CN212177321U

CN212177321U - High-efficient braking structure of hydraulic generator runner

Info

Publication number: CN212177321U
Application number: CN202020462862.7U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘思靓; 马建峰; 李昀哲
Original assignee: Zhejiang Fuchunjiang Hydropower Equipment Co ltd
Current assignee: Zhejiang Fuchunjiang Hydropower Equipment Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-04-01
Filing date: 2020-04-01
Publication date: 2020-12-18
Anticipated expiration: 2030-04-01

Abstract

The utility model discloses a high-efficient braking structure of hydraulic generator runner, including the machine hole, rotationally set up the runner in the machine hole, the runner includes the axis body with rotor coaxial coupling, sets up the blade on the axis body, is equipped with the water inlet with the inlet tube intercommunication in the machine hole, the delivery port with the outlet pipe intercommunication, is equipped with the inlet valve on the inlet tube, is equipped with the outlet valve on the outlet pipe, be equipped with steering mechanism on the inlet tube to make the rivers that flow out of the water inlet of inlet tube can switch between first direction, second direction, when the rivers that flow out of the water inlet of inlet tube is in first direction, the rivers that flow out of the water inlet of inlet tube are just to the upstream face of blade; when the water flow flowing out from the water inlet of the water inlet pipe is in the second direction, the water flow flowing out from the water inlet of the water inlet pipe is over against the back water surface of the blade. The utility model discloses can show the braking time who shortens the runner to improve and overhaul maintenance efficiency, be favorable to the normal operating of electric wire netting.

Description

High-efficient braking structure of hydraulic generator runner

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a hydraulic generator technical field, concretely relates to high-efficient braking structure of hydraulic generator runner.

Background

Along with the enhancement of people's energy-concerving and environment-protective consciousness, hydroelectric power as green energy is developing vigorously, in the hydroelectric power generation field, the hydraulic turbine unit is the key part, it usually includes the stator, rotationally set up the rotor in the stator, can drive rotor pivoted runner, wherein runner is set up in a machine hole, the runner includes middle axis body, set up a plurality of blades (commonly called the scuttle) on the axis body, the front of blade is the upstream face, the back of blade is the surface of a river, one side of machine hole is equipped with the opening and aims at the inlet tube that the blade was faced upstream face, the lower part of machine hole is equipped with the outlet pipe. When water flow with high water level difference in the reservoir passes through the water inlet pipe to form high-speed water flow and impacts blades of the rotating wheel to face the water surface, the rotating wheel can rotate and drive the rotor to rotate, and then electric energy is generated. The water flow impacting the rotating wheel flows out through a water outlet pipe at the lower part of the machine pit. Because the water head (commonly called water head) of the reservoir is larger and larger, the size and the weight of the rotating wheel are correspondingly larger and larger, and the rotating speed of the rotating wheel is higher and higher, the rotating inertia formed by the rotating wheel during working is larger and larger. When a hydraulic turbine unit breaks down or needs to be shut down for maintenance or repair due to other reasons, water inlet of a water inlet pipe needs to be cut off, meanwhile, auxiliary systems such as a bearing lubricating system, a unit cooling system and a protection system are closed after the runner and a rotor are gradually decelerated until the turbine unit is shut down, and therefore overhaul and maintenance personnel can conveniently enter a machine pit to conduct overhaul or maintenance work.

It will be appreciated that under normal conditions, the very large moment of inertia of the rotor and hence the rotor will take a long time (perhaps 30-40 minutes) to come to a complete shutdown, thereby compromising the speed and efficiency of service or maintenance. Although there are many technical solutions in the prior art for braking a rotor, such as a braking system of an automobile. However, unlike the applicable scenario of the existing braking system, the rotor and the associated rotor have great moment of inertia and inertia, and the blades on the rotor are thin shell members forged by stainless steel and welded with the shaft body, so that the rotor is difficult to bear great braking force, and the cost of the rotor is very high, and once the blades are damaged, serious loss is caused. Therefore, some existing emergency braking systems are not suitable for braking the rotating wheel, and more times, people can only wait for the rotating wheel with patience and stop the rotor by the friction force of the rotor and the rotating shaft of the rotor, so that the efficiency of overhauling and maintaining is not improved. In particular, the long downtime means that the generation time and the amount of generated electricity are reduced, thus affecting the normal operation of the grid.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims at solving the problem that the braking time that current hydraulic generator runner braking mode exists is long, the safe risk is big, inefficiency, influence electric wire netting normal operating, providing a hydraulic generator runner high efficiency braking structure, can show the braking time who shortens the runner, improves unit security and reliability, simultaneously, improves and overhauls maintenance efficiency, is favorable to the normal operating of electric wire netting.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:

a high-efficiency braking structure of a hydraulic generator runner comprises a machine pit and a runner which is rotatably arranged in the machine pit, wherein the runner comprises a shaft body in transmission connection with a rotor and blades arranged on the shaft body; when the water flow flowing out from the water inlet of the water inlet pipe is in the second direction, the water flow flowing out from the water inlet of the water inlet pipe is over against the back water surface of the blade.

It is known that the braking system of the existing rotating mechanism usually applies a braking torque to the rotating member (mainly the rotating shaft), but the rotating wheel and the rotor of the large hydraulic turbine set have large mass and high rotating speed, and accordingly, the rotating inertia is very large, and if the braking torque is applied to the shaft body of the rotating wheel, the radius is small, so that the overall braking torque is limited under a certain braking friction force, and the rotating wheel and the rotor are difficult to be quickly braked. In addition, the blades of the runner are thin shell parts formed by forging stainless steel, the upstream surfaces of the thin shell parts are concave, and the back surfaces of the thin shell parts are convex outwards, so the thin shell parts are commonly called as buckets. The water bucket is connected with the shaft body in the middle through a welding process after being machined and molded, and when power generation is needed, high-speed large-flow water flows out of the water inlet pipe and sequentially impacts the upstream surface of each blade, so that the rotating wheel is driven to rotate at a high speed. That is, the operating torque applied to the runner by the water flow is uniformly applied to the upstream surface of each blade by the water flow, and thus, although the overall operating torque is large, the acting force applied to each blade of the runner is relatively gentle. That is, if we apply a great braking force directly to the blade in a short time at the time of braking, the blade may be damaged.

Therefore, the utility model discloses creatively sets up steering mechanism on the inlet tube to the rivers that make the water inlet of inlet tube flow can switch between first direction, second direction. When normal electricity generation, the rivers that flow out of the water inlet of inlet tube are in first direction, and the rivers that flow out of water inlet this moment are just to the upstream face of blade to can drive the runner and rotate, and then drive the rotor and rotate and generate electricity. When needs braking runner overhauls with shutting down, then accessible steering mechanism makes the rivers that flow of the water inlet of inlet tube change into the second direction by first direction, and the rivers that flow of water inlet this moment are just to the surface of a water back of blade to can produce gentle huge braking resistance that relaxes to the blade of runner, prevent the rotation of runner effectively. It can be understood that the runner still continues to rotate for a certain time and angle, so that the water flow flowing out from the water inlet can impact the back water surfaces of different blades, on one hand, the runner can be continuously braked, so that the runner stops rotating in the shortest time, on the other hand, the blades are uniformly stressed to the maximum extent, and the blades are prevented from being damaged due to concentrated stress or overlarge stress of the blades.

It can be understood that when the runner stops rotating, the water turbine set can be maintained only by closing the water inlet valve.

Preferably, the direction changing mechanism comprises a reversing cover arranged at the water inlet, and the reversing cover is associated with a direction changing mechanism, so that the reversing cover can be changed from a first position to a second position, and when the reversing cover is in the first position, the water flow flowing out of the water inlet pipe is opposite to the upstream surface of the blade; when the reversing cover is in the second position, the water flow flowing out of the water inlet pipe is opposite to the back water surface of the blade.

In this scheme, we can change the rivers direction that the water inlet flows out conveniently and swiftly through setting up the switching-over cover in water inlet department to be favorable to simplifying the overall structure and the manufacturing cost of diversion mechanism.

Preferably, the reversing cover comprises a butt joint pipe butted at the water inlet, a power generation water pipe and a brake water pipe which are connected in parallel with the butt joint pipe to form a Y shape, the opening of the power generation water pipe is arranged towards the upstream surface of the blade, the opening of the brake water pipe is arranged towards the back surface of the blade, a rotary valve plate is respectively arranged in the power generation water pipe and the brake water pipe, a rotary shaft which is rotatably connected with the pipe wall is arranged in the middle of the rotary valve plate, so that the rotary valve plate has a blocking position for preventing water flow and a conducting position for allowing water flow, the ends of the rotary shafts in the power generation water pipe and the braking water pipe, which penetrate through the pipe wall, are respectively provided with linkage gears, the two linkage gears are mutually meshed, when the rotary valve plate in the power generation water pipe is in the blocking position, the rotary valve plate in the brake water pipe is in the conducting position, and at least one rotary shaft is associated with a driving mechanism capable of self-locking.

In the scheme, the reversing cover is a Y-shaped three-way joint-shaped structure formed by connecting a butt joint pipe, a power generation water pipe and a brake water pipe, wherein the butt joint pipe is connected with a water inlet of a water inlet pipe, and rotary valve plates are respectively arranged in the power generation water pipe and the brake water pipe. Like this, when normal electricity generation, the rotation valve plate in the electricity generation water pipe is in the position of switching on, and the rotation valve plate in the braking water pipe is in the shutoff position, and rivers in the inlet pipe can flow out and act on the upstream face of blade through the electricity generation water pipe, and then drive the runner and rotate and generate electricity. When the rotating wheel needs to be braked, the rotating shaft connected with the rotating wheel can be driven to rotate through the driving mechanism, so that the corresponding rotating valve plate is driven to rotate. Because the ends of the rotating shafts in the power generation water pipe and the braking water pipe, which penetrate through the pipe wall, are respectively provided with linkage gears, and the two linkage gears are meshed with each other. Therefore, the rotating shafts in the power generation water pipe and the brake water pipe and the corresponding rotating valve plates can rotate in opposite directions by the same angle. When the rotary valve plate in the power generation water pipe rotates from the conduction position to the blocking position, the rotary valve plate in the brake water pipe rotates from the blocking position to the conduction position. At the moment, the water flow in the water inlet pipe can flow out through the brake water pipe and act on the back water surface of the blade, and then the brake effect is formed on the rotating wheel, so that the rotating wheel is rapidly stopped rotating.

When the rotary valve plate is in the blocking position, the rotary valve plate is perpendicular to the axis of the power generation water pipe or the brake water pipe, and the shape of the rotary valve plate is matched with the cross section of the power generation water pipe or the brake water pipe; when the rotary valve plate is at the conducting position, the rotary valve plate is parallel to the axis of the power generation water pipe or the brake water pipe. It can be understood that the rotation angle of the rotary valve plate between the conducting position and the blocking position is about 90 degrees, so that the angle range of the rotary valve driven by the driving mechanism to rotate is controlled to be 90 degrees, and the two rotary valve plates can be conveniently switched back and forth between the two positions through forward and reverse rotation.

Preferably, the driving mechanism comprises a worm wheel arranged on a rotating shaft and a worm meshed with the worm wheel, the worm is provided with a driven chain wheel, the machine pit is provided with a driving chain wheel and a rotating handle coaxially arranged with the driving chain wheel, and a transmission chain is wound between the driving chain wheel and the driven chain wheel.

When the water flow direction of the water inlet pipe needs to be changed, the driving chain wheel is driven to rotate only through the rotating handle, so that the driving chain wheel is driven to rotate through the driving chain, the rotating shaft is driven to rotate through the worm and the turbine, and the position of the rotating valve plate connected with the rotating shaft and the position of the other rotating valve plate are changed. Because the worm gear has very big drive ratio, can reduce the required moment of torsion of rotation turning handle on the one hand, on the other hand can realize the auto-lock effect, avoids the rotation of the proper motion of rotating the valve plate, ensures the reliable location of rotating the valve plate.

Preferably, the driving mechanism comprises a driven sprocket and a driving sprocket, the driven sprocket and the driving sprocket are coaxially arranged with the first linkage gear, the driving sprocket is arranged on the machine pit, a transmission chain is wound between the driving sprocket and the driven sprocket, a rotating disc is arranged at the lower end of a wheel shaft of the driving sprocket, a positioning pin is arranged at the position, close to the edge, of the end face of the rotating disc, one end of a tension spring is hooked on the positioning pin, the other end of the tension spring is hooked on the machine pit, the transmission ratio between the driving sprocket and the driven sprocket is 4:1, a rotating handle is arranged at the upper end of the wheel shaft of the driving sprocket, and when a rotating valve plate in the power generation water pipe is located on the axis of the power generation water pipe and is located at a.

When the power generation is normal, the positioning pin is automatically positioned on a connecting line between the tension spring and the center of the rotating disc under the tension action of the tension spring. At the moment, the rotating valve plate in the power generation water pipe is in a conducting position, and the rotating valve plate in the braking water pipe is in a blocking position. When the water flow direction of the water inlet pipe needs to be changed and the rotating wheel is braked, a driving chain wheel is driven to rotate only through the rotating handle, so that the driving chain wheel is driven to rotate through the driving chain, and then the two rotating valve plates are driven to rotate in opposite directions through the two linkage gears, so that the positions of the two rotating valve plates are changed.

It can be understood that the tension spring can generate an automatic reset torque on the rotating disc through the tension force on the positioning pin, so that the positioning pin is positioned on a connecting line between the tension spring and the center of the rotating disc, and the rotating disc at the moment realizes automatic positioning. When the handle is rotated to drive the driving chain wheel to rotate, the rotating disc rotates together with the positioning pin, and the positioning pin gradually deviates from a connecting line between the tension spring and the center of the rotating disc, so that the resistance torque of the tension spring to the rotating disc is gradually increased; when the rotating disc rotates to 90 degrees, the center of the rotating disc is positioned on a connecting line between the positioning pin and the tension spring; when the rotation angle of the rotating disc is larger than 90 degrees, the positioning pin is pulled by the tension spring, so that the rotating disc automatically rotates. Because the transmission ratio between the driving chain wheel and the driven chain wheel is 4:1, on one hand, the torque required by rotating the rotating handle can be reduced, and on the other hand, after the driving chain wheel rotates for a circle, the driven chain wheel drives the two rotating valve plates to rotate for 90 degrees just through the two linkage gears, so that the positions of the two rotating valve plates are mutually switched and reliably positioned.

Preferably, the rotating shaft is eccentrically arranged in the length direction of the rotating valve plate, the rotating valve plate on one side of the rotating shaft is a long side, the other side of the rotating shaft is a short side, the length of the rotating valve plate on the long side is b, the length of the rotating valve plate on the short side is a, 3/7 is not less than a/b and not more than 2/3, limiting bulges are respectively arranged on the inner walls of the power generation water pipe and the brake water pipe, and when the rotating valve plate rotates from the conduction position to the blocking position, the limiting bulges are abutted against the long side of the rotating valve plate towards one side of.

The utility model discloses a rotary valve plate's axis of rotation setting is in the position of skew center to make rotary valve plate form a long side and a short side. When the rotary valve plate is in the plugging position, the long side of the rotary valve plate abuts against the limiting protrusion, so that the rotary valve plate is reliably positioned. In particular, we control the ratio between the length a of the rotary valve plate on the short side and the length b of the rotary valve plate on the long side in the following range: 3/7 is less than or equal to a/b is less than or equal to 2/3. Like this, when huge rivers act on the rotary valve plate in the inlet tube, wherein the effort that the long side bore can be greater than the effort that the short side bore, therefore can make the long side of rotary valve plate tightly paste all the time and lean on spacing arch, and then ensure rotary valve plate's reliable location. And the acting force of water flow born by the rotary valve plate at the conducting position is extremely small, so that reliable positioning can be realized by the self-locking structure of the driving mechanism.

Preferably, the direction changing mechanism comprises a water inlet pipe consisting of a main pipeline, a power generation branch pipeline and a brake branch pipeline which are connected in parallel with the main pipeline, the power generation branch pipeline and the brake branch pipeline are connected into a Y shape, thereby forming a third connecting point between the power generation branch pipeline and the brake branch pipeline, a second connecting point between the main pipeline and the brake branch pipeline, and a first connecting point between the main pipeline and the power generation branch pipeline, wherein the power generation branch pipeline and the brake branch pipeline respectively form a water inlet on the machine pit, wherein the water inlet of the power generation branch pipeline faces the upstream surface of the blade, the water inlet of the brake branch pipeline faces the downstream surface of the blade, the water inlet valve is arranged on the main pipeline, a rotatable steering valve plate is arranged at the third connecting point, and when the free end of the steering valve plate abuts against the second connecting point, the main pipeline is communicated with the power generation branch pipeline; when the free end of the steering valve plate abuts against the first connecting point, the main pipeline is communicated with the brake branch pipeline.

The utility model discloses a main pipeline, electricity generation branch pipeline and the braking branch pipeline that the inlet tube connects into Y shape to third junction department between electricity generation branch pipeline and braking branch pipeline sets up rotatable steering valve plate. When normal electricity generation, the free end of steering valve plate supports and leans on the second tie point of junction between trunk line and the braking branch pipeline to shutoff braking branch pipeline, the rivers of inlet tube are whole to be gone into the upstream face of the interior impact runner blade of machine hole through the electricity generation branch pipeline this moment, thereby drive the runner forward and rotate, and then drive the rotor and rotate and generate electricity. When needing to shut down and overhaul, rotate the steering valve plate, make the free end that turns to the valve plate support and lean on first connecting point to make the shutoff of electricity generation branch pipeline, trunk line and braking branch pipeline intercommunication this moment, the surface of a water back of the runner blade is strikeed to the rivers that flow from braking branch pipeline, thereby forms the braking to the runner. That is to say, through simple steering valve plate, can conveniently change the direction of the rivers that get into the machine pit, not only can make full use of the rivers electricity generation of inlet tube, but also can utilize the rivers of inlet tube to form reverse impact braking to the runner. Especially, the steering valve plate does not seal the whole main pipeline in the rotating process, but only switches the direction of water flow, so that the rotating steering valve plate does not have great resistance, and the direction of the water flow of the main pipeline can be conveniently adjusted.

Therefore, the utility model discloses following beneficial effect has: the braking time of the rotating wheel can be obviously shortened, so that the overhauling and maintaining efficiency is improved, and the normal operation of a power grid is facilitated.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a structure of a direction changing mechanism.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a structure of the driving mechanism.

Fig. 4 is another structural schematic diagram of the drive mechanism.

Fig. 5 is another structural schematic diagram of the direction changing mechanism.

FIG. 6 is a longitudinal partial sectional view of the steering mechanism of FIG. 5.

In the figure: 1. the device comprises a machine pit 2, a rotating wheel 21, a shaft body 22, blades 3, a water inlet pipe 31, a water inlet 32, a reversing cover 321, a butt joint pipe 322, a power generation water pipe 323, a brake water pipe 324, a limiting protrusion 33, a main pipe 34, a power generation branch pipe 35, a brake branch pipe 36, a first connecting point 37, a second connecting point 38, a third connecting point 39, a water inlet valve 4, a water outlet pipe 41, a water outlet 42, a water outlet valve 5, a positioning pin 6, a steering valve plate 7, a tension spring 8, a rotating valve plate 81, a rotating shaft 811, a long side 812, a short side 82, a linkage gear 83, a worm gear 84, a worm 85, a driven sprocket 86, a driving sprocket 87, a rotating handle 88.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.

As shown in fig. 1, a high-efficiency braking structure for a runner of a hydraulic generator, wherein the hydraulic generator comprises a stator and a rotor (not shown in the figure), the high-efficiency braking structure for the hydraulic generator comprises a machine pit 1 and a runner 2 rotatably arranged in the machine pit, the runner comprises a shaft body 21 coaxially connected with the rotor and blades 22 arranged on the shaft body, the machine pit is provided with a water inlet 31 communicated with a water inlet pipe 3, and the other end of the water inlet pipe is connected with a reservoir; the lower part of the machine pit is provided with a water outlet 41 communicated with a water outlet pipe 4, and the other end of the water outlet pipe is connected with a downstream drainage channel. The inlet pipe is provided with a water inlet valve 39 for controlling the opening and closing of the inlet pipe, and the outlet pipe is provided with a water outlet valve 42 for controlling the opening and closing of the outlet pipe. In addition, the water inlet pipe is provided with a direction changing mechanism, so that the water flow flowing out from the water inlet of the water inlet pipe can be switched between the first direction and the second direction. When the water flow flowing out of the water inlet pipe is in the first direction, the water flow flowing out of the water inlet pipe communicated with the reservoir is opposite to the upstream surface of the blade; when the water flow flowing out from the water inlet of the water inlet pipe is in the second direction, the water flow flowing out from the water inlet of the water inlet pipe is over against the back surface of the blade

It should be noted that the blades are commonly called as buckets, and one side of each rotor blade facing the water inlet during power generation is called as an upstream surface, and the other side is called as a downstream surface. That is, the water flow of the water inlet impacts the upstream surface of the blade to rotate and drives the rotor to rotate to generate power, and the back surface of the runner is in the front side of the rotation direction when the runner rotates. In addition, the water inlet of the water inlet pipe can preferably extend into the machine pit to be close to the blades of the rotating wheel as much as possible, so that the work doing efficiency of the water flow is improved. In addition, the shaft body of the rotating wheel and the rotor can also realize transmission connection through other transmission mechanisms such as gear transmission and the like.

When normal electricity generation, the rivers that flow out of the water inlet of inlet tube are in first direction, and the rivers that flow out of water inlet this moment are just to the upstream face of blade to can drive the runner and rotate, and then drive the rotor and rotate and generate electricity. When needs braking runner overhauls with shutting down, then accessible steering mechanism makes the rivers that flow of the water inlet of inlet tube change into the second direction by first direction, and the rivers that flow of water inlet this moment are just to the surface of a water back of blade to can produce gentle and huge braking resistance to the blade of runner, prevent the rotation of runner effectively. It can be understood that the runner still continues to rotate for a certain time and angle, so that the water flow flowing out from the water inlet can impact different blade back water surfaces in sequence, on one hand, the runner can be continuously braked, so that the runner stops rotating in the shortest time, on the other hand, the blades are uniformly stressed to the maximum extent, and the damage to the blades caused by concentrated stress or overlarge stress of the blades is avoided.

Preferably, the diversion mechanism includes a diverter housing 32 disposed at the water inlet and associated with a diverter mechanism that transitions the diverter housing from the first position to the second position. When the reversing cover is positioned at the first position, the water flow flowing out of the water inlet pipe is opposite to the upstream surface of the blade; when the reversing cover is in the second position, the water flow flowing out of the water inlet pipe is opposite to the back water surface of the blade.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 2, the reversing cover comprises a butt joint pipe 321 butted at the water inlet, a power generation water pipe 322 and a brake water pipe 323 which are connected in parallel with the butt joint pipe to form a Y shape, the opening of the power generation water pipe is arranged towards the upstream surface of the blade, the opening of the brake water pipe is arranged towards the downstream surface of the blade, a rotary valve plate 8 is respectively arranged in the power generation water pipe and the brake water pipe, and a rotary shaft 81 rotatably connected with the pipe wall is arranged at the middle position of the rotary valve plate, so that the rotary valve plate has a blocking position for preventing water flow and a conducting position for allowing water flow. In addition, the ends of the rotating shafts in the power generation water pipe and the braking water pipe, which penetrate through the pipe wall, are respectively provided with a linkage gear 82, the two linkage gears are meshed with each other, at least one rotating shaft is associated with a driving mechanism capable of self-locking, and the driving mechanism enables the rotating valve plates in the power generation water pipe and the braking water pipe to rotate in opposite directions and at the same angle through the rotating shafts and the two linkage gears. When the rotating valve plate in the power generation water pipe is in the blocking position, the rotating valve plate in the brake water pipe is in the conducting position; when the rotary valve plate in the power generation water pipe rotates to the conducting position, the rotary valve plate in the brake water pipe rotates to the blocking position.

During normal electricity generation, the rotating valve plate in the electricity generation water pipe is in the position of switching on, and the rotating valve plate in the braking water pipe is in the shutoff position, and rivers in the inlet pipe can flow out and act on the upstream face of blade through the electricity generation water pipe, and then drive the runner and rotate and generate electricity. When the rotating wheel needs to be braked, the rotating shaft connected with the rotating wheel can be driven to rotate through the driving mechanism, so that the corresponding rotating valve plate is driven to rotate. Because the ends of the rotating shafts in the power generation water pipe and the braking water pipe, which penetrate through the pipe wall, are respectively provided with linkage gears, and the two linkage gears are meshed with each other. Therefore, the rotating shafts in the power generation water pipe and the brake water pipe and the corresponding rotating valve plates rotate in opposite directions by the same angle. When the rotary valve plate in the power generation water pipe rotates from the conduction position to the blocking position, the rotary valve plate in the brake water pipe rotates from the blocking position to the conduction position. At the moment, the water flow in the water inlet pipe can flow out through the brake water pipe and act on the back water surface of the blade, and then the brake effect is formed on the rotating wheel, so that the rotating wheel is rapidly stopped rotating. That is to say, the rotation angle of the rotary valve plate in the power generation water pipe and the brake water pipe from the conduction position to the blocking position is the same.

Further, as shown in fig. 3, the driving mechanism includes a worm wheel 83 provided on one of the rotating shafts, a worm 84 engaged with the worm wheel, a driven sprocket 85 coaxially provided on the worm, a driving sprocket 86 coaxially provided on the pit, and a rotating handle 87 coaxially provided with the driving sprocket, and a driving chain 88 wound between the driving sprocket and the driven sprocket.

Like this, when needing to change the rivers direction of inlet tube, we only need to rotate handle drive driving sprocket and rotate to drive driven sprocket through the drive chain and rotate, and then drive the axis of rotation through worm, turbine and rotate, with the position of the rotation valve plate of this rotation axis connection of change. Meanwhile, the other rotary valve plate is driven to rotate to switch positions through the transmission of the two linkage gears. Because the worm gear has very big drive ratio, can reduce the required moment of torsion of rotation turning handle on the one hand, on the other hand can realize the auto-lock effect, avoids the rotation of the proper motion of rotating the valve plate, ensures the reliable location of rotating the valve plate.

As an alternative to the above-mentioned driving mechanism, as shown in fig. 4, the driving mechanism includes a driven sprocket coaxially disposed with the first linkage gear, and a driving sprocket disposed on the machine pit, a transmission chain is wound between the driving sprocket and the driven sprocket, a rotating disc 89 is disposed at the lower end of the wheel shaft of the driving sprocket, a positioning pin 5 is disposed at a position close to the edge of the lower end surface of the rotating disc, one end of a tension spring 7 is hooked on the positioning pin, the other end of the tension spring is hooked on the machine pit, the tension spring generates a torque to the rotating disc through the positioning pin, so that the rotating disc rotates to a connecting line between the tension spring and the center of the rotating disc, the rotating disc at this time realizes self-positioning, and the rotating valve plate in the power generation water pipe is located on the axis of the power generation water pipe and is at the conducting position, and of course, the. That is to say, under the normal state, the rotation valve plate in the electricity generation water pipe is in the position of conducting, and the rotation valve plate in the braking water pipe then is in the shutoff position, consequently, the rivers accessible electricity generation water pipe of inlet tube flows and the drive runner rotates this moment, and then realizes the electricity generation function.

In addition, the transmission ratio between the driving chain wheel and the driven chain wheel is 4:1, and a rotating handle is arranged at the upper end of a wheel shaft of the driving chain wheel. When the water flow direction of the water inlet pipe needs to be changed to brake the rotating wheel, the driving chain wheel is driven to rotate only through the rotating handle, the driven chain wheel is driven to rotate through the driving chain, and then the two rotating valve plates are driven to rotate in opposite directions through the two linkage gears, so that the positions of the two rotating valve plates are changed.

Because the transmission ratio between the driving chain wheel and the driven chain wheel is 4:1, on one hand, the torque required by rotating the rotating handle can be reduced, and on the other hand, after the driving chain wheel rotates forwards or reversely for a circle (360 degrees), the driven chain wheel drives the two rotating valve plates to rotate for 90 degrees just through the two linkage gears, so that the positions of the two rotating valve plates are mutually switched and reliably positioned.

Further, as shown in fig. 2, we can set a limit protrusion 324 on the inner wall of the power generation water pipe and the brake water pipe respectively, and the rotation shaft is set eccentrically in the length direction of the rotation valve plate, the rotation valve plate on one side of the rotation shaft is a long side 811, and the other side is a short side 812, the length of the rotation valve plate on the long side is b, and the length of the rotation valve plate on the short side is a. We can control the ratio between the short side length a and the long side length b within the following range: 3/7 is less than or equal to a/b is less than or equal to 2/3. That is, the area of the long side may be larger than the area of the short side. When the pressure of rivers was used in the pipeline on the rotary valve plate, wherein the pressure that receives on the long side can be greater than the pressure that receives on the short side to make the rotary valve plate rotate to the shutoff position towards one side, spacing arch supports and leans on the rotary valve plate long side towards rivers export one side this moment, and then ensures the reliable location of rotary valve plate. The area of the rotary valve plate at the conducting position facing to the water flow pressure is extremely small, and accordingly the acting force of the borne water flow is extremely small, and therefore reliable positioning can be achieved by means of the self-locking structure of the driving mechanism.

It should be noted that the rotary valve plate is vertically disposed in the power generation water pipe or the brake water pipe, and the length direction of the rotary valve plate in this embodiment refers to the left and right direction of the rotary valve plate, and the up and down direction is the height direction. If the shape of the rotary valve plate is rectangular, the lengths a and b refer to the distance from the rotary shaft to the short side or the long side; if the shape of the rotary valve plate is substantially circular, the lengths a, b refer to the maximum distance of the axis of rotation to the short or long side edge.

As an alternative to the foregoing direction changing mechanism, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the direction changing mechanism includes a main pipe 33, a water inlet pipe formed by a power generation branch pipe 34 and a brake branch pipe 35 connected in parallel to the main pipe, the main pipe and the power generation branch pipe, and the brake branch pipe are connected in a Y-shape, so as to form a third connection point 38 between the power generation branch pipe and the brake branch pipe, a second connection point 37 is formed between the main pipe and the brake branch pipe, a first connection point 36 is formed between the main pipe and the power generation branch pipe, the power generation branch pipe and the brake branch pipe form water inlets on the machine pit respectively, wherein the water inlet of the power generation branch pipe faces the upstream surface of the blade, the water inlet of the brake branch pipe faces the downstream surface of the blade, and the water inlet valve is disposed. In addition, a diverter valve plate 6 is arranged at the third connecting point, one end of the diverter valve plate is rotatably connected at the third connecting point, and the other end of the diverter valve plate is a rotatable free end. When the steering valve plate rotates to the state that the free end abuts against the second connection point, the steering valve plate blocks the brake branch pipeline, and the main pipeline is communicated with the power generation branch pipeline; when the steering valve plate rotates to the free end and abuts against the first connecting point, the steering valve plate blocks the power generation branch pipeline, and the main pipeline is communicated with the braking branch pipeline at the moment.

Like this, when normal electricity generation, the free end of steering valve plate supports and leans on the second tie point of junction between trunk line and the braking branch pipeline to shutoff braking branch pipeline, the rivers of inlet tube are whole to be gone into the upstream face of the interior impact runner blade of machine hole through the electricity generation branch pipeline this moment, thereby drive the runner forward rotation, and then drive the rotor and rotate and generate electricity. When needing to shut down and overhaul, rotate the steering valve plate, make the free end that turns to the valve plate support and lean on first connecting point to make the shutoff of electricity generation branch pipeline, trunk line and braking branch pipeline intercommunication this moment, the surface of a water back of the runner blade is strikeed to the rivers that flow from braking branch pipeline, thereby forms the braking to the runner. That is to say, through simple steering valve plate, can conveniently change the direction of the rivers that get into the machine pit, not only can make full use of the rivers electricity generation of inlet tube, but also can utilize the rivers of inlet tube to form reverse impact braking to the runner. Especially, the steering valve plate does not seal the whole main pipeline in the rotating process, but only switches the direction of water flow, so that the rotating steering valve plate does not have great resistance, and the direction of the water flow of the main pipeline can be conveniently adjusted.

It should be noted that the rotating shaft of the diverter valve plate can extend out of the pipeline, and a corresponding rotating handle is arranged to control the rotation of the diverter valve plate. In addition, because the effect of adjusting inlet tube rivers flow direction is mainly played to the steering valve board, consequently, even its free end can not accomplish completely sealed when leaning on first, the second tie point, can not influence the turning to of rivers yet.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency braking structure of a hydraulic generator runner comprises a machine pit and a runner rotatably arranged in the machine pit, wherein the runner comprises a shaft body in transmission connection with a rotor and blades arranged on the shaft body; when the water flow flowing out from the water inlet of the water inlet pipe is in the second direction, the water flow flowing out from the water inlet of the water inlet pipe is over against the back water surface of the blade.

2. The efficient braking structure for a water wheel generator of claim 1, wherein the direction changing mechanism includes a direction changing cover disposed at the water inlet, the direction changing cover is associated with a direction changing mechanism, so that the direction changing cover can be changed from a first position to a second position, when the direction changing cover is at the first position, the water flow from the water inlet of the water inlet pipe is opposite to the upstream surface of the blades; when the reversing cover is in the second position, the water flow flowing out of the water inlet pipe is opposite to the back water surface of the blade.

3. The efficient braking structure of the runner of the hydraulic generator as claimed in claim 2, wherein the reversing cover comprises a butt joint pipe butted at the water inlet, a generating water pipe and a braking water pipe connected in parallel with the butt joint pipe to form a Y shape, the generating water pipe has an opening facing the upstream surface of the blade, the braking water pipe has an opening facing the downstream surface of the blade, a rotary valve plate is respectively arranged in the generating water pipe and the braking water pipe, a rotary shaft rotatably connected with the pipe wall is arranged in the middle of the rotary valve plate, so that the rotary valve plate has a blocking position for blocking the water flow and a conducting position for allowing the water flow to pass through, one end of the rotary shaft penetrating through the pipe wall in the generating water pipe and the braking water pipe is respectively provided with a linkage gear, the two linkage gears are engaged with each other, when the rotary valve plate in the generating water pipe is in the blocking position, the rotary valve plate in the braking water pipe, at least one of the rotary shafts is associated with a self-lockable drive mechanism.

4. The efficient braking structure of a water wheel generator runner according to claim 3, wherein the driving mechanism comprises a worm wheel disposed on a rotating shaft, a worm engaged with the worm wheel, a driven sprocket disposed on the worm, a driving sprocket disposed on the machine pit, and a rotating handle disposed coaxially with the driving sprocket, and a transmission chain is wound between the driving sprocket and the driven sprocket.

5. The efficient braking structure of the runner of the hydro-generator according to claim 3, wherein the driving mechanism comprises a driven sprocket coaxially arranged with the first linkage gear and a driving sprocket arranged on the pit, a transmission chain is wound between the driving sprocket and the driven sprocket, a rotating disc is arranged at the lower end of a wheel shaft of the driving sprocket, a positioning pin is arranged at the edge of the end surface of the rotating disc close to the edge, one end of a tension spring is hooked on the positioning pin, the other end of the tension spring is hooked on the pit, the transmission ratio between the driving sprocket and the driven sprocket is 4:1, a rotating handle is arranged at the upper end of the wheel shaft of the driving sprocket, and when a rotating valve plate in the power generation water pipe is positioned on the axis of the power generation water pipe and is positioned at a conducting position, the positioning pin is positioned on a connecting line between the tension spring.

6. The high-efficiency brake structure of the runner of the hydraulic generator as claimed in claim 3, wherein the rotation shaft is eccentrically arranged in the length direction of the rotary valve plate, the rotary valve plate on one side of the rotation shaft is a long side, the other side of the rotation shaft is a short side, the length of the rotary valve plate on the long side is b, the length of the rotary valve plate on the short side is a, and 3/7 a/b is not less than 2/3, the inner walls of the power generation water pipe and the brake water pipe are respectively provided with a limiting protrusion, and when the rotary valve plate rotates from the conducting position to the blocking position, the limiting protrusion abuts against the long side of the rotary valve plate towards the water.

7. The efficient braking structure of the runner of the hydraulic generator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the direction changing mechanism comprises a water inlet pipe comprising a main pipe, a power generation branch pipe and a braking branch pipe connected in parallel to the main pipe, the power generation branch pipe and the braking branch pipe are connected in a Y-shape, so as to form a third connection point between the power generation branch pipe and the braking branch pipe, a second connection point between the main pipe and the braking branch pipe, and a first connection point between the main pipe and the power generation branch pipe, the power generation branch pipe and the braking branch pipe respectively form water inlets on the machine pit, wherein the water inlet of the power generation branch pipe faces the upstream surface of the blades, the water inlet of the braking branch pipe faces the downstream surface of the blades, the water inlet valve is disposed on the main pipe, a rotatable steering valve plate is disposed at the third connection point, when the free end of the steering valve plate abuts against the, the main pipeline is communicated with the power generation branch pipeline; when the free end of the steering valve plate abuts against the first connecting point, the main pipeline is communicated with the brake branch pipeline.