CN211913346U - Low-temperature dry desulfurization-catalytic denitration integrated equipment - Google Patents
Low-temperature dry desulfurization-catalytic denitration integrated equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN211913346U CN211913346U CN202020172936.3U CN202020172936U CN211913346U CN 211913346 U CN211913346 U CN 211913346U CN 202020172936 U CN202020172936 U CN 202020172936U CN 211913346 U CN211913346 U CN 211913346U
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Abstract
The utility model belongs to the technical field of environmental engineering, especially, relate to a low temperature dry desulfurization-catalytic denitration integration equipment, the core component of low temperature dry desulfurization-catalytic denitration integration equipment is the reactor, and wherein doctor layer, shelves sheet layer and denitration layer series connection are arranged in the reactor, and equipment still includes induced air unit, ammonia injection grid, ammonia evaporator and aqueous ammonia storageAnd (7) storing the tank. The utility model provides an adopt ammonia desorption sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide simultaneously, can realize at the smart desulfurization of front end, avoid low concentration SO2The influence on the rear-end denitration catalyst, the integration of the desulfurization and denitration reaction in the same reactor, small floor area, simple process and low energy consumption, and is suitable for low-temperature dry desulfurization-catalytic denitration integrated equipment applied on a large scale.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of environmental engineering, especially, relate to a low temperature dry desulfurization-catalysis denitration integration equipment.
Background
The prior art and the defects are as follows:
sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide are main precursor substances for forming acid rain, haze and photochemical smog, which not only harm the environment and have great threat to human health, but also restrict the sustainable development of economy in China.
The commonly used desulfurization techniques mainly include wet desulfurization, dry desulfurization, semi-dry desulfurization and the like. The wet desulphurization technology has high removal efficiency, but has more investment, large occupied area and high operating cost, and generates waste liquid; the semi-dry desulfurization technology has small corrosivity and small occupied area, but the desulfurization efficiency is lower than that of wet desulfurization; the dry desulfurization by using limestone and other solid desulfurizing agents has the advantages of simple system and low investment, but the desulfurization efficiency is the lowest.
The traditional denitration technology applied to engineering generally adopts a selective non-catalytic reduction technology (SNCR), but with the strictness of the emission standard of nitrogen oxides, the denitration technology is more and more difficult to meet the requirements. The denitration conversion rate is high by adopting the low-temperature Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) technology, the emission requirement can be met, and even the SO with lower concentration is generated under the reaction condition of low temperature (80-150 ℃)2The influence on the denitration catalyst is also great. At present, the low-temperature denitration catalyst is usedWhen the agent is used, when the flue gas contains a little high concentration of sulfur dioxide, SO2After being oxidized, the ammonium sulfate salt is very easy to react with ammonia and water in flue gas to generate a viscous substance ammonium sulfate salt, and the viscous substance ammonium sulfate salt covers the surface of the catalyst at the temperature lower than 230 ℃ to cause the inactivation of the catalyst, so that the low-temperature denitration catalyst is not applied to the industry on a large scale.
The difficulty and significance for solving the technical problems are as follows:
therefore, based on the problems, the method adopts ammonia gas to simultaneously remove sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, realizes fine desulfurization at the front end of equipment, and avoids low-concentration SO2The influence on the rear-end denitration catalyst, the desulfurization and denitration reaction are integrated in the same reactor, the occupied area is small, the process is simple, the energy consumption is low, and the low-temperature dry desulfurization-catalytic denitration integrated equipment suitable for large-scale application has important practical significance.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to solve the technical problem existing in the prior art and provide an ammonia gas simultaneously removing sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, realize the fine desulfurization at the front end, avoid low concentration SO2The influence on the rear-end denitration catalyst, the integration of the desulfurization and denitration reaction in the same reactor, small floor area, simple process and low energy consumption, and is suitable for low-temperature dry desulfurization-catalytic denitration integrated equipment applied on a large scale.
The utility model discloses a solve the technical scheme that technical problem that exists among the well-known technique took and be:
the utility model provides a low temperature dry process desulfurization-catalysis denitration integration equipment which characterized in that: the core component of the low-temperature dry desulfurization-catalytic denitration integrated equipment is a reactor and is used for ammonia desulfurization and catalytic denitration under low-temperature reaction conditions. Wherein the desulfurization layer, the baffle layer and the denitration layer are arranged in the reactor in series, and a detachable heat preservation layer is arranged outside the reactor.
The utility model discloses can also adopt following technical scheme:
in the above low-temperature dry desulfurization-catalytic denitration integrated equipment, further, an induced air unit and an ammonia injection grid are arranged at the front end of the reactor, and the exhaust gas is uniformly mixed with the ammonia gas injected through the ammonia injection grid by the induced air unit and then enters the reactor. The front end of the ammonia spraying grid is provided with an ammonia water evaporator, and the front end of the ammonia water evaporator is provided with an ammonia water storage tank.
In the above low-temperature dry desulfurization-catalytic denitration integrated equipment, further, the desulfurization layer is filled with a desulfurization catalyst in the form of spherules, irregular particles or integral honeycombs, the spherules are alumina spherules, attapulgite spherules, diatomite spherules or molecular sieve spherules, the honeycombs are cordierite honeycomb ceramics, mullite honeycomb ceramics or honeycomb activated carbon, and the desulfurization catalyst has an active component of one or a combination of more of simple substances of Pt, Pd and Rh or oxides of Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Cr, Cu, Ce, Zr and Ti. The waste gas mixed with ammonia gas passes through a desulfurization layer, and sulfur dioxide, ammonia gas, oxygen and water vapor react under the catalytic action of a desulfurization catalyst to be converted into ammonium sulfate salt small particles.
In the above low-temperature dry desulfurization-catalytic denitration integrated equipment, further, the baffle plate layer is filled with honeycomb ceramics, honeycomb metal or metal oxide particles, or is arranged by overlapping metal mesh baffle plates. The baffle layer pair can form certain resistance to airflow for ammonium sulfate salt and dust in the desulfurized waste gas to adhere to, thereby achieving the aim of desulfurization.
In the low-temperature dry desulfurization-catalytic denitration integrated equipment, the baffle layer is further provided with a cleaning unit and a collector, and the cleaning unit can spray water or compressed air into the side surface of the baffle layer in a direction perpendicular to the airflow direction; and a valve is arranged on the other side of the baffle layer opposite to the cleaning unit and connected with a collector, and the valve can be used for collecting ammonium sulfate salt small particles or solution thereof. The specific implementation process of cleaning is as follows: along with the reaction, ammonium sulfate salt and dust attached to the surface of the filler or the surface of the metal mesh baffle in the baffle layer are increased, the cleaning unit can spray compressed air for blowing or spray water for washing to regenerate the baffle layer, and the blown ammonium sulfate salt small particles or solution thereof enter a collector after passing through a valve and then can be purified or otherwise treated to generate economic value.
In the above desulfurization and denitrification integrated equipment for low-temperature dry desulfurization and catalytic denitrification, further, the denitrification layer is an integral honeycomb low-temperature denitrification catalyst, and the main active component of the integral honeycomb low-temperature denitrification catalyst is manganese oxide. Under the action of the low-temperature denitration catalyst, reducing agent ammonia reacts with nitrogen oxide and oxygen to be converted into nitrogen and water, and the nitrogen and water are discharged after reaching the standard.
In the above low-temperature dry desulfurization-catalytic denitration integrated equipment, further, an ammonia water evaporator is arranged at the front end of the ammonia injection grid, and an ammonia water storage tank is arranged at the front end of the ammonia water evaporator.
In the low-temperature dry desulfurization-catalytic denitration integrated equipment, further, the gas purified at the outlet of the reactor is led to an ammonia water evaporator, and is subjected to heat exchange with ammonia water, and a certain heat source can be supplemented if necessary to evaporate the ammonia water to form ammonia gas used in the first step, so that resource utilization is realized to the maximum extent.
To sum up, the utility model has the advantages of it is following and positive effect:
1. for simplifying current SOx/NOx control technology, realize the sulfur dioxide poisoning problem of smart desulfurization in order to solve low temperature denitration catalyst, the utility model discloses combine two kinds of functions of ammonia process desulfurization and low temperature catalysis denitration together, improve the degree of tolerating of deNOx systems to sulfur dioxide and water, can make sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide discharge up to standard to there is certain dust removal effect.
2. The utility model can use SO2The concentration is reduced to 10mg/Nm3Then, the ammonia process fine desulfurization is realized, and the concentration of nitrogen oxides is reduced to 100mg/Nm3The most stringent national emission standards are met below; the utility model only adopts ammonia gas as the desulfurization and denitrification agent, which is convenient for design and control; compared with the traditional wet method, dry method and semi-dry method, the utility model does not spray solid particles and alkali solution, does not generate dust and waste liquid; the utility model is arranged at the tail end of the project for desulfurization and denitration under the condition of low temperature, and has less influence on the original equipment; the utility model discloses all purification unit are integrated atIn the same reactor, the process flow is simple, the equipment is less, and the occupied area is small; the by-product of the utility model is ammonium sulfate salt, which has economic value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the integrated low-temperature dry desulfurization-catalytic denitration process of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises an induced draft fan, 2, an ammonia spraying grid, 3, an ammonia storage tank, 4, an ammonia evaporator, 5, a collector, 6, a cleaning unit, 7, a desulfurization layer, 8, a baffle layer, 9, a catalytic denitrification layer, 10 and a heat preservation layer.
Detailed Description
A low-temperature dry desulfurization-catalytic denitration integrated device is used for ammonia desulfurization and catalytic denitration under low-temperature reaction conditions. The low-temperature dry desulfurization-catalytic denitration integrated equipment comprises a core component reactor, wherein a desulfurization layer, a baffle layer and a denitration layer are arranged inside the reactor in series, and a detachable heat preservation layer is arranged outside the reactor.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the low-temperature dry desulfurization-catalytic denitration integrated equipment is characterized in that an air inducing unit and an ammonia spraying grid are arranged at the front end of a reactor, and waste gas is uniformly mixed with ammonia sprayed out through the ammonia spraying grid through the air inducing unit and then enters the reactor.
Furthermore, it can be considered in this embodiment that an ammonia water evaporator is provided at the front end of the ammonia injection grid, and an ammonia water storage tank is provided at the front end of the ammonia water evaporator.
Further, it is also considered in this embodiment that the desulfurization layer is filled with a desulfurization catalyst in the form of pellets, irregular particles, or a honeycomb monolith. The mixed gas passes through a desulfurization layer, and sulfur dioxide, ammonia gas, oxygen and water vapor react under the catalytic action of a catalyst to be converted into ammonium sulfate salt small particles.
Further, it is also contemplated in this embodiment that the baffle layer is filled with particles of honeycomb ceramics, honeycomb metals or metal oxides, or in an overlapping arrangement with metal mesh baffles. The baffle layer can form certain resistance to airflow and has certain adsorption effect, so that ammonium sulfate salt small particles in the desulfurized waste gas and original dust in the waste gas can be attached to the baffle layer, and the aim of desulfurization is fulfilled.
Furthermore, it can be considered in this embodiment that the baffle layer is further provided with a cleaning unit and a collector, one side of the baffle layer perpendicular to the airflow direction is the cleaning unit, and the other side is provided with a valve connected with the collector. The cleaning unit can blow compressed air or spray water to the layer in the direction perpendicular to the waste gas direction to realize the cleaning function; the collector may be for collecting ammonium sulfate salt or a solution thereof. The specific process is as follows: along with the reaction, ammonium sulfate salt and dust attached to the surface of the filler or the surface of the metal mesh baffle plate in the baffle plate layer are increased, the layer can be swept or washed by water spraying by utilizing compressed air on the side surface, so that the layer is regenerated, and after the swept ammonium sulfate salt or solution thereof enters a collector, purification or other treatment is carried out, so that economic value is generated.
Further, it can be considered in this embodiment that the denitration layer is a monolithic honeycomb low-temperature denitration catalyst, and the main active component of the monolithic honeycomb low-temperature denitration catalyst is an oxide of manganese. Under the action of the low-temperature denitration catalyst, reducing agent ammonia reacts with nitrogen oxide and oxygen in the waste gas to be converted into nitrogen and water, and the nitrogen and water are discharged after reaching the standard.
Further, it can be considered in this embodiment that the gas purified at the outlet of the reactor is introduced into an ammonia water storage tank, and exchanges heat with ammonia water, and a certain heat source can be supplemented if necessary, so that the ammonia water is evaporated to form ammonia gas used in the first step, thereby maximally implementing resource utilization.
The working process is as follows: (1) firstly, guiding the waste gas to an inlet of a reactor through an induced draft unit, spraying a certain amount of evaporated and diluted ammonia gas into the waste gas through an ammonia spraying grid, and uniformly mixing; (2) the mixed gas passes through a desulfurization layer, and sulfur dioxide, ammonia gas, oxygen and water vapor react under the catalytic action of a catalyst to be converted into ammonium sulfate salt small particles; (3) the airflow carries a small amount of original dust and ammonium sulfate salt particles of the waste gas to be enriched on the baffle layer, and the desulfurization is completed; (4) the desulfurized gas passes through the denitration layer, and the reducing agent ammonia gas, nitrogen oxide and oxygen react to be converted into nitrogen gas and water under the action of the low-temperature denitration catalyst, so that the nitrogen gas and the water are discharged after reaching the standard, and the waste heat is used for evaporating ammonia water.
The temperature of the waste gas is 80-150 ℃, the waste gas is matched with the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet after the system removes dust, reheating is not needed, the energy consumption is low, and if the temperature is lower than 80 ℃, the waste gas needs to be subjected to heat supplementing operation. SO in exhaust gas2The concentration needs to be less than or equal to 300mg/Nm3When SO2Too high a concentration may affect the lifetime of the desulfurization layer.
By way of example, in this embodiment: the temperature of the waste gas is 120 ℃, the gas quantity is 400NL/h, and SO2Concentration 50mg/Nm3，NOxConcentration 400mg/Nm3Under the working condition, firstly, exhaust gas is pumped into an inlet of a reactor through a draught fan, ammonia gas is sprayed into the exhaust gas through an ammonia spraying grid according to the concentration sum of nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide in the exhaust gas of the ammonia gas ratio and is 1.02 (mol ratio), the mixed gas passes through a desulfurization layer filled with a catalyst which takes Fe-Cu oxides with the external dimension of 30 x 50mm (length, width and height) as active components and takes honeycomb active carbon as a carrier, then passes through a baffle plate layer filled with cordierite honeycomb ceramics with the external dimension of 30 x 40mm (length, width and height), and finally passes through a baffle plate layer filled with 30 x 100mm (length, width and height) and takes Mn-Ce as active components and TiO-Ce2The denitration layer of the honeycomb-shaped integral low-temperature denitration catalyst is a carrier, and SO is not detected in tail gas2The conversion rate of nitrogen oxides is 85 percent, and the nitrogen oxides reach the emission standard.
To sum up, the utility model provides an adopt ammonia desorption sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide simultaneously, can realize at the front end fine desulfurization, avoid low concentration SO2The influence on the rear-end denitration catalyst, the integration of the desulfurization and denitration reaction in the same reactor, small floor area, simple process and low energy consumption, and is suitable for low-temperature dry desulfurization-catalytic denitration integrated equipment applied on a large scale.
The above embodiments are described in detail, but the above description is only for the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All the equivalent changes and improvements made according to the application scope of the present invention should still fall within the patent coverage of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a low temperature dry process desulfurization-catalysis denitration integration equipment which characterized in that: the core component of the low-temperature dry desulfurization-catalytic denitration integrated equipment is a reactor, a detachable heat preservation layer is arranged outside the reactor, and the reactor comprises a desulfurization layer, a baffle layer and a denitration layer which are arranged in series.
2. The integrated low-temperature dry desulfurization-catalytic denitration device of claim 1, wherein: the low-temperature dry desulfurization-catalytic denitration integrated equipment is characterized in that an induced air unit and an ammonia spraying grid are arranged at the front end of a reactor, and the induced air unit conveys waste gas to the ammonia spraying grid and mixes the waste gas with ammonia gas.
3. The integrated low-temperature dry desulfurization-catalytic denitration device of claim 2, wherein an ammonia water evaporator is arranged at the front end of the ammonia injection grid, and an ammonia water storage tank is arranged at the front end of the ammonia water evaporator.
4. The integrated low-temperature dry desulfurization-catalytic denitration device of claim 1, wherein: the desulfurization layer in the reactor is filled with a desulfurization catalyst in the shape of a small sphere, a particle or an integral honeycomb.
5. The integrated low-temperature dry desulfurization-catalytic denitration device of claim 1, wherein: the baffle layer in the reactor is filled with honeycomb ceramics, honeycomb metal or metal oxide particles, or is overlapped and discharged by adopting a metal mesh baffle.
6. The integrated low-temperature dry desulfurization-catalytic denitration device of claim 5, wherein: the baffle layer is also provided with a cleaning unit and a collector, wherein the cleaning unit can clean the baffle layer by compressed air or water, and the ammonium sulfate salt solution or solid particles thereof obtained after cleaning is collected by the collector.
7. The integrated low-temperature dry desulfurization-catalytic denitration device of claim 1, wherein: the denitration layer in the reactor is filled with an integral honeycomb-shaped low-temperature denitration catalyst, and the main active component of the integral honeycomb-shaped low-temperature denitration catalyst is manganese oxide.
8. The integrated low-temperature dry desulfurization-catalytic denitration device of claim 1, wherein: and the gas purified at the outlet of the reactor is led to an ammonia water evaporator and completes heat exchange with ammonia water.
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