CN212298950U

CN212298950U - Biomass boiler

Info

Publication number: CN212298950U
Application number: CN202020976519.4U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 聂晓峰; 张艺馨
Original assignee: Lvwei Shandong Environmental Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Lvwei Shandong Environmental Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-06-01
Filing date: 2020-06-01
Publication date: 2021-01-05
Anticipated expiration: 2030-06-01

Abstract

The utility model relates to a biomass boiler, which comprises a furnace and a feeding mechanism, wherein a main combustion chamber and a heat exchange chamber are formed in the furnace, the main combustion chamber is provided with a feed inlet and a first exhaust port, a plurality of groups of heat exchange pipes are arranged in the heat exchange chamber, heat exchange pipes are arranged at intervals and form heat exchange gaps, one end of each heat exchange pipe is connected with the first exhaust port, the other end of each heat exchange pipe is communicated with a second exhaust port, the second exhaust port is communicated with a tail gas treatment mechanism, the feeding mechanism comprises a hopper and an auger which is obliquely arranged, the hopper is communicated with a feed end of the auger, and a discharge end of the auger is communicated with; the main combustion chamber is internally provided with an opening and closing plate with a section not smaller than the feed inlet, the opening and closing plate is rotatably connected to the side wall of the main combustion chamber through a rotating shaft, the side wall of the main combustion chamber is provided with a gear transmission piece for driving the rotating shaft to circumferentially reciprocate, and the outer side of the hearth is provided with a linkage piece for realizing linkage of the gear transmission piece and the auger. The utility model discloses have the fuel transportation in-process, reduce feed inlet department fuel burning probability, guarantee boiler operation safety's effect.

Description

Biomass boiler

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of heating equipment's technique and specifically relates to a biomass boiler is related to.

Background

At present, a biomass boiler is a classification of boilers, namely a boiler taking biomass energy as fuel.

Biomass refers to various organisms produced by photosynthesis using the atmosphere, water, land, and the like, and all living organic substances that can grow are generally called biomass. The biomass mainly refers to lignocellulose (lignin for short) such as straws and trees except grains and fruits in the production process of agriculture and forestry, leftovers in the processing industry of agricultural products, agricultural and forestry wastes, livestock and poultry manure and wastes in the production process of animal husbandry, and the like.

The traditional Chinese patent with publication number CN106196584A discloses a biomass boiler, which comprises a main combustion chamber, a heat exchange chamber and a feeding mechanism, wherein the main combustion chamber is provided with a feeding hole, a water inlet and a first smoke exhaust hole, a plurality of groups of heat exchange tubes are arranged in the heat exchange chamber, the heat exchange tubes are arranged at intervals to form heat exchange gaps, and the heat exchange gaps are communicated with the water inlet; the feeding mechanism comprises a hopper and an automatic feeding auger, the feeding end of the automatic feeding auger is connected with the hopper, the discharging end of the automatic feeding auger is connected with a feeding port, fuel such as straw is stored in the hopper and conveyed to the main combustion chamber through the automatic feeding auger to be combusted, and the heat of the combustion exchanges heat with water through the heat exchange chamber, so that the heating work of the water is realized.

The above prior art solutions have the following drawbacks: when the auger conveys fuel, the fuel falls into the main combustion chamber from the upper part of the main combustion chamber, although the fuel is convenient to scatter in the falling process and is convenient to be fully combusted, when the fuel is combusted in the main combustion chamber, sparks are easy to fly under the action of wind power and in the smoke exhaust process, the fuel belongs to inflammable matters, the sparks are easy to contact with the fuel at the feed inlet, the fuel at the feed inlet is directly combusted, especially when the auger stops conveying work, the fuel at the feed inlet is combusted, and the stored material combustion in the auger or even a hopper is possibly extended.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims at providing a biomass boiler, have in fuel transportation process, reduce feed inlet department fuel combustion probability, guarantee boiler operation safety's effect.

The above utility model discloses an above-mentioned utility model purpose can realize through following technical scheme:

a biomass boiler comprises a hearth, a feeding mechanism and a tail gas treatment mechanism, wherein a main combustion chamber and a heat exchange chamber are formed in the hearth, the main combustion chamber is provided with a feeding hole and a first exhaust port, a plurality of groups of heat exchange pipes are arranged in the heat exchange chamber, the heat exchange pipes are arranged at intervals to form heat exchange gaps, one end of each heat exchange pipe is connected with the first exhaust port, the other end of each heat exchange pipe is communicated with a second exhaust port, the second exhaust port is communicated with the tail gas treatment mechanism, the feeding mechanism comprises a hopper and an auger which is obliquely arranged, the hopper is positioned at the auger feeding end and is communicated with the auger feeding end, and the auger discharging end is communicated with the; the furnace is characterized in that a starting and closing plate with a section not smaller than the feeding port is arranged in the main combustion chamber, the starting and closing plate is rotatably connected to the side wall of the main combustion chamber through a rotating shaft, a gear transmission member for driving the rotating shaft to circumferentially reciprocate is arranged on the side wall of the main combustion chamber, and a linkage member for realizing linkage of the gear transmission member and the auger is arranged on the outer side of the furnace.

By adopting the technical scheme, the fuel is conveyed into the main combustion chamber through the feeding mechanism for combustion, the high-temperature flue gas after combustion enters the heat exchange tubes and is conveyed into the tail gas treatment mechanism for treating the flue gas, and when the flue gas is in the heat exchange tubes, water is injected into heat exchange gaps among the heat exchange tubes, so that the high-temperature flue gas in the heat exchange tubes heats the water to form steam;

above-mentioned in-process, the fuel in the hopper falls into in the auger, carry through the auger with the fuel through the discharging pipe, the feed inlet falls into to combustion-supporting indoor, in the auger working process, under the linkage effect of auger and gear drive spare was realized to the linkage spare, order about to open and close the board and continuously do the work that the upset opened and shut the feed inlet, make its fuel fall into the in-process in the main combustion chamber through the feed inlet, open and close the board and reciprocate and open and close the feed inlet, can avoid feed inlet department fuel to take place the burning to the at utmost, thereby avoid the storage in the auger even the hopper to take place the burning, can guarantee the lasting normal.

The present invention may be further configured in a preferred embodiment as: the gear transmission part comprises a first gear and a rack, the first gear is coaxially fixed with the rotating shaft, the rack is meshed with the first gear, a sliding groove only allowing the rack to vertically displace is formed in the side wall of the main combustion chamber, and a screw rod transmission part driving the rack to displace is arranged in the main combustion chamber.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the spout can play the guide effect to the rack, makes its rack only can do vertical displacement work to under the drive effect of lead screw driving medium, order about the vertical reciprocating displacement of rack, and then can realize opening and closing the reciprocal upset work of board under the meshing effect of rack and gear one, open or close the feed inlet.

The present invention may be further configured in a preferred embodiment as: the screw rod transmission part comprises a transmission block fixed on a rack and far away from one side of a gear, the longitudinal section of the transmission block is arranged in an isosceles trapezoid shape with the lower bottom facing one side of the rack, an adjusting channel communicated with a sliding groove and used for linear displacement of the transmission block is formed in the side wall of a main combustion chamber, a first displacement block and a second displacement block are respectively arranged on two sides of the adjusting channel corresponding to the inclined plane of the transmission block, the first displacement block and the second displacement block are respectively abutted to two inclined planes of the transmission block, a first reciprocating screw rod and a second reciprocating screw rod which are perpendicular to the rack are further rotatably connected in the adjusting channel, through holes for the first reciprocating screw rod and the second reciprocating screw rod to pass through are respectively formed in the first displacement block and the second displacement block, and balls in threaded fit with the first reciprocating screw rod and.

By adopting the technical scheme, the first reciprocating screw rod and the second reciprocating screw rod respectively penetrate through the first displacement block and the second displacement block, and the balls in the first displacement block and the second displacement block are inserted into the reciprocating threads in the first reciprocating screw rod and the second reciprocating screw rod, so that the first displacement block and the second displacement block can be driven to synchronously and reversely displace, and are abutted against two inclined planes of the transmission block in the first displacement block and the second displacement block, so that the vertical displacement of the rack can be realized, and the rack can be stably limited in a state that the first displacement block and the second displacement block are always abutted against the two inclined planes of the transmission block;

meanwhile, due to the characteristics of the first reciprocating screw rod and the second reciprocating screw rod, the first reciprocating screw rod and the second reciprocating screw rod can guide the ball only by rotating in the same direction, so that the ball can do linear reciprocating motion along the first reciprocating screw rod and the second reciprocating screw rod, and the linear reciprocating displacement of the first displacement block and the second displacement block is realized.

The present invention may be further configured in a preferred embodiment as: and the first reciprocating screw rod and the second reciprocating screw rod are respectively and coaxially fixed with a second gear which is meshed with each other, and one end of the first reciprocating screw rod extends to the outer side of the hearth and is connected with the linkage piece.

By adopting the technical scheme, the synchronous reverse rotation work of the first reciprocating screw rod and the second reciprocating screw rod is realized by utilizing the second gears which are meshed with each other, and the synchronous reverse displacement work of the first displacement block and the second displacement block can be realized only by the linkage of the auger and the first reciprocating screw rod through the linkage part, so that the opening and closing work of the opening and closing plate is realized.

The present invention may be further configured in a preferred embodiment as: the linkage piece comprises a gear III which is coaxially arranged with one end of the reciprocating screw rod I, a gear IV which is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the hearth, and a toothed belt which is wound on the outer sides of the gear III and the gear IV and is meshed with the gear III and the gear IV; the spiral dabber one end of auger extends to outside the auger casing and this end is coaxial to be fixed with bevel gear one, the auger outer wall rotates and is connected with bevel gear two with bevel gear one meshing, coaxial coupling is connected with between bevel gear two and the gear four.

By adopting the technical scheme, the toothed belt is wound on the third gear and the fourth gear, so that synchronous rotation work of the third gear and the fourth gear is realized, synchronous rotation of the spiral mandrel and the universal coupling is realized by matching the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear, and meanwhile, the spiral mandrel can drive the fourth gear to rotate due to the coaxial connection of the other end of the universal coupling and the fourth gear, so that linkage work of the auger and the opening and closing plate is realized;

in the process, the auger is in an inclined state, so that the auger can keep synchronous rotation work of the gear four and the bevel gear two which are not on the same axis by utilizing the characteristic of the universal coupling.

The present invention may be further configured in a preferred embodiment as: the turning angle range of the opening and closing plate is 0-90 degrees.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, open and close the board and only need seal the feed inlet at vertical state, or overturn 90 and the feed inlet is perpendicular can open the feed inlet completely, makes it only do the circumferential direction of quarter, can satisfy the work of opening and close the feed inlet, does not influence the transport work of fuel.

The present invention may be further configured in a preferred embodiment as: the upper end and the lower end of each heat exchange tube are respectively communicated with a first ash removal chamber and a second ash removal chamber, the first ash removal chamber and the second ash removal chamber are divided into a plurality of independent ash removal units, and the first ash removal chamber and the second ash removal chamber are respectively communicated with adjacent heat exchange tubes to form a U-shaped smoke discharge unit; the first smoke outlet is arranged on the ash removal unit of the first ash removal chamber close to one side of the main combustion chamber, and the second smoke outlet is arranged on the ash removal unit of the first ash removal chamber far away from one side of the main combustion chamber.

By adopting the technical scheme, the flue gas enters the heat exchange tube after being subjected to partial dust treatment in the first dust removal chamber, and then is subjected to dust removal in the second dust removal chamber, and the flue gas circulates in the first dust removal chamber, the heat exchange tube and the second dust removal chamber in such a way and is discharged through the second smoke outlet, so that the flue gas can heat water, meanwhile, the dust in the flue gas can be reduced, and the pollution to the atmosphere caused by the direct discharge of the flue gas is reduced.

The present invention may be further configured in a preferred embodiment as: the tail gas treatment mechanism comprises a cyclone separator and a collection box, the cyclone separator is communicated with the second smoke exhaust port through a pipeline, and the collection box is located below the cyclone separator.

By adopting the technical scheme, the cyclone separator is utilized to separate and remove dust along the cyclone separator, so that the pollution of the smoke emission to the atmosphere is reduced; simultaneously, the dust contained in the smoke is separated, and the dust is stored in the collecting box, so that the dust is convenient to treat.

To sum up, the utility model discloses a beneficial technological effect does:

1. in the fuel conveying process, the opening and closing plate is turned over along with the operation of the packing auger, so that the opening and closing plate can continuously open and close the feed port, thereby avoiding the fuel at the feed port from being combusted due to sparks to the maximum extent and ensuring that the boiler can continuously and normally operate for a long time;

2. the first displacement block and the second displacement block are respectively abutted against the two inclined surfaces of the transmission block, so that the first displacement block and the second displacement block are in synchronous reverse displacement, vertical reciprocating displacement of the rack can be realized, and the turning opening work of the opening and closing plate is realized under the meshing action of the rack and the first gear.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a partial structure of the main combustion chamber and the packing auger of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view at A in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the linkage of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the gear drive of FIG. 2;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged schematic view at B in FIG. 5;

fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the first reciprocating screw rod and the second reciprocating screw rod in fig. 5.

In the figure, 1, a hearth; 11. a main combustion chamber; 12. a heat exchange chamber; 2. a hopper; 3. a packing auger; 31. a housing; 32. a helical mandrel; 33. a motor; 4. a tail gas treatment mechanism; 41. a cyclone separator; 42. a collection box; 5. a discharge pipe; 6. a feed inlet; 7. a gear transmission member; 71. a first gear; 72. a rack; 73. a chute; 8. a screw rod transmission part; 81. a transmission block; 82. adjusting the channel; 83. a first displacement block; 84. a second displacement block; 85. a first inclined plane; 86. a second inclined plane; 87. a first reciprocating screw rod; 88. a second reciprocating screw rod; 89. a first guide post; 810. a second guide post; 811. a ball bearing; 812. a second gear; 9. a linkage member; 91. a third gear; 92. a fourth gear; 93. a toothed belt; 94. a first bevel gear; 95. a second bevel gear; 96. a universal coupling; 10. a shutter plate; 101. a rotating shaft; 102. a mounting seat; 21. a heat exchange pipe; 22. a heat exchange gap; 23. a first exhaust port; 24. a second smoke exhaust port; 25. a first ash cleaning chamber; 26. and a second ash cleaning chamber.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to fig. 1, the biomass boiler disclosed by the utility model comprises a furnace 1, a feeding mechanism and a tail gas treatment mechanism 4, wherein a main combustion chamber 11 and a heat exchange chamber 12 are formed in the furnace 1, a feed inlet 6 which penetrates through is arranged on the side wall of the main combustion chamber 11, which is far away from the heat exchange chamber 12, and the feeding mechanism is connected with the feed inlet 6 to realize the conveying work of fuel; a plurality of groups of heat exchange tubes 21 which are parallel to each other are arranged in the heat exchange chamber 12, and heat exchange gaps 22 are formed between adjacent heat exchange tubes 21; the upper end and the lower end of each heat exchange tube 21 are respectively communicated with a first ash removal chamber 25 and a second ash removal chamber 26, the first ash removal chamber 25 and the second ash removal chamber 26 are respectively formed by a plurality of ash removal units, and each ash removal unit is communicated with two adjacent heat exchange tubes 21, so that the sections of the first ash removal chamber 25, the second ash removal chamber 26 and the heat exchange tubes 21 form a continuous U shape; a first smoke outlet 23 is formed in the ash removal unit on one side, close to the main combustion chamber 11, of the ash removal chamber I25, and the first smoke outlet 23 is communicated with the main combustion chamber 11; a second smoke outlet 24 is formed in the ash removal unit on one side, away from the main combustion chamber 11, of the ash removal chamber I25, and the second smoke outlet 24 is communicated with the tail gas treatment mechanism 4; when fuel is combusted, the generated flue gas enters the heat exchange tube 21 and is discharged to the tail gas treatment mechanism 4 for treatment, and in the flue gas circulation process, the flue gas exchanges heat with water in the heat exchange gap 22 to heat the water.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the feeding mechanism includes an inclined packing auger 3, the packing auger 3 includes a housing 31 and a spiral spindle 32 rotatably connected in the housing 31, a spiral blade is fixed on the outer wall of the spiral spindle 32, a motor 33 is fixed on the lower side of the housing 31, and the motor 33 and the spiral spindle 32 are coaxially fixed to realize the rotation of the spiral blade. The upper side of the lower side of the shell 31 is provided with a hopper 2, the hopper 2 is communicated with the shell 31, the lower side of the higher side of the shell 31 is communicated with the feed inlet 6 through a discharge pipe 5, and the discharge pipe 5 is obliquely arranged towards one side of the main combustion chamber 11 and is lower than the other side.

The inner wall of the main combustion chamber 11 is provided with an opening and closing plate 10, the section of the opening and closing plate 10 is larger than the area of the feed inlet 6, the upper end of the opening and closing plate 10 is fixed with a rotating shaft 101, the main combustion chamber 11 is positioned at the upper end of the feed inlet 6 and is fixed with two mounting seats 102, the rotating shaft 101 is rotatably connected in the two mounting seats 102, and the feed inlet 6 is opened and closed in the rotating process of the opening and closing plate 10.

Referring to fig. 2 and 5, a gear transmission member 7 for driving the opening and closing plate 10 to turn is further arranged in the main combustion chamber 11, the gear transmission member 7 includes a first gear 71 coaxially fixed with the rotating shaft 101, a vertical sliding groove 73 is formed in the side wall of the main combustion chamber 11, a rack 72 is inserted in the sliding groove 73, the rack 72 is engaged with the first gear 71, and a middle section of the sliding groove 73 is communicated with the inner wall of the main combustion chamber 11 for the convex teeth of the rack 72 to move up and down; the side wall of the main combustion chamber 11 is also provided with a screw rod transmission piece 8 which drives the rack 72 to vertically displace.

Referring to fig. 5 and 6, the screw rod transmission member 8 includes a transmission block 81 fixed on one side of the rack 72 opposite to the first gear 71, a longitudinal section of the transmission block 81 is an isosceles trapezoid with a lower bottom fixed to the rack 72, so that a first inclined surface 85 and a second inclined surface 86 are formed at two ends of the transmission block in the length direction, and an adjusting channel 82 communicated with the sliding groove 73 and used for displacement of the transmission block 81 is formed inside the main combustion chamber 11; a first displacement block 83 and a second displacement block 84 are respectively arranged in the adjusting channel 82 corresponding to the first inclined plane 85 and the second inclined plane 86, a first reciprocating screw rod 87 and a second reciprocating screw rod 88 which are perpendicular to the rack 72 are further rotatably connected in the adjusting channel 82, through holes for the first reciprocating screw rod 87 and the second reciprocating screw rod 88 to pass through are respectively formed in the first displacement block 83 and the second displacement block 84, and balls 811 (refer to fig. 7) inserted in reciprocating threads on the first reciprocating screw rod 87 and the second reciprocating screw rod 88 are respectively fixed in the through holes; meanwhile, a first guide column 89 and a second guide column 810 which are parallel to the first reciprocating screw rod 87 are fixed on the inner wall of the adjusting channel 82, and through holes for the first guide column 89 and the second guide column 810 to pass through are respectively formed in the first displacement block 83 and the second displacement block 84, so that the first displacement block 83 and the second displacement block 84 can only do linear motion. In this embodiment, the first and second displacement blocks 83 and 84 move in opposite directions and simultaneously keep abutting against the first and second inclined surfaces 85 and 86.

The first reciprocating screw rod 87 and the second reciprocating screw rod 88 are respectively and coaxially fixed with a second gear 812 which is meshed with each other, one end of the first reciprocating screw rod 87 extends to the outer side of the hearth 1, and the first reciprocating screw rod 87 and the spiral mandrel 32 are in linkage work through a linkage part 9.

Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the linkage 9 comprises a gear three 91 coaxially fixed with one end of the reciprocating screw rod one 87 outside the hearth 1 and a gear four 92 rotatably connected outside the hearth 1, the gear three 91 and the gear four 92 are wound with a same toothed belt 93, and the toothed belt 93 is kept meshed with the gear three 91 and the gear four 92; the upper end of the spiral mandrel 32 of the auger 3 extends out of the shell 31, a first bevel gear 94 is coaxially fixed at the upper end, a second bevel gear 95 meshed with the first bevel gear 94 is rotatably connected at the upper end of the shell 31, and the second bevel gear 95 and a fourth bevel gear 92 are coaxially fixed into a whole through a universal coupling 96; in the rotation process of the spiral mandrel 32, the universal coupling 96 is driven to rotate, the gear four 92 and the gear three 91 are driven to rotate, and therefore the rotating force given to the reciprocating screw rod one 87 is achieved.

In this embodiment, the turning angle of the closing plate is 0 ° to 90 °, and the state in which the closing plate closes the feed port 6 is 0 °.

Referring to fig. 1, the tail gas treatment mechanism 4 includes a cyclone separator 41, the cyclone separator 41 is communicated with the second smoke outlet 24 through a pipeline, a collecting box 42 is disposed at a lower end of the cyclone separator 41, and dust separated by the cyclone separator 41 falls into the collecting box 42.

The implementation principle of the embodiment is as follows: when fuel is conveyed, the motor 33 drives the helical blade to rotate, the fuel falling into the shell 31 from the hopper 2 is conveyed, and the fuel is driven to fall into the main combustion chamber 11 through the feed pipe and the feed inlet 6 to be combusted; meanwhile, under the meshing action of a first bevel gear 94 and a second bevel gear 95, a universal coupling 96 and a fourth gear 92 are driven to rotate, a third gear 91 is driven to drive a first reciprocating screw rod 87 to rotate, under the meshing action of a second gear 812, a second reciprocating screw rod 88 is driven to synchronously rotate in the reverse direction of the first reciprocating screw rod 87, a first displacement block 83 and a second displacement block 84 are driven to synchronously displace in the reverse direction, under the abutting action of the first displacement block 83 and the second displacement block 84 and a first inclined plane 85 and a second inclined plane 86 of a transmission block 81 respectively, the transmission block 81 drives a rack 72 to vertically displace, and therefore under the meshing action of the rack 72 and the first gear 71, the closing plate is turned on and off the feed port 6.

The embodiment of this specific implementation mode is the preferred embodiment of the present invention, not limit according to this the utility model discloses a protection scope, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the utility model are covered within the protection scope of the utility model.

Claims

1. A biomass boiler comprises a hearth (1), a feeding mechanism and a tail gas treatment mechanism (4), wherein a main combustion chamber (11) and a heat exchange chamber (12) are formed in the hearth (1), the main combustion chamber (11) is provided with a feed inlet (6) and a first smoke outlet (23), a plurality of groups of heat exchange pipes (21) are arranged in the heat exchange chamber (12), the heat exchange pipes (21) are arranged at intervals and form heat exchange gaps (22), one end of each heat exchange pipe (21) is connected with a first smoke exhaust port (23), the other end of the tail gas inlet is communicated with a second smoke outlet (24), the second smoke outlet (24) is communicated with a tail gas treatment mechanism (4), the feeding mechanism comprises a hopper (2) and an auger (3) which is obliquely arranged, the hopper (2) is positioned at the feeding end of the auger (3) and is communicated with the feeding end of the auger (3), and the discharging end of the auger (3) is communicated with the feeding port (6) through a discharging pipe (5); the method is characterized in that: be provided with opening and close board (10) that the cross-section is not less than feed inlet (6) in main combustion chamber (11), open and close board (10) rotate through pivot (101) and connect on main combustion chamber (11) lateral wall, and main combustion chamber (11) lateral wall is provided with gear drive spare (7) of ordering about pivot (101) circumference reciprocating motion, furnace (1) outside is provided with linkage (9) of realizing gear drive spare (7) and auger (3) linkage.

2. A biomass boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that: the gear transmission piece (7) comprises a first gear (71) coaxially fixed with the rotating shaft (101) and a rack (72) meshed with the first gear (71), a sliding groove (73) only allowing the rack (72) to vertically displace is formed in the side wall of the main combustion chamber (11), and a screw rod transmission piece (8) driving the rack (72) to displace is arranged in the main combustion chamber (11).

3. A biomass boiler according to claim 2, characterized in that: screw rod driving medium (8) are including being fixed in drive block (81) that gear (71) one side was kept away from in rack (72), drive block (81) longitudinal section sets up towards the isosceles trapezoid of rack (72) one side for the lower bottom, main combustion chamber (11) lateral wall is seted up and is supplied drive block (81) straight line displacement's regulation passageway (82) with spout (73) intercommunication, the both sides that correspond drive block (81) inclined plane in regulation passageway (82) are provided with displacement piece (83), displacement piece two (84) respectively, displacement piece one (83), displacement piece two (84) respectively with two inclined plane butts of drive block (81), just it is connected with reciprocal lead screw (87), reciprocal lead screw two (88) that perpendicular rack (72) set up still to rotate in regulation passageway (82), reciprocal lead screw one (87) have been seted up respectively to displacement piece (83), displacement piece two (84) and has been supplied reciprocal lead screw (87), And the through hole is penetrated by the reciprocating screw rod II (88), and balls (811) which are in threaded fit with the reciprocating screw rod I (87) and the reciprocating screw rod II (88) are respectively arranged in the through hole.

4. A biomass boiler according to claim 3, characterized in that: and a first reciprocating screw rod (87) and a second reciprocating screw rod (88) are respectively and coaxially fixed with a second gear (812) which is meshed with each other, and one end of the first reciprocating screw rod (87) extends to the outer side of the hearth (1) and is connected with the linkage piece (9).

5. A biomass boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that: the linkage piece (9) comprises a gear III (91) which is coaxially arranged with one end of the reciprocating screw rod I (87), a gear IV (92) which is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the hearth (1), and a toothed belt (93) which is wound on the outer sides of the gear III (91) and the gear IV (92) and is meshed with the gear III (91) and the gear IV (92); the spiral dabber one end of auger (3) extends to outside auger (3) casing (31) and this end coaxial be fixed with bevel gear (94), auger (3) outer wall rotates and is connected with bevel gear two (95) with bevel gear (94) meshing, coaxial coupling (96) of being connected with between bevel gear two (95) and gear four (92).

6. A biomass boiler according to any of claims 1-5, characterized in that: the turning angle range of the opening and closing plate (10) is 0-90 degrees.

7. A biomass boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that: the upper end and the lower end of the heat exchange tube (21) are respectively communicated with a first ash removal chamber (25) and a second ash removal chamber (26), the first ash removal chamber (25) and the second ash removal chamber (26) are divided into a plurality of independent ash removal units, and the ash removal units are respectively communicated with adjacent heat exchange tubes (21) to form U-shaped smoke discharge units; the first smoke exhaust port (23) is arranged on the ash cleaning unit of the ash cleaning chamber I (25) close to one side of the main combustion chamber (11), and the second smoke exhaust port (24) is arranged on the ash cleaning unit of the ash cleaning chamber I (25) far away from one side of the main combustion chamber (11).

8. A biomass boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that: the tail gas treatment mechanism (4) comprises a cyclone separator (41) and a collection box (42), the cyclone separator (41) is communicated with the second smoke exhaust port (24) through a pipeline, and the collection box (42) is located below the cyclone separator (41).