CN212267188U - PCM environmental control device of electric vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides an electric motor car PCM environmental control device, it belongs to pure electric vehicles environmental control system technical field. The system adopts PCM (phase change material) heat energy storage technology, and the stored heat energy provides heat energy for a cab heating system and a power battery heating system, so that the energy requirements of the cab heating and the power battery heating on the power battery are reduced in a low-temperature environment. Because the cab heating and the power battery heating do not depend on the electric heating of the power battery any more, the energy consumption and the use frequency of the power battery can be effectively reduced, and the cruising ability of the electric vehicle and the service life of the battery are further effectively improved.

Description

PCM environmental control device of electric vehicle

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of electric automobile environment control systems, particularly relates to the technical field of pure electric automobile environment control systems, and particularly relates to a PCM (pulse code modulation) environment control system of an electric automobile. The system adopts a PCM (phase change material) heat energy storage system to supply heat to a cab on the electric vehicle, and can heat the power battery in a low-temperature environment, so that the consumption of the electric vehicle environment control system to the energy of the power battery is reduced, and the cruising ability of the electric vehicle is improved.

Background

When the ambient temperature is lower in winter, the traditional internal combustion engine automobile can heat the cab in order to improve the comfort of passengers in the cab. In order to reduce energy consumption and improve vehicle fuel economy, the cab is heated by generally using waste heat of the engine, so that the heat dissipation requirement of the engine is met on one hand, and the heating requirement of the cab is also met on the other hand. This can be used in conventional internal combustion engine vehicles or in hybrid vehicles equipped with an internal combustion engine to heat the cabin.

Under the dual pressure of environmental pollution and energy crisis, the pure electric vehicle becomes a new energy vehicle type which is vigorously developed in all countries in the world. For a pure electric vehicle, the cab cannot be heated by using an internal combustion engine cooling system because a traditional internal combustion engine is not available. At present, for a pure electric vehicle, a power battery is generally adopted to supply power to an electric heater or a heat pump of a cab, the cab is heated, a large amount of electric energy needs to be consumed, and therefore the effective endurance mileage of the vehicle is shortened. For a lithium ion battery, when the temperature of the battery is low, the activity of the battery is obviously reduced, the internal resistance and the polarization voltage of the battery are increased, the actual available capacity is reduced, the discharge platform is low, and the battery can more easily reach the discharge cut-off voltage, which is expressed in that the available capacity of the battery is reduced and the energy utilization efficiency of the battery is reduced. Therefore, in order to improve the performance of the battery, the power battery pack needs to be heated at a low temperature, so that the performance of the power battery is optimized. The conventional temperature control system of the power battery adopts the power battery to supply power to heat the electric heater, so that the power battery is heated, the working temperature of the power battery is increased, and the working performance is improved. For a pure electric vehicle, no matter the cab is heated or the power battery is heated, the electric energy of the power battery is consumed for heating, so that the energy consumption of the power battery is greatly increased, the energy of the battery for driving is reduced, and the endurance mileage of the whole vehicle is reduced.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the technical problem that the endurance mileage of the whole vehicle is seriously reduced due to the large consumption of battery energy of the vehicle environment control system in the existing pure electric vehicle, the PCM environment control device of the electric vehicle is provided for the pure electric vehicle. The PCM environmental control device is additionally arranged on the vehicle, the PCM system is heated in the vehicle charging process, the PCM heat storage is used, and the PCM heat storage not only can provide heat for a cab, but also can heat the power battery in the vehicle running process. Compare traditional pure electric vehicles, use PCM environmental control device to replace power battery heating function, realize driver's cabin and power battery heating, very big reduction power battery's energy consumption, effectively prolonged pure electric vehicles's duration.

The PCM environmental control device of the pure electric vehicle can be designed into an independent module, the PCM environmental control device is convenient to install on the whole vehicle, a fluid joint of the module can be further designed into a quick-connection joint, the module is installed on the vehicle in winter, a heating heat source is provided for a cab and a power battery of the vehicle, and the module can be detached in other warmer seasons. The detachable mode can effectively reduce the running weight of the vehicle, further reduce the power consumption of the electric vehicle, save energy and improve the endurance mileage.

The utility model aims at realizing through the following technical scheme:

a pure electric vehicles PCM temperature heating system, this system mainly comprises triplex: PCM heating system, lithium cell temperature regulation system, air conditioning system. The PCM heating system comprises: the system comprises a PCM system circulating pump 1, a PCM control valve 2, a PCM heat exchanger 3, a cab heater fan 4, a cab heater 5, a power battery pack heater 6 and an electromagnetic valve 11. Lithium battery temperature regulation system includes: the device comprises a power battery heater 6, a power battery temperature control system water pump 7, a power battery 8, a power battery cooling cooler 10 and an electric control three-way valve 9. The air conditioning system includes: the air conditioner comprises an electromagnetic valve 11, an air conditioner evaporator 12, an air conditioner compressor 13, air conditioner air 14 and air conditioner condenser 15.

When the electric quantity of the vehicle power battery is insufficient, the electric vehicle is charged, and the PCM material in the PCM heat exchanger 3 can be heated through the external power supply device according to the requirement of the ambient temperature, so that the solid-to-liquid conversion is realized, and the PCM material absorbs a large amount of heat due to the phase change and stores the heat in the PCM heat exchanger 3. In winter, the cab needs to be heated, at the moment, the PCM system circulating pump 1 drives the working medium of the PCM heating system to flow, the cold working medium enters the PCM heat exchanger 3 to exchange heat with the hot PCM material, the hot working medium flows out of the PCM heat exchanger 3 to enter the cab heater 5 to heat the air in the cab, and the cab heater fan 4 drives the air in the cab to flow through the cab heater 5 so as to realize the circular heating of the air in the cab. The cold working medium after heat release enters the PCM heat exchanger 3 again through the PCM system circulating pump 1 to continuously exchange heat to form a loop. In the low temperature environment in winter, the power battery also needs to be heated, so that the reduction of the activity of the power battery and the reduction of the performance of the battery are prevented, and the power battery needs to be heated. A system connected with a cab heating system in parallel is designed in a PCM heating system, working media heated by a PCM heat exchanger 3 can enter a power battery heater 6 through an electromagnetic valve 11-c for heat exchange, cooling liquid of a power battery temperature control system is heated, the heated cooling liquid does not enter a power battery cooling cooler 10 under the regulation of an electric control three-way valve 9, the cooling liquid enters a power battery 8 through a by-pass passage for heating the power battery, and the heated cooling liquid is pressurized under the driving of a power battery temperature control system water pump 7 to form a circulation loop. When the temperature of the battery is too high, the battery needs to be cooled, the electromagnetic valve 11-c is closed, the electromagnetic valve 11-a is opened, the electric control three-way valve 9 closes a bypass of the power battery cooling cooler 10, the whole vehicle air conditioning system works, a refrigerant of the air conditioning system enters the power battery cooling cooler 10 through the electromagnetic valve 11-a to cool the power battery cooling liquid, the cold state cooling liquid enters the power battery 8 to cool the power battery, and the power battery cooling liquid with the increased temperature enters the power battery temperature control system water pump 7 to circulate. The utility model discloses fully considered the feasibility of making, assembly when the design, the suitability is strong.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a temperature control system for an electric vehicle;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the cab heating operation;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the heating operation of the power battery;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the cooling operation of the power battery;

in the figure:

1-PCM system circulation pump; 2-PCM control valves;

3-PCM heat exchangers; 4-cab heater fan;

5-cab heater; 6-power battery heater;

7-power battery temperature control system water pump; 8-a power battery;

9-power battery cooling cooler; 10-an electrically controlled three-way valve;

11-a solenoid valve; 12-air conditioning evaporator;

13-an air conditioning compressor; 14-air conditioning fan;

15-air conditioning condenser.

Detailed Description

The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings:

the system is divided into 4 working modes, which are respectively as follows: PCM heat storage mode, cab independent heating mode, cab and power battery concurrent heating mode and power battery cooling mode.

PCM heat storage mode: as shown in fig. 1, the vehicle is in a stop-charging state at this time. When the electric vehicle is charged, the PCM material in the PCM heat exchanger 3 can be heated by an external power supply device according to the requirement of the ambient temperature, so that the PCM material realizes the transformation from a solid state to a liquid state, and the PCM material absorbs a large amount of heat because of the phase change of the PCM material and stores the heat in the PCM heat exchanger 3.

Cab independent heating mode: during the running process of the pure electric vehicle in winter or in the weather with low ambient temperature, the cab is often required to be heated. As shown in fig. 2, at this time, the PCM system circulation pump 1 drives the working medium of the PCM heating system to flow, the cold working medium enters the PCM heat exchanger 3 to exchange heat with the hot PCM material, the hot working medium flows out of the PCM heat exchanger 3 to enter the cab heater 5 to heat the air in the cab, and the cab heater fan 4 drives the air in the cab to flow through the cab heater 5 to realize the circulation heating of the air in the cab. The cold working medium after heat release enters the PCM heat exchanger 3 again through the PCM system circulating pump 1 to continuously exchange heat to form a loop. At the moment, the electromagnetic valve 11-c is closed, the thermal state working medium does not pass through the power battery heater 6, and the power battery heater 6 is not heated.

Cab and power battery concurrent heating mode: when the ambient temperature is low, the power battery needs to be heated in order to ensure the performance of the power battery. As shown in fig. 3, a PCM system circulating pump 1 flows a working medium for driving a PCM heating system, a cold working medium enters a PCM heat exchanger 3 to exchange heat with a hot PCM material, a hot working medium flows out of the PCM heat exchanger 3 to enter a cab heater 5 to heat air in a cab, and a cab heater fan 4 drives the cab air to flow through the cab heater 5 to realize the cyclic heating of the cab air. The cold working medium after heat release enters the PCM heat exchanger 3 again through the PCM system circulating pump 1 to continuously exchange heat to form a loop. A system connected with a cab heating system in parallel is designed in a PCM heating system, working media heated by a PCM heat exchanger 3 can enter a power battery heater 6 through an electromagnetic valve 11-c for heat exchange, cooling liquid of a power battery temperature control system is heated, the heated cooling liquid does not enter a power battery cooling cooler 10 under the regulation of an electric control three-way valve 9, the cooling liquid enters a power battery 8 through a by-pass passage for heating the power battery, and the heated cooling liquid is pressurized under the driving of a power battery temperature control system water pump 7 to form a circulation loop.

Power battery cooling mode: when the temperature of the power battery is high, the power battery needs to be cooled through a power battery temperature control system, as shown in fig. 4, at this time, the electromagnetic valve 11-c is closed, the electromagnetic valve 11-a is opened, the electric control three-way valve 9 closes the bypass of the power battery cooling cooler 10, at this time, the whole vehicle air conditioning system works, the air conditioning system coolant enters the power battery cooling cooler 10 through the electromagnetic valve 11-a to cool the power battery coolant, the cold coolant enters the power battery 8 to cool the power battery, and the power battery coolant after the temperature is increased enters the power battery temperature control system water pump 7 to circulate.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions and not for limiting the same; although described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: modifications to the embodiments and equivalent replacements of parts of technical features may be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention, which is to be covered by the claims.

Claims (3)

1. The PCM environmental control device of the electric vehicle is characterized by comprising a PCM heating system, a lithium battery temperature adjusting system and an air conditioning system; the PCM heating system comprises: the system comprises a PCM system circulating pump, a PCM control valve, a PCM heat exchanger, a cab heater fan, a cab heater, a power battery pack heater and an electromagnetic valve; the lithium battery temperature regulation system comprises: the system comprises a power battery heater, a power battery temperature control system water pump, a power battery cooler and an electric control three-way valve; the air conditioning system comprises: the air conditioner comprises an electromagnetic valve, an air conditioner evaporator, an air conditioner compressor, an air conditioner fan and an air conditioner condenser; the electric energy is provided for the PCM heating system by the charger in the charging process of the electric vehicle, the prepared heat is stored in the PCM heating system, and the heat is released by the PCM heating system in the driving process of the vehicle to realize the functions of heating a cab and heating a power battery, so that the power battery is prevented from being used for providing energy for the cab and the power battery to heat, the energy consumption of the power battery is effectively reduced, and the endurance mileage of the pure electric vehicle is improved.

2. The PCM environment control device of the electric vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the PCM heating system adopts a parallel loop, one loop is used for heating the cab, the other loop is used for heating the power battery, the electromagnetic valve is arranged on the power battery heating loop, and when the electromagnetic valve is closed, only the cab heater is heated, so that the energy utilization rate is improved.

3. The PCM environmental control device of the electric vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the power battery cooler is bypassed by the electrically controlled three-way valve, so that the hot cooling liquid does not pass through the power battery cooler, thereby reducing heat loss and improving energy utilization rate.

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