CN212162075U - Active antenna - Google Patents
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- CN212162075U CN212162075U CN202020807836.3U CN202020807836U CN212162075U CN 212162075 U CN212162075 U CN 212162075U CN 202020807836 U CN202020807836 U CN 202020807836U CN 212162075 U CN212162075 U CN 212162075U
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Abstract
The application discloses active antenna solves current antenna problem with high costs, that the consumption is big. An active antenna, comprising: phased array antennas, dielectric lenses; the antenna array of the phased array antenna is a microstrip circuit, one surface of the antenna array facing the dielectric lens is provided with a microstrip oscillator radiation unit, the other surface of the antenna array is a metal ground, the number of the microstrip oscillators in the horizontal direction is 8-64, the number of the microstrip oscillators in the vertical direction is 1-8, and the wave beam of the phased array antenna is at least scanned in the horizontal direction; the dielectric lens realizes beam sharpening in a horizontal plane. The 5G communication millimeter wave phased array antenna with low power consumption and low cost is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a mobile communication field especially relates to an active antenna.
Background
With the rapid rise of 5G millimeter wave communication and broadband low-earth satellite communication, the millimeter wave active antenna starts unprecedented development, and is expected to dominate the market in the coming years. The millimeter waves bring large bandwidth and high speed, the maximum available bandwidth of the 4G LTE cellular system based on the Sub-6GHz frequency band is 100MHz, and the data rate does not exceed 1 Gbps; in the millimeter wave frequency band, the maximum bandwidth available for mobile applications is 400MHz, and the data rate is as high as 10Gbps or more. Conventional base stations can accommodate two to eight antennas, while 5G base stations need to arrange 64 to hundreds of antennas in a "massive MIMO" configuration in order to provide the necessary data rates.
In 5G communication, the active phased array antenna has the advantages that a microwave integration method is used for integrating chips such as a phase shifter, a filter, an attenuator, a power amplifier, a low-noise amplifier and the like, so that the miniaturization and the light weight of equipment are realized, the beam pointing accuracy is high, and the beam sidelobe suppression capability is certain; the disadvantages are high cost and large power consumption of the phased array
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The application provides an active antenna, solves current antenna problem with high costs, that the consumption is big.
An active antenna, comprising: phased array antennas, dielectric lenses; the antenna array of the phased array antenna is a microstrip circuit, one surface of the antenna array facing the dielectric lens is provided with a microstrip oscillator radiation unit, the other surface of the antenna array is a metal ground, the number of the microstrip oscillators in the horizontal direction is 8-64, the number of the microstrip oscillators in the vertical direction is 1-8, and the wave beam of the phased array antenna is at least scanned in the horizontal direction; the dielectric lens realizes beam sharpening in a horizontal plane.
Preferably, the dielectric lens has a multi-layer concentric circle structure, the base material of each layer of material is a foam material with the dielectric constant of 1-2, and the surface of each layer of material is distributed with a perturbation material.
Preferably, the dielectric lens is a dielectric cylindrical lens or a dielectric spherical lens.
Preferably, the antenna array of the phased array antenna is a microstrip circuit arranged in a curved surface, the curved surface is parallel to the outer surface of the dielectric lens, and the microstrip vibrators are arranged on a contour line at the periphery of the dielectric lens.
Preferably, each microstrip oscillator is a half-wave oscillator with independent feed, the maximum value of the unit spacing along the horizontal direction is 0.6-0.65 wavelength, and the maximum value of the unit spacing along the vertical direction is 0.85-0.9 wavelength.
Furthermore, the phased-array antenna adopts a tile-type packaging structure, the microstrip circuit comprises a feed structure and is connected with the chip layer, the chip layer comprises a CaAs or CaN amplifying circuit, a CMOS intermediate frequency channel processing circuit and a radio frequency processing circuit, and the antenna array, the radio frequency processing circuit and the intermediate frequency channel processing circuit are packaged together.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps: a mounting body with a dielectric housing; the packaging structure of the phased array antenna and the dielectric lens are fixed inside the mounting body and are led out through a coaxial head feeder line.
Furthermore, the horizontal section of the dielectric cylindrical lens is of a multilayer concentric circle structure, and the equivalent dielectric constant is gradually changed from the center to the surface by 2.05-1.05.
Preferably, the distance between the antenna array of the phased array antenna and the dielectric lens is such that the antenna gain is maximized.
Preferably, the antenna array of the phased array antenna comprises a plurality of sub-arrays distributed along the circumferential direction, each sub-array faces the axis of the lens, and each sub-array comprises a plurality of microstrip element units.
The beneficial effect of this application includes: the active antenna adopts a structural design combining a phased array antenna and a dielectric lens, the dielectric lens has the advantages of small side lobe and back lobe and good directional diagram, the beam pointing precision of the phased array antenna is high, and certain beam side lobe suppression capability is realized; in addition, the gain of the traditional phased array antenna is reduced by about 5dB at +/-60 degrees, the active antenna can improve the gain of the antenna array by about 3dB at +/-60-degree angular domain, and thus the array scale can be reduced by half under the condition that the array gain is not changed in a scanning angular domain; compared with the traditional phased array antenna, the active antenna has the advantages that the number of the vertical oscillators is reduced under the condition of the same gain.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an active antenna embodiment;
FIG. 2 is an embodiment of an artificial dielectric cylindrical lens structure;
fig. 3(a) is an antenna array of an embodiment of a phased array antenna;
FIG. 3(b) is an antenna sub-array of an embodiment of a phased array antenna;
FIG. 4 is an embodiment of a phased array antenna control circuit;
fig. 5 is an embodiment of a phased array antenna package structure.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail and completely with reference to the following specific embodiments of the present application and the accompanying drawings. It should be apparent that the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is an embodiment of an active antenna, which is a millimeter wave antenna for 5G communication, and as an embodiment of the present application, the active antenna includes: phased array antenna 1, dielectric lens 2, installation body 3, phased array antenna contains antenna array 11.
The antenna array of the phased array antenna is a microstrip circuit, one surface facing the dielectric lens is provided with a microstrip oscillator radiation unit, the other surface is a metal ground, the number of the microstrip oscillators in the horizontal direction is 8-64, the number of the microstrip oscillators in the vertical direction is 1-8, and the wave beam of the phased array antenna at least scans in the horizontal direction.
The phased array antenna may be a one-dimensional phased array antenna that scans only in the horizontal direction, or may be a two-dimensional phased array antenna that scans in both the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, and the horizontal direction scanning range is not less than 120 °.
In the embodiment of the present application, the dielectric lens is used to implement beam sharpening in a horizontal plane, and it should be noted that when the dielectric lens is a dielectric spherical or cylindrical lens, beam sharpening can also be implemented in a vertical plane.
The radiation and the reception of horizontal polarization, vertical polarization and cross polarization electromagnetic waves can be realized by different specific structures of the microstrip oscillators.
This application is millimeter wave antenna, adopts phased array antenna and the structural style of dielectric lens combination, and dielectric lens has following advantage: the side lobes and back lobes are small and therefore the pattern is good, in this application the dielectric lens acts to form a sharp beam in the horizontal direction (the direction perpendicular to the lens axis).
The medium lens is a three-dimensional structure which can pass through electromagnetic waves and has refractive index not equal to 1, and spherical waves or cylindrical waves emitted by a point source or a line source can be converted into plane waves through the lens, so that pencil-shaped or fan-shaped beams are obtained. The refractive index of the lens may be a function of position.
The shape of the lens determines its oral field distribution, and the lens may use a refractive index nzNatural medium larger than 1, or artificial medium structure composed of metal grid or metal sheet (n)z>1 or nz<1)，nz＝c/(vφ) Where c is the speed of light, vφIs the phase velocity in the medium.
For example, the dielectric lens is a dielectric ball lens, and the function of the refractive index changing with the radius is as follows:
wherein n iszAnd R is the radius of the medium sphere, R is the radial distance from the center of the sphere to the ray, and C is a set coefficient.
For another example, in the embodiment of the present application, the dielectric lens is a dielectric cylindrical lens and has a multi-layer concentric circle structure, the phased array antenna is a cylindrical conformal phased array antenna, and the focal plane of the phased array antenna and the dielectric lens is a confocal plane, that is, the center of the phased array antenna is located at the focal plane of the dielectric lens, so that the gain of the active antenna can be maximized.
Preferably, the antenna array of the phased array antenna is a microstrip circuit arranged in a curved surface, the curved surface is parallel to the outer surface of the dielectric lens, that is, microstrip oscillators are arranged on the contour line at the periphery of the dielectric lens, and the distance between any point on each oscillator unit of the antenna array of the phased array antenna and the outer surface of the dielectric lens is equal.
The phased array antenna is not limited to a curved conformal surface, and may be a planar phased array antenna, which is not particularly limited herein.
Further, the antenna array of the phased array antenna is located at the focal plane of the dielectric lens, and the antenna gain is maximized by the distance between the antenna array and the dielectric lens, so that the gain of the active antenna of the present application is maximized.
In the embodiment of the present application, the package structure 18 of the phased array antenna and the dielectric lens are fixed inside a mounting body, and are led out through the coaxial head feeder 14, and the mounting body comprises a dielectric shell and a foam plastic liner, such as polymethacrylimide. It should be noted that the mounting body may also fix the positions of the dielectric lens and the antenna array of the phased array antenna in other manners.
In the embodiment of the present application, the dielectric lens is a dielectric cylindrical lens with a diameter of about 40cm and a height of about 30cm, and a distance between the antenna array surface of the phased array antenna and the dielectric cylindrical lens is about 8 cm.
In this specification, "about" is a range of ± 10% on the basis of the number, and therefore, the diameter of the dielectric lens is 36cm to 44cm, the height thereof is 27cm to 33cm, and the distance between the antenna array surface of the phased array antenna and the cylindrical surface of the dielectric lens is 7.2cm to 8.8 cm.
The active antenna realized by the embodiment of the application can achieve the following technical indexes: the frequency range Ka wave band, the number of oscillator units is 4 vertical multiplied by 8 horizontal which is 32, EIRP is more than or equal to 50dBmi, the scanning angle is +/-60deg, the beam width is 13deg (normal), the side lobe level is < -15dB, the beam forming time is 8us, and the interfaces are Ethernet and RS 232; the power interface Single24VDC (< 20W).
Experiments are carried out on the active antenna realized by the embodiment of the application, and experiments show that the gain of the classical microstrip phased array antenna can be reduced by about 5dB when the scanning angle is +/-60 degrees, and the antenna with the reconfigurable directional diagram can be used as a radiation unit of the active phased array antenna, so that the gain of an antenna array in a +/-60-degree angle domain can be improved by about 3dB, and the array scale can be reduced by a half under the condition that the array gain in the scanning angle domain is not changed.
Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of an artificial dielectric cylindrical lens structure, which can be used for the dielectric lens of the active antenna of the present application, and includes a dielectric layer 21 and a perturbation material 22.
In the embodiment of the application, the dielectric lens is a dielectric cylindrical lens, the dielectric lens has a multi-layer concentric circle structure, the base material of each layer of material is a foam material with a dielectric constant of 1-2, preferably polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride or polyethylene, and a perturbation material, such as graphite or ceramic particles, is distributed on the surface of each layer of material.
When the dielectric lens is a dielectric cylindrical lens, the horizontal section has a multi-layer concentric circle structure and comprises n concentric layers with different equivalent dielectric constants, the central cylindrical layer is the 1 st layer, the 2 nd to the nth layers are arranged by nesting outwards around the central cylindrical layer for one time, each concentric layer is assembled into a multi-layer cylinder, and the equivalent dielectric constants of the n concentric layers are gradually changed from the 1 st layer to the nth layer, particularly from 2.05 to 1.05.
In this specification, the dielectric constants are relative dielectric constants.
FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of an artificial dielectric cylindrical lens, wherein the enlarged portion shows that the perturbation material is distributed on the surface of each layer, and when the base material of the ith layer is the same as the base material of the jth layer, the distribution density of the perturbation material of the ith layer is more than or equal to that of the jth layer, wherein i < j.
This embodiment proposes a dielectric lens with a multilayer concentric structure, when a dielectric cylindrical lens is used, the axial direction is vertical, the function is to form a sharp beam in the horizontal direction (the direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the lens), and the formed beam has small side lobes and back lobes.
Fig. 3(a) shows an antenna array of an embodiment of a phased array antenna, and fig. 3(b) shows an antenna sub-array of an embodiment of a phased array antenna, which can be used in the phased array antenna of the active antenna of the present application.
In the antenna array of the phased array antenna of fig. 3(a), the antenna array 11 includes: microstrip oscillator 15, feed structure 16.
In this embodiment, a radiating element is disposed on one surface of the microstrip circuit facing the lens, and the other surface is a metal ground, the microstrip circuit includes a feeding structure connected to the chip layer 10, and a control circuit of the phased array antenna is disposed in the chip layer and includes a radio frequency processing circuit and an intermediate frequency channel processing circuit.
In the antenna array of the phased array antenna of fig. 3(b), the antenna array comprises a plurality of antenna sub-arrays 17, each antenna sub-array comprising: microstrip oscillator 15, feed structure 16.
In this embodiment, if the phased array antenna is in a cylindrical conformal structure, a plurality of sub-arrays of the antenna array are distributed along a circumferential direction, each sub-array faces the axis of the lens, each antenna sub-array includes a plurality of microstrip element units, when one antenna array includes a plurality of antenna sub-arrays, the plurality of antenna sub-arrays are arranged in a transverse direction, and the form of the transverse sub-array arrangement can enable the phased array antenna to realize beam scanning in a horizontal direction.
In the embodiment of the application, the antenna array or the antenna subarray is formed by a planar microstrip circuit, the planar microstrip circuit is tangent to the cylindrical surface, the antenna array comprises a plurality of rows of microstrip oscillators, and the antenna subarray comprises one or more rows of microstrip oscillators.
Most preferably, each element is a half-wave element fed independently.
When the microstrip antenna array or the sub-array of the phased-array antenna is a plane, in a millimeter wave frequency band of a 5G system, the maximum value of the transverse unit spacing W is 0.55 wavelength, and the maximum value of the longitudinal unit spacing H is 0.8 wavelength. According to the curved surface microstrip antenna array of the phased array antenna, in a 5G system millimeter wave frequency band, the maximum value of the transverse unit spacing W is 0.6-0.65 wavelength, and the maximum value of the longitudinal unit spacing H is 0.85-0.9 wavelength.
The embodiment provides an antenna array arrangement form of a phased-array antenna, which can be shown in fig. 3(a), each microstrip element unit is independently controlled, or as shown in fig. 3(b), a plurality of microstrip element units form an antenna sub-array, each sub-array is independently controlled, the cylindrical conformal phased-array antenna not only has the advantages of high precision and fast scanning of the phased-array antenna, but also can increase the effective aperture of the antenna in the cylindrical conformal form, and effectively utilizes the volume space.
Fig. 4 is an embodiment of a control circuit of a phased array antenna, which can be used in the control circuit of the phased array antenna of the present invention, and a typical active phased array antenna mainly includes an antenna array plane, a TR module, a feed network, a wave controller, a power supply, a signal modulator, and a structural component such as a heat sink, and as an embodiment of the present invention, the phased array antenna includes: an antenna array or antenna sub-array, radio frequency processing circuitry 12, intermediate frequency channel processing circuitry 13, digital processing circuitry 14.
The digital processing circuit is used for generating a reference clock signal and an analog baseband signal of the control circuit when the phased array antenna radiates signals outwards; the intermediate frequency channel processing circuit is used for receiving the analog baseband signal, and outputting a radio frequency transmitting signal after up-conversion; and the radio frequency processing circuit is used for receiving the radio frequency transmitting signal, realizing wave control calculation according to a preset wave beam pointing angle, amplifying the radio frequency transmitting signal according to a wave control calculation result and outputting the amplified radio frequency transmitting signal to the antenna array or the antenna subarray.
When the phased array antenna receives a space echo signal, the radio frequency processing circuit is used for receiving the space echo signal at a preset beam pointing angle and outputting a radio frequency echo signal after amplification; the intermediate frequency channel processing circuit is used for receiving the radio frequency echo signal, mixing, amplifying and filtering the radio frequency echo signal with a received local oscillator signal, and outputting an analog echo signal; receiving a baseband local oscillator signal, and outputting the received local oscillator signal after up-conversion; the digital processing circuit is used for generating a baseband local oscillator signal, generating a reference clock signal and sending the reference clock signal to the intermediate frequency channel processing circuit; and receiving the analog echo signal, and realizing digital signal processing after analog-to-digital conversion.
Specifically, the embodiment of the invention provides a design block diagram of a typical digital array phased-array antenna, which comprises an array antenna, a radio frequency processing circuit, an intermediate frequency channel processing circuit and a digital processing circuit, wherein the radio frequency processing circuit comprises a plurality of digital TR components to form multifunctional chip components, and each multifunctional chip comprises a switch, a power amplifier and a low-noise amplifier. The Direct Digital Synthesizer (DDS) input signal mainly comprises control signals in 3 binary forms of frequency, phase and amplitude, and a reference clock signal.
During transmission, a digital baseband signal generated by the DDS is converted into an analog signal through a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), a transmission excitation signal of the phased-array antenna is generated through an up-converter, the transmission excitation signal is transmitted to the antenna units through a power amplifier of the digital TR component, and finally, a required transmission directional diagram is synthesized in space through radiation signals of all the antenna units.
During receiving, the DDS generates a baseband local oscillation signal, the baseband local oscillation signal is converted into a receiving local oscillation signal through the DAC and the up-converter, the receiving local oscillation signal is mixed with a radio frequency signal of the antenna unit received by the low noise amplifier of the digital TR component to obtain an intermediate frequency signal, the intermediate frequency signal is converted through the intermediate frequency amplifier, the filter and the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to obtain an analog echo signal, and finally the analog echo signal is transmitted to the user terminal through Digital Beam Forming (DBF).
The wave controller core device is FPGA, and its main function is to calculate the terminal control command into the level of controlling the phase shifter in the TR subassembly, and generate the phase shift code to change antenna array face signal phase factor, accomplish the wave beam of active phased array antenna and scan fast, the wave controller can also have the function of power distribution in addition, thereby realize supplying power for the chip in the TR subassembly.
Fig. 5 is a diagram of an embodiment of a phased array antenna package that may be used for the active antenna of the present invention.
In the embodiment of the invention, the phased array antenna adopts a tile type packaging structure, the microstrip circuit comprises a feed structure which is connected with a chip layer, the chip layer comprises a CaAs or CaN amplifying circuit, a CMOS intermediate frequency channel processing circuit and a radio frequency processing circuit, and the antenna array or subarray, the radio frequency processing circuit and the intermediate frequency channel processing circuit are packaged together.
The tile technology can greatly reduce the quantity of printed circuit boards and connectors, can reduce the cost of the active phased array antenna through a large-scale microwave manufacturing technology and a packaging technology, and even can only achieve 1/5 of a brick circuit layout design technology.
In the embodiment of the invention, the radio frequency processing module adopts a silicon-based process design, and a gallium arsenide or gallium nitride amplification chip is used as the final-stage amplification.
The design cost is reduced to be lower through a silicon-based process (CMOS), the CMOS process can integrate functional modules such as an analog circuit, a digital circuit, a radio frequency circuit and the like on the same chip, and in order to improve the output power of the CMOS and reduce the noise of a receiving channel, a gallium arsenide or gallium nitride amplification chip is adopted as the final stage amplification to improve the transmitting power or the receiving capacity of the active phased array antenna.
For example, in the embodiment of the invention, the power amplifier, the low noise amplifier, the radio frequency switch, the phase shifter, the digital control circuit and the like are integrated through the multifunctional chip component, so that the purposes of reducing the number of chips, interconnection procedures and connecting lines of the active phased array antenna, reducing the circuit area of the chips and simplifying peripheral circuits of the chips are achieved, meanwhile, a plurality of channels are integrated on one wafer level chip through adopting a silicon-based heterogeneous integration process, the integration level and the comprehensive performance of the TR component are improved, and the cost of the active phased array antenna is greatly reduced.
In the embodiment of the invention, the simplified structure design of the phased-array antenna can be realized by adopting the System On Chip (SOC) and System On Package (SOP) technologies, so that multiple packages, interfaces, connecting cables and structural assembly are reduced, the material consumption is reduced, and the cost is reduced.
The embodiment provides a tile structure packaged phased array antenna which has the advantage of small volume.
It is to be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above description is only an example of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and changes may occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. An active antenna, comprising: phased array antennas, dielectric lenses;
the antenna array of the phased array antenna is a microstrip circuit, one surface of the antenna array facing the dielectric lens is provided with a microstrip oscillator radiation unit, the other surface of the antenna array is a metal ground, the number of the microstrip oscillators in the horizontal direction is 8-64, the number of the microstrip oscillators in the vertical direction is 1-8, and the wave beam of the phased array antenna is at least scanned in the horizontal direction;
the dielectric lens realizes beam sharpening in a horizontal plane.
2. The active antenna of claim 1, wherein the dielectric lens has a multi-layer concentric structure, the base material of each layer of material is a foam material with a dielectric constant of 1-2, and a micro-interference material is distributed on the surface of each layer of material.
3. The active antenna of claim 1, wherein the dielectric lens is a dielectric cylindrical lens or a dielectric spherical lens.
4. The active antenna of claim 1, wherein the antenna array of the phased array antenna is a microstrip circuit arranged in a curved plane parallel to the outer surface of the dielectric lens, the microstrip elements being arranged on a contour line at the periphery of the dielectric lens.
5. The active antenna of claim 1, wherein each microstrip element is an independently fed half-wave element having a maximum cell pitch of 0.6 to 0.65 wavelengths in the horizontal direction and a maximum cell pitch of 0.85 to 0.9 wavelengths in the vertical direction.
6. The active antenna of claim 1, further comprising: a mounting body with a dielectric housing;
the packaging structure of the phased array antenna and the dielectric lens are fixed inside the mounting body and are led out through a coaxial head feeder line.
7. The active antenna of claim 3, wherein the horizontal cross section of the dielectric cylindrical lens has a multi-layer concentric circle structure, and the equivalent dielectric constant is gradually changed from the center to the surface within the range of 2.05-1.05.
8. An active antenna according to claim 3, wherein the antenna array of the phased array antenna comprises a plurality of sub-arrays distributed along the circumferential direction, each sub-array facing the axis of the lens, each sub-array comprising a plurality of microstrip element elements.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111541028A (en) * | 2020-05-14 | 2020-08-14 | 北京高信达通信科技股份有限公司 | Active antenna and manufacturing method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111541028A (en) * | 2020-05-14 | 2020-08-14 | 北京高信达通信科技股份有限公司 | Active antenna and manufacturing method |
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