CN212228669U - Haze environment simulation storehouse body - Google Patents
Haze environment simulation storehouse body Download PDFInfo
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- CN212228669U CN212228669U CN202021733016.0U CN202021733016U CN212228669U CN 212228669 U CN212228669 U CN 212228669U CN 202021733016 U CN202021733016 U CN 202021733016U CN 212228669 U CN212228669 U CN 212228669U
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Abstract
The utility model belongs to the technical field of the haze environmental simulation, a haze environmental simulation storehouse body is related to. This device adopts the thinking of control humiture gradient, particulate matter particle size distribution, air velocity, salt fog composition and diffusion velocity to produce the haze equally. The simulation bin comprises three parts, a haze generation system, a bin body and a haze detection system. The haze environment is formed by the oil-coal mixed combustion chamber, the aroma combustion chamber, the soil fertilizer volatilization simulation device, the salt fog generating device and the dust generator, and the temperature and the power condition for forming and eliminating haze can be observed through the heating belt and the spraying system wound outside the bin. And finally, carrying out real-time monitoring on components and states through a particle counter, a thermocouple, a hygrothermograph and the like. The device has better effect on natural phenomena such as reduction environment temperature and humidity gradient, wind and rain, farmland fertilizer volatilization, fossil fuel combustion, pavement dust raising and the like, and the whole device is small and easy to control.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of environmental simulation, aerosol preparation, vapour-liquid two-phase flow, involve the simulation of atmospheric environment and haze phenomenon, in particular to environment haze simulation storehouse device.
Background
In the aspect of haze simulation technology, indoor and outdoor environment smoke boxes are built according to chemical reaction and gas dynamics of atmospheric aerosol ions abroad, atmospheric photochemical reaction is simulated, however, species generated in the smoke boxes are limited, the gas environment is difficult to be close to the level of haze weather, particularly severe haze weather, and specific measures for eliminating haze are not explored.
The manual simulation haze device is researched domestically, aerosol particles, salt fog and dust are respectively prepared, other physical and chemical conditions are controlled to produce haze aerosol, corresponding pollution levels can be measured, various raw materials are required to be accurately injected according to experimental parameters, and the control system is complex and high in cost. The components need to be added into a simulation device at a certain time and specification, so that the artificial haze component has a certain difference from the natural state.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims at providing a haze analogue means that is more simple on storehouse body structure, the control method can produce the haze aerosol that more accords with natural state to obtain the parameter condition that each item component corresponds.
The technical scheme of the utility model is that:
a haze environment simulation bin body comprises a haze generating system, a bin body and a haze detecting system; the bin body is a hollow cylinder made of organic glass, the top end and the bottom end of the bin body are respectively led out by an aluminum foil pipe and connected to a pipeline type ventilation fan, and gas in the bin flows in a directional and circulating mode along a closed loop;
the haze generating system comprises an oil-coal mixed combustion chamber, a fragrance combustion chamber, a soil fertilizer volatilization simulation device, a salt fog generating device, a dust generator, a rubber resistance heating belt and a resistance wire mesh;
wherein the oil-coal mixing combustion chamber is connected to an air pump through a hose; the upper side of the combustion chamber is provided with a small hole, and the kerosene is sprayed into the bottom of the cavity of the combustion chamber after being slightly atomized; placing inferior coal on a metal net at the bottom of the combustion chamber, electrifying a resistor to heat so as to burn the inferior coal, feeding compressed air from bottom to top by an air pump to support combustion, and feeding flue gas to the bottom of the bin body; can provide large-particle carbide, oxysulfide, dust and a small amount of nitrogen oxide.
The incense burning chamber is connected to a corresponding air pump through a hose; the iron wire is embedded into the bottle plug to fix the incense or cigarette, the incense stick is ignited and then is inverted, the incense stick is burnt from bottom to top to prevent incense ash from blocking an outlet, the upper side of the incense burning chamber is provided with small holes, and smoke is sprayed into the bottom of the bin body;
the device for simulating soil fertilizer volatilization is used for containing ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and soil diluent in a test tube, the bottom of the test tube is heated to volatilize, and an outlet is directly connected to the bottom of the bin body;
the salt mist generating device is characterized in that small holes are uniformly distributed on the top of the bin body and connected with a coil pipe, sulfate and nitrate are dissolved in liquid according to a specific proportion, and the salt mist is generated by an ultrasonic atomizer and is diffused into the bin body through the coil pipe; the salt fog will be settled gradually under the action of gravity, and the relative humidity of the gas in the cabin is controlled, so that the distilled water is atomized and led into the cabin, and the relative humidity can be adjusted.
A hole at the upper side of the dust generator pumps a dust sample consisting of diatomite, epoxy encapsulation powder, fly ash and raised dust into the bin body by using an air pump, and the dust sample is slowly supplemented into the dust generator by an injector;
the rubber heating belt is composed of a resistance wire and wrapped rubber, is 8cm wide and is wound on the outer side of the bin body in a snake shape; the resistance wire nets are placed at the cross sections of the bottom and the top of the bin body, the heating temperature is measured by the K-shaped armored thermocouples in the two heating modes, and the control system is matched for adjusting the power;
the haze detection system comprises a particle counter, a K-type thermocouple, a temperature and humidity measuring instrument, an anemoscope and a flowmeter and is used for detecting particle size distribution, temperature and humidity, wind speed and flow.
The bin body structure comprises a spraying device for simulating raining and eliminating haze, and the spraying device consists of a water pump, a pressure regulating valve and a spraying device, so that the water yield can be regulated.
Haze detecting system contain multiple sensor, partly imbed storehouse internal portion, partly insert inside through storehouse body round hole, the round hole seals with the aluminium foil sticky tape when not detecting.
The haze detection system comprises a particle counter, and the particle counter is used for measuring the number or weight of particles with the particle size of 0.3-10 mu m and the unit sampling volume. The particle counter measures simultaneously at A, B, C at each point at 2-4min intervals, A, B, C being the trisection of the cartridge body in the direction of the generatrix.
Furthermore, the haze detection system comprises a K-type thermocouple, wires of the wires are slender and bendable, holes are formed in the five-equal-division points of the bin body height, the probe is 0.1m in measurement depth and equal to the bin body radius, and the central temperature of gas and liquid can be measured. The thermocouple is connected to the six-channel temperature polling instrument and can be connected to a computer end for monitoring and drawing.
Further, the haze detection system comprises a temperature and humidity measuring instrument, the probe is vertically placed in the top punching hole, and the top punching hole is detachable and used for feeding back salt fog and precipitation on the top. The temperature and humidity measuring instrument automatically measures every 1-3s, only changes are observed, and data do not need to be recorded.
Further, haze detecting system contains the anemoscope, and the fan surface is parallel with the cross section during the use, and gas flow drives the flabellum and rotates, reads the wind speed value when numerical value is stable, not fixed with the storehouse body. Two measuring points are respectively arranged at the top and the bottom of the aluminum foil pipe and close to the place connected with the bin body, and are used for measuring the gas circulation speed, and the rotating shaft is perpendicular to the section of the pipeline in measurement.
Further, haze detecting system contains transparent conical tube float flowmeter, and both ends are connected to haze production system and cabin body bottom through the hose, can measure the airflow of waste gas, soil volatile matter. The maximum measuring range of the flowmeter is 10mL/min, the flow is generally controlled at 5mL/min for maintaining the precision, and the experimental determination is enough for haze.
The dust in the dust generator includes, but is not limited to, flue dust, pollen, spores, fly ash and fly ash. The dust can be obtained from the nature, and can also be obtained by further adding artificial pulverization.
Among the haze generating device, oil coal mixed combustion chamber (17), fire fragrant room (15), simulation soil fertilizer volatilizees device, salt fog generating device, dust generator (5), can connect or break off at the access point of difference according to the experiment demand, do not influence other parts of system. The flow rate of each generated component of the haze generating device can be quantitatively controlled.
Among the haze detection device, particle counter, humiture measuring apparatu, anemograph are not fixed to the storehouse body, can be at the handheld or manual fixed measurement of the time that needs detect at the position that awaits measuring.
The round hole which is not used temporarily on the bin body is covered by an aluminum foil adhesive tape to prevent gas leakage and tearing off when in use. When the waste gas in the bin is removed, the closed circulation needs to be changed into open circulation, namely the aluminum foil pipe is separated from the pipeline type ventilation fan, clean air enters the bin body through the ventilation fan, and the waste gas is discharged through the aluminum foil pipe led out from the top of the bin body and led into a ventilation cabinet or prepared alkaline solution.
The bin body is sealed in different ways at different positions: the bottom of the bin body is sealed by a shallow water layer, so that the condition of ground moisture or condensed water is simulated; under the dry condition, oil liquid seal which is difficult to volatilize and has low organic matter solubility is used;
the device is characterized in that an aluminum foil pipe, a bin body and a ventilation fan are connected in pairs, and the joints are sealed by aluminum foil adhesive tapes;
waste gas led out by the flowmeter flows through a hose and is connected into the bin body through a round hole, the hose wraps and is connected with one section of the flowmeter, and the joint of the hose and the round hole is subjected to injection molding, sealing and fixing;
the thermocouple probe extends into the bin body through the fine hole, a plurality of layers of raw material belts are wrapped on the thermocouple plastic skin and are plugged into the fine hole, and then the connecting part is sealed and fixed by the adhesive tape.
The device can simulate haze factors related to natural phenomena through a haze generating system, maintain the aerosol state for a period of time through the feedback of a monitoring system, and control the gas pollution degree according to GB 3095 and 2012 environmental air quality standards and GB/T16292-1996 air cleanliness grading standards; and in the stage that the haze exists, the environmental parameters can be monitored in real time. And the haze aerosol with different components can be obtained by manually intervening and adjusting various parameters. In addition, the wind speed, the temperature gradient, the air humidity and the precipitation condition in the nature can be respectively simulated by adjusting the rotating speeds of the pipeline type ventilation fan and the air pump, the power of the heating belts at different positions and the flow of the spraying system.
The effects and benefits of the utility model
1. This device adopts the thinking of control humiture gradient, particulate matter particle size distribution, air flow rate, salt fog composition and diffusion velocity to produce the haze, produces the situation and can carry out quantitative description to the haze.
2. Haze production factor that this device simulation is various, can simulate natural phenomena such as farmland fertilizer volatilizees, fossil fuel burning and road surface raise dust, can simulate natural environment and explore the cause of haze to a certain extent.
3. The device can restore the environmental temperature gradient and the wind and rain, thereby further exploring the method for eliminating the haze.
4. The device has compact and small structure, small occupied space and easy operation. Further improvement and addition of new influencing factors are facilitated.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram showing the structure of the apparatus.
In the figure: 1, a pipeline type ventilation fan; 2, a cabin body; 3, a temperature and humidity measuring instrument; 4 a particle counter; 5 a dust generator; 6, a spraying device; 7, a water pump; 8 a circulation ventilation duct; 9, coiling a pipe; 10 a flow meter; 11 an ultrasonic atomizer; 12, linearly arranging the thermocouples; 13 a rubber electric heating belt; 14 ammonium nitrogen fertilizer volatilizing chamber; 15, burning the incense chamber; 16 air pump; 17 oil-coal mixing combustion chamber.
Detailed Description
The device has high redundancy, can respectively adjust different working states of each part, and simulates different natural environments. In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments.
The following examples the cartridge body was made of plexiglass and was a hollow cylinder with a diameter of 0.3m, a height of 2.5m and a thickness of 2 mm. The sampling flow is set to be 2.83L/min, and each sampling needs to be specified in sampling time. A large number of experiments show that the particle size distribution data area tends to be stable when the sampling time is 8s, namely the sampling flow is about 0.377L, and the sampling time is regulated to be 8s for the control variable. Circular holes are respectively arranged at the trisection points of the bin body to be used as measuring points, and a probe is connected with a 0.1m bright and clean hard tube and extends into the central point from the measuring points. The particle size distribution at a particular location at a time can be measured. The air temperature, dew point temperature and relative humidity at the measuring point can also be measured in each measuring process.
The device relates to a manual control part, which comprises air pump flow, pollutant flow, gas circulation speed, spraying flow, heating power, dust raising speed and ultrasonic atomization power, can be smoothly and steplessly adjusted in the maximum range, and can also be calibrated and graded as required;
each air pump is provided with two air outlets, the maximum flow of each air outlet is 3.5L/min, and the maximum power is 8W;
the flow rate of the spraying device is correspondingly 120-160 mL/min;
the power of the heating belt is 80W/m, the adjustable power of the heating belt with the length of 4m and the width of 25mm is 1-320W, a temperature feedback device is attached, and the maximum temperature measurement range is 0-99 ℃;
the flow of the pollutants is controlled by a transparent conical tube suspension flowmeter, and the flow is 0-10.0 mL/min;
the minimum wind speed of the motor of the pipeline type ventilator is about 2.0m/s when the motor is started, the maximum power corresponds to the wind speed exceeding 15m/s, and 2.1-3.5m/s is usually adopted to simulate the air flow in the experiment;
the ultrasonic atomizer controls power through a knob, and further controls the atomization speed of liquid, and the power is irrelevant to the particle size of fog drops.
Example 1
The device aims to release haze-causing substances and finally realize a stable aerosol state under the condition of maintaining stable circulation of air. After confirming that the circulating ventilation pipeline 8 is hermetically connected with the upper end of the bin body and the pipeline type ventilation fan 1, starting the ventilation fan and the air pump, and measuring the wind speed by using an anemoscope, wherein the initial wind speed is controlled within the range of 2.1m/s to 3.5m/s in the normal experiment of stabilizing the wind speeds at the two ends of the aluminum foil pipe.
Igniting the oil-coal mixed combustion chamber 17, opening the aroma combustion chamber 15 to ignite aroma, then heating the volatilization chamber containing the ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, and opening the air pump 16, wherein the mixed gas comprises carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, oil smoke small droplets (micron-sized) and salt spray particles; the gear of the air pump is adjusted to be the lowest, and the injector is manually pushed to supplement a dust sample, so that the dust is rapidly expanded to the whole bin body from bottom to top; in an environment with low relative humidity, the ultrasonic atomizer 11 can be selectively turned on, and water mist is guided into the coil pipe 9 through the hose and uniformly falls down at four points.
Measuring every 2min at upper, middle and lower three sites with particle counter, and distributing particle diameter at each site according to μ g/m3When the unit of (2) fluctuates up and down within the range of severe pollution by no more than 10%, the haze stage is considered to be entered. Experiments show that in the limited space of the device, the platform period of 2-4min can be realized by burning 0.1g of incense.
Example 2
In order to research the influence of the temperature gradient near the ground caused by seasonal variation on haze, the haze monitoring method can be realized by simulating the geothermal gradient and the natural flow of air. In winter, for example, the temperature near the ground is lower than that at high altitude, and the phenomenon of forming an inverse temperature layer at night due to radiation cooling is more serious. The radial dimension of this device is less than height dimension, can be as ground in storehouse body bottom, explores the formation and the elimination of haze in the direction on perpendicular to ground.
To simulate this phenomenon, the ducted ventilation fan 1 and the air pump 16 are first kept off, and the forced flow of air in the height direction is cancelled; the power of a rubber heating belt wound on different positions of the surface of a bin body is adjusted to realize a certain temperature gradient, a thermocouple embedded in the bin body and an armored thermocouple closely contacted with the surface of the heating belt are used for monitoring the temperature, and the next step is carried out after the temperature of each position is kept stable; neglecting the influence of farmland soil volatile matter and the temperature of the coal-fired waste gas, the haze generating system only works in the incense burning chamber 15, the smoke-fired waste gas is guided into the bottom of the bin body through a hose, and the flow rate of the naturally escaping smoke gas measured by a float flowmeter under the condition of 0.17g of incense reaches 2 mL/min; consider the ground phenomenon of condensing at night, set up the shallow water layer with storehouse body bottom, the leakproofness of storehouse body bottom, prevent that gas from lossing has been guaranteed to the liquid seal simultaneously.
The particle size distribution at three sites was measured every two minutes using a particle counter, the unit was set to one per sample volume, the sample volume was set to 0.133min x 2.83L/min-0.377L, and two sampling channels were opened, with particle numbers of particle sizes 2.5 μm and 10 μm or less, respectively. Volume per sample ratio μ g/m3More accurate and can reflect the change of the quantity of the particles. The operation scheme can quantitatively research the inhibition effect of the inverse temperature phenomenon on haze diffusion.
Example 3
The device can be used for contrast experiments by exploring the vapor-liquid two-phase flow generated by precipitation and spraying or changing the temperature gradient and the relative humidity to explore the influence on haze. The first set of preliminary test period is similar to example 1, the pipeline type fan 1 and the air pump 16 are started, the air pump of the oil-coal mixed combustion chamber, the incense combustion chamber and the ammonium nitrogen fertilizer volatilization chamber is started to maintain the smoke flow of 5mL/min, the dust is continuously raised, and the salt fog is introduced. Following the initial sampling settings of the two particle counters above, the PM2.5, PM10 levels, relative humidity and temperature at each site were recorded every 2min until the contaminant level decayed to slightly contaminated, the total sampling time being dependent on the amount of coal, fragrance and soil volatile.
And introducing the waste gas in the bin into the prepared dilute solution or directly introducing the waste gas into a fume hood. Keep experimental conditions such as the wind speed level of haze production condition, 1 control of pipeline formula fan, the temperature gradient of rubber heating area control unanimous with first group's experiment, at the plateau phase that the haze formed, through adjusting flowmeter control water flow, vaporific water droplet particle size distribution, the pollutant level that corresponds is surveyed to same sampling time under the different condition that sprays, contrasts with first group's experiment. And respectively changing the constant thermal power of the heating zones at different positions and the electric power of the ultrasonic atomization device according to the same idea to obtain third and fourth groups of experimental data. The influence of human intervention on haze can be explored by comparing the data with the first group.
Claims (8)
1. A haze environment simulation bin body is characterized by comprising a haze generating system, a bin body and a haze detecting system; the bin body is a hollow cylinder made of organic glass, the top end and the bottom end of the bin body are respectively led out by an aluminum foil pipe and connected to a pipeline type ventilation fan, and gas in the bin flows in a directional and circulating mode along a closed loop;
the haze generating system comprises an oil-coal mixed combustion chamber (17), a fragrance combustion chamber (15), a soil fertilizer volatilization simulation device, a salt fog generating device, a dust generator (5), a rubber resistance heating belt and a resistance wire mesh;
wherein the oil-coal mixing combustion chamber (17) is connected to an air pump through a hose; the upper side of the combustion chamber is provided with a small hole, and the kerosene is sprayed into the bottom of the cavity of the combustion chamber after being slightly atomized; placing inferior coal on a metal net at the bottom of the combustion chamber, electrifying a resistor to heat so as to burn the inferior coal, feeding compressed air from bottom to top by an air pump to support combustion, and feeding flue gas to the bottom of the bin body;
the incense burning chamber (15) is connected to a corresponding air pump through a hose; the iron wire is embedded into the bottle plug to fix the incense or cigarette, the incense stick is ignited and then is inverted, the incense stick is burnt from bottom to top to prevent incense ash from blocking an outlet, a small hole is formed in the upper side of the incense burning chamber (15), and smoke is sprayed into the bottom of the bin body;
the device for simulating soil fertilizer volatilization is used for containing ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and soil diluent in a test tube, the bottom of the test tube is heated to volatilize, and an outlet is directly connected to the bottom of the bin body;
the salt mist generating device is characterized in that small holes are uniformly distributed on the top of the bin body and connected with a coil pipe (9), sulfate and nitrate are dissolved in liquid according to a specific proportion, and the salt mist is generated by an ultrasonic atomizer (11) and is diffused into the bin body through the coil pipe;
a hole is formed in the upper side of the dust generator (5), a dust sample is pumped into the bin body by an air pump, and the dust sample is slowly supplemented into the dust generator by an injector;
the rubber heating belt is composed of a resistance wire and wrapped rubber, and is wound on the outer side of the bin body in a snake shape; the resistance wire nets are placed at the cross sections of the bottom and the top of the bin body, the heating temperature is measured by the K-shaped armored thermocouples in the two heating modes, and the control system is matched for adjusting the power;
the haze detection system comprises a particle counter (4), a K-type thermocouple, a temperature and humidity measuring instrument (3), an anemoscope and a flowmeter (10) and is used for detecting particle size distribution, temperature and humidity, wind speed and flow.
2. The haze environment simulation bin body of claim 1, further comprising a spraying device for simulating raining and eliminating haze, wherein the spraying device comprises a water pump, a pressure regulating valve and a spraying device, and the water yield can be adjusted.
3. The haze environment simulation cartridge of claim 1, wherein said particle counter measures the number of particles or weight per sample volume having a particle size of 0.3-10 μm.
4. The haze environment simulation bin body of claim 1, wherein the K-type thermocouple and the wire of the wire are slender and bendable, holes are formed at the five-equal-division points of the bin body height, the depth measured by the probe is equal to the bin body radius, and the central temperature of gas and liquid can be measured; the thermocouple is connected to the six-channel temperature polling instrument and can be connected to a computer end for monitoring and drawing.
5. The haze environment simulation bin body according to claim 1, wherein the temperature and humidity measuring instrument (3) is detachably arranged on a probe vertically placed in a bin body top punching hole and used for feeding back salt fog and precipitation on the bin body top.
6. The haze environment simulation bin body of claim 1, wherein the surface of the fan is parallel to the cross section when the wind velocity indicator is used, the fan blades are driven to rotate by air flow, and the wind velocity value is read when the numerical value is stable and is not fixed with the bin body.
7. The haze environment simulation cabin according to claim 1, wherein the flowmeter is a transparent conical tube float flowmeter, and two ends of the flowmeter are connected to the haze generating system and the bottom of the cabin through hoses for measuring the airflow of the waste gas and the soil volatile matter; the maximum measuring range of the flowmeter is 10 mL/min.
8. The haze environment simulation cartridge of claim 1, wherein the sealing is done in different ways at different locations: the bottom of the bin body is sealed by a shallow water layer, so that the condition of ground moisture or condensed water is simulated; under the dry condition, oil liquid seal which is difficult to volatilize and has low organic matter solubility is used;
the device is characterized in that an aluminum foil pipe, a bin body and a ventilation fan are connected in pairs, and the joints are sealed by aluminum foil adhesive tapes;
waste gas led out by the flowmeter flows through a hose and is connected into the bin body through a round hole, the hose wraps and is connected with one section of the flowmeter, and the joint of the hose and the round hole is subjected to injection molding, sealing and fixing;
the thermocouple probe stretches into the bin body through the pore, and the thermocouple plastic skin is wrapped by the raw material belt and is plugged into the pore, and the junction is sealed and fixed through the adhesive tape.
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| CN111896431A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2020-11-06 | 大连理工大学 | Haze environment simulation storehouse body |
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