CN212225913U - Variable speed control system of straw returning machine - Google Patents
Variable speed control system of straw returning machine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN212225913U CN212225913U CN202020606264.2U CN202020606264U CN212225913U CN 212225913 U CN212225913 U CN 212225913U CN 202020606264 U CN202020606264 U CN 202020606264U CN 212225913 U CN212225913 U CN 212225913U
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- gear
- output shaft
- transmission
- shaft
- variable speed
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- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000012208 gear oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035553 feeding performance Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a still field machine variable speed control system of straw, this control system are at the still field machine of straw when out of work, and two keep off the separation and reunion derailleur and be in neutral gear state, and unpowered output avoids engine power output shaft to last to smashing the arbor transmission this moment, reduces the operation energy consumption. When straw returning operation is carried out, the two gears are switched through the two-gear clutch transmission, so that the switching of two different rotating speeds of the output shaft of the speed reducer can be realized, and the output shaft of the speed reducer drives the gear oil pump and the CVT to work. Meanwhile, the valve core position of the three-position four-way reversing valve is adjusted, different working ports are changed to adjust the flow path of hydraulic oil, and the speed change adjustment of the CVT is realized. Thereby the two combine to realize the infinitely variable speed in two rotational speed scopes, and then can smash the real-time regulation of arbor rotational speed to different straws.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of agricultural equipment, concretely relates to straw returning machine variable speed control system.
Background
The crop straws are wastes such as roots, stems and the like remained after rice and wheat and other crops are harvested in agricultural production, the amount of the straws in China is about 8 hundred million tons every year, the straws of the crops such as rice, wheat, corn and the like are taken as main materials, the straws usually contain various mineral substance nutrient elements and organic matter components necessary for the growth of the crops, and the straws are returned to the field for treatment, so that the soil fertility can be improved, the yield and income can be increased, and the environmental pollution caused by straw burning and excessive use of chemical fertilizers can be reduced.
The straw crushing and returning machine is a main machine for realizing direct returning of straws to the field, the fine crushing degree of the crushed straws and the uniformity of the coverage on the ground surface are main indexes for measuring the working performance of the straw crushing and returning machine, and the machine has important influence on the quality of subsequent minimum tillage-free seeding, the germination and growth of seeds and the yield of crops. The rotating speed of the crushing cutter shaft is one of the most important performance parameters of the straw crushing and returning machine, and the increase of the rotating speed of the crushing cutter shaft can not only improve the feeding performance of straws, but also improve the fluid speed of an outlet plane of the crushing chamber and improve the crushing and scattering performance of the straws. As the transmission ratio of most of the existing straw returning machines is fixed, the rotating speed of the crushing cutter shaft can not be adjusted in real time according to different crop straw types and different properties of the same type of straws, so that the straw crushing and throwing effect is not ideal, and the popularization and the application of the straw returning machines are hindered to a certain extent. Therefore, a system for controlling the rotation speed of the smashing cutter shaft of the straw returning machine is needed to be developed.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
Utility model purpose: in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the utility model provides a straw returning machine variable speed control system uses this system, can adjust the rotational speed of smashing the arbor in real time according to the still field operation needs of complicated changeable straw.
The technical scheme is as follows: the utility model relates to a variable speed control system of a straw returning machine, which comprises a mechanical variable speed gear and a hydraulic stepless variable speed system; the mechanical speed change device comprises a two-gear clutch transmission and a main speed reducer connected to the output end of the two-gear clutch transmission, and a driving gear rotating along with the output shaft of the speed reducer is arranged on the output shaft of the main speed reducer; the hydraulic stepless speed change system comprises a driven gear, a gear oil pump, a three-position four-way reversing valve and a CVT (continuously variable transmission); the driven gear is meshed with the driving gear, is arranged on a power input shaft of the gear oil pump and can drive the power input shaft to rotate; an oil inlet of the three-position four-way reversing valve is connected with an oil outlet end of the gear oil pump, and two working ports are respectively connected with two hydraulic cylinders of the CVT in a one-to-one correspondence manner; the output shaft of the speed reducer is connected with the CVT for providing power.
The working principle is as follows: when the straw returning machine does not work, the two-gear clutch transmission is in a neutral gear state, no power is output at the moment, the power output shaft of the engine is prevented from continuously transmitting the crushing cutter shaft, and the energy consumption of operation is reduced. When straw returning operation is carried out, the two gears are switched through the two-gear clutch transmission, so that the switching of two different rotating speeds of the output shaft of the speed reducer can be realized, and the output shaft of the speed reducer drives the gear oil pump and the CVT to work. Meanwhile, the valve core position of the three-position four-way reversing valve is adjusted, different working ports are changed to adjust the flow path of hydraulic oil, and the speed change adjustment of the CVT is realized. Thereby the two combine to realize the infinitely variable speed in two rotational speed scopes, and then can smash the real-time regulation of arbor rotational speed to different straws.
Has the advantages that: this straw returning machine variable speed control system can adjust crushing arbor rotational speed according to the real-time electromechanical of complicated and changeable straw returning field operation needs, the electronic hydraulic pressure linkage, especially selects different drive ratios in order to control different crushing arbor rotational speeds to different toughness straws, not only is favorable to improving the straw and smashes the qualification rate, improves the straw and spills still field degree of consistency, still is favorable to agricultural machinery operating personnel to improve the operating efficiency, reduces intensity of labour.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the control system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, the variable speed control system of the straw returning machine disclosed in this embodiment comprises a mechanical speed change device and a hydraulic stepless speed change system.
The mechanical speed change device comprises a two-gear clutch transmission, a universal transmission device and a main speed reducer connected to the two-gear clutch transmission through the universal transmission device.
Specifically, the two-speed clutch transmission includes a transmission input shaft 16 connected to the engine power output shaft, an intermediate shaft 15, and a transmission output shaft 24. An input shaft gear 17 is arranged on the transmission input shaft 16, and the intermediate shaft 15 is arranged in parallel with the transmission input shaft 16 and is provided with a constant mesh gear 14. The constant mesh gear 14 meshes with an input shaft gear 17 for the purpose of the countershaft 15 following the transmission input shaft 16.
The two-gear clutch transmission has two speed gears except for a neutral gear, wherein the first gear is formed by meshing a first intermediate shaft gear 13 and an output shaft gear 18, and the second gear is formed by meshing a second intermediate shaft gear 12 and an output shaft gear 23.
The intermediate shaft first gear 13 and the intermediate shaft second gear 12 are both mounted on the intermediate shaft 15 and rotate together with the intermediate shaft 15. The output shaft first gear 18 and the output shaft second gear 23 are sleeved on the transmission output shaft 24 in a relatively movable manner, that is, the transmission output shaft 24 penetrates through the middle of the two gears and can move relative to the two gears.
The transmission output shaft 24 is also provided with a synchronizer 19, and the synchronizer 19 is located between the output shaft first gear 18 and the output shaft second gear 23 and can move between the output shaft first gear 18 and the output shaft second gear 23. When the synchronizer 19 moves, the engaging sleeve of the synchronizer 19 also moves and shifts are achieved. The synchronizer 19 is used to engage the output shaft first gear 18 and the output shaft second gear 23, and when the synchronizer 19 abuts against the output shaft first gear 18, the synchronizer 19 engages the gear, and the transmission output shaft 24 rotates with the gear. Similarly, when the synchronizer 19 abuts against the output shaft secondary gear 23, the synchronizer and the output shaft 23 are engaged with each other, and the transmission output shaft 24 also follows the output shaft secondary gear 23 to rotate. When the synchronizer 19 is positioned between the output shaft first gear 18 and the output shaft second gear 23 and is not engaged against the two, the neutral position is obtained.
Specifically, the synchronizer 19 is moved by a shift fork assembly including an electric governor motor, a second gear 22 provided on an output shaft of the electric governor motor, a shift rack 21 engaged with the second gear 22, and a shift fork 20 connected between the shift rack 21 and the synchronizer 19. When the governor motor rotates clockwise, the second gear 22 drives the shift rack 21 to move, which drives the shift rail 20 to move and further moves the synchronizer 19 toward the output shaft first gear 18 and engages the gear. When the governor motor rotates counterclockwise, the second gear 22 drives the shift rack 21 to move, which drives the shift fork 20 to move and further move the synchronizer 19 toward the output shaft secondary gear 23 and engage with the gear.
In order to realize the stepless speed change of the system in two rotating speed ranges, the two gears are set to different transmission ratios by setting the number of teeth of each gear. In this embodiment, the transmission ratio of the first gear is far greater than that of the second gear, so that the speeds of the two gears reflected on the output shaft 30 of the speed reducer are different greatly.
The universal drive comprises two universal joints 25, one of which is connected to the transmission output shaft 24 and the other to the drive bevel gear shaft 27 of the final drive, and a propeller shaft 26 connected in between. The final drive further includes a drive bevel gear 28 connected to the drive bevel gear shaft 27, a driven bevel gear 31 engaged with the drive bevel gear 28, a reducer output shaft 30 connected to the driven bevel gear 31, and a drive gear 29 mounted on the reducer output shaft 30. The drive gear 29 rotates synchronously with a reduction output shaft 30, and the reduction output shaft 30 is connected to a drive pulley of the CVT continuously variable transmission to drive the CVT continuously variable transmission.
The hydraulic stepless speed change system comprises a driven gear 5, a gear oil pump 6, a three-position four-way reversing valve 9, a CVT (continuously variable transmission), a stepping motor, a first gear 8, a modified rack 7, a back pressure valve 10 and an overflow valve 11. Wherein, driven gear 5 is installed on the power input shaft of gear oil pump 6 and engaged with driving gear 29, so that when driving gear 29 rotates, driven gear 5 drives gear oil pump 6 to work. An oil inlet of the three-position four-way reversing valve 9 is connected with an oil outlet end of the gear oil pump 6, and an oil return port is connected with the back pressure valve 10 and is connected with an oil inlet end of the gear oil pump 6 through the back pressure valve. In order to ensure that the pressure in the hydraulic system does not exceed a specified value, a relief valve 11 is also connected between the oil outlet end and the oil inlet end of the gear oil pump 6. One working port of the three-position four-way reversing valve 9 is connected with a hydraulic cylinder 4 of a driving belt wheel 3 of the CVT continuously variable transmission, the other working port is connected with a hydraulic cylinder 33 of a driven belt wheel 1, and the output end of the driven belt wheel 1 is connected with a crushing cutter shaft 32 of the straw returning machine.
Through controlling the stepping motor, the first gear 8 installed on the power output shaft of the stepping motor rotates clockwise or anticlockwise to further drive the deflection rack 7 meshed with the first gear, the deflection rack 7 is connected with the valve core of the three-position four-way reversing valve 9, the position of the valve core can be adjusted, oil ways of different working ports are changed, the hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic cylinder 4 and the hydraulic cylinder 33 is changed in a synchronous and opposite-phase mode, and the speed change adjustment of the CVT is achieved.
When the variable speed control system of the straw returning machine is used for crushing different straws, the rotating speeds of different crushing cutter shafts can be adjusted according to the conditions of the straws.
For example, when the straw returning machine crushes and throws rice straws, the speed regulating motor can rotate clockwise to switch the gear to the second gear due to the fact that the toughness of the rice straws is high, at the moment, the transmission is low, the rotating speed of the output shaft 30 of the speed reducer is high, and the rotating speed of the crushing cutter shaft 32 is also high. And the position of the valve core of the three-position four-way multi-way valve 9 is adjusted by controlling a stepping motor, the hydraulic pressures of the hydraulic cylinder 4 and the hydraulic cylinder 33 are synchronously changed in a reversed phase manner, the effective working radiuses of the driving belt wheel 3 and the driven belt wheel 1 are further changed, and stepless speed change is realized. Further, the speed of the crushing cutter shaft 32 is changed in real time within the range of higher rotating speed, so that the rice straw crushing and scattering are more efficient.
When the straw returning machine crushes and throws the wheat straws, the speed regulating motor is controlled to rotate anticlockwise at the moment due to the fact that the toughness of the wheat straws is small, the gear is switched to be the first gear, the transmission is large at the moment, the rotating speed of the output shaft 30 of the speed reducer is low, and the rotating speed of the crushing cutter shaft 32 is also low. Similarly, the position of the valve core of the three-position four-way multi-way valve 9 is adjusted by controlling the stepping motor, the hydraulic pressures of the hydraulic cylinder 4 and the hydraulic cylinder 33 are synchronously changed in a reversed phase manner, the effective working radiuses of the driving belt wheel 3 and the driven belt wheel 1 are further changed, and stepless speed change is realized. Further, the crushing cutter shaft 32 changes the speed in real time within the range of the lower rotating speed, so that the crushing and throwing of the wheat straws are more efficient.
When the straw returning machine does not work, the synchronizer 19 is in a neutral position and does not have power output, so that the operation energy consumption of the returning machine is favorably reduced.
Obviously, by adopting the switching mode, the returning operation efficiency of different straws can be obviously improved, and the operation power consumption is reduced.
Claims (10)
1. A variable speed control system of a straw returning machine is characterized by comprising a mechanical variable speed device and a hydraulic stepless variable speed system; the mechanical speed change device comprises a two-gear clutch transmission and a main speed reducer connected to the output end of the two-gear clutch transmission, wherein a speed reducer output shaft (30) of the main speed reducer is provided with a driving gear (29) rotating along with the speed reducer output shaft (30); the hydraulic stepless speed change system comprises a driven gear (5), a gear oil pump (6), a three-position four-way reversing valve (9) and a CVT (continuously variable transmission); the driven gear (5) is meshed with the driving gear (29), and the driven gear (5) is arranged on a power input shaft of the gear oil pump (6) and can drive the power input shaft to rotate; an oil inlet of the three-position four-way reversing valve (9) is connected with an oil outlet end of the gear oil pump (6), and two working ports are respectively connected with two hydraulic cylinders of the CVT in a one-to-one correspondence manner; the reducer output shaft (30) is connected to the CVT for providing power.
2. The variable speed control system of the straw returning machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hydraulic stepless variable speed system further comprises a stepping motor, a first gear (8) mounted on an output shaft of the stepping motor, and a modified rack (7) engaged with the first gear (8), wherein the modified rack (7) is connected with a valve core of the three-position four-way reversing valve (9) for adjusting the position of the valve core.
3. The variable speed control system of the straw returning machine according to claim 1, further comprising a back pressure valve (10) and an overflow valve (11), wherein the back pressure valve (10) is connected between an oil return port of the three-position four-way reversing valve (9) and an oil inlet end of the gear oil pump (6), and the overflow valve (11) is connected with an oil outlet end and an oil inlet end of the gear oil pump (6).
4. The straw returning machine variable speed control system of claim 1, wherein the output end of the two-gear clutch transmission is a transmission output shaft (24), and the transmission output shaft (24) is sleeved with an output shaft first gear (18) and an output shaft second gear (23) in a relatively movable manner; a synchronizer (19) is further arranged on the output shaft (24) of the transmission, and the synchronizer (19) is positioned between the first gear (18) of the output shaft and the second gear (23) of the output shaft and can move between the first gear (18) of the output shaft and the second gear (23) of the output shaft; when the synchronizer (19) abuts against the output shaft first gear (18), the transmission output shaft (24) rotates along with the output shaft first gear (18); when the synchronizer (19) abuts against the output shaft secondary gear (23), the transmission output shaft (24) rotates along with the output shaft secondary gear (23).
5. The straw returning machine variable speed control system according to claim 4, wherein the two-gear clutch transmission further comprises a transmission input shaft (16) and an intermediate shaft (15) rotating along with the transmission input shaft (16); the intermediate shaft (15) is provided with an intermediate shaft first gear (13) and an intermediate shaft second gear (12) which rotate along with the intermediate shaft (15); the intermediate shaft first gear (13) is meshed with the output shaft first gear (18) to form a first gear, and the intermediate shaft second gear (12) is meshed with the output shaft second gear (23) to form a second gear.
6. The variable speed control system of a straw returning machine as claimed in claim 5, wherein the transmission ratio of the first gear is different from the transmission ratio of the second gear.
7. The straw returning machine variable speed control system of claim 4, further comprising a shift fork assembly, wherein the shift fork assembly comprises a speed regulating motor, a second gear (22) arranged on an output shaft of the speed regulating motor, a shift rack (21) engaged with the second gear (22), and a shift fork shaft (20) connected between the shift rack (21) and the synchronizer (19).
8. The straw returning machine variable speed control system according to claim 5, characterized in that an input shaft gear (17) is arranged on the transmission input shaft (16), a normally meshed gear (14) is arranged on the intermediate shaft (15), and the normally meshed gear (14) is meshed with the input shaft gear (17) to realize that the intermediate shaft (15) rotates along with the transmission input shaft (16).
9. The variable speed control system of a straw returning machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the final drive further comprises a driving bevel gear shaft (27), a driving bevel gear (28), and a driven bevel gear (31) engaged with the driving bevel gear (28); the output shaft (30) of the speed reducer is connected with the driven bevel gear (31).
10. The variable speed control system of a straw returning machine as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a universal transmission device, wherein the main speed reducer is connected with the two-gear clutch transmission through the universal transmission device.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202020606264.2U CN212225913U (en) | 2020-04-21 | 2020-04-21 | Variable speed control system of straw returning machine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202020606264.2U CN212225913U (en) | 2020-04-21 | 2020-04-21 | Variable speed control system of straw returning machine |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN212225913U true CN212225913U (en) | 2020-12-25 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202020606264.2U Expired - Fee Related CN212225913U (en) | 2020-04-21 | 2020-04-21 | Variable speed control system of straw returning machine |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN212225913U (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111503236A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-08-07 | 淮阴工学院 | Variable speed control system of straw returning machine |
-
2020
- 2020-04-21 CN CN202020606264.2U patent/CN212225913U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111503236A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-08-07 | 淮阴工学院 | Variable speed control system of straw returning machine |
| CN111503236B (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2024-04-09 | 淮阴工学院 | Variable speed control system of straw returning machine |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20220913 Address after: 223001 North side of Dongyi Road, Zhuba Town, Hongze County, Huai'an City, Jiangsu Province, East of Sewage Ecological Corridor Patentee after: Hongze County Jinhong Agricultural Development Co.,Ltd. Address before: 223005 Jiangsu Huaian economic and Technological Development Zone, 1 East Road. Patentee before: HUAIYIN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY |
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| TR01 | Transfer of patent right | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20201225 |