comb structure with the same diameter is designed, and the spring 9.3 is arranged outside the structure, so that the space is further saved; the opening and closing of the tooth comb gap are changed completely and linearly, the control is easier, and oil pressure released from tooth holes among the variable tooth combs overflows from through holes 9.24 of a second annular plate 9.23 of the movable second movable cylinder sleeve 9.2 and returns to the piston oil cylinder.

The utility model discloses a variable damping device has designed two sets of variable damping mechanism (compression variable damping mechanism 8 and tensile variable damping mechanism 9), piston large stroke compression and tensile operating mode respectively have one set of variable damping promptly, external load when whole attenuator receives is in little stroke compression and tensile operating mode, external impact load shows the pressure of less range and when drawing the lining promptly, the piston shows to move between the hydro-cylinder between two sets of variable attenuator, consume kinetic energy through the clearing hole on the piston, the damping performance is unchangeable. The utility model discloses a variable damping device has realized compression and tensile variable damping and has adjusted, is favorable to performance mechanical damper variable operating mode function, and structural reliability is high, possesses and promotes spreading value.

While the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the detailed description and drawings are not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, but rather, the invention is to cover all modifications and equivalents falling within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a variable damping device, includes piston cylinder outer sleeve (1), sets up piston cylinder inner skleeve (2) in piston cylinder outer sleeve (1), wears to locate piston rod (3) in piston cylinder inner skleeve (2) and sets up piston piece (4) in piston rod (3) bottom, its characterized in that: the top of the piston cylinder inner sleeve (2) is hermetically connected with the top of the piston cylinder outer sleeve (1) through a sealing box (5), and the bottom of the piston cylinder inner sleeve (2) is provided with a circulation hole (6);

compressed air is filled in a containing cavity (7) formed between the piston cylinder outer sleeve (1) and the piston cylinder inner sleeve (2), damping oil is filled in the piston cylinder inner sleeve (2), a through hole (4.1) for the circulation of the damping oil is formed in the piston sheet (4), and the damping oil can flow downwards under the action of pressure and pass through a circulation hole (6) in the bottom of the piston cylinder inner sleeve (2) to enter the containing cavity (7) to be communicated with the compressed air;

the variable damping device is characterized in that a compression variable damping mechanism (8) is arranged at the bottom of the piston cylinder inner sleeve (2), and a stretching variable damping mechanism (9) is arranged on the piston rod (3) and positioned at the upper part of the piston cylinder inner sleeve (2).

2. The variable damping shock absorbing device according to claim 1, wherein: the compression variable damping mechanism (8) comprises a first base cylinder (8.1) and a first movable cylinder sleeve (8.2), the bottom end of the first base cylinder (8.1) is fixedly arranged at the inner sleeve (2) of the piston cylinder and communicated with a circulation hole (6) of the first base cylinder, the first movable cylinder sleeve (8.2) is sleeved outside the first base cylinder (8.1) and can slide up and down relative to the outer wall of the first base cylinder under the action of pressure, and a variable-pitch spring (8.3) is arranged in an inner cavity formed between the first base cylinder (8.1) and the first movable cylinder sleeve (8.2).

3. The variable damping shock absorbing device according to claim 2, wherein: the cylinder cover (8.4) is arranged at the top end of the first movable cylinder sleeve (8.2), a ring cover (8.5) is circumferentially arranged on the outer wall of the bottom end of the first movable cylinder sleeve (8.2), and a plurality of groups of pressure relief seam units (8.6) are circumferentially arranged on the outer wall of the first movable cylinder sleeve (8.2) at intervals.

4. The variable damping shock absorbing device according to claim 3, wherein: the outer rings of the cylinder cover (8.4) and the ring cover (8.5) are provided with a plurality of flow ports (8.7) at intervals along the circumferential direction; each set of pressure relief seam units (8.6) comprises a first pressure relief seam (8.61), a second pressure relief seam (8.62) and a third pressure relief seam (8.63) which are arranged at equal intervals in sequence.

5. The variable damping shock absorbing device according to claim 4, wherein: the length of the first pressure relief seam (8.61) is 1/3 of the length of the third pressure relief seam (8.63); the length of the second pressure relief seam (8.62) is 2/3 of the length of the third pressure relief seam (8.63).

6. The variable damping shock absorbing device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the stretching variable damping mechanism (9) comprises a second base cylinder (9.1) and a second movable cylinder sleeve (9.2), the cylinder wall of the second movable cylinder sleeve (9.2) can be embedded into the cylinder wall of the second base cylinder (9.1) under the action of pressure to move up and down relative to the cylinder wall, and a spring (9.3) is sleeved on the outer rings of the second base cylinder (9.1) and the second movable cylinder sleeve (9.2).

7. The variable damping shock absorbing device according to claim 6, wherein: a plurality of first racks (9.11) are circumferentially arranged below the wall of the second base cylinder (9.1) at intervals, and a first tooth hole (9.12) is formed between every two adjacent first racks (9.11);

a plurality of second racks (9.21) are arranged above the cylinder wall of the second movable cylinder sleeve (9.2) at intervals in the circumferential direction, and a second tooth hole (9.22) is formed between every two adjacent second racks (9.21);

the second movable cylinder sleeve (9.2) can move upwards under the action of pressure, so that the second rack (9.21) and the first rack (9.11) are correspondingly embedded into the first tooth hole (9.12) and the second tooth hole (9.22) respectively.

8. The variable damping shock absorbing device according to claim 7, wherein: a first annular plate (9.13) is arranged on the outer wall of the top end of the second base barrel (9.1) in the circumferential direction, and the first annular plate (9.13) is abutted against the bottom end of the sealing box (5);

and a second annular plate (9.23) is arranged on the outer wall of the bottom end of the second movable cylinder sleeve (9.2) in the circumferential direction, and a plurality of through holes (9.24) are formed in the second annular plate (9.23) at intervals in the circumferential direction.

9. The variable damping shock absorbing device according to claim 8, wherein: the inner wall of the piston cylinder inner sleeve (2) is provided with an annular mounting seat (2.1), and a second annular plate (9.23) of the second movable cylinder sleeve (9.2) is abutted against the annular mounting seat (2.1) in a free state so as to seal the through hole (9.24).

10. The variable damping shock absorbing device of claim 9, wherein: an annular bulge (3.1) is arranged in the middle of the piston rod (3), a butterfly spring (10) is arranged on the annular bulge (3.1), and the butterfly spring (10) can move upwards under the driving of the piston rod (3) to drive the second movable cylinder sleeve (9.2) to move upwards.

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