CN212274014U - High-temperature ultrahigh-pressure once-reheating biomass grate boiler - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a high-temperature ultrahigh-pressure once-reheating biomass grate boiler, which comprises a flue connected with the outlet of a hearth, wherein the lower end parts of a second vertical flue and a third vertical flue are communicated through a vertical flue ash bucket or an ash bucket-like structure; the upper ends of the third flue and the fourth flue are connected through a horizontal flue; the hearth, the second flue, the third flue, the horizontal flue and the fourth flue are integrally arranged in a camel shape. The flue gas after the fuel combustion enters a second flue, a third flue, a horizontal flue and a fourth flue through an outlet at the upper part of the hearth to respectively exchange heat with a third-level superheater, a fourth-level superheater, a high-temperature reheater, a low-temperature reheater, a second-level superheater, a first-level superheater, an economizer and a feed water heater in a convection manner. The integral structure of the technical scheme is in a camel shape, which is beneficial to protecting the reheater from overtemperature; the multi-flue arrangement enables the flue gas flow to be longer, prolongs the retention time of hot flue gas in the boiler, is convenient for arrangement of the heating surface of the multi-stage superheater and improves the boiler efficiency.

Description

High-temperature ultrahigh-pressure once-reheating biomass grate boiler

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of biomass fuel boiler, especially, relate to a biomass grate boiler is once reheated to high temperature superhigh pressure.

Background

With the gradual improvement of environmental protection requirements and the development of boiler technology, the national support for renewable energy sources, especially biomass power generation, is more and more strong, and many companies transform and develop biomass power generation. The biomass fuel is rich in alkali metal elements such as potassium, sodium and the like and chlorine elements, so that ash generated after the biomass is combusted is easy to adhere and accumulate on a tail convection heating surface, further the convection heating surface is corroded, and particularly high-temperature corrosion is easy to occur on a superheater and a reheater with high wall temperature. Therefore, the method is particularly important for timely removing the dust on the tail heating surface. At present, a high-temperature high-pressure boiler or a boiler with lower parameters is adopted in a biomass power plant, the power generation efficiency of the biomass power plant is required to be higher and higher, in order to improve the power generation efficiency, the steam parameters of the boiler need to be improved, and the problems of high-temperature corrosion, soot accumulation on the heated surface and the like of a superheater and a reheater after the parameters are improved are more prominent. Especially, in the prior art, the flow of flue gas on the heating surface at the tail part of the boiler burning biomass is short, a large amount of fly ash in the flue gas can not be removed in time in the operation process of the boiler, and the arrangement of a superheater and a reheater after parameters are improved is difficult.

Disclosure of Invention

An object of the utility model is to overcome prior art not enough, provide a biomass grate boiler once reheat of high temperature superhigh pressure, can improve the steam parameter of boiler, make the generating efficiency improve to be favorable to in time cleaing away the boiler convection heating surface deposition, ensure that the boiler is long-term, high-efficient, the safe operation.

The utility model discloses a realize that the technical scheme that above-mentioned purpose adopted is:

the utility model provides a biomass grate boiler is once reheated to high temperature superhigh pressure, includes furnace, the flue that links to each other with furnace's export, and sets up over heater, economizer in the flue, the flue including consecutive second flue, third flue, fourth flue, the equal vertical setting of second flue, third flue, fourth flue, the import of second flue links to each other with furnace's export, the lower tip of the vertical flue of second and third is linked together through vertical flue ash bucket or type ash bucket structure, the lower extreme of fourth flue sets up boiler export ash bucket, its characterized in that: a reheater; the upper ends of the third flue and the fourth flue are connected through a horizontal flue; the hearth, the second flue, the third flue, the horizontal flue and the fourth flue are integrally arranged in a camel shape.

By adopting the technical scheme, the reheater is added, so that the steam parameters of the boiler can be improved, and the power generation efficiency is improved; the upper ends of the third flue and the fourth flue are connected through the horizontal flue, so that the flue gas flow is prolonged, the heat exchange is increased, and the heating surface of the multi-stage superheater is convenient to arrange; the smoke flow is longer through the arrangement of multiple flues, the retention time of hot smoke in the boiler is prolonged, and the boiler efficiency is further improved; and is beneficial to timely clearing away the dust on the convection heating surface of the boiler, and ensures the long-term, high-efficiency and safe operation of the boiler.

In the high-temperature ultrahigh-pressure primary reheating biomass grate boiler, the reheater comprises a low-temperature reheater and a high-temperature reheater; the superheater comprises a primary superheater, a secondary superheater, a tertiary superheater and a quaternary superheater;

the tertiary superheater is arranged at the upper part of the hearth;

the four-stage superheater and the high-temperature reheater are arranged in the second flue;

the low-temperature reheater and the secondary superheater are arranged in the third flue;

the primary superheater is arranged in the horizontal flue, and a horizontal flue ash hopper is correspondingly arranged at the lower part of the primary superheater and connected with the horizontal flue;

the economizer and the feed water heater are arranged in the fourth flue.

By adopting the technical scheme, the primary superheater is arranged in the horizontal flue, the lower part of the primary superheater is correspondingly provided with the horizontal flue dust hopper connected with the horizontal flue, meanwhile, the lower parts of the second flue and the third flue and the lower part of the water supply heater at the outlet of the boiler are respectively and uniformly provided with the independent dust hopper, during the operation process of the boiler, the dust adhered to the convection heating surfaces in the flues is blown down to the independent dust hoppers at the lower parts of the convection heating surfaces by the dust blowers, the dust blown down by the dust blowers can be removed in time, the secondary dust deposition of the next stage heating surface is avoided, and the problem of the dust deposition in the flues is effectively solved.

In the high-temperature ultrahigh-pressure once-reheating biomass grate boiler, the three-level superheater arranged at the upper part of the hearth comprises a three-level superheater low-temperature section and a three-level superheater high-temperature section, and the three-level superheater low-temperature section is positioned at the front part of the three-level superheater high-temperature section;

the four-stage superheater and the high-temperature reheater are arranged in the second flue, and the four-stage superheater is positioned in the front of the high-temperature reheater; the lower end of the high-temperature reheater extends downwards into a vertical flue ash bucket or an ash bucket-like structure;

the low-temperature reheater and the secondary superheater are arranged in the third flue, and the secondary superheater is positioned at the upper part of the low-temperature reheater;

the economizer is arranged in the fourth flue and is positioned at the upper part of the feed water heater.

By adopting the technical scheme, the high-temperature reheater is arranged at the rear part of the second flue, the low-temperature reheater is arranged at the lower part of the third flue, and the high-temperature reheater and the low-temperature reheater are arranged in the second flue and the third flue with lower flue gas temperature, so that the reheater can be protected;

the lower end of the high-temperature reheater extends downwards into the vertical flue ash bucket or the ash bucket-like structure to play a role of a slag condensation tube bundle, fly ash in flue gas is blocked to be primarily separated, and the separated fly ash is discharged out of the furnace through the ash bucket or the ash bucket-like structure, so that the fly ash carrying capacity of the flue gas entering the third flue and the tail flue is reduced, and the abrasion and the ash accumulation of a rear heating surface are reduced.

In the high-temperature ultrahigh-pressure once-reheating biomass grate boiler, the vertical flue ash bucket, the horizontal flue ash bucket and the boiler outlet ash bucket are made of heat-resistant steel frameworks and heat-insulating castable.

The ash buckets are mutually independent, so that ash is efficiently removed, and long-term, efficient and safe operation of the boiler is guaranteed.

The utility model has the advantages that:

1. the smoke flow of the conventional biomass-fired grate boiler is prolonged, and the integral structure is in a camel-shaped arrangement, so that the reheater can be protected from being overtemperature; the multi-flue arrangement enables the flue gas flow to be longer, prolongs the retention time of hot flue gas in the boiler, is convenient for arranging the heating surface of the multi-stage superheater and improves the boiler efficiency;

2. the lower part of the high-temperature reheater is suspended, naturally sags and is not fixed, so that the lower part of the high-temperature reheater can freely expand under the thermal state condition, thermal stress cannot be generated in the operation of the boiler, and the safe operation of the boiler is ensured;

3. the dust blocking effect is obvious, and the problem of dust accumulation of a tube panel of a reheater and a turning flue is effectively solved; particularly, the lower end parts of the two vertical flues are communicated through the ash buckets, so that the ash accumulation problem of the turning flue is further solved;

4. in the flue gas flow, a plurality of independent ash buckets are arranged, in the running process of the boiler, the ash adhered to each convection heating surface in the flue is blown down to the independent ash buckets at the lower part of each convection heating surface by an auxiliary ash blower, the ash blown down by the ash blower can be removed in time, the secondary ash deposition of the next stage heating surface is avoided, the fly ash can be removed in time and efficiently in the running process of the boiler, the phenomena of abrasion, corrosion, slag hanging, ash deposition and ash blockage of a superheater tube panel and a reheater tube panel are reduced, the structural reliability of the whole system is high, and the maintenance workload is small; the stability and the security of biomass boiler operation have been improved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the high-temperature ultrahigh-pressure once-reheating biomass grate boiler of the utility model.

In the figure: 1-boiler barrel, 2-feeding device, 3-hearth, 4-second flue, 5-third flue, 6-horizontal flue, 7-fourth flue, 8-fire grate, 9-first-level superheater, 10-second-level superheater, 11-third-level superheater low-temperature section, 12-fourth-level superheater, 13-third-level superheater high-temperature section, 14-high-temperature reheater, 15-low-temperature reheater, 16-vertical flue ash bucket, 17-horizontal flue ash bucket, 18-boiler outlet ash bucket, 19-economizer and 20-feedwater heater.

Detailed Description

In order to clearly illustrate the technical features of the present solution, the present invention is further described below by way of non-limiting examples with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to the attached drawing 1, a high temperature superhigh pressure once reheat biomass grate boiler, including furnace, the flue that links to each other with furnace's export, and set up over heater, the economizer in the flue, the flue including consecutive second flue, third flue, the fourth flue that links to each other in proper order, second flue, third flue, the equal vertical setting of fourth flue, the import of second flue links to each other with furnace's export, the lower tip of the vertical flue of second and the vertical flue of third is linked together through vertical flue ash bucket or class ash bucket structure, the lower extreme of fourth flue sets up boiler export ash bucket, its characterized in that: a reheater; the upper ends of the third flue and the fourth flue are connected through a horizontal flue; the hearth, the second flue, the third flue, the horizontal flue and the fourth flue are integrally arranged in a camel shape.

The reheater comprises a low-temperature reheater and a high-temperature reheater; the superheater comprises a primary superheater, a secondary superheater, a tertiary superheater and a quaternary superheater;

the three-level superheater is arranged at the upper part of the hearth and comprises a three-level superheater low-temperature section and a three-level superheater high-temperature section, and the three-level superheater low-temperature section is positioned at the front part of the three-level superheater high-temperature section;

the four-stage superheater and the high-temperature reheater are arranged in the second flue, and the four-stage superheater is positioned in the front of the high-temperature reheater; the lower end of the high-temperature reheater extends downwards into a vertical flue ash bucket or an ash bucket-like structure;

the low-temperature reheater and the secondary superheater are arranged in the third flue, and the secondary superheater is positioned at the upper part of the low-temperature reheater;

the primary superheater is arranged in the horizontal flue, and a horizontal flue ash hopper is correspondingly arranged at the lower part of the primary superheater and connected with the horizontal flue;

the economizer and the feed water heater are arranged in the fourth flue, and the economizer is positioned at the upper part of the feed water heater.

The vertical flue ash bucket, the horizontal flue ash bucket and the boiler outlet ash bucket are made of heat-resistant steel frameworks and heat-insulating casting materials. The ash buckets are mutually independent, so that ash is efficiently removed, and long-term, efficient and safe operation of the boiler is guaranteed.

The working process of the embodiment is as follows:

the fuel is fed into the hearth 3 by the screw feeder 2 for combustion, the flue gas after the fuel combustion enters the second flue 4, the third flue 5, the horizontal flue 6 and the fourth flue 7 through an outlet at the upper part of the hearth to be in convective heat exchange with the third-level superheater, the fourth-level superheater, the high-temperature reheater, the low-temperature reheater, the second-level superheater, the first-level superheater, the economizer and the feed water heater respectively, and the flue gas after the heat exchange finally enters the dust removal system through an outlet of the fourth flue and then is discharged into the atmosphere. Long telescopic steam soot blowers symmetrically arranged on the left side and the right side are arranged at the low-temperature reheater 15, the secondary superheater 10 and the primary superheater 9, and fixed rotary steam soot blowers symmetrically arranged on the left side and the right side are arranged at the economizer 19 and the feedwater heater 20. And during the normal operation of the boiler, starting a soot blowing system at regular time, sequentially starting soot blowers corresponding to the low-temperature reheater, the secondary superheater, the primary superheater, the economizer and the feed water heater, and removing accumulated soot on the heating surfaces of all stages into respective lower soot hoppers so as to discharge the soot out of the boiler at regular intervals.

The above-mentioned embodiments are only for understanding the present invention, and are not intended to limit the technical solutions of the present invention, and those skilled in the relevant art can make various changes or modifications based on the technical solutions described in the claims, and all equivalent changes or modifications should be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. The utility model provides a high temperature superhigh pressure is reheat biomass grate boiler once, includes furnace, the flue that links to each other with furnace's export, and sets up over heater, economizer in the flue, the flue including consecutive second flue, third flue, fourth flue, the equal vertical setting of second flue, third flue, fourth flue, the import of second flue links to each other with furnace's export, the vertical flue of second is linked together through vertical flue ash bucket with the lower tip of the vertical flue of third, the lower extreme of fourth flue sets up boiler outlet ash bucket, its characterized in that: a reheater; the upper ends of the third flue and the fourth flue are connected through a horizontal flue; the hearth, the second flue, the third flue, the horizontal flue and the fourth flue are integrally arranged in a camel shape.

2. The high-temperature ultrahigh-pressure once-reheat biomass grate boiler of claim 1 is characterized in that: the reheater comprises a low-temperature reheater and a high-temperature reheater; the superheater comprises a primary superheater, a secondary superheater, a tertiary superheater and a quaternary superheater;

the tertiary superheater is arranged at the upper part of the hearth;

the four-stage superheater and the high-temperature reheater are arranged in the second flue;

the low-temperature reheater and the secondary superheater are arranged in the third flue;

the primary superheater is arranged in the horizontal flue, and a horizontal flue ash hopper is correspondingly arranged at the lower part of the primary superheater and connected with the horizontal flue;

the economizer and the feed water heater are arranged in the fourth flue.

3. The high-temperature ultrahigh-pressure once-reheat biomass grate boiler of claim 2 is characterized in that: the tertiary superheater arranged on the upper part of the hearth comprises a tertiary superheater low-temperature section and a tertiary superheater high-temperature section, and the tertiary superheater low-temperature section is positioned in the front part of the tertiary superheater high-temperature section;

the four-stage superheater and the high-temperature reheater are arranged in the second flue, and the four-stage superheater is positioned in the front of the high-temperature reheater; the lower end of the high-temperature reheater extends downwards into a vertical flue ash hopper;

the low-temperature reheater and the secondary superheater are arranged in the third flue, and the secondary superheater is positioned at the upper part of the low-temperature reheater;

the economizer is arranged in the fourth flue and is positioned at the upper part of the feed water heater.

4. The high-temperature ultrahigh-pressure once-reheat biomass grate boiler of claim 1, 2 or 3 is characterized in that: the vertical flue ash bucket, the horizontal flue ash bucket and the boiler outlet ash bucket are made of heat-resistant steel frameworks and heat-preservation castable.

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