CN212183162U - AC-DC converter - Google Patents
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- CN212183162U CN212183162U CN202020968659.7U CN202020968659U CN212183162U CN 212183162 U CN212183162 U CN 212183162U CN 202020968659 U CN202020968659 U CN 202020968659U CN 212183162 U CN212183162 U CN 212183162U
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Abstract
The AC-DC rectifier comprises an AC-DC rectifier module, a DC switch module, a DC transformer, a transformer secondary voltage selection module, an output voltage control module, an output sensing module and a main control module; the direct current transformer comprises an alternating current-direct current rectifying module, a direct current switch module, a transformer secondary voltage selection module, an output voltage control module, an output sensing module and a main control module, wherein the alternating current-direct current rectifying module is used for rectifying input alternating current into direct current, the direct current switch module is used for shunting the direct current to control the current input to the input end of a direct current transformer, the transformer secondary voltage selection module is used for regulating and controlling the output voltage of the direct current transformer, the output voltage control module is used for outputting the output voltage of the transformer secondary voltage selection module to the direct current transformer so as to enable the output voltage of the direct current transformer to be a specified value, the output sensing module is used for outputting the output voltage of the direct current transformer to a; therefore, constant-current and constant-voltage charging of various battery packs with different voltages is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a technical field that charges, concretely relates to alternating current-direct current rectifier.
Background
The electric energy used by people comes from commercial power, the commercial power is alternating current with the voltage of 200V-240V, when the commercial power is used for charging the rechargeable battery, the alternating current must be converted into direct current, the existing charging technology of converting the alternating current into the direct current is to directly convert the alternating current into the direct current, when the voltage of the alternating current changes, the current voltage of the direct current input into the rechargeable battery also changes, as shown in figure 4, the charging efficiency with the shortest charging time is the highest only under the condition that the current voltage of the direct current input into the rechargeable battery is kept constant current and constant voltage, and under the condition that the current voltage of the direct current input into the rechargeable battery fluctuates, the charging time is prolonged, the charging efficiency is reduced, and the service life of the rechargeable battery is easily damaged.
Therefore, under the circumstance that the application of charging equipment is more and more common, a charging technology capable of charging various battery packs with different voltages by a single charger at constant current and constant voltage is urgently needed.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the utility model aims to provide an alternating current-direct current rectifier solves the problem of carrying out constant current and constant voltage charging on various battery packs with a single charger.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the technical scheme that: providing an alternating current-to-direct current rectifier which comprises an alternating current-to-direct current rectifying module, a direct current switch module, a direct current transformer, a transformer secondary voltage selection module, an output voltage control module, an output sensing module and a main control module; the alternating current-to-direct current rectifying module is used for rectifying the input alternating current into direct current, the direct current switch module is used for shunting the direct current to control the current input to the input end of the direct current transformer, the direct current transformer is used for transforming the voltage of the direct current input from the input end of the direct current transformer into a specified range, the transformer secondary voltage selection module is used for regulating and controlling the output voltage of the direct current transformer, the output voltage control module is used for outputting the output voltage of the transformer secondary voltage selection module to the direct current transformer so as to enable the output voltage of the direct current transformer to be a designated value, the output sensing module is used for outputting the output voltage of the direct-current voltage transformer to a rechargeable battery, the main control module is used for controlling the output voltage of the transformer secondary voltage selection module by detecting the voltage of a rechargeable battery;
the input end of the alternating current-to-direct current rectifying module is connected with an alternating current power supply, the alternating current-to-direct current rectifying module is electrically connected with the direct current switch module, the direct current switch module is also electrically connected with the first input end of the direct current transformer, the output end of the direct current transformer is electrically connected with the output sensing module, the output end of the output sensing module is connected with a rechargeable battery, the output sensing module is also electrically connected with the main control module, the main control module is also electrically connected with the transformer secondary voltage selection module, the transformer secondary voltage selection module is electrically connected with the output voltage control module, and the output voltage control module is also electrically connected with the second input end of the direct current transformer;
the alternating current is converted into direct current through the alternating current-to-direct current rectifying module, the direct current is input to the direct current transformer after being subjected to shunt processing by the direct current transformer, the direct current transformer converts the voltage of the direct current after the shunting treatment into a specified range and outputs the voltage to the output sensing module, the main control module detects the voltage of a rechargeable battery connected with the output sensing module through the output sensing module, the main control module controls the output voltage of the transformer secondary voltage selection module to a specified value according to the voltage of the rechargeable battery, the output voltage control module outputs the output voltage of the transformer secondary voltage selection module to the rechargeable battery connected with the output sensing module through the direct current transformer, so that the function of constant-current and constant-voltage charging of the rechargeable battery is realized.
Further, the transformer secondary voltage selection module comprises a resistor group and a selection switch; each resistor group outputs different voltage values, and each selection switch is controlled to enable the transformer secondary voltage selection module to output a specified voltage value.
Further, the resistor group comprises a first resistor group, a second resistor group, a third resistor group and a fourth resistor group, and the selection switch comprises a first selection switch, a second selection switch and a third selection switch; the first resistor group comprises resistors R10A, R11A, R12A and R13A, the second resistor group comprises resistors R10B, R11B, R12B and R13B, the third resistor group comprises resistors R10C, R11C, R12C and R13C, the fourth resistor group comprises resistors R10D, R11D, R12D and R13D, the first selection switch comprises a switch S1, a terminal S1-A and a terminal S1-B, the second selection switch comprises a switch S2, a terminal S2-A and a terminal S2-B, and the third selection switch comprises a switch S3, a terminal S3-A, a terminal S3-B and a terminal Vout;
one end of the resistor R10A is connected to one end of the resistor R11A, a connection point VfA between the other end of the resistor R11A and one end of the resistor R12A is connected to the terminal S1-a, the other end of the resistor R12A is connected to one end of the resistor R13A, and the other end of the resistor R13A is grounded;
one end of the resistor R10B is connected to one end of the resistor R11B, a connection point VfB between the other end of the resistor R11A and one end of the resistor R12B is connected to the terminal S1-B, the other end of the resistor R12B is connected to one end of the resistor R13B, and the other end of the resistor R13B is grounded;
one end of the resistor R10C is connected to one end of the resistor R11C, a connection point VfC between the other end of the resistor R11C and one end of the resistor R12C is connected to the terminal S2-a, the other end of the resistor R12C is connected to one end of the resistor R13C, and the other end of the resistor R13C is grounded;
one end of the resistor R10D is connected to one end of the resistor R11D, a connection point VfD between the other end of the resistor R11D and one end of the resistor R12D is connected to the terminal S2-B, the other end of the resistor R12D is connected to one end of the resistor R13D, and the other end of the resistor R13D is grounded;
the terminal S3-A is used for connecting the terminal S1-A or the terminal S1-B, and the terminal S3-B is used for connecting the terminal S2-A or the terminal S2-B; the terminal Vout is used for connecting the terminal S3-A or the terminal S3-B;
the transformer secondary voltage selection module further comprises an auxiliary element diode D2, and the other end of the resistor R10A, the other end of the resistor R10B, the other end of the resistor R10C and the other end of the resistor R10D are connected and then connected with the anode of the diode D2.
Further, the voltage output from the connection point VfA is V1, the voltage output from the connection point VfB is V2, the voltage output from the connection point VfC is V3, and the voltage output from the connection point VfD is V4;
when the terminal S3-A is connected with the terminal S1-A and the terminal Vout is connected with the terminal S3-A, the output voltage of the transformer secondary voltage selection module is V1;
when the terminal S3-A is connected with the terminal S1-B and the terminal Vout is connected with the terminal S3-A, the output voltage of the transformer secondary voltage selection module is V2;
when the terminal S3-B is connected with the terminal S2-A and the terminal Vout is connected with the terminal S3-B, the output voltage of the transformer secondary voltage selection module is V3;
when the terminal S3-B is connected with the terminal S2-B and the terminal Vout is connected with the terminal S3-B, the output voltage of the transformer secondary voltage selection module is V4.
Further, the output voltage control module comprises an isolated flyback power controller U1, a polar capacitor C12, capacitors C13 and C14, an MOS transistor Q1, triodes Q2 and Q3, resistors R7, R8 and R9; the isolated flyback power controller U1 is used for providing constant voltage and constant current;
the negative electrode of the polar capacitor C12 is connected with the other end of the capacitor C13 and then grounded, the positive electrode of the polar capacitor C12 is connected with the negative electrode of the diode D2, the positive electrode of the polar capacitor C12 is also connected with one end of the capacitor C13, the other end of the capacitor C14 is grounded, one end of the capacitor C14 is also connected with the collector of the triode Q2, the other end of the resistor R9 is respectively connected with the base of the triode Q2 and the base of the triode Q3, the connecting point of the emitter of the triode Q2 and the emitter of the triode Q3 is connected with the gate of the MOS transistor Q1, and the source of the MOS transistor is connected with the other end of the resistor R7.
Further, the output sensing module comprises a diode D20, a bidirectional voltage stabilizing diode DC1, a voltage stabilizing diode DZ22, a switch K1, a fuse F20, polar capacitors C20 and C21, a capacitor C22, resistors R20, R21, R22 and R23, a connector JP 20; the connector JP20 is an output end of the output sensing module and is used for connecting a rechargeable battery; the diode D20 is two diodes connected in parallel in the same direction, the anode of the diode D20 is a connection point of the anodes of the two diodes connected in parallel in the same direction, and the cathode of the diode D20 is a connection point of the cathodes of the two diodes connected in parallel in the same direction;
the anode of the polar capacitor C20 is connected to the pin 12 of the DC transformer, the cathode of the diode D20 is connected to the pin 8 of the DC transformer, the anode of the polar capacitor C20 is further connected to the anode of the polar capacitor C21, one end of the capacitor C22, one end of the resistor R20, one end of the bistable diode DC1 and one end of the zener diode DZ22, and then connected to one end of the fuse F20, the anode of the diode D20 is connected to the cathode of the polar capacitor C20, the cathode of the polar capacitor C21, the other end of the capacitor C22, one end of the resistor R21, the other end of the bistable diode DC1 and the anode of the zener diode DZ22, and then connected to ground, the other end of the resistor R20 is connected to the other end of the resistor R21, the other end of the fuse F20 is connected to the first contact of the switch K1, and the switch K1 is further connected to the power supply 5V 1, the second contact of the switch K1 is connected to one end of the resistor R22 and the pin 2 of the connector JP20, respectively, and the other end of the resistor R22 is connected to one end of the resistor R23.
Further, the main control module comprises a low-power bidirectional isolator U6, a current detection chip U7, a voltage stabilizing diode DZ23, capacitors C24, C25, C26 and C32; the low-power bidirectional isolator U6 is used for isolating the I2C to avoid interference and harmful level from influencing signal transmission, and the current detection chip U7 is a monitor for current, power and voltage;
pin 1 of the low-power bidirectional isolator U6 is connected to one end of the capacitor C32 and a power supply 5V, the other end of the capacitor C32 is grounded, pin 4 of the low-power bidirectional isolator U6 is grounded, pin 5 of the low-power bidirectional isolator U6 is grounded, pin 8 of the low-power bidirectional isolator U6 is connected to one end of the capacitor C24 and the power supply 5V, pin 7 of the low-power bidirectional isolator U6 is connected to pin 8 of the current detection chip U7, and pin 6 of the low-power bidirectional isolator U6 is connected to pin 9 of the current detection chip U7;
the pin 1, the pin 2 and the pin 3 of the current detection chip U7 are connected and then connected with the pin 1 of the connector JP20, the pin 16, the pin 15 and the pin 14 of the current detection chip U7 are connected and then connected with the other end of the resistor R23, the pin 12 of the current detection chip U7 is respectively connected with one end of the capacitor C26 and the cathode of the zener diode DZ23, the cathode of the zener diode DZ23 is also connected with the connection point of the other end of the resistor R22 and one end of the resistor R23, the pin 11 of the current detection chip U7 is respectively connected with the other end of the capacitor C26 and the anode of the zener diode DZ23, the other end of the capacitor C26 is grounded, the pin 19 of the current detection chip U7 is respectively connected with one end of the capacitor C25 and the power supply 5V, the other end of the capacitor C25 is grounded, and the pin 4, the pin 15 of the current detection chip U7 are connected with the pin 4, The pins 5 and 6 are connected and then grounded.
Further, the alternating current-direct current rectifying module comprises a connector JP1, a fuse F1, a capacitor C1, common mode inductors L1 and L2 and a rectifying bridge D1; the connector JP1 is an input end of the ac-to-dc rectification module and is used for accessing ac power; the common-mode inductors L1 and L2 are used for suppressing common-mode interference existing in an alternating current power grid; the rectifier bridge D1 is composed of diodes D11, D12, D13 and D14, wherein the cathode of the diode D11 is connected with the cathode of the diode D12, the anode of the diode D13 is connected with the anode of the diode D14, the anode of the diode D11 is connected with the cathode of the diode D13, and the anode of the diode D12 is connected with the cathode of the diode D14;
pin 1 of the connector JP1 is connected to one end of the fuse F1, the other end of the fuse F1 is connected to one end of the capacitor C1 and one end of the common mode inductor L1, pin 2 of the connector JP1 is connected to the other end of the capacitor C1 and one end of the common mode inductor L2, pin 3 of the connector JP1 is grounded, the other end of the common mode inductor L1 is connected to a connection point between the anode of the diode D11 and the cathode of the diode D13, and the other end of the common mode inductor L2 is connected to a connection point between the anode of the diode D12 and the cathode of the diode D14.
Further, the direct current switch module comprises capacitors C2 and C3, resistors R1, R2, R3 and R4; one end of the capacitor C2 is connected to one end of the capacitor C3, one end of the capacitor C3 is further connected to one end of the resistor R1, one end of the resistor R1 is further connected to one end of the resistor R3, one end of the resistor R3 is further connected to the pin 2 of the dc transformer, the other end of the capacitor C2 is grounded, the other end of the capacitor C2 is further connected to the other end of the capacitor C3, the other end of the capacitor C3 is further connected to one end of the resistor R2, one end of the resistor R2 is further connected to one end of the resistor R4, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected to the other end of the resistor R2, and the other end of the resistor R3 is connected to the other end of the resistor R4.
Furthermore, one end of the capacitor C2 is further connected to a connection point between the cathode of the diode D11 and the cathode of the diode D12, and the other end of the capacitor C2 is further connected to a connection point between the anode of the diode D13 and the anode of the diode D14, so that the dc power output from the ac-dc rectifier module flows into the dc switch module.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model provides an alternating current-direct current rectifier, including alternating current-direct current rectifier module, direct current switch module, direct current transformer, transformer secondary voltage selection module, output voltage control module, output sensing module and main control module; the direct current switch module is used for shunting the direct current to control the current input to the input end of the direct current transformer, the direct current transformer is used for converting the voltage of the direct current input from the input end of the direct current transformer into a specified range, the transformer secondary voltage selection module is used for regulating and controlling the output voltage of the direct current transformer, the output voltage control module is used for outputting the output voltage of the transformer secondary voltage selection module to the direct current transformer so as to enable the output voltage of the direct current transformer to be a specified value, the output sensing module is used for outputting the output voltage of the direct current transformer to the rechargeable battery, and the main control module is used for controlling the output voltage of the transformer secondary voltage selection module by detecting the voltage of the rechargeable battery; therefore, constant-current and constant-voltage charging of various battery packs with different voltages is realized, and the problem of constant-current and constant-voltage charging of various battery packs with different voltages by a single charger is solved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a system of an ac-dc converter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of an ac-dc converter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a control principle of a transformer secondary voltage selection module of an ac-dc converter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating characteristics of constant-current and constant-voltage charging of an ac-dc converter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The mark in the figure is 1, and the alternating current-direct current rectifying module; 2. a DC switch module; 3. an output voltage control module; 4. an output sensing module; 5. a main control module; 6. a transformer secondary voltage selection module; 7. a DC transformer.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The same or similar reference numerals in the drawings of the present embodiment correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there are the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of description and simplification of the description, but it is not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and therefore the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and are not to be construed as limitations of the present patent, and those skilled in the art can understand the specific meanings of the terms according to specific situations.
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the present invention provides a preferred embodiment.
Referring to fig. 1, the ac-to-dc rectifier provided in this embodiment includes an ac-to-dc rectifier module 1, a dc switch module 2, a dc transformer 7, a transformer secondary voltage selection module 6, an output voltage control module 3, an output sensing module 4, and a main control module 5; the alternating current-to-direct current rectifying module 1 is used for rectifying input alternating current into direct current, the direct current switch module 2 is used for shunting the direct current to control current input to an input end of a direct current transformer 7, the direct current transformer 7 is used for converting voltage of the direct current input from the input end of the direct current transformer 7 into a specified range, the transformer secondary voltage selection module 6 is used for regulating and controlling output voltage of the direct current transformer 7, the output voltage control module 3 is used for outputting the output voltage of the transformer secondary voltage selection module 6 to the direct current transformer 7 so as to enable the output voltage of the direct current transformer 7 to be a specified value, the output sensing module 4 is used for outputting the output voltage of the direct current transformer to a rechargeable battery, and the main control module 5 is used for controlling the output voltage of the transformer secondary voltage selection module 6 by detecting the voltage of the rechargeable battery;
the input end of an AC-DC rectifying module 1 is connected with an AC power supply, the AC-DC rectifying module 1 is electrically connected with a DC switch module 2, the DC switch module 2 is also electrically connected with a first input end of a DC transformer 7, the output end of the DC transformer 7 is electrically connected with an output sensing module 4, the output end of the output sensing module 4 is connected with a rechargeable battery, the output sensing module 4 is also electrically connected with a main control module 5, the main control module 5 is also electrically connected with a transformer secondary voltage selection module 6, the transformer secondary voltage selection module 6 is electrically connected with an output voltage control module 3, and the output voltage control module 3 is also electrically connected with a second input end of the DC transformer 7;
alternating current is converted into direct current through the alternating current-direct current rectifying module 1, the direct current is input to the direct current transformer 7 after being subjected to shunt processing through the direct current transformer 7, the direct current transformer 7 converts the voltage of the direct current subjected to the shunt processing into a specified range and outputs the converted voltage to the output sensing module 4, the main control module 5 detects the voltage of a rechargeable battery connected with the output sensing module 4 through the output sensing module 4, the main control module 5 controls the output voltage of the transformer secondary voltage selection module 6 to be a specified value according to the voltage of the rechargeable battery, the output voltage control module 3 outputs the output voltage of the transformer secondary voltage selection module 6 to the rechargeable battery connected with the output sensing module 4 through the direct current transformer 7, and therefore the function of constant-current and constant-voltage charging of the rechargeable battery is achieved.
The alternating current-to-direct current rectifier provided by the technical scheme comprises an alternating current-to-direct current rectification module 1, a direct current switch module 2, a direct current transformer 7, a transformer secondary voltage selection module 6, an output voltage control module 3, an output sensing module 4 and a main control module 5; the alternating current-to-direct current rectifying module 1 is used for rectifying input alternating current into direct current, the direct current switch module 2 is used for shunting the direct current to control current input to an input end of a direct current transformer 7, the direct current transformer 7 is used for converting voltage of the direct current input from the input end of the direct current transformer 7 into a specified range, the transformer secondary voltage selection module 6 is used for regulating and controlling output voltage of the direct current transformer 7, the output voltage control module 3 is used for outputting the output voltage of the transformer secondary voltage selection module 6 to the direct current transformer 7 so as to enable the output voltage of the direct current transformer 7 to be a specified value, the output sensing module 4 is used for outputting the output voltage of the direct current transformer to a rechargeable battery, and the main control module 5 is used for controlling the output voltage of the transformer secondary voltage selection module 6 by detecting the voltage of the rechargeable battery; therefore, constant-current and constant-voltage charging of various battery packs with different voltages is realized, and the problem of constant-current and constant-voltage charging of various battery packs with different voltages by a single charger is solved.
Specifically, referring to fig. 2, a first input terminal of the dc transformer 7 is a pin 2 of the dc transformer 7, and a second input terminal of the dc transformer 7 is a pin 1 of the dc transformer 7.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the transformer secondary voltage selection module 6 includes a resistor group and a selection switch; each resistor group outputs different voltage values, and each selection switch is controlled to enable the transformer secondary voltage selection module 6 to output a specified voltage value.
Specifically, referring to fig. 2, the resistor group includes a first resistor group, a second resistor group, a third resistor group, and a fourth resistor group, and the selection switch includes a first selection switch, a second selection switch, and a third selection switch; the first resistor group comprises resistors R10A, R11A, R12A and R13A, the second resistor group comprises resistors R10B, R11B, R12B and R13B, the third resistor group comprises resistors R10C, R11C, R12C and R13C, the fourth resistor group comprises resistors R10D, R11D, R12D and R13D, the first selection switch comprises a switch S1, a terminal S1-A and a terminal S1-B, the second selection switch comprises a switch S2, a terminal S2-A and a terminal S2-B, and the third selection switch comprises a switch S3, a terminal S3-A, a terminal S3-B and a terminal Vout;
one end of the resistor R10A is connected with one end of the resistor R11A, a connection point VfA between the other end of the resistor R11A and one end of the resistor R12A is connected with the terminal S1-A, the other end of the resistor R12A is connected with one end of the resistor R13A, and the other end of the resistor R13A is grounded;
one end of the resistor R10B is connected with one end of the resistor R11B, the connection point VFB of the other end of the resistor R11A and one end of the resistor R12B is connected with the terminal S1-B, the other end of the resistor R12B is connected with one end of the resistor R13B, and the other end of the resistor R13B is grounded;
one end of the resistor R10C is connected with one end of the resistor R11C, a connection point VfC between the other end of the resistor R11C and one end of the resistor R12C is connected with the terminal S2-A, the other end of the resistor R12C is connected with one end of the resistor R13C, and the other end of the resistor R13C is grounded;
one end of the resistor R10D is connected with one end of the resistor R11D, the connection point VfD between the other end of the resistor R11D and one end of the resistor R12D is connected with the terminal S2-B, the other end of the resistor R12D is connected with one end of the resistor R13D, and the other end of the resistor R13D is grounded;
the terminal S3-A is used for connecting the terminal S1-A or the terminal S1-B, and the terminal S3-B is used for connecting the terminal S2-A or the terminal S2-B; the terminal Vout is used for connecting the terminal S3-A or the terminal S3-B;
the transformer secondary voltage selection module 6 further comprises an auxiliary element diode D2, and the other end of the resistor R10A, the other end of the resistor R10B, the other end of the resistor R10C and the other end of the resistor R10D are connected to the anode of the diode D2.
Specifically, referring to fig. 2, the voltage output from the connection point VfA is V1, the voltage output from the connection point VfB is V2, the voltage output from the connection point VfC is V3, and the voltage output from the connection point VfD is V4;
when the terminal S3-A is connected with the terminal S1-A and the terminal Vout is connected with the terminal S3-A, the output voltage of the transformer secondary voltage selection module 6 is V1;
when the terminal S3-A is connected with the terminal S1-B and the terminal Vout is connected with the terminal S3-A, the output voltage of the transformer secondary voltage selection module 6 is V2;
when the terminal S3-B is connected with the terminal S2-A and the terminal Vout is connected with the terminal S3-B, the output voltage of the transformer secondary voltage selection module 6 is V3;
when the terminal S3-B is connected to the terminal S2-B and the terminal Vout is connected to the terminal S3-B, the output voltage of the transformer secondary voltage selection module 6 is V4.
As an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 2, the output voltage control module 3 includes an isolated flyback power controller U1, a polarity capacitor C12, capacitors C13 and C14, a MOS transistor Q1, triodes Q2 and Q3, resistors R7, R8, and R9; the isolated flyback power controller U1 is used for providing constant voltage and constant current;
a pin 2 of an isolated flyback power controller U1 is connected with a terminal Vout, a pin 4 of an isolated flyback power controller U1 is grounded, a pin 1 of an isolated flyback power controller U1 is respectively connected with one end of a capacitor C13 and one end of a capacitor C14, a pin 6 of an isolated flyback power controller U1 is connected with one end of a resistor R9, and a pin 5 of an isolated flyback power controller U1 is respectively connected with one end of a resistor R7 and one end of a resistor R6;
the negative electrode of a polar capacitor C12 is connected with the other end of a capacitor C13 and then grounded, the positive electrode of a polar capacitor C12 is connected with the negative electrode of a diode D2, the positive electrode of a polar capacitor C12 is also connected with one end of a capacitor C13, the other end of a capacitor C14 is grounded, one end of a capacitor C14 is also connected with the collector of a triode Q2, the other end of a resistor R9 is respectively connected with the base of a triode Q2 and the base of a triode Q3, the connecting point of the emitter of the triode Q2 and the emitter of a triode Q3 is connected with the gate of a MOS transistor Q1, and the source of the MOS transistor is connected with the other end.
Specifically, referring to fig. 2, the drain of the MOS transistor Q1 is connected to the pin 1 of the dc transformer 7, so as to input the output voltage of the output voltage control module 3 to the dc transformer 7, and then output the output voltage from the dc transformer 7 to the output sensing module 4.
As an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 2, the output sensing module 4 includes a diode D20, a bidirectional zener diode DC1, a zener diode DZ22, a switch K1, a fuse F20, polarity capacitors C20 and C21, a capacitor C22, resistors R20, R21, R22 and R23, and a connector JP 20; the connector JP20 is an output end of the output sensing module 4, and is used for connecting a rechargeable battery; the diode D20 is two diodes connected in parallel in the same direction, the anode of the diode D20 is a connection point of the anodes of the two diodes connected in parallel in the same direction, and the cathode of the diode D20 is a connection point of the cathodes of the two diodes connected in parallel in the same direction;
the anode of the polar capacitor C20 is connected with the pin 12 of the DC transformer 7, the cathode of the diode D20 is connected with the pin 8 of the DC transformer 7, the anode of the polar capacitor C20 is also connected with the anode of the polar capacitor C21, one end of the capacitor C22, one end of the resistor R20, one end of the bistable diode DC1 and one end of the stabilizing diode DZ22, and then connected with the fuse F20, the anode of the diode D20 and the cathode of the polar capacitor C20, the negative electrode of the polar capacitor C21, the other end of the capacitor C22, one end of the resistor R21, the other end of the bi-stable voltage diode DC1 and the positive electrode of the voltage stabilizing diode DZ22 are connected and then grounded, the other end of the resistor R20 is connected with the other end of the resistor R21, the other end of the fuse F20 is connected with a first contact of a switch K1, the switch K1 is further connected with a power supply 5V, a second contact of the switch K1 is respectively connected with one end of the resistor R22 and the pin 2 of the connector JP20, and the other end of the resistor R22 is connected with one end of the resistor R23.
As an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 2, the main control module 5 includes a low power consumption bidirectional isolator U6, a current detection chip U7, a zener diode DZ23, capacitors C24, C25, C26, and C32; the low-power consumption bidirectional isolator U6 is used for isolating the I2C to avoid interference and harmful level from influencing signal transmission, and the current detection chip U7 is a monitor for current, power and voltage;
pin 1 of a low-power-consumption bidirectional isolator U6 is respectively connected with one end of a capacitor C32 and a power supply 5V, the other end of the capacitor C32 is grounded, pin 4 of a low-power-consumption bidirectional isolator U6 is grounded, pin 5 of a low-power-consumption bidirectional isolator U6 is grounded, pin 8 of a low-power-consumption bidirectional isolator U6 is respectively connected with one end of the capacitor C24 and the power supply 5V, pin 7 of a low-power-consumption bidirectional isolator U6 is connected with pin 8 of a current detection chip U7, and pin 6 of a low-power-consumption bidirectional isolator U6 is connected with pin 9 of the current detection chip U7;
pin 1, pin 2 and pin 3 of the current detection chip U7 are connected and then connected with pin 1 of the connector JP20, pin 16, pin 15 and pin 14 of the current detection chip U7 are connected and then connected with the other end of the resistor R23, pin 12 of the current detection chip U7 is connected with one end of the capacitor C26 and the negative electrode of the zener diode DZ23 respectively, the negative electrode of the zener diode DZ23 is also connected with the connection point of the other end of the resistor R22 and one end of the resistor R23, pin 11 of the current detection chip U7 is connected with the other end of the capacitor C26 and the positive electrode of the zener diode DZ23 respectively, the other end of the capacitor C26 is grounded, pin 19 of the current detection chip U7 is connected with one end of the capacitor C25 and the power supply 5V respectively, the other end of the capacitor C25 is grounded, and pin 4, pin 5 and pin 6 of the current detection chip U7 are.
As an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 2, the ac-dc rectifier module 1 includes a connector JP1, a fuse F1, a capacitor C1, common mode inductors L1 and L2, and a rectifier bridge D1; the connector JP1 is an input end of the AC-DC rectifier module 1 and is used for accessing AC; the common-mode inductors L1 and L2 are used for suppressing common-mode interference existing in an alternating current power grid; the rectifier bridge D1 is composed of diodes D11, D12, D13 and D14, wherein the cathode of the diode D11 is connected with the cathode of the diode D12, the anode of the diode D13 is connected with the anode of the diode D14, the anode of the diode D11 is connected with the cathode of the diode D13, and the anode of the diode D12 is connected with the cathode of the diode D14;
pin 1 of connector JP1 is connected to one end of fuse F1, the other end of fuse F1 is connected to one end of capacitor C1 and one end of common mode inductor L1, pin 2 of connector JP1 is connected to the other end of capacitor C1 and one end of common mode inductor L2, pin 3 of connector JP1 is grounded, the other end of common mode inductor L1 is connected to the connection point between the anode of diode D11 and the cathode of diode D13, and the other end of common mode inductor L2 is connected to the connection point between the anode of diode D12 and the cathode of diode D14.
As an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 2, the dc switch module 2 includes capacitors C2 and C3, resistors R1, R2, R3, and R4; one end of a capacitor C2 is connected with one end of a capacitor C3, one end of a capacitor C3 is further connected with one end of a resistor R1, one end of a resistor R1 is further connected with one end of a resistor R3, one end of a resistor R3 is further connected with a pin 2 of a direct current transformer 7, the other end of a capacitor C2 is grounded, the other end of a capacitor C2 is further connected with the other end of a capacitor C3, the other end of a capacitor C3 is further connected with one end of a resistor R2, one end of a resistor R2 is further connected with one end of a resistor R4, the other end of a resistor R1 is connected with the other end of a resistor R2, and the other end of a resistor.
Specifically, referring to fig. 2, one end of the capacitor C2 is further connected to a connection point between the cathode of the diode D11 and the cathode of the diode D12, and the other end of the capacitor C2 is further connected to a connection point between the anode of the diode D13 and the anode of the diode D14, so that the dc power output from the ac-dc rectifier module 1 flows into the dc switch module 2.
The working principle of the AC-DC rectifier is explained as follows: the input end of an AC-DC conversion rectification module 1 is connected with a mains supply, the output end of an output sensing module 4 is connected with a rechargeable battery, the AC-DC conversion rectification module 1 converts 200V-240V AC into 200V-240V DC, a DC transformer 7 converts the voltage of the 200V-240V DC into voltage meeting the requirement range of the rechargeable battery, then the voltage is input into the rechargeable battery through the output sensing module 4, a main control module 5 detects the voltage of the rechargeable battery through the output sensing module 4, selects a charging voltage value according to the charging power, a transformer secondary voltage selection module 6 regulates and controls through 4 groups of resistors and 3 switches so that the output voltage is the charging voltage value selected by the main control module 5, an output voltage control module 3 regulates and controls the output voltage of the transformer secondary voltage selection module 6 into a constant voltage value and outputs the constant voltage value to the DC transformer 7, the voltage is output to the rechargeable battery through the output sensing module 4 by the direct current transformer 7, and the constant current is generated by the constant voltage, so that the input rechargeable battery is ensured to be constant current and constant voltage instead of fluctuating current and voltage.
Table 1: comparison table of voltage, charging power and charging voltage of rechargeable battery
When the charging power is 250W, the comparison table of the voltage of the rechargeable battery, the charging power and the charging voltage is shown in table 1, when the main control module 5 detects that the voltage of the rechargeable battery is between 33.6V and 40.8V, the output voltage of the transformer secondary voltage selection module 6 is V1, and the charging voltage output to the rechargeable battery is 40.8V; when the main control module 5 detects that the voltage of the rechargeable battery is between 44.8V and 54.4V, the output voltage of the transformer secondary voltage selection module 6 is V2, and the charging voltage output to the rechargeable battery is 54.4V; when the main control module 5 detects that the voltage of the rechargeable battery is between 56.0V and 68.0V, the output voltage of the transformer secondary voltage selection module 6 is V3, and the charging voltage output to the rechargeable battery is 68.0V; when the main control module 5 detects that the voltage of the rechargeable battery is between 68.0V and 81.6V, the output voltage of the transformer secondary voltage selection module 6 is V4, and the charging voltage output to the rechargeable battery is 81.6V.
As shown in FIG. 3, when the output voltage of the transformer secondary voltage selection module 6 is V1, i.e. VfA, the contact of the switch S3 is connected to the terminal S3-A, and the terminal S3-A is connected to the terminal S1-A of the switch S1; when the output voltage of the transformer secondary voltage selection module 6 is V2, namely VFB, the contact of the switch S3 is communicated with the terminal S3-A, and the terminal S3-A is communicated with the terminal S1-B of the switch S1; when the output voltage of the transformer secondary voltage selection module 6 is V3, namely VfC, the contact of the switch S3 is communicated with the terminal S3-B, and the terminal S3-B is communicated with the terminal S2-A of the switch S2; when the output voltage of the transformer secondary voltage selection module 6 is V4, i.e., VfD, the contact of the switch S3 is connected to the terminal S3-B, and the terminal S3-B is connected to the terminal S2-B of the switch S2.
As shown in fig. 4, when the charging voltage is constant voltage and the charging current is constant current, the charging time is shortest, the charging efficiency is highest, and the damage of the constant current and the constant voltage to the rechargeable battery is also smallest, so that the service life of the rechargeable battery is prolonged.
Preferably, the model of the current detection chip U7 is INA260, the model of the low-power consumption bidirectional isolator U6 is ISO1541, and the model of the isolated flyback power controller U1 is UCC 28730.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the invention is not limited to the embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make many equivalent modifications or substitutions without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the equivalent modifications or substitutions are included in the scope of protection defined by the claims of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The AC-DC converter is characterized by comprising an AC-DC rectifying module, a DC switch module, a DC transformer, a transformer secondary voltage selection module, an output voltage control module, an output sensing module and a main control module; the alternating current-to-direct current rectifying module is used for rectifying the input alternating current into direct current, the direct current switch module is used for shunting the direct current to control the current input to the input end of the direct current transformer, the direct current transformer is used for transforming the voltage of the direct current input from the input end of the direct current transformer into a specified range, the transformer secondary voltage selection module is used for regulating and controlling the output voltage of the direct current transformer, the output voltage control module is used for outputting the output voltage of the transformer secondary voltage selection module to the direct current transformer so as to enable the output voltage of the direct current transformer to be a designated value, the output sensing module is used for outputting the output voltage of the direct current transformer to a rechargeable battery, the main control module is used for controlling the output voltage of the transformer secondary voltage selection module by detecting the voltage of a rechargeable battery;
the input end of the alternating current-to-direct current rectifying module is connected with an alternating current power supply, the alternating current-to-direct current rectifying module is electrically connected with the direct current switch module, the direct current switch module is also electrically connected with the first input end of the direct current transformer, the output end of the direct current transformer is electrically connected with the output sensing module, the output end of the output sensing module is connected with a rechargeable battery, the output sensing module is also electrically connected with the main control module, the main control module is also electrically connected with the transformer secondary voltage selection module, the transformer secondary voltage selection module is electrically connected with the output voltage control module, and the output voltage control module is also electrically connected with the second input end of the direct current transformer;
the alternating current is converted into direct current through the alternating current-to-direct current rectifying module, the direct current is input to the direct current transformer after being subjected to shunt processing by the direct current transformer, the direct current transformer converts the voltage of the direct current after the shunting treatment into a specified range and outputs the voltage to the output sensing module, the main control module detects the voltage of a rechargeable battery connected with the output sensing module through the output sensing module, the main control module controls the output voltage of the transformer secondary voltage selection module to a specified value according to the voltage of the rechargeable battery, the output voltage control module outputs the output voltage of the transformer secondary voltage selection module to the rechargeable battery connected with the output sensing module through the direct current transformer, so that the function of constant-current and constant-voltage charging of the rechargeable battery is realized.
2. The ac-dc rectifier of claim 1, wherein the transformer secondary voltage selection module comprises a resistor bank and a selection switch; each resistor group outputs different voltage values, and each selection switch is controlled to enable the transformer secondary voltage selection module to output a specified voltage value.
3. The ac-dc rectifier of claim 2 wherein the resistor sets include a first resistor set, a second resistor set, a third resistor set, and a fourth resistor set, and the selection switches include a first selection switch, a second selection switch, and a third selection switch; the first resistor group comprises resistors R10A, R11A, R12A and R13A, the second resistor group comprises resistors R10B, R11B, R12B and R13B, the third resistor group comprises resistors R10C, R11C, R12C and R13C, the fourth resistor group comprises resistors R10D, R11D, R12D and R13D, the first selection switch comprises a switch S1, a terminal S1-A and a terminal S1-B, the second selection switch comprises a switch S2, a terminal S2-A and a terminal S2-B, and the third selection switch comprises a switch S3, a terminal S3-A, a terminal S3-B and a terminal Vout;
one end of the resistor R10A is connected to one end of the resistor R11A, a connection point VfA between the other end of the resistor R11A and one end of the resistor R12A is connected to the terminal S1-a, the other end of the resistor R12A is connected to one end of the resistor R13A, and the other end of the resistor R13A is grounded;
one end of the resistor R10B is connected to one end of the resistor R11B, a connection point VfB between the other end of the resistor R11A and one end of the resistor R12B is connected to the terminal S1-B, the other end of the resistor R12B is connected to one end of the resistor R13B, and the other end of the resistor R13B is grounded;
one end of the resistor R10C is connected to one end of the resistor R11C, a connection point VfC between the other end of the resistor R11C and one end of the resistor R12C is connected to the terminal S2-a, the other end of the resistor R12C is connected to one end of the resistor R13C, and the other end of the resistor R13C is grounded;
one end of the resistor R10D is connected to one end of the resistor R11D, a connection point VfD between the other end of the resistor R11D and one end of the resistor R12D is connected to the terminal S2-B, the other end of the resistor R12D is connected to one end of the resistor R13D, and the other end of the resistor R13D is grounded;
the terminal S3-A is used for connecting the terminal S1-A or the terminal S1-B, and the terminal S3-B is used for connecting the terminal S2-A or the terminal S2-B; the terminal Vout is used for connecting the terminal S3-A or the terminal S3-B;
the transformer secondary voltage selection module further comprises an auxiliary element diode D2, and the other end of the resistor R10A, the other end of the resistor R10B, the other end of the resistor R10C and the other end of the resistor R10D are connected and then connected with the anode of the diode D2.
4. The ac-dc rectifier of claim 3, wherein the voltage output from the connection point VfA is V1, the voltage output from the connection point VfB is V2, the voltage output from the connection point VfC is V3, and the voltage output from the connection point VfD is V4;
when the terminal S3-A is connected with the terminal S1-A and the terminal Vout is connected with the terminal S3-A, the output voltage of the transformer secondary voltage selection module is V1;
when the terminal S3-A is connected with the terminal S1-B and the terminal Vout is connected with the terminal S3-A, the output voltage of the transformer secondary voltage selection module is V2;
when the terminal S3-B is connected with the terminal S2-A and the terminal Vout is connected with the terminal S3-B, the output voltage of the transformer secondary voltage selection module is V3;
when the terminal S3-B is connected with the terminal S2-B and the terminal Vout is connected with the terminal S3-B, the output voltage of the transformer secondary voltage selection module is V4.
5. The AC-DC rectifier according to claim 3, wherein the output voltage control module comprises an isolated flyback power controller U1, a polar capacitor C12, capacitors C13 and C14, a MOS transistor Q1, triodes Q2 and Q3, resistors R7, R8 and R9; the isolated flyback power controller U1 is used for providing constant voltage and constant current;
pin 2 of the isolated flyback power controller U1 is connected to the terminal Vout, pin 4 of the isolated flyback power controller U1 is grounded, pin 1 of the isolated flyback power controller U1 is connected to one end of the capacitor C13 and one end of the capacitor C14, pin 6 of the isolated flyback power controller U1 is connected to one end of the resistor R9, and pin 5 of the isolated flyback power controller U1 is connected to one end of the resistor R7 and one end of the resistor R6, respectively;
the negative electrode of the polar capacitor C12 is connected with the other end of the capacitor C13 and then grounded, the positive electrode of the polar capacitor C12 is connected with the negative electrode of the diode D2, the positive electrode of the polar capacitor C12 is also connected with one end of the capacitor C13, the other end of the capacitor C14 is grounded, one end of the capacitor C14 is also connected with the collector of the triode Q2, the other end of the resistor R9 is respectively connected with the base of the triode Q2 and the base of the triode Q3, the connecting point of the emitter of the triode Q2 and the emitter of the triode Q3 is connected with the gate of the MOS transistor Q1, and the source of the MOS transistor is connected with the other end of the resistor R7.
6. The ac-DC rectifier of claim 1, wherein the output sensing module comprises a diode D20, a bi-directional zener diode DC1, a zener diode DZ22, a switch K1, a fuse F20, polarity capacitors C20 and C21, a capacitor C22, resistors R20, R21, R22 and R23, a connector JP 20; the connector JP20 is an output end of the output sensing module and is used for connecting a rechargeable battery; the diode D20 is two diodes connected in parallel in the same direction, the anode of the diode D20 is a connection point of the anodes of the two diodes connected in parallel in the same direction, and the cathode of the diode D20 is a connection point of the cathodes of the two diodes connected in parallel in the same direction;
the anode of the polar capacitor C20 is connected to the pin 12 of the DC transformer, the cathode of the diode D20 is connected to the pin 8 of the DC transformer, the anode of the polar capacitor C20 is further connected to the anode of the polar capacitor C21, one end of the capacitor C22, one end of the resistor R20, one end of the bistable diode DC1 and one end of the zener diode DZ22, and then connected to one end of the fuse F20, the anode of the diode D20 is connected to the cathode of the polar capacitor C20, the cathode of the polar capacitor C21, the other end of the capacitor C22, one end of the resistor R21, the other end of the bistable diode DC1 and the anode of the zener diode DZ22, and then connected to ground, the other end of the resistor R20 is connected to the other end of the resistor R21, the other end of the fuse F20 is connected to the first contact of the switch K1, and the switch K1 is further connected to the power supply 5V 1, the second contact of the switch K1 is connected to one end of the resistor R22 and the pin 2 of the connector JP20, respectively, and the other end of the resistor R22 is connected to one end of the resistor R23.
7. The AC-DC rectifier according to claim 6, wherein the main control module comprises a low power consumption bidirectional isolator U6, a current detection chip U7, a voltage stabilizing diode DZ23, capacitors C24, C25, C26 and C32; the low-power bidirectional isolator U6 is used for isolating the I2C to avoid interference and harmful level from influencing signal transmission, and the current detection chip U7 is a monitor for current, power and voltage;
pin 1 of the low-power bidirectional isolator U6 is connected to one end of the capacitor C32 and a power supply 5V, the other end of the capacitor C32 is grounded, pin 4 of the low-power bidirectional isolator U6 is grounded, pin 5 of the low-power bidirectional isolator U6 is grounded, pin 8 of the low-power bidirectional isolator U6 is connected to one end of the capacitor C24 and the power supply 5V, pin 7 of the low-power bidirectional isolator U6 is connected to pin 8 of the current detection chip U7, and pin 6 of the low-power bidirectional isolator U6 is connected to pin 9 of the current detection chip U7;
the pin 1, the pin 2 and the pin 3 of the current detection chip U7 are connected and then connected with the pin 1 of the connector JP20, the pin 16, the pin 15 and the pin 14 of the current detection chip U7 are connected and then connected with the other end of the resistor R23, the pin 12 of the current detection chip U7 is respectively connected with one end of the capacitor C26 and the cathode of the zener diode DZ23, the cathode of the zener diode DZ23 is also connected with the connection point of the other end of the resistor R22 and one end of the resistor R23, the pin 11 of the current detection chip U7 is respectively connected with the other end of the capacitor C26 and the anode of the zener diode DZ23, the other end of the capacitor C26 is grounded, the pin 19 of the current detection chip U7 is respectively connected with one end of the capacitor C25 and the power supply 5V, the other end of the capacitor C25 is grounded, and the pin 4, the pin 15 of the current detection chip U7 are connected with the pin 4, The pins 5 and 6 are connected and then grounded.
8. The AC-DC rectifier of claim 1, wherein the AC-DC rectifier module comprises a connector JP1, a fuse F1, a capacitor C1, common mode inductors L1 and L2, a rectifier bridge D1; the connector JP1 is an input end of the ac-to-dc rectification module and is used for accessing ac power; the common-mode inductors L1 and L2 are used for suppressing common-mode interference existing in an alternating current power grid; the rectifier bridge D1 is composed of diodes D11, D12, D13 and D14, wherein the cathode of the diode D11 is connected with the cathode of the diode D12, the anode of the diode D13 is connected with the anode of the diode D14, the anode of the diode D11 is connected with the cathode of the diode D13, and the anode of the diode D12 is connected with the cathode of the diode D14;
pin 1 of the connector JP1 is connected to one end of the fuse F1, the other end of the fuse F1 is connected to one end of the capacitor C1 and one end of the common mode inductor L1, pin 2 of the connector JP1 is connected to the other end of the capacitor C1 and one end of the common mode inductor L2, pin 3 of the connector JP1 is grounded, the other end of the common mode inductor L1 is connected to a connection point between the anode of the diode D11 and the cathode of the diode D13, and the other end of the common mode inductor L2 is connected to a connection point between the anode of the diode D12 and the cathode of the diode D14.
9. The AC-DC rectifier of claim 1, wherein the DC switch module comprises capacitors C2 and C3, resistors R1, R2, R3, and R4; one end of the capacitor C2 is connected to one end of the capacitor C3, one end of the capacitor C3 is further connected to one end of the resistor R1, one end of the resistor R1 is further connected to one end of the resistor R3, one end of the resistor R3 is further connected to the pin 2 of the dc transformer, the other end of the capacitor C2 is grounded, the other end of the capacitor C2 is further connected to the other end of the capacitor C3, the other end of the capacitor C3 is further connected to one end of the resistor R2, one end of the resistor R2 is further connected to one end of the resistor R4, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected to the other end of the resistor R2, and the other end of the resistor R3 is connected to the other end of the resistor R4.
10. The ac-dc rectifier of claim 8 or 9, wherein one end of the capacitor C2 is further connected to a connection point between the cathode of the diode D11 and the cathode of the diode D12, and the other end of the capacitor C2 is further connected to a connection point between the anode of the diode D13 and the anode of the diode D14, so that the dc power output from the ac-dc rectifier module flows into the dc switch module.
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