CN212156662U - Crude oil heating furnace - Google Patents
Crude oil heating furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN212156662U CN212156662U CN202020200208.9U CN202020200208U CN212156662U CN 212156662 U CN212156662 U CN 212156662U CN 202020200208 U CN202020200208 U CN 202020200208U CN 212156662 U CN212156662 U CN 212156662U
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- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 133
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011214 refractory ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 127
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000014676 Phragmites communis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
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- 230000009123 feedback regulation Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
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- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 43
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
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Abstract
The utility model provides a crude oil heating furnace, the heating furnace is a water jacket heating furnace, the shell consists of a rolling cylinder body and two side end sockets, the whole body is divided into an inner layer and an outer layer, the inner layer is a heat preservation layer consisting of refractory ceramic fiber materials, and the outer layer is formed by welding a rolling steel plate painted with color paint and the end sockets; the middle part of the smoke tube is cylindrical and is made of stainless steel coils, one side of the smoke tube is connected with a chimney through a tube bundle which is formed by assembling and welding a plurality of seamless tubes and a clamping tube plate, and the other side of the smoke tube is directly connected with a combustor; the oil-feeding coil pipe is a snakelike coil pipe formed by assembling and welding a seamless pipe and a clamping pipe plate and is positioned in the water jacket; the outer wall of the oil-feeding coil pipe is welded with straight fins, so that the heat exchange area between the pipe wall and water in the water jacket can be increased to strengthen heat exchange; the utility model discloses a feedforward of gas flow judges regulation and feedback regulation in advance and combines, makes it realize that crude oil goes out liquid temperature control's low delay, low energy consumption, low pollution and high accuracy requirement to and the effective control of excess air coefficient.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to crude oil preliminary treatment field, concretely relates to crude oil heating furnace and control system thereof.
Background
The heating furnace is one of main energy consumption devices of the combined station, is used for heating crude oil so as to be beneficial to transportation and other production processes, the crude oil has large viscosity and poor liquidity at normal temperature, and is not beneficial to long-distance transportation, the heating furnace heats the crude oil to a specified temperature in the heating process, and the viscosity and the liquidity of the heated crude oil are reduced and increased, so that petroleum transportation is facilitated; however, crude oil is susceptible to cracking when heated to temperatures that are too high (typically >150 ℃), and therefore the outlet oil temperature needs to be tightly controlled. The existing single-loop control scheme adopts two-gear regulation and control of big and small fire, has low control precision, high time delay and large fluctuation of oil outlet temperature, and cannot achieve the aim of precisely controlling the outlet temperature of crude oil of a heating furnace; when the heating temperature is higher than the specified temperature, the waste of fuel gas is caused, and the energy-saving requirement is not met; when the heating temperature is lower than the specified temperature, the oil outlet temperature does not meet the process requirement; meanwhile, the existing control scheme only depends on preliminary calculation to determine the air supply quantity, and the actual excess air coefficient cannot be effectively controlled.
Chinese patent 201210230272.1 proposes the design of heating furnace intelligence temperature control system, adopts the PLC system that can carry out field control and can carry out the computer upper operating system of communication connection with the PLC system and constitute intelligent control system to carry out the control and the setting of six aspects through this intelligent control system to the heating furnace: the control of a safety protection system is realized on the aspects of furnace temperature control, furnace pressure control and air-fuel ratio control, an HMI interface is adopted on an intelligent control system, and historical data is recorded. The technology can adjust and control the furnace temperature and the furnace pressure according to the heating temperature of each section in real time, so that the heating utilization rate is improved, and meanwhile, the effect is shown in the aspects of energy conservation and consumption reduction. The south China university of science and engineering carries out the design of a computer automatic control system for heating a water jacket furnace, and adopts an industrial computer and an industrial control module assembly to control a burner, so that the automatic control mode with constant temperature, unattended operation and high precision is realized, the control precision of the crude oil gathering and transportation temperature is improved, the potential safety hazard is eliminated, and the production management efficiency is improved; however, the control scheme still only controls according to a pure crude oil output temperature signal, and the problem of high control delay degree of the water jacket heating furnace is also not solved, and the adaptability to unstable working conditions is weak.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
For solving the above problem, an object of the utility model is to provide a novel full self-heating control system, with the feedforward of gas flow predetermine the regulation and the feedback adjustment combines together and carries out the feedback adjustment to the interior excess air factor of stove, make it realize that crude oil goes out liquid temperature control's low delay, low energy consumption, low pollution and high accuracy requirement.
The utility model relates to a crude oil heating furnace, the heating furnace is water jacket heating furnace, and the casing comprises system barrel and both sides head, and it is two-layer inside and outside whole branch, inlayer are the heat preservation of compriseing refractory ceramic fiber material, and reducible tobacco pipe and water jacket form to external calorific loss, the skin by the system steel sheet of rolling up of the colored paint of spary and head welding, both can support furnace body structure and can slow down the corruption.
The middle part of the smoke tube is cylindrical and is made of stainless steel coils, one side of the smoke tube is connected with a chimney through a tube bundle which is formed by assembling and welding a plurality of seamless tubes and a clamping tube plate, and the other side of the smoke tube is directly connected with a combustor;
the oil-feeding coil pipe is a snakelike coil pipe formed by assembling and welding a seamless pipe and a clamping pipe plate and is positioned in the water jacket.
The outer wall of the oil-feeding coil pipe is welded with straight fins, so that the heat exchange area between the pipe wall and water in the water jacket can be increased to strengthen heat exchange.
The zirconia type oxygen sensor integrally adopts a detachable structure, four fixing bolts penetrating through the chimney wall are welded at the tail end of the zirconia type oxygen sensor, and the bolts extending out of the chimney outer wall are configured with hexagon nuts at the chimney outer wall, so that the zirconia type oxygen sensor not only has a fixing effect, but also is convenient to detach.
The chimney is provided with an access door above the sensor placement position, so that the sensor can be conveniently overhauled and replaced.
The liquid level sensor is connected with the water filling valve, the whole water filling valve adopts a detachable structure, the water filling valve comprises a floating ball placed on the water surface of the water jacket and a reed pipe vertically placed, the head of the liquid level sensor is flat steel and is fixed on the upper surface of the shell of the water jacket heating furnace through the arrangement of bolts and nuts, and the flat steel of the head and the reed pipe at the lower part are formed by fixing and vertically welding.
The heating furnace also comprises other physical property parameter sensors, the physical property parameter sensors comprise a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor and the like, the whole heating furnace also adopts a detachable structure, the fixed end is connected with the heating furnace shell through the arrangement of bolts and nuts, and the testing end extends to the inside of an object to be measured.
This water jacket heater disturbance is judged controller in advance, gas regulation intelligent control ware, air supply and is adjusted intelligent control ware all to use 80C51 series's singlechip, and the three can disperse and place each position in the heating furnace, also can integrate on the PC, as the utility model discloses a preferred embodiment, so adopt the dispersion to arrange for the function that more vividly shows three kinds of controllers.
The input of disturbance prejudgement controller links to each other with import temperature sensor, import flow sensor, and the output links to each other with controlgear and remote work station such as gas control valve, air door control valve, the disturbance prejudgement controller comprises internal memory, CPU, IO interface, has inlayed in the internal memory the utility model discloses in the program of the crude oil disturbance judgement module algorithm that provides, input interface circuit receives crude oil import temperature signal and import flow signal, output interface circuit conveys CPU operation result to the controlgear and the remote work station of this water jacket formula heating furnace.
The input end of the intelligent gas regulating controller is connected with the water jacket temperature sensor, the gas pipeline pressure sensor and the gas pipeline temperature sensor, and the output end of the intelligent gas regulating controller is connected with the gas control valve, the remote workstation and the intelligent air quantity supply regulating controller. The program of the gas regulation control system algorithm provided by the utility model is embedded in the internal memory of the gas regulation intelligent controller, and the input interface circuit receives the water jacket temperature signal, the gas pipeline pressure signal and the gas pipeline temperature signal; the CPU calls the program instruction to operate, and the output interface circuit transmits the operation result of the CPU to the gas control valve, the remote workstation and the air quantity supply regulation intelligent controller.
The input end of the air quantity supply regulation intelligent controller is connected with the fuel gas regulation intelligent controller and the zirconia type oxygen sensor, and the output end of the air quantity supply regulation intelligent controller is connected with the air door control valve and the remote workstation. It has inlayed in the internal storage the utility model discloses in the program of providing air regulation control system algorithm, input interface circuit receives gas flow signal and flue gas oxygen content signal, and CPU calls program instruction and operates, and output interface circuit conveys CPU operation result to air door control valve and remote workstation.
The air release valve can quickly exhaust air in the smoke pipe, and is used for emergency treatment when an accident happens, so that the accident is prevented from being enlarged. The safety valve is connected with the water jacket pressure sensor and used for protecting the air pressure in the water jacket within a safety range, and the valve is opened to release the pressure when the pressure in the water jacket is over-pressurized. The water jacket pressure sensor is combined with a safety valve to measure the pressure in the water jacket. The blow-down valve is used for blow-down treatment of the heating furnace, and comprises the discharge of wastewater and dirty oil in the heating furnace.
Furthermore, the disturbance pre-judging controller is internally embedded with a program of a crude oil disturbance judging module algorithm provided by the utility model, and the fuel gas regulating intelligent controller is embedded with a program of a fuel gas regulating and controlling system algorithm provided by the utility model; the air quantity supply regulation intelligent controller is embedded with a program for the algorithm of the air quantity regulation control system provided by the utility model;
after the crude oil enters the heating furnace, the gas regulating intelligent controller releases gas, the gas is mixed with air supplied by the air quantity supplying regulating intelligent controller, the mixture is ignited by the burner and then enters the hearth for combustion, and the generated flue gas heats water in the water jacket through the smoke tube so as to transfer heat to the crude oil in the oil pan tube, thereby realizing the heating of the crude oil.
Further, the gas flow regulating module comprises an outlet temperature sensor, an inlet flow sensor, a disturbance prejudgment controller, a gas regulating intelligent controller, a gas pipeline temperature sensor and a water jacket temperature sensor.
When crude oil enters a heating furnace for heating, firstly, an inlet temperature sensor and an inlet flow sensor measure the inlet temperature and the inlet flow of the crude oil, and upload data to a remote workstation and a disturbance pre-judging controller embedded in a crude oil disturbance judging module algorithm, and the disturbance pre-judging controller judges whether a regulating system needs to be started when the crude oil is disturbed;
when the calculation result of the crude oil fluctuation is larger than a certain limit and the regulating system needs to be started, firstly, the gas flow is feedforward regulated: measuring the actual temperature in the water jacket by a water jacket temperature sensor;
the gas pipeline pressure sensor and the gas pipeline temperature sensor measure the temperature and the pressure in the gas pipeline and transmit signals to the remote workstation and the gas regulation intelligent controller;
and the gas regulating intelligent controller determines a gas regulating mode according to an internally designed gas feedforward regulating program so as to quickly regulate the temperature of the water jacket to the corresponding temperature.
Further, gas flow feedback regulation is carried out: the outlet temperature of the heated crude oil is measured by the outlet temperature sensor and uploaded to the remote workstation and the gas regulation intelligent controller, and the PID automatic control program in the gas regulation intelligent controller finely regulates the gas flow so as to ensure that the regulation precision of the oil outlet temperature meets the requirement.
The water jacket also comprises a water adding valve and a liquid level sensor, after the water in the water jacket is heated, the evaporation capacity is increased, and the water amount needs to be supplemented in time, when the liquid level sensor detects that the water level in the water jacket is lower than a certain limit value, the water can be injected into the water jacket through the water adding valve, and when the liquid level sensor detects that the water level in the water jacket reaches a set value, the water adding valve is closed, so that the water level in the water jacket is always maintained in a constant range.
Further, air supply quantity regulation is carried out: the air supply quantity regulation control system consists of an air supply regulation intelligent controller and a zirconia type oxygen sensor. During the working process, the gas regulating intelligent controller stores the gas flow in the regulating process in real time and transmits the gas flow to the remote workstation and the air quantity supplying and regulating intelligent controller, firstly, the air quantity required by combustion is supplied preliminarily according to the gas flow, then, the oxygen content in the flue gas is measured by the zirconia type oxygen sensor, and the data is transmitted to the remote workstation and the air quantity supplying and regulating intelligent controller; finally, the air supply regulation intelligent controller regulates the added air according to an internal air supply regulation control system program so as to ensure that the interior of the hearth stably burns under the condition of the optimal excess air coefficient.
The technical scheme of the utility model following advantage and beneficial effect have at least:
firstly, the utility model discloses use PLC control system can realize the full automatization of crude oil heating process.
Two, the utility model discloses combine feedforward regulation and feedback regulation, when crude oil parameter disturbance appears, realized that crude oil actually goes out liquid temperature control's low delay, low energy consumption, low pollution and high accuracy.
Thirdly, the control system of the crude oil heating furnace designed by the utility model can realize low delay, low energy consumption, low pollution and high accuracy of crude oil outlet temperature control; the control system is divided into a gas regulation control system and an air supply quantity regulation control system, wherein a crude oil disturbance judgment module is set in the gas regulation control system to judge whether the current disturbance exceeds a threshold value.
Fourthly, the utility model discloses a heat transfer calculation model in the stove confirms theoretical water jacket temperature and gas regulative mode, changes the water jacket temperature fast, shortens response time, realizes crude oil play liquid temperature control's low delay requirement.
Fifthly, the utility model discloses a temperature measuring device obtains the difference of the actual liquid temperature of crude oil and target liquid temperature that goes out, and as the input in negative feedback regulation PID return circuit, the parameter of setting changes the water jacket temperature, and the actual crude oil of accurate control goes out liquid temperature, realizes the high accurate and low energy consumption requirement of crude oil heating.
And sixthly, acquiring the gas flow in real time, and determining the primary air supply rate of the hearth through an air amount calculation model. And a zirconia type oxygen sensor is additionally arranged to obtain the oxygen content in the flue gas, then an actual excess air coefficient in a hearth is obtained according to an excess air coefficient calculation model, the difference value between the actual excess air coefficient and a target excess air coefficient is used as the input of a negative feedback loop in excess air coefficient control, and the air supply quantity is adjusted to ensure that the excess air coefficient is optimal and constant.
And seventhly, the air supply regulation control system and the fuel gas regulation control system in the control system act together, the fuel gas regulation control system determines a fuel gas regulation mode according to the variation range of fuel gas quantity which can be borne by the heating furnace, and provides required air quantity for the air supply regulation control system according to input fuel gas flow, so that the temperature control of crude oil effluent is finally realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed to be used in the embodiments are briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention, and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained from these drawings by those skilled in the art without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the gas flow regulation of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a heating furnace controlled by the system according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a control flow chart of the system according to the present invention;
the utility model discloses necessary symbolic illustration: 1-outlet temperature sensor 2-inlet temperature sensor 3-inlet flow sensor 4-disturbance prejudgement controller 5-gas regulation intelligent controller 6-air quantity supply regulation intelligent controller 7-burner 8-smoke tube 9-zirconia type oxygen sensor 10-oil feeding coil pipe 11-water jacket temperature sensor 12-air release valve 13-water feeding valve 14-safety valve 15-water jacket pressure sensor 16-liquid level sensor 17-gas pipeline pressure sensor 18-gas pipeline temperature sensor 19-blow-down valve;
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
In order to make the technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of some embodiments of the invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", "back" and the like indicate the position or positional relationship based on the position or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the position or positional relationship that the product of the present invention is usually placed when used. Such terms are merely for convenience in describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be taken as limiting the invention.
It is further noted that, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the embodiment of the utility model provides a novel full-automatic heating control system, the feedforward through the gas flow is prejudged the regulation and is combined with the feedback regulation, makes it realize that crude oil goes out the low delay of liquid temperature control, low energy consumption, low pollution and high accuracy requirement to and the effective control of excess air factor.
A control system of a crude oil heating furnace adopts a heating mode of the heating furnace of the control system to indirectly heat crude oil by a cylindrical water jacket, and adopts a control mode of a PLC automatic control system and a remote workstation which can be connected with the PLC automatic control system, thereby realizing automation and remote transmission control of the crude oil heating process. The control system comprises a fuel gas regulation control system and an air supply quantity regulation control system.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the gas regulation control system comprises a crude oil disturbance judgment module, a feedforward regulation module and a feedback regulation module.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the control system performs the following 3 processes on the heating furnace:
(1) in the gas regulation control system, a crude oil disturbance judgment module and a feedforward regulation module are arranged to judge whether the current disturbance exceeds a threshold value; when the pressure exceeds the preset value, the system performs feedforward regulation; determining the theoretical water jacket temperature according to a heat transfer calculation model in the furnace, determining a gas regulating mode by combining the change range of the gas quantity which can be borne by the heating furnace, and changing the water jacket temperature; by the disturbance judgment and the feedforward regulation, the response time to the disturbance can be shortened, and the low delay requirement of the crude oil effluent temperature control is realized;
(2) in the gas regulation control system, a feedback regulation module is arranged; the difference value between the actual liquid outlet temperature of the crude oil and the target liquid outlet temperature is obtained through a temperature measuring device behind the furnace and is used as the input of a negative feedback regulation PID loop, a setting parameter is further regulated, the gas flow is further regulated, the actual liquid outlet temperature of the crude oil is accurately controlled, and the requirements of high accuracy and low energy consumption for heating the crude oil are met;
(3) in the air supply quantity regulation control system, determining a primary air supply quantity by using an air quantity calculation model according to the gas flow; and then according to the excess air coefficient calculation model, obtaining an actual excess air coefficient by utilizing the oxygen content in the flue gas, and taking the difference value between the actual excess air coefficient and the target excess air coefficient as the input of negative feedback in the control loop, so that the optimum and constant excess air coefficient in the furnace is ensured, and the requirements of low pollution and low energy consumption of crude oil heating are met.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the crude oil disturbance judgment module calculates the crude oil outlet temperature by using an energy conservation formula according to the initial temperature and flow of the inlet crude oil and by combining the gas flow when the disturbance occurs, and when the difference between the temperature and the target temperature is greater than a threshold value, the control system is activated, otherwise, the control system is deactivated;
as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the heat transfer calculation model in the furnace is a heat balance for forced convection heat transfer in the pipe established according to the basic physical parameters of the crude oil and the heating water jacket, and further determining the theoretical water jacket temperature value;
as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the parameter of the incoming crude oil is disturbed, the processing of the aspect (1) comprises the following 4 processes
S1, judging whether the current disturbance exceeds a threshold value through a crude oil disturbance judging module;
s2, determining the theoretical water jacket temperature t according to the heat transfer calculation model in the furnacest2；
S3, calculating the heat quantity absorbed or released when the water jacket changes from the initial temperature to the theoretical water jacket temperature;
s4, determining a gas release mode by utilizing an integral principle and combining a gas quantity change range which can be borne by the heating furnace;
as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S3, the amount of heat to be added or released is determined according to two operating conditions:
under the first working condition, the water jacket needs to absorb heat after disturbance, namely tst2＞tst1
According to the energy conservation principle, the heat Q required by the theoretical water jacket temperature change before and after the disturbance occurs can be calculatedrl1：
Qrl1＝CP,s·Vs·ρs·(tst2-tst1) (1)
In the formula CP，sIs the specific heat capacity at constant pressure, ρ, of watersIs the density of water. Let tst1Is the theoretical water jacket temperature before disturbance, tst2Is the theoretical water jacket temperature calculated after the disturbance occurs, and A is the heat exchange area of the water jacket and the crude oil. q. q.sm，y2Is the mass flow of the flowing crude oil t 'after the disturbance occurs'y0Is the set value of the temperature of the crude oil outlet liquid, tyo2Is the actual liquid outlet temperature t of the crude oil after the disturbanceyi2Is the temperature of the flowing crude oil after the disturbance occurs. RhoyIs the density, C, of the crude oil at a qualitative temperatureP，yIs the specific heat capacity at constant pressure of the crude oil at a qualitative temperature. Considering the heat loss transferred to the crude oil in the temperature change process of the water jacket, taking the arithmetic average temperature in the temperature change process of the water jacket as the outer side average water jacket temperature,
using the heat transfer equation:
because the temperature before and after the water jacket changes and the temperature difference between the crude oil outlet and the crude oil inlet are not very large, the logarithm average temperature difference can be replaced by the arithmetic average temperature difference:
substituting the inlet temperature and the heat exchange coefficient of the crude oil, and calculating the average crude oil outlet temperature at the moment:
tpj＝(0.5(tst1+tst2+tyi2)+(qm,y2·CP,y·tyi2)/(hhr·A))/((qm,y2·CP,y)/(hhr·A)+0.5) (4)
calculating heat quantity Q transferred from water jacket to crude oilrl2
Qrl2＝qm,y2(tpj-tyi2)CP,y·t (5)
Where t is the adjustment time of the system.
Actual heat required by water jacket heating
Qrl＝Qrl1+Qrl2 (6)
Working condition two, the heat in the water jacket needs to be released after disturbance, i.e. tst2＜tst1
The water jacket actual temperature of heating furnace this moment is higher than the water jacket ideal temperature that corresponds after the disturbance, thereby consequently need make gas flow reach minimum realization water jacket release heat, considers that the heating furnace operation in-process can not shut down, the utility model discloses in set for the operating mode operation of heating furnace with release minimum gas flow.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S4, the gas release mode is determined according to two kinds of working conditions as well:
under the first working condition, the water jacket needs to absorb heat after disturbance, namely tst2＞tst1
The schematic diagram of the flow regulation mode, namely the schematic diagram of the gas flow regulation, comprehensively considering the rapidity of gas release and the gas load limit of the heating furnace is shown in fig. 1:
as shown in the schematic diagram 1, the adjusting process is divided into three parts, the total amount of the released fuel gas in the temperature changing time of the water jacket is V, and the total amount of the released fuel gas is VCH4In an amount of
And is
Wherein the time tau of the maximum gas flow is continuously released in the gas regulation process2The gas quantity variation range that can bear with the heating furnace is related to, can obtain by the integral principle:
q1is the gas flow before disturbance, qm，y1The mass flow of the crude oil flowing before the disturbance occurs, and the heat release of the gas and the heat required by the crude oil temperature rise reach balance
q1＝qm,y1·CP,y·(tyo'-tyi1)/(Qrzh·η) (9)
q2The maximum gas flow rate in the adjusting process is equal to the maximum load which can be borne by the heating furnace (namely the gas flow rate of a big fire gear in the traditional big-fire and small-fire double-gear adjustment).
q3Is the gas flow required for the new equilibrium established by the heat transfer process after the disturbance
q3＝qm,y2·CP,y·(tyo'-tyi2)/(Qrzh·η) (10)
τ1Is the time of the change of the first partial gas flow, tau2Is the time of the second part which continues to emit the maximum gas flow, tau3Is the time of the third part of the gas flow change. Wherein tau is1、τ3Is related to the maximum rate in the gas regulation process and is a fixed value.
Wherein QrlIs the actual total temperature required for changing the water jacket from the initial temperature to the theoretical water jacket temperatureHeat. QrzhIs CH4The actual heat value per unit volume in the gas pipeline, eta is the operating efficiency of the heating furnace, PgnIs the gas pressure in the gas pipe, TgnIs the gas temperature in the gas pipe, Q'rzhIs CH in Standard State4Heat value of (T)0Is the temperature in the standard state, taking 296.13K, P0The pressure in the standard state was 101.325 kPa.
From q can be calculated by the above equation1Change to q2Slope k of1And the gas flow rate is from q2Change to q3Slope k of2And time τ of continuous maximum gas flow2And further determining the gas regulation mode.
Working condition two, the heat in the water jacket needs to be released after disturbance, i.e. tst2＜tst1
At the moment, the heating furnace operates under the working condition of releasing the minimum gas flow, namely the gas flow released by the heating furnace is equal to the gas flow of a small fire gear in the traditional large and small fire double-gear adjustment; when the water jacket temperature is reduced to the theoretical water jacket temperature corresponding to the changed crude oil flow, the gas flow is changed to the flow calculated by the equation (10).
Further, the processing of the (2) aspect utilizes the difference value delta t between the actual effluent temperature and the target effluent temperature of the crude oilyo2As the input of a negative feedback regulation PID loop of the feedback regulation module, the PID parameter is set to obtain a feedback flow correction value delta qfuel。
The feedback PID loop control adopts a discrete PID method for control, and the tau moment feeds back the corrected value delta q of the gas flowfuel(τ) is
τIndicating two times of gas flowSet time interval, KP、KI、KDDiscrete system PID parameters, Δ q, respectively representing gas flow feedback controlfuel(τ) means feedback gas flow correction value at time τ, Δ tyo2(tau) represents the difference between the actual liquid outlet temperature of the crude oil at the tau moment after the disturbance and the target liquid outlet temperature, delta tyo2And (k tau) represents the difference between the actual liquid outlet temperature of the crude oil at the kth moment tau after the disturbance and the target liquid outlet temperature, wherein tau is k tau.
Further, in the excess air ratio control loop of the aspect (3), the amount of oxygen contained in the flue gas is controlled according to the amount of oxygen contained in the flue gas
By using CH in gas4The content and combustion equation of (a), in combination with atomic conservation, and the actual excess air coefficient calculated thereby
The difference value delta alpha between the actual excess air coefficient and the target excess air coefficient is used as the input of a negative feedback regulation PID loop, a PID parameter is set, and a feedback air quantity correction value delta q is obtainedair。
The embodiment also relates to a crude oil heating furnace which is controlled by the system, as shown in figure 2, the heating furnace is a water jacket heating furnace, the shell consists of a rolled cylinder body and two side end enclosures, the whole body is divided into an inner layer and an outer layer, the inner layer is a heat insulation layer made of refractory ceramic fiber materials, the heat loss of the smoke tube 8 and the water jacket to the outside can be reduced, the outer layer is formed by welding rolled steel plates painted with colored paint and the end enclosures, and the system not only can support the structure of the furnace body, but also can slow down corrosion.
The middle part of the smoke tube 8 is a cylinder made of stainless steel coils, one side of the smoke tube is connected with a chimney through a tube bundle formed by assembling and welding a plurality of seamless tubes and a clamping tube plate, and the other side of the smoke tube is directly connected with the combustor 7;
the oil-feeding coil pipe 10 is a serpentine coil pipe formed by assembling and welding a seamless pipe and a clamping pipe plate and is positioned inside the water jacket.
The outer wall of the oil feeding coil pipe 10 is welded with straight fins, so that the heat exchange area between the pipe wall and water in the water jacket can be increased to strengthen heat exchange.
The zirconia type oxygen sensor 9 integrally adopts a detachable structure, four fixing bolts penetrating through the chimney wall are welded at the tail end of the zirconia type oxygen sensor, and the bolts extending out of the chimney outer wall are configured with hexagon nuts at the chimney outer wall, so that the zirconia type oxygen sensor not only has a fixing effect, but also is convenient to detach.
The chimney is provided with an access door above the sensor placement position, so that the sensor can be conveniently overhauled and replaced.
The liquid level sensor 16 is connected with the water adding valve 13, the whole structure is detachable, the water adding valve 13 comprises a floating ball placed on the water surface of the water jacket and a reed pipe vertically placed, the head of the liquid level sensor 16 is flat steel and is fixed on the upper surface of the shell of the water jacket heating furnace through the arrangement of bolts and nuts, and the flat steel of the head and the reed pipe at the lower part are formed by fixing and vertically welding.
The heating furnace also comprises other physical property parameter sensors, the physical property parameter sensors comprise a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor and the like, the whole heating furnace also adopts a detachable structure, the fixed end is connected with the heating furnace shell through the arrangement of bolts and nuts, and the testing end extends to the inside of an object to be measured.
The disturbance prejudgment controller 4, the gas regulation intelligent controller 5 and the air supply regulation intelligent controller 6 in the water jacket heating furnace all use 80C51 series single-chip microcomputers, and the three can be dispersedly placed at each part of the heating furnace, and also can be integrated on a PC, as the utility model discloses a preferred embodiment, so adopt the dispersion arrangement in order to show the function of three kinds of controllers more vividly.
The input of disturbance prejudgement controller 4 links to each other with import temperature sensor 2, import flow sensor 3, and the output links to each other with controlgear and remote work station such as gas control valve, air door control valve, disturbance prejudgement controller 4 comprises internal memory, CPU, IO interface, has inlayed in the internal memory the utility model discloses in the procedure of the crude oil disturbance judgement module algorithm that provides, input interface circuit receives crude oil import temperature signal and import flow signal, output interface circuit conveys CPU operation result to the controlgear and the remote work station of this water jacket formula heating furnace.
The input end of the gas regulating intelligent controller 5 is connected with the water jacket temperature sensor 11, the gas pipeline pressure sensor 17 and the gas pipeline temperature sensor 18, and the output end is connected with the gas control valve, the remote workstation and the air quantity supply regulating intelligent controller 6. The program of the gas regulation control system algorithm provided in the utility model is embedded in the internal memory of the gas regulation intelligent controller 5, and the input interface circuit receives the water jacket temperature signal, the gas pipeline pressure signal and the gas pipeline temperature signal; the CPU calls the program command to operate, and the output interface circuit transmits the CPU operation result to the gas control valve, the remote workstation and the air quantity supply regulating intelligent controller 6.
The input end of the air quantity supply regulating intelligent controller 6 is connected with the gas regulating intelligent controller 5 and the zirconia type oxygen sensor 9, and the output end is connected with the air door control valve and the remote workstation. It has inlayed in the internal storage the utility model discloses in the program of providing air regulation control system algorithm, input interface circuit receives gas flow signal and flue gas oxygen content signal, and CPU calls program instruction and operates, and output interface circuit conveys CPU operation result to air door control valve and remote workstation.
The air release valve 12 can quickly exhaust the air in the smoke tube 8, and is used for emergency treatment when an accident occurs, so that the accident is prevented from being expanded. The safety valve 14 is connected with a water jacket pressure sensor 15 and used for protecting the air pressure in the water jacket within a safety range, and when the pressure in the water jacket is over-pressurized, the valve is opened to release the pressure. The water jacket pressure sensor 15 is combined with the safety valve 1 to measure the pressure in the water jacket. The blow-down valve 19 is used for blow-down treatment of the heating furnace, including the discharge of wastewater and dirty oil in the heating furnace.
Finally, for better explanation the embodiment of the present invention is right for the present invention further elaboration:
furthermore, the disturbance pre-judging controller 4 is internally embedded with a program of a crude oil disturbance judging module algorithm provided by the utility model, and the fuel gas regulating intelligent controller 5 is embedded with a program of a fuel gas regulating and controlling system algorithm provided by the utility model; the air quantity supply and regulation intelligent controller 6 is embedded with a program for the algorithm of the air quantity regulation and control system provided by the utility model;
after the crude oil enters the heating furnace, the gas regulating intelligent controller 5 releases gas, the gas is mixed with air supplied by the air quantity supply regulating intelligent controller 6, the mixture is ignited by the combustor 7 and then enters the hearth for combustion, the generated flue gas heats water in the water jacket through the smoke pipe 8, and then heat is transferred to the crude oil in the oil coil pipe 10, so that the crude oil is heated.
Further, the gas flow regulating module comprises an outlet temperature sensor 1, an inlet temperature sensor 2, an inlet flow sensor 3, a disturbance pre-judging controller 4, a gas regulating intelligent controller 5, a gas pipeline temperature sensor 18 and a water jacket temperature sensor 11.
The following is the control mode of the actual outlet liquid temperature of crude oil of one embodiment of the utility model:
when crude oil enters a heating furnace for heating, firstly, an inlet temperature sensor 2 and an inlet flow sensor measure 3 the inlet temperature and the inlet flow of the crude oil, and upload data to a remote workstation and a disturbance pre-judgment controller 4 embedded in a crude oil disturbance judgment module algorithm, and the disturbance pre-judgment controller 4 judges whether a regulating system needs to be started when the crude oil is disturbed;
when the calculation result of the crude oil fluctuation is larger than a certain limit and the regulating system needs to be started, firstly, the gas flow is feedforward regulated: the actual temperature in the water jacket at this time is measured by the water jacket temperature sensor 11;
the temperature and the pressure in the gas pipeline are measured by a gas pipeline pressure sensor 17 and a gas pipeline temperature sensor 18, and signals are transmitted to a remote workstation and a gas regulation intelligent controller 5;
the gas regulating mode is determined by the gas regulating intelligent controller 5 according to an internally designed gas feedforward regulating program, so that the temperature of the water jacket is quickly regulated to the corresponding temperature.
Further, gas flow feedback regulation is carried out: the outlet temperature of the heated crude oil is measured by the outlet temperature sensor 1 and uploaded to the remote workstation and the intelligent gas regulating controller 5, and the PID automatic control program in the intelligent gas regulating controller 5 finely regulates the gas flow so as to ensure that the regulating precision of the oil outlet temperature meets the requirements.
The water jacket further comprises a water adding valve 13 and a liquid level sensor 16, after water in the water jacket is heated, the evaporation capacity is increased, and water amount needs to be supplemented in time, when the liquid level sensor detects that the water level in the water jacket is lower than a certain limit value, water can be injected into the water jacket through the water adding valve 13, when the liquid level sensor detects that the water level in the water jacket reaches a set value, the water adding valve is closed, and the water level in the water jacket is kept in a constant range all the time.
Further, air supply quantity regulation is carried out: the air supply quantity regulation control system consists of an intelligent air supply regulation controller 6 and a zirconia type oxygen sensor 9. During the working process, the gas regulating intelligent controller 5 stores the gas flow in the regulating process in real time and transmits the gas flow to the remote workstation and the air quantity supplying intelligent controller 6, firstly, the air quantity required by combustion is supplied preliminarily according to the gas flow, then, the oxygen content in the flue gas is measured by the zirconia type oxygen sensor 9, and the data is transmitted to the remote workstation and the air quantity supplying intelligent controller 6; finally, the air supply regulation intelligent controller 6 regulates the added air according to an internal air supply regulation control system program so as to ensure that the interior of the hearth stably burns under the condition of the optimal excess air coefficient.
The above embodiments are only for illustration and not for limiting the technical solution of the present invention, and any modifications or partial replacements without departing from the spirit of the present invention should be covered in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A crude oil heating furnace is characterized in that: the heating furnace is a water jacket heating furnace, the shell consists of a rolled cylinder body and two side end enclosures, the shell is integrally divided into an inner layer and an outer layer, the inner layer is a heat insulation layer made of refractory ceramic fiber materials, and the outer layer is formed by welding rolled steel plates painted with color paint and the end enclosures;
the middle part of the smoke tube (8) is a cylinder made of stainless steel, one side of the smoke tube is connected with a chimney through a tube bundle formed by assembling and welding a plurality of seamless tubes and a clamping tube plate, and the other side of the smoke tube is directly connected with the combustor (7);
the oil feeding coil (10) is a snakelike coil formed by welding a seamless pipe and a clamping pipe plate and is positioned in the water jacket;
the outer wall of the oil feeding coil pipe (10) is welded with straight fins, so that the heat exchange area between the pipe wall and water in the water jacket can be increased to strengthen heat exchange.
2. The crude oil heating furnace according to claim 1, wherein: the heating furnace also comprises a zirconia type oxygen sensor (9), the zirconia type oxygen sensor (9) integrally adopts a detachable structure, four fixing bolts penetrating through the wall of the chimney are welded at the tail end, the bolts extending out of the outer wall of the chimney are configured with hexagon nuts at the outer wall of the chimney, and the chimney is provided with an access door above the sensor placement position.
3. The crude oil heating furnace according to claim 2, wherein: the heating furnace also comprises a liquid level sensor (16) and a water adding valve (13), the liquid level sensor (16) is connected with the water adding valve (13), the whole heating furnace adopts a detachable structure, the water adding valve (13) comprises a floating ball placed on the water surface of the water jacket and a reed pipe vertically placed, the head of the liquid level sensor (16) is flat steel and is fixed on the upper surface of the shell of the water jacket heating furnace through the configuration of a bolt and a nut, and the flat steel of the head and the reed pipe at the lower part are formed by fixing vertical gas welding.
4. The crude oil heating furnace according to claim 3, wherein: the heating furnace also comprises other physical property parameter sensors, the physical property parameter sensors comprise pressure sensors and temperature sensors, the whole heating furnace also adopts a detachable structure, the fixed end is connected with the heating furnace shell through the arrangement of bolts and nuts, and the testing end extends to the inside of an object to be tested.
5. The crude oil heating furnace according to claim 4, wherein: the disturbance prejudgment controller (4), the gas regulation intelligent controller (5) and the air quantity supply regulation intelligent controller (6) all use 80C51 series single-chip microcomputers, and the three are dispersedly placed at each part of the heating furnace.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201920291059 | 2019-03-07 | ||
| CN2019202910599 | 2019-03-07 |
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| CN212156662U true CN212156662U (en) | 2020-12-15 |
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| CN202020200208.9U Expired - Fee Related CN212156662U (en) | 2019-03-07 | 2020-02-22 | Crude oil heating furnace |
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| CN (1) | CN212156662U (en) |
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