CN212258775U - Discharge control device and electric control equipment of bus capacitor - Google Patents
Discharge control device and electric control equipment of bus capacitor Download PDFInfo
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- CN212258775U CN212258775U CN202021416042.0U CN202021416042U CN212258775U CN 212258775 U CN212258775 U CN 212258775U CN 202021416042 U CN202021416042 U CN 202021416042U CN 212258775 U CN212258775 U CN 212258775U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a bus capacitor's discharge control device and electrical equipment, the device includes: the discharging unit is connected in parallel with two ends of the bus capacitor and used for forming a discharging loop with the bus capacitor under the condition that the discharging unit is connected with the bus capacitor so as to discharge the bus capacitor through the discharging loop; in the control unit, the sampling unit is used for sampling the bus voltage to obtain a bus sampling voltage; the voltage stabilizing source component is used for carrying out conversion processing on the bus voltage to obtain a first reference voltage; and the comparison unit is used for sending a first control signal to the discharge unit to control the discharge unit to be switched on under the condition that the bus sampling voltage is smaller than the first reference value by taking the first reference voltage as the working voltage and the first reference value. This scheme can solve the bus capacitor and generate heat seriously and produce the problem of potential safety hazard by the discharge resistor when discharging, thereby reaches the effect that avoids the bus capacitor to generate heat seriously by the discharge resistor when discharging and seriously promotes the security.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of power control, concretely relates to bus capacitor's discharge control device and electrical equipment especially relate to a quick controlling means and electrical equipment that bus capacitor optimizes discharge.
Background
When the controller of the electric vehicle is used, the voltage on the bus capacitor is high voltage, and when the power supply is disconnected, the bus capacitor needs to rapidly discharge the voltage below the safe voltage within a certain time. Because the voltage change is very fast when the bus capacitor discharges, the discharge resistor arranged on the discharge branch of the bus capacitor needs to bear very large power, and the potential safety hazard is generated due to easy heating.
The above is only for the purpose of assisting understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention, and does not represent an admission that the above is the prior art.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
An object of the utility model is to provide a bus-bar capacitance's discharge control device and electrical equipment to discharge resistance generates heat seriously and produces the problem of potential safety hazard when solving bus-bar capacitance and discharging, thereby reaches the effect that discharge resistance generates heat seriously and promotes the security when avoiding bus-bar capacitance to discharge.
The utility model provides a bus capacitor's discharge control device, include: a discharge unit and a control unit; the discharging unit is connected in parallel to two ends of the bus capacitor and used for forming a discharging loop with the bus capacitor under the condition that the discharging unit is connected so as to discharge the bus capacitor through the discharging loop; the control unit includes: the voltage stabilizing source component, the comparing unit and the sampling unit; the sampling unit is used for sampling the bus voltage to obtain a bus sampling voltage; the voltage stabilizing source component is used for converting the bus voltage to obtain a first reference voltage; the comparison unit is used for taking the first reference voltage as a working voltage and a first reference value, and sending a first control signal to the discharge unit to control the discharge unit to be switched on under the condition that the bus sampling voltage is smaller than the first reference value.
Optionally, the method further comprises: the voltage stabilizing source component is further configured to perform conversion processing on the bus voltage to obtain a second reference voltage, where the second reference voltage is smaller than the first reference voltage; the comparison unit is further configured to send a second control signal to the discharge unit to control the discharge unit to be turned off when the second reference voltage is used as a second reference value and the bus sampling voltage is lower than the second reference value in a process of discharging the bus capacitor through the discharge unit.
Optionally, the regulated source assembly comprises: the voltage-stabilizing power supply comprises a current limiting unit, a voltage stabilizing source and a voltage dividing unit; the current limiting unit is connected with the voltage dividing unit in series, and the voltage dividing unit is connected between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the voltage stabilizing source in parallel; the current limiting unit is used for performing current limiting processing on the bus voltage; the voltage dividing unit is used for dividing the output voltage of the voltage stabilizing source; the voltage stabilizing source is used for converting the bus voltage so as to output the first reference voltage through the common ends of the current limiting unit and the voltage dividing unit; and under the condition that the voltage stabilizing source component also converts the bus voltage to obtain a second reference voltage, outputting the second reference voltage through a voltage dividing end of the voltage dividing unit.
Optionally, the current limiting unit includes: a current limiting resistor; the voltage-stabilizing source comprises: TL 431; the voltage dividing unit includes: a first voltage dividing resistor and a second voltage dividing resistor; the cathode of the TL431 is connected to a common terminal of the current limiting resistor and the first voltage dividing resistor, and the reference terminal of the TL431 is connected to a common terminal of the first voltage dividing resistor and the second voltage dividing resistor; the common end of the current limiting resistor and the first voltage dividing resistor outputs the first reference voltage, and the common end of the first voltage dividing resistor and the second voltage dividing resistor outputs the second reference voltage.
Optionally, the voltage regulation source component further includes: a voltage stabilization unit; the voltage stabilizing unit is arranged at the front end of the current limiting unit and used for reducing the voltage born by the voltage stabilizing source; wherein, the voltage regulation unit includes: a single zener diode, or a zener diode group formed by connecting more than two single zener diodes in series-parallel.
Optionally, the comparing unit includes: a first comparator, or a second comparator and a third comparator; under the condition that the comparison unit comprises a first comparator, a non-inverting input end of the first comparator is used for inputting the bus sampling voltage, a first power supply end of the first comparator is used for inputting the first reference voltage, an inverting input end of the first comparator is used for inputting a second reference voltage, and an output end of the first comparator is used for outputting a control signal; the control signal is used for controlling the on or off of the discharge unit; under the condition that the comparison unit comprises a second comparator and a third comparator, the inverting input end of the second comparator is used for inputting the first reference voltage, the non-inverting input end of the second comparator is connected with the inverting input end of the third comparator and used for inputting the bus sampling voltage, and the non-inverting input end of the third comparator is used for inputting a second reference voltage; and the power supply end of the second comparator is connected with a power supply.
Optionally, the sampling unit includes: a first sampling resistor and a second sampling resistor; the first sampling resistor and the second sampling resistor are connected in series and then are arranged at two ends of the bus capacitor in parallel; and the common end of the first sampling resistor and the second sampling resistor outputs the bus sampling voltage.
Optionally, the discharge unit includes: a discharge resistor and a control switch; the discharge resistor is connected with the control switch in series and then connected with the bus capacitor in parallel.
Optionally, wherein the discharge resistor includes: a single resistor, or a resistor group formed by connecting more than two single resistors in series and parallel; the resistance value of the discharge resistor can be determined according to the capacitance value of the bus capacitor and the bus voltage; and/or, the control switch, comprising: a power switch tube; and the control end of the power switch tube is connected to the output end of the comparison unit.
With the above device phase-match, the utility model discloses another aspect provides an electrical equipment, include: the above-described discharge control device for a bus capacitor.
Therefore, the utility model discloses a scheme, through setting up discharge resistance and the power switch tube that connects in parallel with bus capacitor, form the discharge branch road of bus capacitor; the bus voltage is directly converted into weak current to supply power to the drive board, a hardware circuit capable of controlling the power switch tube to be switched on and off is directly built on the drive board, the power switch tube is timely controlled to be switched on when the bus voltage drops to a certain value, so that the bus capacitor is discharged by using the discharging branch, the problem that the discharging resistor generates serious heat when the bus capacitor discharges and potential safety hazards are generated can be solved, and the effect of avoiding the discharging resistor from generating serious heat when the bus capacitor discharges and improving safety is achieved; furthermore, the problems of resource waste and low response speed caused by the fact that the main control board CPU controls the power switch tube can be avoided, resources can be saved, and response speed can be increased.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by the practice of the invention.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and examples.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a discharge control device of a bus capacitor according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a bus capacitor active discharge control circuit;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a fast control circuit for optimized discharging of a bus capacitor;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a discharge resistor;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a bus voltage sampling circuit;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a TL431 circuit;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating a control signal generation flow of an embodiment of a control signal generation circuit of a power switch tube;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a control signal generating circuit of a power switch;
fig. 9 is a schematic flowchart of an embodiment of a method for controlling discharging of a bus capacitor according to the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic flow chart illustrating an embodiment of controlling a discharging process of the discharging unit in the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
To make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following will combine the embodiments of the present invention and the corresponding drawings to clearly and completely describe the technical solution of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
According to the utility model discloses an embodiment provides a bus-bar capacitance's discharge control device. Referring to fig. 1, a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention is shown. The discharge control device of the bus capacitor can comprise: a discharge unit and a control unit.
In an optional example, the discharge unit is connected in parallel to two ends of the bus capacitor, and may be configured to form a discharge loop with the bus capacitor when the discharge unit is turned on, so as to discharge the bus capacitor through the discharge loop; or, when the discharge unit is disconnected, a discharge circuit formed with the bus capacitor is disconnected to stop discharging the bus capacitor through the discharge circuit.
Alternatively, the discharge unit may include: a discharge resistor and a control switch. The discharging resistor is connected with the control switch in series and then connected with the bus capacitor in parallel to form a discharging branch of the bus capacitor. The control switch can be used for controlling the switching on or off of the discharging branch circuit, and further controlling the switching on or off of a discharging loop formed by the discharging branch circuit and the bus capacitor.
For example: and the bus capacitor and the discharge unit can form a controlled circuit. The controlled circuit mainly comprises a bus capacitor C1, a discharge resistor R1, a power switch MOS and other elements. The effect of the discharge resistor is that under the condition that the circuit is disconnected or the circuit breaks down, the voltage on the bus capacitor in the circuit can be reduced to a set voltage such as below 36V of human safety voltage through the discharge resistor releasing electric energy, so as to guarantee the personal safety of workers. The discharge resistor must reduce the voltage on the dc link capacitor to below the human body safety voltage within a specified time.
Therefore, the discharge unit is formed by the discharge resistor and the control switch, and the hardware design of the discharge resistor control circuit is adopted, so that the problem whether the on-off time of the discharge branch where the discharge resistor is located is timely or not can be solved, the drive board automatically provides a control signal for the power switch tube, the on-off time of the discharge branch where the discharge resistor is located can be timely and accurately controlled, and the heat productivity of the discharge resistor can be reduced.
More optionally, the discharge resistor may include: a single resistor, or a resistor group formed by two or more single resistors connected in series and in parallel. The resistance value of the discharge resistor can be determined according to the capacitance value of the bus capacitor and the bus voltage.
For example: the discharge resistor R1 can be set according to the capacity of the bus capacitor and the voltage to calculate the parameters of the bus capacitor according to a formula, and the human body safety voltage is normally set to be below 36V. The resistance R of the discharge resistor R1 can be calculated according to the following formula:
the consumption energy Q of the fixed discharge resistor R1 in the discharge time is:
the average power P over the discharge time t can be further calculated from the above equation:
impulse power of discharge resistor
Comprises the following steps:
in the above formulas, t is the discharge time in units of s; u shapedcThe maximum DC peak voltage on the supporting capacitor is represented by V; u shapesafeIs a human body safe voltage with the unit of V. When a fixed discharge resistor is selected, it is considered that the resistor with key parameters satisfying such requirements is selected: the resistance is less than or equal to R; the average power is more than or equal to P;
further selecting R species according to the actually selected valueClass and series-parallel.
Therefore, the resistance value of the discharge resistor is determined according to the bus capacitor and the bus voltage, so that the accurate and safe discharge resistor can be provided, the safety of the discharge resistor discharging to the bus capacitor is guaranteed, and the energy waste caused by using a resistor with a larger resistance value is avoided.
More optionally, the control switch may include: and a power switch tube. And the control end of the power switch tube is connected to the output end of the comparison unit.
Therefore, the power switch tube such as an MOS tube controls the connection or disconnection of the discharge loop, and the control accuracy and reliability can be ensured; by controlling the on and off of the power switch tube, the discharge loop of the discharge resistor is quickly cut off at a proper time, so that the heat productivity of the discharge resistor can be reduced, and the service life of the discharge resistor can be prolonged.
In an optional example, the control unit may include: the device comprises a voltage stabilization source component, a comparison unit and a sampling unit.
Specifically, the sampling unit may be configured to sample a bus voltage to obtain a bus sampling voltage.
Optionally, the sampling unit may include: a first sampling resistor and a second sampling resistor (e.g., a first sampling resistor R5 and a second sampling resistor R6). The first sampling resistor and the second sampling resistor are connected in series and then are arranged at two ends of the bus capacitor in parallel. And the common end of the first sampling resistor and the second sampling resistor outputs the bus sampling voltage.
For example: the resistor divider circuit can scale the proportion according to actual needs to obtain a proper sampling value, and the selection of the resistor still needs to consider the resistance value and the power problem. The calculation formula of the voltage sampling voltage Udc may be:
therefore, the bus voltage is sampled in a resistance voltage division mode, and the bus sampling voltage can be reliably and safely sampled, so that the comparison unit can judge whether the power supply is switched off or not based on the bus sampling voltage, the discharge unit is timely controlled to be switched on to timely discharge under the condition that the power supply is switched off, and the discharge response speed is high; and when the bus capacitor discharges to the set voltage or the human body safety voltage, the discharging unit is controlled to be disconnected to stop discharging, so that energy is saved.
Specifically, the voltage stabilizing source assembly may be configured to perform conversion processing on the bus voltage to obtain a first reference voltage.
Optionally, the voltage regulation source component may include: the voltage-stabilizing circuit comprises a current limiting unit, a voltage stabilizing source and a voltage dividing unit. The current limiting unit is connected with the voltage dividing unit in series, and the voltage dividing unit is connected between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the voltage stabilizing source in parallel.
Specifically, the current limiting unit may be configured to perform a current limiting process on the bus voltage to limit a current flowing through the regulated power supply.
Specifically, the voltage dividing unit may be configured to divide the output voltage of the voltage regulator.
Specifically, the regulated voltage source may be configured to convert the bus voltage to output the first reference voltage through a common terminal of the current limiting unit and the voltage dividing unit; and under the condition that the voltage stabilizing source component also converts the bus voltage to obtain a second reference voltage, outputting the second reference voltage through a voltage dividing end of the voltage dividing unit. For example: TL431, may be used to generate the required voltage.
Therefore, through the voltage stabilizing source assembly, the bus voltage can be used for supplying power to the comparison unit on the drive plate and also supplying power to other power utilization components on the drive plate, so that power supply of the components of the drive plate is facilitated; the first reference value and the second reference value can be provided for the comparison unit, so that the reference can be conveniently provided for the comparison unit, and the response speed of the comparison unit to the first control signal or the second control signal sent by the discharge unit can be improved.
More optionally, the current limiting unit may include: a current limiting resistor (e.g., current limiting resistor R2). The voltage stabilizing source may include: TL 431. The voltage dividing unit may include: a first voltage-dividing resistor and a second voltage-dividing resistor (such as a first voltage-dividing resistor R3 and a second voltage-dividing resistor R4).
The negative electrode of the TL431 is connected to a common terminal of the current limiting resistor and the first voltage dividing resistor, and the reference terminal of the TL431 is connected to a common terminal of the first voltage dividing resistor and the second voltage dividing resistor. The common end of the current limiting resistor and the first voltage dividing resistor outputs the first reference voltage, and the common end of the first voltage dividing resistor and the second voltage dividing resistor outputs the second reference voltage.
For example: by directly using the bus voltage to pass through the circuit built by the TL431 (i.e., the current limiting unit and the voltage dividing unit and the voltage regulator shown in fig. 2), two signals are output, one signal (i.e., the output voltage at the common terminal of the current limiting resistor R2 and the first voltage dividing resistor R3) can supply power to the first comparator and serve as a reference value U1, and the other signal (i.e., the output voltage at the common terminal of the first voltage dividing resistor R3 and the second voltage dividing resistor R4) serves as another reference value Vref. And comparing the collected bus voltage with the two reference values to finally obtain a control signal for controlling the switch tube. The TL431, the first voltage dividing resistor R3, and the second voltage dividing resistor R4 form a constant voltage circuit, and the calculation formula of the output voltage is as follows:
because of the inherent characteristic of the TL431, Vref is always equal to 2.5V, so that different resistance ratios of the first divider resistor R3 to the second divider resistor R4 are selected, and power can be supplied to different components. Here R3-R4 is chosen, the output voltage V1 is equal to 5V, which is used to power the first comparator and as one reference value, while Vref-2.5V is used as the other reference voltage.
Therefore, the bus voltage is converted into weak current (such as 5V voltage) through the current limiting resistor R2, the first voltage dividing resistor R3, the second voltage dividing resistor R4 and the controllable precise voltage stabilizing source TL431, and the first comparator can be directly powered; therefore, the bus voltage can be directly converted into weak current to supply power to the drive board, a hardware circuit capable of controlling the power switch tube to be switched on and off is directly built on the drive board, the problem that the weak current needs to be controlled by a main control board CPU is solved, and the response speed can be improved.
More optionally, the voltage regulator source assembly may further include: and a voltage stabilizing unit. The voltage stabilizing unit is arranged at the front end of the current limiting unit and can be used for reducing the voltage born by the voltage stabilizing source. Wherein, the voltage regulation unit may include: a single zener diode, or a zener diode group formed by connecting more than two single zener diodes in series-parallel.
For example: since the rated current and voltage of TL431 are limited in range, it is necessary to select a suitable zener diode Dwen (multiple use is possible due to higher bus voltage) to reduce the voltage drop experienced by TL431, and then use a current limiting resistor R2 to control the current flowing within its normal operating range. Cost savings and space efficiency may also be effectively achieved by using TL431 instead of separate voltage references and power supplies. The voltage stabilizing diode Dwen is large in bus voltage under general conditions, 400-600V is even larger, and voltage which can be borne by the TL431 is constant, so that the voltage stabilizing diode Dwen mainly plays a role in voltage division. Current limiting resistor R2: the current through TL431 is also limited so that the current limiting resistor R2 may be used to limit the current through TL 431. First and second divider resistors R3 and R4: due to the characteristics of TL431, the output voltage is shared by these two resistors.
Therefore, the voltage stabilizing unit is arranged, so that the voltage drop borne by the voltage stabilizing source can be reduced, and the voltage stabilizing source can be protected more reliably.
Specifically, the comparing unit may be configured to use the first reference voltage as an operating voltage and a first reference value, and send a first control signal to the discharging unit to control the discharging unit to turn on when the bus sampling voltage is smaller than the first reference value. The first control signal may be used to control the discharge unit to be turned on.
For example: the power switch tube is switched on or off without passing through a main control chip (namely a main control board CPU) of the main control board, and a control signal is output after the control signal is directly sampled and compared by the drive board, so that the problems of CPU resource waste and low response speed caused by the fact that the control signal of the power switch tube is provided by the mode that the main control board CPU calculates and outputs the control signal are solved, and the effects of saving the CPU resource and improving the response speed are achieved.
For example: when the power supply is switched on, the bus sampling voltage is always greater than the first reference voltage V1, the power switch tube is in an off state, and the power switch tube enters a waiting state. And judging whether the bus voltage drops to a certain specific value, namely judging whether the power supply is disconnected. And if the bus sampling voltage is less than the first reference voltage V1, determining that the power supply is disconnected, and closing the power switch tube to discharge. And if the bus sampling voltage is greater than or equal to the first reference voltage V1, returning to continue waiting.
From this, through steady voltage source subassembly, the comparison unit, sampling unit and the unit cooperation setting that discharges, thereby can provide power supply and control signal for the unit that discharges through hardware circuit, can avoid because the extravagant and slow problem of response speed of CPU resource that software control increases, thereby can be under the condition of not extravagant CPU resource, improve bus capacitance discharge control's response speed, thereby realize the quick and timely discharge to bus capacitance, avoid bus capacitance to generate heat seriously and take place danger, the security of electrical control equipment operation has been promoted.
Optionally, the comparing unit may include: the first comparator, or the second comparator and the third comparator.
In a case that the comparing unit may include a first comparator, a non-inverting input terminal of the first comparator may be configured to input the bus sampling voltage, a first power supply terminal of the first comparator may be configured to input the first reference voltage, a second power supply terminal of the first comparator is connected to a negative pole of the bus voltage, an inverting input terminal of the first comparator may be configured to input a second reference voltage, and an output terminal of the first comparator may be configured to output a control signal. The control signal may be used to control the turn-on or turn-off of the discharge unit.
In a case that the comparing unit may include a second comparator and a third comparator, an inverting input terminal of the second comparator may be used for inputting the first reference voltage, a non-inverting input terminal of the second comparator is connected to an inverting input terminal of the third comparator and may be used for inputting the bus sampling voltage, and a non-inverting input terminal of the third comparator may be used for inputting a second reference voltage. And the power supply end of the second comparator is connected with a power supply.
For example: the inverting input of the second comparator may be used for inputting the first reference voltage V1, the non-inverting input of the second comparator is connected to the inverting input of the third comparator and may be used for inputting the sampled voltage Udc of the bus voltage sampling circuit (i.e., the bus sampled voltage), and the non-inverting input of the third comparator may be used for inputting the second reference voltage Vref. The power supply end of the second comparator is connected with the power supply Vcc, and the grounding end of the second comparator is grounded. The output end of the second comparator and the output end of the third comparator can be used for outputting control signals of the power switch tube. Comparing the reference value by a comparator consisting of a second comparator and a third comparator, outputting a high level when the reference value is less than a first reference voltage V1 and greater than a second reference voltage Vref, and turning on a power switch tube to start discharging; and when the voltage is less than the second reference voltage Vref, outputting a low level, turning off the power switch tube, and stopping discharging.
Therefore, the bus capacitor can be controlled to be completely discharged by arranging a comparator such as a first comparator; through setting up two comparators like second comparator and third comparator, can control bus capacitance discharge to human safe voltage can to, can select for use the number of comparator in a flexible way according to the actual demand that discharges, make the discharge control to bus capacitance more nimble and accurate.
In an alternative embodiment, the method may further include: the process of controlling the discharge process of the discharge unit can be specifically referred to the following exemplary description.
Specifically, the voltage stabilizing source assembly may be further configured to perform conversion processing on the bus voltage to obtain a second reference voltage, where the second reference voltage is smaller than the first reference voltage.
Specifically, the comparing unit may be further configured to, in a process of discharging the bus capacitor through the discharging unit, continue to use the first reference voltage as the working voltage and the first reference value, use the second reference voltage as the second reference value, and send a second control signal to the discharging unit to control the discharging unit to be turned off when the bus sampling voltage is lower than the second reference value, so as to stop discharging the bus capacitor through the discharging loop. The second control signal may be used to control the discharge unit to be turned off.
For example: and after the power switch tube is closed to discharge, judging whether the safety voltage is reached. And if the bus sampling voltage is less than the second reference voltage Vref, the bus voltage is considered to reach the safe voltage, namely the discharge is finished, and the power switch tube quickly cuts off the discharge loop.
Therefore, the bus voltage on the bus capacitor stops discharging after being discharged to the set safe voltage, the waste of electric energy caused by the fact that the bus capacitor continues to discharge to zero can be avoided, and the increase of energy consumption and loss caused by the fact that the discharging unit continues to discharge after the discharging unit reaches the safe voltage can also be avoided.
Through a large number of tests, the technical scheme of the utility model is adopted, and the discharging branch of the bus capacitor is formed by arranging the discharging resistor and the power switch tube which are connected with the bus capacitor in parallel; the bus voltage is directly converted into weak current to supply power to the drive board, a hardware circuit capable of controlling the power switch tube to be switched on and off is directly built on the drive board, the power switch tube is timely controlled to be switched on when the bus voltage drops to a certain value, so that the bus capacitor is discharged by using the discharging branch, the problem that the weak current is controlled by a main control board CPU is solved, and the response speed can be improved.
According to the utility model discloses an embodiment still provides an electrical equipment corresponding to bus-bar capacitance's discharge control device. The electric control apparatus may include: the above-described discharge control device for a bus capacitor. The discharge control device of the bus capacitor can be used in places needing high-voltage power distribution, such as an all-in-one controller, a PDU (protocol data unit) controller and the like. For example: the electric control equipment can be a pure electric vehicle.
The electric bus belongs to a vehicle using electric energy to drive, and with the increasingly prominent energy crisis and environmental problems, the development of a clean electric vehicle with high efficiency, energy conservation, low noise and zero emission becomes a necessary trend for the development of the domestic and foreign automobile industry, and pure electric vehicles with energy conservation, environmental protection, safety and reliability are more and more concerned by people.
In a pure electric vehicle controller, a bus capacitor (i.e., a direct current bus capacitor) mainly functions to absorb ripple current and provide stable energy for a system. The stability and the service life of the bus capacitor influence the stability of the whole electric vehicle system, and the bus capacitor is a necessary condition for ensuring the safety and the reliability of the electric vehicle.
When the controller is in use, the voltage on the bus capacitor is high, and for safety, when the power supply is disconnected, the bus capacitor needs to rapidly discharge the voltage below the safe voltage within a certain time. Because the voltage changes rapidly, the discharge resistor needs to bear large power during discharging, so that the discharge resistor generates heat seriously and generates other potential safety hazards.
In an optional implementation manner, the present disclosure provides a fast control method for optimized discharging of a bus capacitor. Referring to the examples shown in fig. 2 to 8, a specific implementation process of the scheme of the present invention is exemplarily described below.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of an active discharge control circuit.
The active discharge control circuit shown in fig. 2 may include: the bus capacitor comprises a bus capacitor, a discharge resistor and a power switch tube, wherein a branch where the discharge resistor and the power switch tube are located forms a discharge branch of the bus capacitor. The bus capacitor, also called a support capacitor, can be mainly used for voltage stabilization and filtering of bus voltage. Because the bus capacitor is generally large, the natural discharge speed is slow, and potential safety hazards exist, the bus capacitor is provided with the discharge resistor and mainly used for quick discharge. The discharge resistor consumes power, and is connected to the circuit only when discharging is needed, and is disconnected when discharging is not needed, so that the discharge resistor can be properly connected and cut off through the power switch tube. By controlling the on and off of the power switch tube, the discharge loop of the discharge resistor is quickly cut off at a proper time, so that the heat productivity of the discharge resistor can be reduced, and the service life of the discharge resistor can be prolonged.
The control signal of the power switch tube is provided by a main control chip (namely, a main control board CPU) of the main control board. Specifically, the bus voltage is sampled to a main control board CPU for calculation, and then a control signal is sent out to control the on or off of the power switch tube. Therefore, the control signal of the power switch tube needs to be provided by the mode that the main control board CPU outputs the control signal after calculation, on one hand, the calculation amount and the transmission amount of the main control board CPU are increased, and the resource of the main control board CPU is wasted; on the other hand, the CPU of the main control board is required to output the calculated data to the power switch tube of the drive board, and the response speed is low.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a fast control circuit for optimizing discharge of a bus capacitor.
The fast control circuit for bus capacitor optimized discharge shown in fig. 3 may include: a controlled circuit and a control circuit. The controlled circuit mainly comprises a bus capacitor C1, a discharge resistor R1, a power switch MOS and other elements. A control circuit, may include: the device comprises a current limiting unit, a voltage dividing unit, a voltage stabilizing source, a comparing unit and a sampling unit. The current limiting unit and the voltage dividing unit may include: a current limiting resistor R2, a first voltage dividing resistor R3 and a second voltage dividing resistor R4. A regulated power supply, which may include: a controllable precision voltage regulator TL 431. The comparison unit may include: a first comparator. A sampling unit, which may include: a first sampling resistor R5 and a second sampling resistor R6. The current limiting resistor R2 is used to limit the current flowing through the TL431 and protect the TL 431. And the first voltage-dividing resistor R3 and the second voltage-dividing resistor R4 are used for enabling the TL431 to output 5V voltage.
The bus capacitor C1 is connected in parallel to the + UDC end and the-UDC end of the bus voltage. And a discharge branch formed by the discharge resistor R1 and a power switch tube, namely a MOS tube, is connected in parallel with two ends of the bus capacitor C1. The source electrode of the MOS tube is connected to the discharge resistor R1, and the drain electrode of the MOS tube is connected to the-UDC end of the bus voltage. The grid of the MOS tube is connected with the output end of the first comparator. The current limiting resistor R2, the first voltage dividing resistor R3 and the second voltage dividing resistor R4 are sequentially connected in series to form a series branch, and are connected in parallel to two ends of the discharge branch, one end, far away from the first voltage dividing resistor R3, of the current limiting resistor R2 is connected to the + UDC end of the bus capacitor, and one end, far away from the first voltage dividing resistor R3, of the second voltage dividing resistor R4 is connected to the-UDC end of the bus voltage. The common terminal of the current limiting resistor R2 and the first voltage dividing resistor R3 is connected to the first power supply terminal of the first comparator and also to the cathode of the TL 431. the-UDC terminal of the bus voltage is connected to the second power supply terminal of the first comparator and also to the positive terminal of TL 431. The reference terminal of the TL431 is connected to the common terminal of the first voltage-dividing resistor R3 and the second voltage-dividing resistor R4, and is also connected to the inverting input terminal of the first comparator as the reference terminal of the first comparator. The common end of the first sampling resistor R5 and the second sampling resistor R6 is connected to the non-inverting input end of the first comparator.
Specifically, the current limiting resistor R2, the first voltage dividing resistor R3, the second voltage dividing resistor R4 and the controllable precision voltage regulator TL431 convert the bus voltage into weak current (for example, 5V voltage), and can directly supply power to the first comparator. Therefore, the design idea of directly converting the bus voltage into weak current to supply power to the drive board is adopted, and the hardware circuit capable of controlling the power switch tube to be switched on and off is directly built on the drive board, so that the problem that the weak current is controlled by the CPU of the main control board is solved, and the response speed can be improved.
The first sampling resistor R5 and the second sampling resistor R6 can be used for sampling the bus voltage. Thus, compared with the example shown in fig. 2, in the example shown in fig. 3, in terms of providing the control signal to the power switching tube, the idea of software control is changed into the idea of hardware control, and the power switching tube is turned on or off without passing through the main control chip (i.e., the main control board CPU) of the main control board, but the drive board directly performs sampling comparison and outputs the control signal. That is to say, the control signal of the power switch tube is provided by the driving board, for example, the driving board directly controls the on or off of the relevant power switch tube of the discharge resistor, so that the problems of CPU resource waste and low response speed caused by the control signal of the power switch tube needing to be provided by the main control board CPU through a mode of calculating and outputting the control signal are solved, and the effects of saving the CPU resource and improving the response speed are achieved.
It can be seen that, the utility model discloses a scheme has taken the design of discharge resistance control circuit, can solve the problem whether timely of opening or turn-off time of discharge resistance place branch road of discharging, independently provide control signal for power switch tube through the drive plate, can in time, accurately control opening or turn-off of discharge resistance place branch road of discharging, can reduce discharge resistance's calorific capacity, be favorable to improving pure electric vehicle control system's thermal stability, still be favorable to prolonging discharge resistance's life.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a discharge resistor.
The discharge resistor shown in fig. 4 may be an embodiment of the discharge resistor R1 shown in fig. 3. The effect of the discharge resistor is that under the condition that the circuit is disconnected or the circuit breaks down, the voltage on the bus capacitor in the circuit can be reduced to a set voltage such as below 36V of human safety voltage through the discharge resistor releasing electric energy, so as to guarantee the personal safety of workers. The discharge resistor must reduce the voltage on the dc link capacitor to below the human body safety voltage within a specified time.
The discharge resistor R1 shown in FIG. 4 is set to calculate the parameters of the bus capacitor according to the size of the capacitance of the bus capacitor and the size of the voltage according to a formula, and the human body safety voltage is conventionally specified to be below 36V. See the following exemplary description.
For example: the resistance R of the discharge resistor R1 can be calculated according to the following formula:
the consumption energy Q of the fixed discharge resistor R1 in the discharge time is:
the average power P over the discharge time t can be further calculated from the above equation:
impulse power of discharge resistor
Comprises the following steps:
in the above formulas, t is the discharge time in units of s; u shapedcThe maximum DC peak voltage on the supporting capacitor is represented by V; u shapesafeIs a human body safe voltage with the unit of V.
When a fixed discharge resistor is selected, it is considered that the resistor with key parameters satisfying such requirements is selected: the resistance is less than or equal to R; the average power is more than or equal to P;
the type and series-parallel connection mode of R are further selected according to the actually selected value.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a bus voltage sampling circuit.
The resistor divider circuit shown in fig. 5 can scale the ratio according to actual needs to obtain a proper sampling value, and the selection of the resistor still needs to consider the resistance value and the power problem. The calculation formula of the voltage sampling voltage Udc may be:
for example: the inverting input of the first comparator is 2.5V, Udc is greater than 2.5V, and the first comparator will output a high level, since Udc is typically a high voltage, such as 540V may be used. In fact, no comparator capable of bearing such a large voltage can be used, so that the voltage needs to be reduced to a range where the comparator can input, and the voltage borne by each comparator is different, for example, the voltage borne by the first comparator can be 0-5V.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a TL431 circuit.
Such as the TL431 circuit shown in fig. 6, i.e., the voltage regulator. By directly using the bus voltage to pass through the circuit built by the TL431 (i.e., the current limiting unit and the voltage dividing unit and the voltage regulator shown in fig. 3), two signals are output, one signal (i.e., the output voltage at the common terminal of the current limiting resistor R2 and the first voltage dividing resistor R3) can supply power to the first comparator and serve as a reference value U1, and the other signal (i.e., the output voltage at the common terminal of the first voltage dividing resistor R3 and the second voltage dividing resistor R4) serves as another reference value Vref. And comparing the collected bus voltage with the two reference values to finally obtain a control signal for controlling the switch tube. The TL431, the first voltage dividing resistor R3, and the second voltage dividing resistor R4 form a constant voltage circuit, and the calculation formula of the output voltage is as follows:
due to the inherent characteristic of the TL431, Vref is always equal to 2.5V, so that different resistance ratios of the first divider resistor R3 to the second divider resistor R4 are selected, and power can be supplied to different components. Here R3-R4 is chosen, the output voltage V1 is equal to 5V, which is used to power the first comparator and as one reference value, while Vref-2.5V is used as the other reference voltage.
Alternatively, since the rated current and voltage of TL431 are limited in range, it is necessary to select a suitable zener diode Dwen (multiple use is possible due to higher bus voltage) to reduce the voltage drop experienced by TL431, and then use a current limiting resistor R2 to control the current flowing through within its normal operating range. Cost savings and space efficiency may also be effectively achieved by using TL431 instead of separate voltage references and power supplies.
TL431, among others, can be used to generate the required voltage. The voltage stabilizing diode Dwen is large in bus voltage under general conditions, 400-600V is even larger, and the voltage bearable by the TL431 is certain, so the voltage stabilizing diode Dwen mainly plays a role in voltage division. Current limiting resistor R2: the current through TL431 is also limited so that the current limiting resistor R2 may be used to limit the current through TL 431. First and second divider resistors R3 and R4: due to the characteristics of TL431, the output voltage is shared by these two resistors.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating a control signal generation flow of an embodiment of a control signal generation circuit of a power switch.
As shown in fig. 7, a control signal generating process of the control signal generating circuit of the power switch tube may include:
step 1, when the power supply is switched on, the bus sampling voltage is always greater than the first reference voltage V1, the power switch tube is in an off state, and the power switch tube enters a waiting state.
And 2, judging whether the bus voltage is reduced to a certain specific value, namely judging whether the power supply is disconnected. And if the bus sampling voltage is less than the first reference voltage V1, determining that the power supply is disconnected, and closing the power switch tube to discharge. And if the bus sampling voltage is greater than or equal to the first reference voltage V1, returning to the step 1 to continue waiting.
And 3, judging whether the safety voltage is reached or not after the power switch tube is closed to discharge. And if the bus sampling voltage is less than the second reference voltage Vref, the bus voltage is considered to reach the safe voltage, namely the discharge is finished, and the power switch tube quickly cuts off the discharge loop.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a control signal generating circuit of a power switch tube.
The control signal generating circuit shown in fig. 8 may include: a second comparator and a third comparator. The inverting input of the second comparator may be used for inputting the first reference voltage V1, the non-inverting input of the second comparator is connected to the inverting input of the third comparator and may be used for inputting the sampled voltage Udc of the bus voltage sampling circuit (i.e., the bus sampled voltage), and the non-inverting input of the third comparator may be used for inputting the second reference voltage Vref. The power supply end of the second comparator is connected with the power supply Vcc, and the grounding end of the second comparator is grounded. The output end of the second comparator and the output end of the third comparator can be used for outputting control signals of the power switch tube. Comparing the reference value by a comparator consisting of a second comparator and a third comparator, outputting a high level when the reference value is less than a first reference voltage V1 and greater than a second reference voltage Vref, and turning on a power switch tube to start discharging; and when the voltage is less than the second reference voltage Vref, outputting a low level, turning off the power switch tube, and stopping discharging. Wherein, VCC: belonging to the supply voltage (5V) generated by TL 431. The first reference voltage V1 is a comparison voltage for turning on the power transistor. The second reference voltage Vref is a comparison voltage for turning off the power transistor.
Since the processes and functions implemented by the electronic control device of this embodiment substantially correspond to the embodiments, principles, and examples of the apparatus shown in fig. 1, the descriptions of this embodiment are not detailed herein, and refer to the related descriptions in the foregoing embodiments, which are not described herein again.
Through a large number of tests, the technical scheme of the utility model is adopted, and the discharging branch of the bus capacitor is formed by arranging the discharging resistor and the power switch tube which are connected with the bus capacitor in parallel; the bus voltage is directly converted into weak current to supply power to the drive board, a hardware circuit capable of controlling the power switch tube to be switched on and off is directly built on the drive board, the power switch tube is timely controlled to be switched on when the bus voltage drops to a certain value, so that the bus capacitor is discharged by using the discharging branch, the problems that the CPU resource is wasted and the response speed is low due to the fact that the control signal of the power switch tube is provided by a mode that a main control board CPU calculates and outputs the control signal are solved, and the effects of saving the CPU resource and improving the response speed are achieved.
According to the embodiment of the present invention, there is also provided a method for controlling the discharging of the bus capacitor of an electric control device corresponding to the electric control device, as shown in fig. 9. The discharge control method of the bus capacitor of the electric control equipment can comprise the following steps: step S110 to step S140.
At step S110, a discharging circuit is formed with the bus capacitor by a discharging unit connected in parallel to both ends of the bus capacitor, in a case where the discharging unit is turned on, to discharge the bus capacitor through the discharging circuit. Or, when the discharge unit is disconnected, a discharge circuit formed with the bus capacitor is disconnected to stop discharging the bus capacitor through the discharge circuit.
In step S120, the bus voltage is sampled by the sampling unit, so as to obtain a bus sampling voltage.
In step S130, the bus voltage is converted by the voltage regulation source component to obtain a first reference voltage.
At step S140, a comparing unit uses the first reference voltage as an operating voltage and a first reference value, and sends a first control signal to the discharging unit to control the discharging unit to turn on if the bus sampling voltage is smaller than the first reference value. The first control signal may be used to control the discharge unit to be turned on.
For example: the power switch tube is switched on or off without passing through a main control chip (namely a main control board CPU) of the main control board, and a control signal is output after the control signal is directly sampled and compared by the drive board, so that the problems of CPU resource waste and low response speed caused by the fact that the control signal of the power switch tube is provided by the mode that the main control board CPU calculates and outputs the control signal are solved, and the effects of saving the CPU resource and improving the response speed are achieved.
For example: when the power supply is switched on, the bus sampling voltage is always greater than the first reference voltage V1, the power switch tube is in an off state, and the power switch tube enters a waiting state. And judging whether the bus voltage drops to a certain specific value, namely judging whether the power supply is disconnected. And if the bus sampling voltage is less than the first reference voltage V1, determining that the power supply is disconnected, and closing the power switch tube to discharge. And if the bus sampling voltage is greater than or equal to the first reference voltage V1, returning to continue waiting.
From this, through steady voltage source subassembly, the comparison unit, sampling unit and the unit cooperation setting that discharges, thereby can provide power supply and control signal for the unit that discharges through hardware circuit, can avoid because the extravagant and slow problem of response speed of CPU resource that software control increases, thereby can be under the condition of not extravagant CPU resource, improve bus capacitance discharge control's response speed, thereby realize the quick and timely discharge to bus capacitance, avoid bus capacitance to generate heat seriously and take place danger, the security of electrical control equipment operation has been promoted.
In an alternative embodiment, the method may further include: and a process of controlling a discharge process of the discharge unit.
Referring to fig. 10, a flow diagram of an embodiment of the method for controlling the discharging process of the discharging unit according to the present invention is further described, which may include: step S210 and step S220.
Step S210, further performing conversion processing on the bus voltage through a voltage stabilization source component to obtain a second reference voltage, where the second reference voltage is smaller than the first reference voltage.
Step S220, by using the comparison unit, and in the process of discharging the bus capacitor by using the discharge unit, continuing to use the first reference voltage as a working voltage and a first reference value, and use the second reference voltage as a second reference value, and under the condition that the bus sampling voltage is lower than the second reference value, sending a second control signal to the discharge unit to control the discharge unit to be disconnected, so as to stop discharging the bus capacitor by using the discharge loop. The second control signal may be used to control the discharge unit to be turned off.
For example: and after the power switch tube is closed to discharge, judging whether the safety voltage is reached. And if the bus sampling voltage is less than the second reference voltage Vref, the bus voltage is considered to reach the safe voltage, namely the discharge is finished, and the power switch tube quickly cuts off the discharge loop.
Therefore, the bus voltage on the bus capacitor stops discharging after being discharged to the set safe voltage, the waste of electric energy caused by the fact that the bus capacitor continues to discharge to zero can be avoided, and the increase of energy consumption and loss caused by the fact that the discharging unit continues to discharge after the discharging unit reaches the safe voltage can also be avoided.
Since the processing and functions implemented by the method of this embodiment substantially correspond to the embodiments, principles, and examples of the electronic control device, reference may be made to the related descriptions in the foregoing embodiments without being detailed in the description of this embodiment.
Through a large number of tests, the technical scheme of the embodiment is adopted, and the discharge branch of the bus capacitor is formed by arranging the discharge resistor and the power switch tube which are connected with the bus capacitor in parallel; the bus voltage is directly converted into weak current to supply power to the drive board, a hardware circuit capable of controlling the power switch tube to be switched on and off is directly built on the drive board, the power switch tube is timely controlled to be switched on when the bus voltage drops to a certain value, so that the bus capacitor is discharged by using the discharging branch, the switching on or switching off of the discharging branch where the discharging resistor is located can be timely and accurately controlled, the heat productivity of the discharging resistor can be reduced, the heat stability of a pure electric vehicle control system can be improved, and the service life of the discharging resistor can be prolonged.
In summary, it is readily understood by those skilled in the art that the advantageous modes described above can be freely combined and superimposed without conflict.
The above description is only an example of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A discharge control device of a bus capacitor is characterized by comprising: a discharge unit and a control unit; the discharging unit is connected in parallel to two ends of the bus capacitor and used for forming a discharging loop with the bus capacitor under the condition that the discharging unit is connected so as to discharge the bus capacitor through the discharging loop; the control unit includes: the voltage stabilizing source component, the comparing unit and the sampling unit; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the sampling unit is used for sampling the bus voltage to obtain a bus sampling voltage;
the voltage stabilizing source component is used for converting the bus voltage to obtain a first reference voltage;
the comparison unit is used for taking the first reference voltage as a working voltage and a first reference value, and sending a first control signal to the discharge unit to control the discharge unit to be switched on under the condition that the bus sampling voltage is smaller than the first reference value.
2. The apparatus for controlling discharge of a bus capacitor according to claim 1, further comprising:
the voltage stabilizing source component is further configured to perform conversion processing on the bus voltage to obtain a second reference voltage, where the second reference voltage is smaller than the first reference voltage;
the comparison unit is further configured to send a second control signal to the discharge unit to control the discharge unit to be turned off when the second reference voltage is used as a second reference value and the bus sampling voltage is lower than the second reference value in a process of discharging the bus capacitor through the discharge unit.
3. The apparatus for controlling discharge of a bus capacitor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the voltage stabilizing source assembly includes: the voltage-stabilizing power supply comprises a current limiting unit, a voltage stabilizing source and a voltage dividing unit; the current limiting unit is connected with the voltage dividing unit in series, and the voltage dividing unit is connected between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the voltage stabilizing source in parallel; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the current limiting unit is used for performing current limiting processing on the bus voltage;
the voltage dividing unit is used for dividing the output voltage of the voltage stabilizing source;
the voltage stabilizing source is used for converting the bus voltage so as to output the first reference voltage through the common ends of the current limiting unit and the voltage dividing unit; and under the condition that the voltage stabilizing source component also converts the bus voltage to obtain a second reference voltage, outputting the second reference voltage through a voltage dividing end of the voltage dividing unit.
4. The apparatus for controlling discharge of a bus capacitor according to claim 3, wherein the current limiting unit comprises: a current limiting resistor; the voltage-stabilizing source comprises: TL 431; the voltage dividing unit includes: a first voltage dividing resistor and a second voltage dividing resistor; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the cathode of the TL431 is connected to the common end of the current limiting resistor and the first voltage dividing resistor, and the reference end of the TL431 is connected to the common end of the first voltage dividing resistor and the second voltage dividing resistor; the common end of the current limiting resistor and the first voltage dividing resistor outputs the first reference voltage, and the common end of the first voltage dividing resistor and the second voltage dividing resistor outputs the second reference voltage.
5. The apparatus for controlling discharge of a bus capacitor according to claim 3, wherein the voltage regulation source assembly further comprises: a voltage stabilization unit; the voltage stabilizing unit is arranged at the front end of the current limiting unit and used for reducing the voltage born by the voltage stabilizing source; wherein, the voltage regulation unit includes: a single zener diode, or a zener diode group formed by connecting more than two single zener diodes in series-parallel.
6. The apparatus for controlling discharge of a bus capacitor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the comparing unit includes: a first comparator, or a second comparator and a third comparator; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
under the condition that the comparison unit comprises a first comparator, the non-inverting input end of the first comparator is used for inputting the bus sampling voltage, the first power supply end of the first comparator is used for inputting the first reference voltage, the inverting input end of the first comparator is used for inputting a second reference voltage, and the output end of the first comparator is used for outputting a control signal; the control signal is used for controlling the on or off of the discharge unit;
under the condition that the comparison unit comprises a second comparator and a third comparator, the inverting input end of the second comparator is used for inputting the first reference voltage, the non-inverting input end of the second comparator is connected with the inverting input end of the third comparator and used for inputting the bus sampling voltage, and the non-inverting input end of the third comparator is used for inputting a second reference voltage; and the power supply end of the second comparator is connected with a power supply.
7. The apparatus for controlling discharge of bus capacitor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the sampling unit comprises: a first sampling resistor and a second sampling resistor; the first sampling resistor and the second sampling resistor are connected in series and then are arranged at two ends of the bus capacitor in parallel; and the common end of the first sampling resistor and the second sampling resistor outputs the bus sampling voltage.
8. The apparatus for controlling discharge of a bus capacitor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the discharge unit includes: a discharge resistor and a control switch; the discharge resistor is connected with the control switch in series and then connected with the bus capacitor in parallel.
9. The apparatus for controlling discharge of a bus capacitor according to claim 8, wherein the discharge resistor comprises: a single resistor, or a resistor group formed by connecting more than two single resistors in series and parallel; the resistance value of the discharge resistor can be determined according to the capacitance value of the bus capacitor and the bus voltage;
and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the control switch includes: a power switch tube; and the control end of the power switch tube is connected to the output end of the comparison unit.
10. An electrically controlled device, comprising: the discharge control device of the bus capacitor according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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