CN212046153U - Nailing machine with intermittent wire supply - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of the technique of packing carton processing equipment and specifically relates to a nailing machine of intermittent type confession line is related to, which comprises a frame, be equipped with in the frame and order the line wheel group and send the line wheelset, still include a first wire section of thick bamboo and a second wire section of thick bamboo, a first wire section of thick bamboo is located and orders the line wheel and send between the line wheelset, a second wire section of thick bamboo is located a first wire section of thick bamboo and send between the line wheelset, the axis of a second wire section of thick bamboo and the axis coplane of a first wire section of thick bamboo, the axis of a second wire section of thick bamboo does not coincide with the axis of a first wire section of thick bamboo, the frame is erect the unwrapping wire wheelset, the unwrapping wire motor, photoelectric switch, unwrapping wire wheelset is located and orders between line wheel and a first wire section of thick bamboo, photoelectric switch is located between a first wire. The utility model discloses have and can release steadily and order the line on the line wheel, carry the speed looks adaptation of ordering the line with the line wheelset of sending, avoid ordering the line and appear the effect of skidding in line wheelset department of sending.

Description

Nailing machine with intermittent wire supply

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of the technique of packing carton processing equipment and specifically relates to a nailer of intermittent type supply line is related to.

Background

The nailing machine is one of the subsequent processing devices of the carton, has the same principle as the ordinary stapler, and is different from the ordinary stapler in that the nailing machine uses tiger teeth as a backing plate and is specially used for carton sealing. The nailing machine has the advantages of lightness, simple and convenient operation, good wear resistance, flat box sealing, safety, firmness, capability of reducing the labor intensity, improving the working efficiency and the like, and is widely applied to the processing of cartons.

Chinese patent No. CN104742412B discloses a carton stapler for stapling corrugated cardboard, which comprises a base, a driving device mounted on the base, a thread feeding device, a bottom die and a staple head device; the driving device comprises an eccentric main shaft arranged on a driving motor, and a driving gear for driving the wire feeding device is arranged on the eccentric main shaft; the wire feeding device comprises a wire binding wheel wound with binding wires, a wire feeding mechanism and a wire guide groove. The wire feeding mechanism comprises a group of wire feeding wheel sets arranged in parallel on a wire feeding support, gears meshed with each other are respectively arranged at one ends of the wire feeding wheel sets, and a wire feeding driving gear on the main shaft drives the wire feeding wheel sets to rotate through meshing with the gears on the wire feeding mechanism.

The binding thread passes through the gap between the thread feeding wheel sets, and the rotation of the thread feeding wheel sets drives the binding thread to move so as to realize the thread feeding. In order to adjust the tension pressure of the binding thread during the thread feeding, a group of pressure adjusting wheels are arranged on the thread feeding path between the thread passing wheel and the thread feeding wheel group, the pressure adjusting wheels abut against the binding thread, and the tension of the binding thread is adjusted by adjusting the positions of the pressure adjusting wheels. The pressure regulating wheel can realize the position regulation of the pressure regulating wheel by installing a bolt and a nut on one side of the pressure regulating wheel, and the position of the pressure regulating wheel can also be regulated by combining a bolt and a pressure spring.

In the process of conveying the binding thread, the control of the tension on the binding thread directly influences the thread feeding precision: if the tension on the binding thread is too large and exceeds the maximum static friction force between the thread feeding wheel set and the binding thread, the binding thread can slip, so that the actually conveyed binding length is less than the required binding length, and the formed nail cannot be bent, and the carton can not be firmly packaged.

In the above-described box press for binding corrugated cardboard, the linear speed at which the binding wheel releases, coils, and binds the thread is determined by the rotational speed of the binding wheel and the winding radius of the binding wheel. The winding radius of the binding thread is reduced in stages, and the reducing speed is increased continuously, so the linear speed of releasing the binding thread from the binding wheel is difficult to control accurately, the speed of conveying the binding thread by the thread conveying wheel set is constant, and an error exists between the speed of conveying the binding thread and the speed of releasing the binding thread. Although the pressure regulating wheel can be arranged to eliminate the error to a certain extent so as to adjust the tension on the binding thread, the maximum adjusting range of the pressure regulating wheel can be exceeded after a period of time as the error is gradually accumulated. Finally, the pressure regulating wheel is disabled, and at the moment, if the linear speed of the thread binding wheel for releasing, coiling and binding the thread is lower than the speed of the thread feeding wheel set for conveying the thread binding, the thread binding can be further caused to slip, and the nail box fails.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims at providing a nailing machine of intermittent type confession line, it has can release steadily and order the line on the line wheel, carries the speed looks adaptation of ordering the line with the line wheelset of sending, avoids ordering the line and send the effect of the condition that line wheelset department appears skidding.

The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:

a nailing machine for intermittent wire supply comprises a frame, a wire stapling wheel and a wire feeding wheel set arranged on the frame, a first wire guide cylinder and a second wire guide cylinder arranged on the frame, a wire stapling arranged in the first wire guide cylinder and the second wire guide cylinder, the first wire guide cylinder is positioned between the wire stapling wheel and the wire feeding wheel set, the second wire guide cylinder is positioned between the first wire guide cylinder and the wire feeding wheel set, the axis of the second wire guide cylinder is coplanar with the axis of the first wire guide cylinder, the axis of the second wire guide cylinder is not superposed with the axis of the first wire guide cylinder, the machine frame is provided with a pay-off wheel set, a pay-off motor for driving the pay-off wheel set and a photoelectric switch for controlling the pay-off motor, the pay-off wheel set is located between the wire binding wheel and the first wire guide cylinder, the photoelectric switch is located between the first wire guide cylinder and the second wire guide cylinder, the photoelectric switch is electrically connected with the pay-off motor, and a probe of the photoelectric switch points to the wire binding.

By adopting the technical scheme, the axis of the first wire guide cylinder is coplanar with but not coincident with the axis of the second wire guide cylinder, so that the staple between the first wire guide cylinder and the second wire guide cylinder can be bent, and the bending amplitude of the staple is directly related to the length of the staple; when the wire feeding wheel set conveys the wire binding, the wire binding between the first wire guide cylinder and the second wire guide cylinder is shortened, the bending amplitude of the wire binding is further reduced, and finally the wire binding is close to or far away from a probe of the photoelectric switch; the paying-off motor intermittently unreels the binding wire from the binding wire wheel, does not need to preset a complex control program, does not need to consider the slipping condition between the paying-off wheel set and the binding wire, can stably release the binding wire on the binding wire wheel, is matched with the speed of conveying the binding wire by the wire conveying wheel set, and avoids the slipping condition of the binding wire at the wire conveying wheel set.

The present invention may be further configured in a preferred embodiment as: the second wire guide cylinder is internally provided with a spiral spring in a penetrating way, the stitching wire is arranged in the spiral spring in a penetrating way, and the photoelectric switch is arranged at the spiral spring.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, book the line and pass from coil spring, when the bending amplitude who books the line shrinks, also can drive coil spring bending deformation, stores more elastic potential energy, treats that the unwrapping wire motor supplyes sufficient book line between first wire barrel and the second wire barrel after, and book the line and can resume the original state sooner, and then make photoelectric switch can control unwrapping wire motor stall more in time.

The present invention may be further configured in a preferred embodiment as: the coil spring is in sliding fit with the second wire guide cylinder, a limiting bolt penetrates through the side wall of the second wire guide cylinder, and the end part of the limiting bolt abuts against the coil spring.

By adopting the technical scheme, under the condition that no spiral spring is arranged, the part of the binding thread which is separated from the second wire guide cylinder starts to be bent and deformed, but after the spiral spring is arranged, the whole bending amplitude of the binding thread between the first wire guide cylinder and the second wire guide cylinder is influenced because the spiral spring is a straight spring, the binding thread is limited by the spiral spring and can be kept in an approximately straight state in a certain distance, and on the other hand, the whole bending amplitude of the binding thread between the first wire guide cylinder and the second wire guide cylinder is larger, the pressure between the binding thread and the first wire guide cylinder and the second wire guide cylinder is larger, the friction force received when the binding thread moves is larger, and the tension on the binding thread is finally influenced, so the spiral spring is slid, the length of the binding thread which is extended out from the second wire guide cylinder is changed, and the tension on the binding thread can be adjusted.

The present invention may be further configured in a preferred embodiment as: the rotating frame is provided with a rotating arm, the frame is also provided with an adjusting mechanism for adjusting the angle of the rotating arm, and the rotating axis of the rotating arm is perpendicular to the axis of the first guide wire cylinder and the axis of the second guide wire cylinder.

By adopting the technical scheme, the adjusting mechanism adjusts the angle of the spiral arm, so that the orientation of the first wire guide cylinder is changed, the integral bending amplitude of the staple between the first wire guide cylinder and the second wire guide cylinder can be changed, and finally the tension on the staple is adjusted.

The present invention may be further configured in a preferred embodiment as: the adjusting mechanism comprises an adjusting disc arranged on the rack, a plurality of positioning holes are formed in the adjusting disc, the axes of the positioning holes are parallel to the rotating axis of the spiral arm, the positioning holes are distributed around the rotating axis of the spiral arm, a limiting hole is formed in the spiral arm, and positioning pins penetrate through the limiting hole and the positioning holes.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, rotate the spiral arm, make spacing hole on the spiral arm align with the locating hole of difference on the adjusting disk, then penetrate the locating pin and fix the spiral arm in this department, can accomplish the regulation to the spiral arm angle.

The present invention may be further configured in a preferred embodiment as: the adjusting plate is made of ferromagnetic materials, and a magnet is embedded in one end, facing the adjusting plate, of the positioning pin.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the locating pin adsorbs on the adjustment disk with the help of magnet, with the locating hole stable fit, is difficult for breaking away from the adjustment disk by oneself, can pin the spiral arm better.

The present invention may be further configured in a preferred embodiment as: the adjustable rotary table is characterized in that a guide groove is formed in the adjusting disc and is arc-shaped, the circle center of the guide groove coincides with the rotating axis of the rotary arm, a guide rod is arranged on the rotary arm, and the guide rod is arranged in the guide groove in a sliding mode.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when the spiral arm rotated for the adjustment disk, the guide bar also slided in the guide way, supported and spacing the spiral arm, made the spiral arm erect in the frame more steadily.

The present invention may be further configured in a preferred embodiment as: the adjusting mechanism comprises an adjusting cylinder, the axis of the adjusting cylinder is perpendicular to the rotating axis of the spiral arm, the cylinder body of the adjusting cylinder is hinged with the rack, and the piston rod of the adjusting cylinder is hinged with the spiral arm.

By adopting the technical scheme, the axis of the adjusting cylinder is vertical to the rotating axis of the spiral arm, when the piston rod of the adjusting cylinder stretches, the spiral arm can be directly pushed to rotate on the rack, and when the adjusting cylinder stops operating, the spiral arm is also fixed at the position.

To sum up, the utility model discloses a following at least one useful technological effect:

1. the wire binding device can stably release the wire binding on the wire binding wheel, is matched with the speed of the wire binding conveyed by the wire feeding wheel set, and avoids the condition that the wire binding slips at the wire feeding wheel set;

2. through the arrangement of the spiral spring, more elastic potential energy can be stored when the bending amplitude of the staple line is reduced, so that the staple line can be restored to the original state more quickly after being supplemented, and the delay of the photoelectric switch for controlling the pay-off motor is reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of embodiment 1;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of a wire feeding device in embodiment 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the connection between the pay-off motor and the pay-off wheel set in embodiment 1;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of a second wire barrel in embodiment 1;

FIG. 5 is a sectional view of an adjusting mechanism in embodiment 1;

fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of an adjustment mechanism in embodiment 2.

In the figure, 1, a frame; 2. a work table; 3. a wire feeding device; 4. a nail head device; 5. binding a wire; 11. a swing arm; 12. an adjusting disk; 13. positioning holes; 14. a limiting hole; 15. positioning pins; 16. a magnet; 17. a guide groove; 18. a guide bar; 19. an adjusting cylinder; 31. a wire stitching wheel; 32. a wire feeding wheel set; 33. a first wire guide cylinder; 34. a second wire guide cylinder; 35. a pay-off wheel set; 36. paying off a motor; 37. a photoelectric switch; 38. a support; 351. a rotating shaft; 352. a paying-off wheel; 353. a gear; 341. a coil spring; 342. and a limiting bolt.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Example 1:

referring to fig. 1, for the utility model discloses a nailing machine of intermittent type supply line, including frame 1, the welding has workstation 2 in the middle part of frame 1, and workstation 2 top then is equipped with send line device 3 and pin fin device 4. The thread feeding device 3 comprises a thread stitching wheel 31 rotatably erected on the top surface of the frame 1 and a thread feeding wheel group 32 arranged on one side of the nail head device 4.

Referring to fig. 2 and 3, a thread releasing wheel set 35, a first thread guiding drum 33, a photoelectric switch 37 and a second thread guiding drum 34 are arranged between the thread binding wheel 31 and the thread feeding wheel set 32, and the thread binding wheel 31, the thread releasing wheel set 35, the first thread guiding drum 33, the photoelectric switch 37, the second thread guiding drum 34 and the thread feeding wheel set 32 are sequentially arranged along the conveying path of the thread binding 5.

Referring to fig. 2 and 3, a bracket 38 is bolted to the top surface of the frame 1, two rotating shafts 351 are arranged on the bracket 38, and a pay-off motor 36 is arranged on the bracket 38. Two paying-off wheels 352 and gears 353 are sleeved on the two rotating shafts 351, the two paying-off wheels 352 are clamped at two sides of the binding line 5, and the two gears 353 are meshed with each other. One of the rotating shafts 351 is connected with the paying-off motor 36 through a speed reducer and is a driving shaft, the corresponding paying-off wheel 352 and the corresponding gear 353 are also driving wheels, the other rotating shaft 351 is a driven shaft, and the corresponding paying-off wheel 352 and the corresponding gear 353 are driven wheels. The rotating shaft 351, the paying-off wheel 352 and the gear 353 form a paying-off wheel set 35.

The paying-off motor 36 drives the driving shaft to rotate, the driven shaft is driven to rotate reversely through the gears 353 which are meshed with each other, the rotating directions of the paying-off wheels 352 which are positioned at the two sides of the binding thread 5 are opposite, and the binding thread 5 is pulled off from the binding wheel 31 by using friction force and is sent to the first thread guide drum 33.

Referring to fig. 3, the first wire guide drum 33 is bolted to the holder 38, and the staple 5 passes through the first wire guide drum 33.

Referring to fig. 2, a swing arm 11 is rotatably mounted on the top surface of the frame 1, and an adjusting mechanism is further provided for adjusting the angle of the swing arm 11. The rotation axis of the radial arm 11 is perpendicular to the axis of the first wire guide drum 33 (see fig. 3), and the photoelectric switch 37 and the second wire guide drum 34 are both provided on the radial arm 11.

Referring to fig. 2, the axis of the second wire guide cylinder 34 is coplanar with and does not coincide with the axis of the first wire guide cylinder 33 (see fig. 3), and the rotation axis center of the swing arm 11 is also perpendicular to the axis of the second wire guide cylinder 34. The staple 5 is arched upward between the first wire barrel 33 (see fig. 3) and the second wire barrel 34 in a curved state.

Referring to fig. 4, a coil spring 341 is slidably inserted into the second wire guiding cylinder 34, and the staple 5 is inserted into the coil spring 341. In addition, a limit bolt 342 is inserted through a side wall of the second wire guiding cylinder 34. After the limit bolt 342 is loosened, the coil spring 341 can slide in the second wire guide cylinder 34. The coil spring 341 can be fixed by tightening the limit bolt 342 to press the coil spring 341.

Referring to fig. 2, the photoelectric switch 37 is electrically connected to the pay-off motor 36, and a probe of the photoelectric switch 37 is directed to the coil spring 341 vertically. When the coil spring 341 is held flat, the probe of the photoelectric switch 37 is brought into close proximity to the surface of the coil spring 341.

When the staple 5 is fed to the nail head device 4 by the staple feeding wheel set 32, the length of the staple 5 between the first wire guide drum 33 and the second wire guide drum 34 is reduced, and the upward arching amplitude of the staple 5 is reduced. Under the drive of the binding 5, the coil spring 341 bends and deforms back to the photoelectric switch 37. At this time, the reflected light received by the photoelectric switch 37 is greatly reduced, and an electric signal is output to the controller of the pay-off motor 36, so that the pay-off motor 36 starts to operate. The thread releasing motor 36 drives the thread releasing wheel set 35 to tear the binding thread 5 off the binding wheel 31 and replenish the binding thread between the first thread guiding drum 33 and the second thread guiding drum 34. The staple 5 between the first and second wire drums 33 and 34 is gradually restored to its original length, the coil spring 341 is close to the photoelectric switch 37, and the photoelectric switch 37 outputs an electric signal to the controller of the pay-off motor 36 to stop the pay-off motor 36.

Referring to fig. 2 and 5, the adjusting mechanism includes a steel adjusting plate 12 welded on the top surface of the frame 1, the adjusting plate 12 is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the swing arm 11, and a guide groove 17 and a plurality of positioning holes 13 are formed thereon. Wherein, the guide slot 17 is arc-shaped, and the center of circle of the guide slot 17 coincides with the rotation axis of the spiral arm 11. The positioning holes 13 are counter bores and are uniformly arranged around the rotation axis of the radial arm 11, and the distances between each positioning hole 13 and the rotation axis of the radial arm 11 are equal.

Referring to fig. 5, a guide rod 18 is welded on one side of the radial arm 11 facing the adjusting disk 12, the guide rod 18 is perpendicular to the adjusting disk 12, and the guide rod 18 is inserted into the guide groove 17 and is in sliding fit with the guide groove 17.

Referring to fig. 5, the radial arm 11 is provided with a limiting hole 14, the limiting hole 14 is a through hole, and a distance between the limiting hole 14 and the rotation axis of the radial arm 11 is equal to a distance between the positioning hole 13 and the rotation axis of the radial arm 11. The limiting hole 14 is aligned with one of the positioning holes 13, and a positioning pin 15 penetrates through the limiting hole 14 and the positioning hole 13. In addition, the positioning pin 15 is embedded with a magnet 16 towards one end of the adjusting disc 12, and can be well adsorbed at the bottom of the positioning hole 13.

By withdrawing the positioning pin 15, the swing arm 11 is rotated, and the orientation of the second wire guiding cylinder 34 is adjusted. When the position-limiting hole 14 is aligned with another positioning hole 13, the positioning pin 15 is inserted again, and the radial arm 11 can be fixed. In the process, the guide bar 18 slides in the guide groove 17, supporting and guiding the radial arm 11.

The implementation principle of the embodiment is as follows:

when the staple 5 is fed by the yarn feeding roller set 32, the staple 5 positioned between the first yarn guide drum 33 and the second yarn guide drum 34 is shortened, the bending width of the staple 5 is reduced, and finally the coil spring 341 is separated from the probe of the photoelectric switch 37. The photoelectric switch 37 detects the change of the staple 5, transmits an electric signal to the paying-off motor 36, and the paying-off motor 36 supplements the staple 5 on the stapling wheel 31 between the first wire guide cylinder 33 and the second wire guide cylinder 34 until the staple 5 between the first wire guide cylinder 33 and the second wire guide cylinder 34 is restored. The above process is repeated, the staple 5 on the staple wheel 31 can be stably released, the speed of the staple 5 is matched with the speed of the staple 5 conveyed by the staple wheel set 32, and the condition that the staple 5 slips at the staple wheel set 32 is avoided.

Example 2:

the difference from embodiment 1 is that, referring to fig. 6, the adjustment mechanism employs an adjustment cylinder 19. The cylinder body of the adjusting cylinder 19 is hinged on the top surface of the frame 1, and the rotating axle center of the adjusting cylinder 19 relative to the frame 1 is parallel to the rotating axle center of the radial arm 11. The piston rod of the adjusting cylinder 19 is hinged on the radial arm 11, and the rotating axle center of the adjusting cylinder 19 relative to the radial arm 11 is parallel to the rotating axle center of the radial arm 11.

The implementation principle of the embodiment is as follows:

the piston rod of the adjusting cylinder 19 extends and contracts to directly push the radial arm 11 to rotate on the frame 1. The adjusting cylinder 19 is stopped and the radial arm 11 is fixed thereto.

The embodiment of this specific implementation mode is the preferred embodiment of the present invention, not limit according to this the utility model discloses a protection scope, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the utility model are covered within the protection scope of the utility model.

Claims (8)

1. The utility model provides a nailer of intermittent type confession line, includes frame (1), be equipped with on frame (1) and order line wheel group (31) and send line wheelset (32), its characterized in that: the wire binding machine further comprises a first wire guide cylinder (33) and a second wire guide cylinder (34) which are arranged on the rack (1), a wire binding (5) penetrates through the first wire guide cylinder (33) and the second wire guide cylinder (34), the first wire guide cylinder (33) is positioned between the wire binding wheel (31) and the wire feeding wheel set (32), the second wire guide cylinder (34) is positioned between the first wire guide cylinder (33) and the wire feeding wheel set (32), the axis of the second wire guide cylinder (34) is coplanar with the axis of the first wire guide cylinder (33), the axis of the second wire guide cylinder (34) is not superposed with the axis of the first wire guide cylinder (33), a wire releasing wheel set (35), a wire releasing motor (36) used for driving the wire releasing wheel set (35) and a photoelectric switch (37) used for controlling the wire releasing motor (36) are erected on the rack (1), and the wire releasing wheel set (35) is positioned between the wire binding wheel (31) and the first wire guide cylinder (33), the photoelectric switch (37) is positioned between the first wire guide cylinder (33) and the second wire guide cylinder (34), the photoelectric switch (37) is electrically connected with the wire releasing motor (36), and a probe of the photoelectric switch (37) points to the binding wire (5).

2. The nailing machine of an intermittent feed line according to claim 1, wherein: a spiral spring (341) is arranged in the second wire guide cylinder (34) in a penetrating way, a binding wire (5) is arranged in the spiral spring (341) in a penetrating way, and the photoelectric switch (37) is arranged at the spiral spring (341).

3. The nailing machine of an intermittent feed line according to claim 2, wherein: the coil spring (341) is in sliding fit with the second wire guide cylinder (34), a limiting bolt (342) penetrates through the side wall of the second wire guide cylinder (34), and the end part of the limiting bolt (342) is abutted against the coil spring (341).

4. The nailing machine of an intermittent feed line according to claim 2, wherein: the rotating frame is provided with a rotating arm (11) on the rack (1), an adjusting mechanism for adjusting the angle of the rotating arm (11) is further arranged on the rack (1), and the rotating axis of the rotating arm (11) is perpendicular to the axis of the first wire guide cylinder (33) and the axis of the second wire guide cylinder (34).

5. The nailing machine of an intermittent feed line according to claim 4, wherein: the adjusting mechanism comprises an adjusting disc (12) arranged on the rack (1), a plurality of positioning holes (13) are formed in the adjusting disc (12), the axes of the positioning holes (13) are parallel to the rotating axis of the spiral arm (11), the positioning holes (13) are distributed around the rotating axis of the spiral arm (11), a limiting hole (14) is formed in the spiral arm (11), and positioning pins (15) penetrate through the limiting hole (14) and the positioning holes (13).

6. An intermittent wire feeding nailing machine according to claim 5, wherein: the adjusting disc (12) is made of ferromagnetic materials, and a magnet (16) is embedded at one end, facing the adjusting disc (12), of the positioning pin (15).

7. An intermittent wire feeding nailing machine according to claim 5, wherein: the adjustable rotary table is characterized in that a guide groove (17) is formed in the adjusting disc (12), the guide groove (17) is arc-shaped, the circle center of the guide groove (17) coincides with the rotary axis of the spiral arm (11), a guide rod (18) is arranged on the spiral arm (11), and the guide rod (18) is arranged in the guide groove (17) in a sliding mode.

8. The nailing machine of an intermittent feed line according to claim 4, wherein: the adjusting mechanism comprises an adjusting cylinder (19), the axis of the adjusting cylinder (19) is perpendicular to the rotating axis of the spiral arm (11), the cylinder body of the adjusting cylinder (19) is hinged to the rack (1), and the piston rod of the adjusting cylinder (19) is hinged to the spiral arm (11).

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