CN212158709U - Gas flow detection sensor - Google Patents
Gas flow detection sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN212158709U CN212158709U CN202021316434.XU CN202021316434U CN212158709U CN 212158709 U CN212158709 U CN 212158709U CN 202021316434 U CN202021316434 U CN 202021316434U CN 212158709 U CN212158709 U CN 212158709U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a gas flow detection sensor, which comprises a circuit board, wherein the circuit board comprises a temperature control circuit, a heat detection circuit, a heating element, a first temperature measurement element and a second temperature measurement element which are arranged at intervals; the heating element is respectively electrically connected with the temperature control circuit and the heat detection circuit; the temperature control circuit is respectively electrically connected with the first temperature measuring element and the second temperature measuring element and stops heating the heating element when the temperature difference between the temperature measured by the first temperature measuring element and the temperature measured by the second temperature measuring element is a preset temperature threshold value; the heating element is proximate to the first temperature sensing element and distal to the second temperature sensing element. The utility model discloses a heating element is in order to keep the temperature difference invariable and the heat that consumes reflects gas flow's size, can not only guarantee gas flow detection's accuracy, also can effectively reduce flow sensor's cost.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a flow measurement technical field, in particular to gas flow detects sensor.
Background
A flow sensor is a sensor for measuring a gas flow, and accurate measurement of a flow in real time is very important in application fields such as environmental monitoring, medical health, safety protection, and trade settlement. Such as Electronic Control of gasoline injection, engine flow sensor to obtain optimum concentration of mixture under various operating conditions, must accurately measure the amount of air drawn into the engine at each instant, which is used as the main basis for Electronic Control Unit) to Control the amount of injected fuel. If the air flow sensor or the circuit is in fault, the ECU can not obtain a correct air inflow signal, the control of the fuel injection quantity can not be normally carried out, the mixed gas is over-rich or over-lean, and the engine is abnormal in operation.
However, the existing flow sensors capable of achieving accurate measurement are expensive, which affects the use of the flow sensors in some application scenarios requiring cost reduction.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model discloses the technical problem that will solve is: the gas flow detection sensor can not only ensure the accuracy of gas flow detection, but also effectively reduce the cost of the flow sensor.
In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model discloses a technical scheme be:
a gas flow detection sensor comprises a circuit board, wherein the circuit board comprises a temperature control circuit, a heat detection circuit, a heating element, a first temperature measurement element and a second temperature measurement element which are arranged at intervals;
the heating element is electrically connected with the temperature control circuit and the heat detection circuit respectively;
the temperature control circuit is respectively electrically connected with the first temperature measuring element and the second temperature measuring element and stops heating the heating element when the temperature difference between the temperature measured by the first temperature measuring element and the temperature measured by the second temperature measuring element is a preset temperature threshold value;
the heating element is close to the first temperature measuring element and far away from the second temperature measuring element.
Further, the heat detection circuit includes a current transducer connected in series with the heating element and a voltage transducer connected in parallel across the heating element.
Further, the temperature control circuit comprises an operational amplifier, an NPN triode, a divider resistor, a first resistor and a second resistor, wherein the first resistor and the second resistor are equal in resistance;
the positive end of the operational amplifier is electrically connected with the first end of the first temperature measuring element and the first end of the second temperature measuring element respectively, the negative end of the operational amplifier is electrically connected with the first end of the first resistor and the first end of the second resistor respectively, and the output end of the operational amplifier is electrically connected with the base electrode of the NPN triode;
the second end of the first temperature measuring element, the second end of the first resistor and one end of the heating element are all connected with a power supply voltage end, and the other end of the heating element is electrically connected with a collector electrode of the NPN triode;
the second end of the second temperature measuring element is electrically connected with the first end of the divider resistor, and the second end of the divider resistor, the second end of the second resistor and the emitting electrode of the NPN triode are all grounded.
Further, the divider resistor is an adjustable resistor.
Further, the heating element is a heating resistor, and the first temperature measuring element and the second temperature measuring element are both thermistors.
Further, the number of the heating elements is two, and the first temperature measuring element is arranged between the two heating elements.
Further, the resistance values of the two heating elements are equal.
Further, the device also comprises a shell;
a first part of the circuit board, which comprises the temperature control circuit and the heat detection circuit, is arranged in the shell;
the second part of the circuit board, which comprises the heating element, the first temperature measuring element and the second temperature measuring element, is exposed out of the shell.
Further, a layer of heat-conducting glue is wrapped outside the heating element.
Furthermore, the second part of the circuit board is two end parts which are arranged in parallel, the heating element and the first temperature measuring element are positioned at one end part, and the second temperature measuring element is positioned at the other end part.
The beneficial effects of the utility model reside in that: a gas flow detection sensor is characterized in that a first temperature measuring element is continuously heated through a heating element, so that the temperature of the first temperature measuring element is increased, the heating element is stopped to be heated until the temperature of the first temperature measuring element is different from the temperature of a second temperature measuring element by a preset temperature threshold value, and the heat of the heating element in the process is accumulated and calculated through a heat detection circuit; wherein, gas can take away the heat when the heating element, and the size of gas flow and the heat proportional relation of heating element loss, say equivalently, gas flow is big more, then heating resistor need produce more heat and make the temperature of first temperature measurement element and second temperature measurement element's temperature difference reach preset temperature threshold value, thereby obtain gas flow in order to keep the temperature difference invariable the heat that consumes through the heating element, can not only guarantee gas flow detection's accuracy, also can effectively reduce flow sensor's cost.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a module connection of a gas flow sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a gas flow rate detection sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a bottom view of a gas flow sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of a gas flow sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
100. a housing; 200. a circuit board;
1. a temperature control circuit; 2. a heat detection circuit; 3. a heating element; 4. a first temperature measuring element; 5. a second temperature measuring element;
IT, current transducer; q1 and NPN triode; r1, a first resistor; r2, a second resistor; r3, a first heating resistor; r4, second heating resistance; TR1, a first thermistor; TR2, a second thermistor; u1, operational amplifier; VCC, a supply voltage terminal; VR, adjustable resistance; XT, voltage transmitter.
Detailed Description
In order to explain the technical content, the objects and the effects of the present invention in detail, the following description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings in combination with the embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, a gas flow detection sensor includes a circuit board, wherein the circuit board includes a temperature control circuit, a heat detection circuit, a heating element, and a first temperature measurement element and a second temperature measurement element which are arranged at an interval;
the heating element is electrically connected with the temperature control circuit and the heat detection circuit respectively;
the temperature control circuit is respectively electrically connected with the first temperature measuring element and the second temperature measuring element and stops heating the heating element when the temperature difference between the temperature measured by the first temperature measuring element and the temperature measured by the second temperature measuring element is a preset temperature threshold value;
the heating element is close to the first temperature measuring element and far away from the second temperature measuring element.
It should be noted that, in a certain flow rate test environment, in order to reach a preset temperature threshold, the first temperature measurement element and the second temperature measurement element perform an accumulative calculation on the heat generated by the heating element in the whole process of starting and stopping according to the temperature control circuit to obtain a reference heat value, so that the proportional relationship between the magnitude of the gas flow rate and the heat lost by the heating element can be obtained, and preferably, the measurement can be performed in the case of no flow rate. When the subsequent flow detection is carried out, the larger the gas flow is, the higher the heat dissipation of the heating element is, so that the heating element needs to provide more heat in order to enable the temperature of the first temperature measuring element and the temperature of the second temperature measuring element to reach a preset temperature threshold, therefore, the gas flow is different, in order to enable the temperature of the first temperature measuring element and the temperature of the second temperature measuring element to reach the preset temperature threshold, the heat required to be provided by the heating element cannot be the same, and the gas flow is obtained according to the change proportion of the heat.
From the above description, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: continuously heating the first temperature measuring element by the heating element to increase the temperature of the first temperature measuring element, stopping heating the heating element until the temperature of the first temperature measuring element is different from the temperature measured by the second temperature measuring element by a preset temperature threshold value, and performing accumulative calculation on the heat of the heating element in the process by the heat detection circuit; wherein, gas can take away the heat when the heating element, and the size of gas flow and the heat proportional relation of heating element loss, say equivalently, gas flow is big more, then heating resistor need produce more heat and make the temperature of first temperature measurement element and second temperature measurement element's temperature difference reach preset temperature threshold value, thereby obtain gas flow in order to keep the temperature difference invariable the heat that consumes through the heating element, can not only guarantee gas flow detection's accuracy, also can effectively reduce flow sensor's cost.
Further, the heat detection circuit includes a current transducer connected in series with the heating element and a voltage transducer connected in parallel across the heating element.
From the above description, it can be seen that by obtaining the real-time voltage and current of the heating element, the power of the heating element can be determined, and thus the amount of heat consumed by the heating element in the process.
Further, the temperature control circuit comprises an operational amplifier, an NPN triode, a divider resistor, a first resistor and a second resistor, wherein the first resistor and the second resistor are equal in resistance;
the positive end of the operational amplifier is electrically connected with the first end of the first temperature measuring element and the first end of the second temperature measuring element respectively, the negative end of the operational amplifier is electrically connected with the first end of the first resistor and the first end of the second resistor respectively, and the output end of the operational amplifier is electrically connected with the base electrode of the NPN triode;
the second end of the first temperature measuring element, the second end of the first resistor and one end of the heating element are all connected with a power supply voltage end, and the other end of the heating element is electrically connected with a collector electrode of the NPN triode;
the second end of the second temperature measuring element is electrically connected with the first end of the divider resistor, and the second end of the divider resistor, the second end of the second resistor and the emitting electrode of the NPN triode are all grounded.
From the above description, it can be seen that, assuming that the power supply voltage of the power supply voltage end is a, the voltage of the negative terminal of the operational amplifier is always a/2, when the operational amplifier is powered on, the voltage of the positive terminal of the operational amplifier is higher than a/2 due to the voltage dividing resistor on the voltage dividing branch where the second temperature measuring element is located, the operational amplifier performs the amplifying circuit to turn on the NPN triode, the heating element located at the collector of the NPN triode is powered on to start heating, and the heat detecting circuit collects the heating heat in real time, during the heating process, the heating element is close to the first temperature measuring element and far from the second temperature measuring element, so that the first temperature measuring element is continuously heated by the influence of the heating element, the resistance of the first temperature measuring element is increased until the resistance of the voltage dividing resistor is equal to that of the second temperature measuring element, the operational amplifier does not output a signal, and the NPN triode, the heating element at the collector of the NPN transistor stops heating. The temperature reduction speed of the heating element or the resistance increase speed of the first temperature measurement element caused by the temperature increase is influenced by the gas with different flow rates, so that the heat consumed by the heating element in the whole process is different, and therefore the gas flow rate can be measured through the measured heat.
Further, the divider resistor is an adjustable resistor.
From the above description, it can be known that, because the temperature difference between the first temperature measurement element and the second temperature measurement element is actually equal to the corresponding resistance difference and the divider resistor, the temperature threshold value of the difference between the two temperature measurement elements can be adjusted by adjusting the resistance value of the divider resistor, so as to be suitable for different application scenarios.
Further, the heating element is a heating resistor, and the first temperature measuring element and the second temperature measuring element are both thermistors.
From the above description, the heating resistor and the thermistor are low in cost and reliable in implementation.
Further, the number of the heating elements is two, and the first temperature measuring element is arranged between the two heating elements.
As can be seen from the above description, the two heating elements are located at two sides of the first temperature measuring element, so as to ensure the stability of the temperature measured by the first temperature measuring element under different environments.
Further, the resistance values of the two heating elements are equal.
From the above description, it can be known that the two heating elements are located on two sides of the first temperature measurement element and have equal resistance values, that is, the two heating elements have the same heat dissipation, and uniformly heat the spatial position where the first temperature measurement element is located, so as to ensure the stability of the temperature measured by the first temperature measurement element in different environments.
Further, the device also comprises a shell;
a first part of the circuit board, which comprises the temperature control circuit and the heat detection circuit, is arranged in the shell;
the second part of the circuit board, which comprises the heating element, the first temperature measuring element and the second temperature measuring element, is exposed out of the shell.
Further, a layer of heat-conducting glue is wrapped outside the heating element.
As can be seen from the above description, the second portion of the circuit board including the heating element, the first temperature measuring element and the second temperature measuring element is exposed outside the housing, so that the heating element is directly exposed in the external environment, and the heat conducting glue is coated on the outside, thereby satisfying the heat conducting requirement and playing the role of insulation.
Furthermore, the second part of the circuit board is two end parts which are arranged in parallel, the heating element and the first temperature measuring element are positioned at one end part, and the second temperature measuring element is positioned at the other end part.
As can be seen from the above description, the two ends are arranged so that the first temperature sensing element is affected by the heating element and the second temperature sensing element is unaffected by the heating element.
The utility model discloses a gas flow detection sensor can be applied to any application scene that needs carry out gas flow, explains with concrete application scene below combining:
referring to fig. 1 to 4, a first embodiment of the present invention is:
in the present embodiment, the gas flow rate detection sensor is applied to an application scenario in which air and fuel gas are proportioned, and the gas flow rate detection sensor of the present embodiment is placed in an air inlet pipeline to detect air flow rate, specifically as follows.
A gas flow detection sensor comprises a shell 100 and a circuit board 200, wherein the circuit board 200 comprises a temperature control circuit 1, a heat detection circuit 2, a heating element 3, a first temperature measurement element 4 and a second temperature measurement element 5 which are arranged at intervals, in the embodiment, the heating element 3 comprises two heating resistors with equal resistance values, namely a first heating resistor R3 and a second heating resistor R4, the first temperature measurement element 4 and the second temperature measurement element 5 are thermistors and respectively correspond to a first thermistor TR1 and a second thermistor TR 2. In other equivalent embodiments, at least one heating resistor is required, and different temperature measuring elements or thermistors can be selected to achieve the above effects.
As shown in fig. 1, in terms of the electrical connection relationship, the heating element 3 is electrically connected to the temperature control circuit 1 and the heat detecting circuit 2, respectively, and the temperature control circuit 1 is electrically connected to the first temperature measuring element 4 and the second temperature measuring element 5, respectively, and stops heating the heating element 3 when the temperatures measured by the two elements are different from each other by a predetermined temperature threshold.
As shown in fig. 2, from the structural connection point of view, a first portion of the circuit board 200 including the temperature control circuit 1 and the heat detection circuit 2 is installed in the casing 100, and a second portion of the circuit board 200 including the two heating elements 3, the first temperature measurement element 4 and the second temperature measurement element 5 is exposed outside the casing 100. The second portion exposed outside the housing 100 is two parallel end portions, the heating element 3 and the first temperature measuring element 4 are located at one end portion, and the second temperature measuring element 5 is located at the other end portion. As shown in fig. 3, the first temperature measuring element 4 is disposed at the middle position of the two heating elements 3 to ensure the stability of the temperature measured by the first temperature measuring element 4 under different environments, and at this time, the second temperature measuring element 5 is far away from the heating elements 3.
In this embodiment, the heating element 3 is wrapped with a layer of heat conducting glue, so as to meet the requirement of heat conduction and also play a role of insulation.
Therefore, the first temperature measuring element 4 is heated by the heating element 3, so that when the temperature of the first temperature measuring element and the temperature of the second temperature measuring element 5 reach the preset temperature threshold value, the temperature control circuit 1 stops heating the heating element 3, and the heat consumed in the process is measured by the heat detection circuit 2, so as to obtain the gas flow.
When the gas flow detection sensor is placed in an air inlet pipeline to detect the air flow, more reasonable air-fuel ratio can be carried out according to the real-time air flow.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, a second embodiment of the present invention is:
the present embodiment is consistent with the first embodiment in application scenario, and the difference is that the temperature control circuit 1 and the heat detection circuit 2 are further defined as follows.
A gas flow detection sensor is disclosed, as shown in figure 4, a heat detection circuit 2 comprises a current transducer IT and a voltage transducer XT, wherein the current transducer IT is connected with a first heating resistor R3 and a second heating resistor R4 in series, the voltage transducer XT is connected in parallel at two ends of a first heating resistor R3 and a second heating resistor R4, so that the heat consumed in the process of the first heating resistor R3 and the second heating resistor R4 is obtained according to the real-time voltage and current of the first heating resistor R3 and the second heating resistor R4.
As shown in fig. 4, the temperature control circuit 1 includes an operational amplifier U1, an NPN transistor Q1, a voltage dividing resistor, and a first resistor R1 and a second resistor R2 with equal resistance values; the positive end of the operational amplifier U1 is electrically connected with the first end of the first thermistor TR1 and the first end of the second thermistor TR2 respectively, the negative end of the operational amplifier U1 is electrically connected with the first end of the first resistor R1 and the first end of the second resistor R2 respectively, and the output end of the operational amplifier U1 is electrically connected with the base of the NPN triode Q1; a second end of the first thermistor TR1, a second end of the first resistor R1 and a first end of the first heating resistor R3 are all connected with a power supply voltage terminal VCC, a second end of the first heating resistor R3 is electrically connected with a first end of the second heating resistor R4, and a second end of the second heating resistor R4 is electrically connected with a collector of an NPN triode Q1; the second end of the second thermistor TR2 is electrically connected to the first end of the voltage dividing resistor, and the second end of the voltage dividing resistor, the second end of the second resistor R2 and the emitter of the NPN triode Q1 are all grounded.
In this embodiment, the divider resistor is an adjustable resistor VR, and the temperature threshold of the phase difference between the two temperature measurement elements can be adjusted by adjusting the resistance of the divider resistor, so as to adapt to different application scenarios, such as a phase difference of 30 °, a phase difference of 20 °, and the like. In other equivalent embodiments, the resistor with a fixed resistance value can also realize the gas flow detection, but the temperature threshold cannot be adjusted.
If the preset temperature threshold is 30 °, under the condition that no gas is introduced, assuming that the temperature difference between the first thermistor TR1 and the second thermistor TR2 can reach 30 ° only by 1000J of heat, after a certain flow of gas is introduced, the gas can take away the heating heat of the first heating resistor R3 and the second heating resistor R4, so that the first thermistor TR1 needs more heat to be heated to a temperature difference of 30 ° with the second thermistor TR2, for example, 1500J at this time, and therefore, the gas flow is converted according to the heat change of 500J in a proportional relationship.
Referring to fig. 4, when the power supply voltage of the power supply voltage terminal VCC is a, the voltage of the negative terminal of the operational amplifier U1 is always a/2, when power is just turned on, the voltage of the positive terminal of the operational amplifier U1 is higher than a/2, the operational amplifier U1 performs an amplifying circuit to turn on the NPN transistor Q1, the first heating resistor R3 and the second heating resistor R4 located at the collector of the NPN transistor Q1 are energized to start heating, the current transducer IT and the voltage transducer XT are fed back to the PC terminal by collecting corresponding current and voltage to calculate heat, during heating, the first thermistor TR1 is continuously heated by the first heating resistor R3 and the second heating resistor R4 due to the proximity of the first heating resistor R3 and the second heating resistor R4 to the first thermistor TR1, so that the resistance of the first thermistor TR1 is increased until the resistance of the adjustable resistor VR is equal to that of the second thermistor TR2 and VR, the operational amplifier U1 does not output a signal, the NPN transistor Q1 is turned off, and the first heating resistor R3 and the second heating resistor R4, which are located at the collector of the NPN transistor Q1, stop heating.
To sum up, the utility model provides a pair of gas flow detection sensor stops to carry out the ohmic heating to heating resistor when the temperature difference that two thermistors measured through triode and operational amplifier predetermines the temperature threshold value, calculate the heat through electric current and voltage that current transducer and voltage transducer gathered, because the gas can take away the heat when the heating resistor, and the size of gas flow is proportional relation with the heat of two heating resistor losses, consequently, reflect the size of gas flow through the heat that heating resistor consumed in order to keep the temperature difference invariable to guarantee the accuracy that gas flow detected; meanwhile, the cost of components adopted by the whole implementation scheme is low, so that the accuracy of gas flow detection can be guaranteed, and the cost of the flow sensor can be effectively reduced.
The above mentioned is only the embodiment of the present invention, and not the limitation of the patent scope of the present invention, all the equivalent transformations made by the contents of the specification and the drawings, or the direct or indirect application in the related technical field, are included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a gas flow detection sensor, includes the circuit board, its characterized in that: the circuit board comprises a temperature control circuit, a heat detection circuit, a heating element, a first temperature measuring element and a second temperature measuring element which are arranged at intervals;
the heating element is electrically connected with the temperature control circuit and the heat detection circuit respectively;
the temperature control circuit is respectively electrically connected with the first temperature measuring element and the second temperature measuring element and stops heating the heating element when the temperature difference between the temperature measured by the first temperature measuring element and the temperature measured by the second temperature measuring element is a preset temperature threshold value;
the heating element is close to the first temperature measuring element and far away from the second temperature measuring element.
2. A gas flow rate detecting sensor according to claim 1, wherein: the heat detection circuit comprises a current transmitter and a voltage transmitter, wherein the current transmitter is connected with the heating element in series, and the voltage transmitter is connected to two ends of the heating element in parallel.
3. A gas flow rate detecting sensor according to claim 1, wherein: the temperature control circuit comprises an operational amplifier, an NPN triode, a divider resistor, a first resistor and a second resistor, wherein the first resistor and the second resistor are equal in resistance;
the positive end of the operational amplifier is electrically connected with the first end of the first temperature measuring element and the first end of the second temperature measuring element respectively, the negative end of the operational amplifier is electrically connected with the first end of the first resistor and the first end of the second resistor respectively, and the output end of the operational amplifier is electrically connected with the base electrode of the NPN triode;
the second end of the first temperature measuring element, the second end of the first resistor and one end of the heating element are all connected with a power supply voltage end, and the other end of the heating element is electrically connected with a collector electrode of the NPN triode;
the second end of the second temperature measuring element is electrically connected with the first end of the divider resistor, and the second end of the divider resistor, the second end of the second resistor and the emitting electrode of the NPN triode are all grounded.
4. A gas flow rate detecting sensor according to claim 3, wherein: the divider resistor is an adjustable resistor.
5. A gas flow rate detecting sensor according to claim 1, wherein: the heating element is a heating resistor, and the first temperature measuring element and the second temperature measuring element are both thermistors.
6. A gas flow rate detecting sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the two heating elements are arranged, and the first temperature measuring element is arranged between the two heating elements.
7. A gas flow rate detecting sensor according to claim 6, wherein: the resistance values of the two heating elements are equal.
8. A gas flow rate detecting sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the device also comprises a shell;
a first part of the circuit board, which comprises the temperature control circuit and the heat detection circuit, is arranged in the shell;
the second part of the circuit board, which comprises the heating element, the first temperature measuring element and the second temperature measuring element, is exposed out of the shell.
9. A gas flow rate detecting sensor according to claim 8, wherein: and a layer of heat-conducting glue is wrapped outside the heating element.
10. A gas flow rate detecting sensor according to claim 8, wherein: the second part of the circuit board is two end parts which are arranged in parallel, the heating element and the first temperature measuring element are positioned at one end part, and the second temperature measuring element is positioned at the other end part.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202021316434.XU CN212158709U (en) | 2020-07-07 | 2020-07-07 | Gas flow detection sensor |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202021316434.XU CN212158709U (en) | 2020-07-07 | 2020-07-07 | Gas flow detection sensor |
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| CN212158709U true CN212158709U (en) | 2020-12-15 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113670452A (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2021-11-19 | 深圳市汇顶科技股份有限公司 | Non-contact temperature measuring device, temperature measuring module therein and electronic equipment |
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2020
- 2020-07-07 CN CN202021316434.XU patent/CN212158709U/en active Active
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113670452A (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2021-11-19 | 深圳市汇顶科技股份有限公司 | Non-contact temperature measuring device, temperature measuring module therein and electronic equipment |
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