CN211829201U

CN211829201U - Low-cost multi-bit digital phased array antenna

Info

Publication number: CN211829201U
Application number: CN202020345879.4U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王鹏程; 朱劼; 叶明星; 王正斌
Original assignee: Nanjing Xingteng Communication Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Nanjing Xingteng Communication Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-03-18
Filing date: 2020-03-18
Publication date: 2020-10-30
Anticipated expiration: 2030-03-18

Abstract

The utility model relates to a low-cost many bits digital phased array antenna, a plurality of antenna subarrays including the matrix arrangement, the feed structural layer is given the antenna subarray feed, antenna subarray from the top down includes 180 phase shift unit layers in proper order, 90 phase shift unit layers and 45 phase shift unit layers, 180 phase shift unit layers and 90 phase shift unit layers, 90 phase shift unit layers and 45 phase shift unit layers loop through respective metal through-hole structural connection, simultaneously in proper order respectively through respective radio frequency signal transmission structural connection, realize the radio frequency signal transmission, 180 phase shift unit layers and 90 phase shift unit layers combine closely, the radio frequency signal transmission structure supports 90 phase shift unit layers and 45 phase shift unit layers and opens, form the air chamber. The utility model discloses an upper and lower range upon range of, the mode of cascading has integrated three switch and has moved the looks ware (wherein the radiation layer also can realize the phase shift function simultaneously), has both realized the phase control of 3bit quantization digit, has effectively reduced the cascade loss again.

Description

Low-cost multi-bit digital phased array antenna

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a low-cost many bits digital phased array antenna belongs to phased array antenna technical field.

Background

The rapid development of wireless communication technology greatly facilitates the life of people, and stimulates more innovative applications, so that the demand of people on data services is continuously increased. The next generation mobile communication wireless technology further combines the ground wireless communication network with the satellite-borne space-based broadband global mobile internet to achieve global coverage and full-time availability. Among them, the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellation has become another important field of competition for wireless communication technology in the large countries. For example, SpaceX corporation, USA, proposes a star chain plan, the Chinese space science and technology group, proposes a swan goose constellation plan, and the Chinese space science and technology group, proposes an iridescent cloud engineering plan.

One of the core technologies of the satellite communication system is an antenna technology, and the forms of the satellite antenna include a reflector antenna, a slab waveguide array antenna, a Lens antenna (Lens antenna), an active phased array antenna, and the like. The low orbit satellite which needs to track fast movement on the ground, especially the carrier which moves at high speed on the ground ensures the communication quality, not only the antenna is required to have high gain, but also the system is required to have high satellite searching speed and satellite aiming precision. The traditional reflector antenna has the main defects of large volume and weight, large wind resistance and low satellite alignment speed in a high-speed moving state; both the slab waveguide array antenna and the lens scanning antenna rely on corresponding mechanical servo systems, which are difficult to achieve with extremely low profile and light weight.

Phased array satellite antennas are antenna implementation techniques that extend from radar antenna design techniques, where antenna beam pointing is electronically implemented to rotate or scan in space. The appearance structure of the phased array satellite antenna can be designed according to the requirements of a moving platform, the height is extremely low, the response speed is high, the radiation beam can be shaped, and meets the design requirements of various radiation directional diagrams. However, because the amplitude modulation and phase modulation transmission/reception (T/R) components are used, the technology is complex, and the implementation cost is relatively highest.

Current phased array satellite antennas have fully analog phased arrays, all digital phased arrays, and hybrid analog and digital antenna sub-array architectures. Each antenna unit of the full analog phased array only supports analog amplitude modulation and phase modulation, the phase shift value can be continuously changed within the range of 0-360 degrees, the analog amplitude modulation and the phase modulation are aligned to a target in a step-by-step scanning mode, and the actual process is time-consuming and low in precision. Each antenna unit of the all-Digital phased array is connected with a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) unit and an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) unit, so that amplitude modulation and phase modulation of the antenna units are realized in a Digital domain, and rapid and continuous scanning can be realized. The phase shift value of the digital phase shifter is jump and can only be an integral multiple of 360 DEG/2 ^ n, wherein n is the bit number (bit number) of the digital phase shifter, and the scanning precision is closely related to the bit number. The higher the digital digit number is, the higher the scanning precision is, and the higher the cost of the corresponding DAC and ADC units is, so that the cost of the all-digital phased array is high. The analog and digital mixed satellite antenna subarray architecture integrates the advantages of a full analog phased array and a full digital phased array, a plurality of analog amplitude modulation and phase modulation antenna units form a subarray, then, on the basis of the subarray, the T/R component is used for adjusting the amplitude and the phase, and a plurality of subarrays form a total antenna array. However, the scheme has the problem that the analog part of the subarray can be influenced by the digital part of the uniform T/R elements, and the antenna array pattern can have serious grating lobes. In addition, after the weight setting of the analog part is completed, the T/R digital part cannot accurately estimate the directions of the target signal and the interference signal, so that it is difficult to achieve a good interference suppression effect. PCT patent 2017 (WO/2017/066903) by hua cheng technology limited discloses an analog-digital hybrid array antenna, which includes at least three antenna elements in each spatial dimension, each antenna element is connected to a corresponding analog transceiving channel, and adjacent antenna elements are connected to a corresponding sub-digital receiving channel. The scheme has great progress in the aspects of scanning precision and interference suppression, but the technical complexity is higher and the cost is higher. Chinese utility model patent CN 104716418A in 2015 discloses a reconfigurable antenna based on cross PIN diode programmable control, which comprises a servo circuit, a programmable dc bias voltage source, and an antenna array, and realizes programmable control frequency reconfiguration, directional diagram reconfiguration, and programmable control linear array or planar array antenna. The scheme realizes the change of the effective length or the effective area of the antenna by utilizing the on-off of the diode, but cannot realize the continuous beam scanning function of the phased array antenna. Chinese utility model patent CN 106684562A by hua shi technology limited in 2017 discloses a reconfigurable antenna, which comprises a feed layer and two layers of dielectric plates, and its main contribution is to realize better unit isolation through a parasitic unit, a parasitic patch and a switch component, but it only realizes reconfiguration of frequency and directional patterns within a small range. The utility model patent CN 106848588A of the university of qinghua discloses a phased array antenna based on digital phase control electromagnetic surface, including the feed antenna and the digital phase control electromagnetic surface that carry out empty feedback, the digital control device is integrated on the radiation surface, but it can only realize the digital switching of 0 °/180 ° 1bit, and the phase regulation and control precision is not enough to support accurate beam scanning. The utility model patent CN 107565228A of xiamen university discloses a plan antenna able to programme and design scheme based on FPGA control, including circular radiation paster and changeable feed network, realize the polarization direction regulation and control of antenna through the break-make of controlling 7 PIN pipes in the feed network, but can not realize beam direction regulation and control.

In summary, the conventional full analog array and full digital array antennas are not satisfactory in terms of cost or scanning accuracy, and the hybrid analog and digital sub-array architecture also has a problem in terms of interference suppression, so that designing an array antenna with better cost, scanning accuracy and interference suppression is an urgent problem to be solved at present.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model provides a low-cost many bits digital phased array antenna especially is applicable to the satellite communication antenna of fixed or removal carrier (as on-vehicle, machine carries, ship-borne etc.) assembly, and its concrete technical scheme is as follows:

a low-cost multi-bit digital phased array antenna comprises a plurality of antenna sub-arrays arranged in a matrix manner and a plurality of feed structure layers arranged below the antenna sub-arrays, wherein each feed structure layer feeds a plurality of adjacent antenna sub-arrays, each antenna sub-array only receives the feed of one feed structure layer, each antenna sub-array sequentially comprises a 180-degree phase shift unit layer, a 90-degree phase shift unit layer and a 45-degree phase shift unit layer from top to bottom, the 180-degree phase shift unit layer is connected with the 90-degree phase shift unit layer, the 90-degree phase shift unit layer and the 45-degree phase shift unit layer sequentially through respective metal through hole structures, and simultaneously the 180-degree phase shift unit layer, the 90-degree phase shift unit layer and the 45-degree phase shift unit layer are connected sequentially through respective radio frequency signal transmission structures,

the 180-degree phase shift unit layer is tightly combined with the 90-degree phase shift unit layer, and the 90-degree phase shift unit layer and the 45-degree phase shift unit layer are supported by the radio frequency signal transmission structure between the 90-degree phase shift unit layer and the 45-degree phase shift unit layer to form an air cavity.

Furthermore, 64 antenna subarrays are respectively arranged in 8 rows and 8 columns, each feed structure layer is connected with 4 adjacent antenna subarrays arranged in a square shape, and 16 feed structure layers are arranged in 4 rows and 4 columns.

Further, the air cavity includes air cavity I and air cavity II, air cavity I is close to 90 phase shift unit layers, air cavity II is close to 45 phase shift unit layers, connect through rather than perpendicular radio frequency signal transmission structure between 90 phase shift unit layers and the 45 phase shift unit layers, air cavity I and air cavity II superpose beside the radio frequency signal transmission structure.

Furthermore, the 180-degree phase shift unit layer comprises a dielectric plate, one surface of the dielectric plate faces upwards, the other surface of the dielectric plate is attached to the 90-degree phase shift unit layer, a radiation patch is laid in the center of the upward surface of the dielectric plate,

the edge of the radiation patch is symmetrically provided with bias line connecting through holes penetrating through the dielectric slab,

the center of the radiation patch penetrates through the dielectric plate and is provided with a radio frequency signal transmission hole,

the surface of one side of the dielectric plate, which faces the 90-degree phase shift unit layer, is sequentially provided with a metal grounding layer and a direct current bias line plate from inside to outside, the surface of one side of the direct current bias line plate, which faces the 90-degree phase shift unit layer, is printed with a direct current bias line, and the direct current bias line is connected with a bias line connecting through hole.

Furthermore, the 90-degree phase shift unit layer comprises a dielectric plate, a metal grounding layer is laid on one side of the dielectric plate facing the 180-degree phase shift unit layer, a direct current bias line is printed between the metal grounding layer and the 180-degree phase shift unit layer,

one side of the dielectric plate, which faces the 45-degree phase shift unit layer, is printed with a 90-degree phase shifter, and the 90-degree phase shifter is printed with a lumped element;

the dielectric plate is provided with a metalized through hole, the 90-degree phase shifter is connected with the metal grounding layer through the metalized through hole,

and radio frequency signal transmission holes are formed in the centers of the metal grounding layer and the dielectric plate, radio frequency signal transmission structures are arranged in the radio frequency signal transmission holes, and the upper ends of the radio frequency signal transmission structures extend to the central patches of the 180-degree phase shift unit layers.

Furthermore, a direct current bias plate is laid on the metal grounding layer, and the direct current bias lines are printed on one surface, facing the 180-degree phase shift unit layer, of the direct current bias plate.

Further, the 45-degree phase shift unit layer comprises a dielectric plate, a 45-degree phase shifter is paved on the dielectric plate towards the 90-degree phase shift unit layer, and a lumped element is printed on the 90-degree phase shifter;

a metal grounding layer and a direct current bias plate are laid below the dielectric plate, a direct current bias line is printed on the direct current bias plate, a bias line through hole is formed through the dielectric plate, the metal grounding layer and the dielectric plate, and the direct current bias line is connected with the center of the 45-degree phase shifter through the bias line through hole;

metallized holes are also formed through the dielectric plate, the metal grounding layer and the direct current bias plate, and one end of the 45-degree phase shifter penetrates through the metallized holes through a metal wire.

The utility model has the advantages that:

the utility model discloses an upper and lower range upon range of, the mode of cascading has integrated three switch and has moved the looks ware (wherein the radiation layer also can realize the phase shift function simultaneously), has both realized the phase control of 3bit quantization digit, has effectively reduced the cascade loss again.

The utility model discloses well range upon range of cascaded integrated mode is applicable to PCB printed circuit board technology and electronic switch component (like PIN pipe, MEMS, varactor etc.) table pastes technology, and is very ripe, has both reduced the profile height of system, again greatly reduced phased array antenna's manufacturing cost.

The utility model discloses well scheme of proposing both can reduce and cascade the level, realize the phased array antenna of low digit position, like 1bit, 2bit, also can increase and cascade the level, realize the phased array antenna of high digit position, like 4bit, 5bit etc..

The utility model discloses the work bandwidth of well proposed scheme is mainly decided by antenna radiating element and phase shift unit, consequently, through the structure of optimizing radiating element and phase shift unit, adopts the phase shift structure of other forms even, moves looks ware etc. like the liquid crystal, can further increase the work bandwidth.

Drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an 8 x 8 sub-array of a phased array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention,

figure 2 is a side view of figure 1,

reference numerals in fig. 1 and 2: 1-180 degree phase shift unit layer, 2-90 degree phase shift unit layer, 3-45 degree phase shift unit layer, 4-waveguide feed layer.

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the antenna subarray of the present invention,

figure 4 is an exploded view of figure 3,

reference numerals in fig. 3: 100-array antenna unit structure, 11-radiation patch, 21-90 degree phase shifter, 23-air cavity I, 203-radio frequency signal transmission structure, 31-45 degree phase shifter, 33-air cavity II;

reference numerals in fig. 4: the antenna comprises a 100-array antenna unit structure, 11-radiation layer radiation patches, 12-low-loss tangent transmission dielectric boards (Rogers 5880 boards), 13-radiation layer bias line connecting through holes, 16-radiation layer direct current bias lines, 15-radiation layer direct current bias line boards, 14-radiation layer metal grounding, 21-90 degree phase shifters, 22-90 degree phase shift layer low-loss tangent transmission dielectric boards (such as Rogers 5880), 24-90 degree phase shifter direct current bias lines, board layers where 25-90 degree phase shifter direct current bias lines are located, 26-90 degree phase shifters metal grounding, radio frequency signal transmission structures between 203-90 degree phase shifters and 45 degree phase shifters, 31-45 degree phase shifters, 32-45 degree phase shifter low-loss tangent transmission dielectric boards (such as Rogers 5880), 34-45 degree phase shifter direct current bias lines, 35-45 degree phase shifter bias line board layers and 36-45 degree direct current phase shifters metal grounding.

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a 180 DEG phase shift unit layer according to the present invention,

figure 6 is an exploded view of figure 5,

reference numerals in fig. 5 and 6: 10-lumped element, 102-radio frequency signal transmission structure, 11-radiation patch, 12-dielectric plate, 13-bias line connecting through hole, 14-metal grounding layer, 15-direct current bias line plate and 16-direct current bias line.

Figure 7 is an exploded view of the 90 phase shift cell layer of the present invention,

reference numerals in fig. 7: 20-lumped element, 21-90 degree phase shifter, 22-dielectric plate, 24-direct current bias line, 25-direct current bias plate, 26-metal grounding layer, 102-radio frequency signal transmission structure.

Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a 45 deg. phase shift unit layer according to the present invention,

figure 9 is an exploded view of figure 8,

reference numerals in fig. 8 and 9: 30-lumped element, 31-45 degree phase shifter, 32-dielectric plate, 34-DC bias line, 35-DC bias plate, 36-metal grounding layer.

Reflection coefficient S of the 3-bit 8 × 8 phased array antenna array in the embodiment of FIG. 10₁₁。

The E-plane pattern of the 3bit 8 x 8 phased array antenna in the embodiment of fig. 11 is deflected by an angle.

The H-plane pattern deflection angle of the 3bit 8 x 8 phased array antenna of the embodiment of fig. 12.

Detailed Description

The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are simplified schematic drawings and illustrate the basic structure of the present invention only in a schematic manner, and thus show only the components related to the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, an 8 × 8 antenna subarray is taken as an example to illustrate a specific application of the present invention. The overall 8 x 8 antenna sub-array may be divided into four layers as shown in figure 1, with the upper three layers being switched phase shifters and the lowest layer being a waveguide feed structure 4. The phase shifters from top to bottom are respectively a 180-degree phase shift unit layer 1 (the 180-degree phase shift layer 1 has a radiation function and is also called a radiation unit layer, the radiation unit layer is attached to a linear bias line layer), a 90-degree phase shift unit layer 2 and a 45-degree phase shift unit layer 3, and a waveguide feed layer 4 distributes incident radio frequency microwave signals to each array element of the 8 x 8 array antenna in an equal-amplitude and same-phase manner.

Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the antenna subarray (i.e. the array antenna unit structure 100) of the present invention, fig. 4 is an exploded view of fig. 3, it can be seen from fig. 3 that the 90 ° phase shift unit layer 2 forms an air cavity i 23 towards the side of the 45 ° phase shift unit layer 3, the 45 ° phase shift unit layer 3 forms an air cavity ii 33 towards the side of the 90 ° phase shift unit layer 2, the 90 ° phase shift unit layer 2 and the 45 ° phase shift unit layer 3 are connected through the radio frequency signal transmission structure 203 perpendicular thereto, and the air cavity i 23 and the air cavity ii 33 are stacked beside the radio frequency signal transmission structure 203.

As can be seen in fig. 4, the reference numerals in fig. 4 are, in order: the array antenna unit structure 100, the radiation patch 11 of the radiation layer, the low-loss tangent transmission dielectric plate 12 (Rogers 5880 plate), the radiation layer bias line connecting via 13, the radiation layer DC bias line 16, the radiation layer DC bias line plate 15, the metal ground 14 of the radiation layer, the 90 ° phase shifter 21, the 90 ° phase shifter low-loss tangent transmission dielectric plate 22 (e.g. Rogers 5880), the DC bias line 24 of the 90 ° phase shifter, the plate layer 25-where the DC bias line of the 90 ° phase shifter is located, the metal ground 26-of the 90 ° phase shifter, the radio frequency signal transmission structure 203-between the 90 ° phase shifter and the 45 ° phase shifter, the 45 ° phase shifter 31-, the 45 ° phase shifter low-loss tangent transmission dielectric plate 32 (e.g. Rogers 5880), the DC bias line 34 of the 45 ° phase shifter, the metal ground 36-where the 45 ° phase shifter DC bias line is located 35, 45 ° phase shifter. The utility model discloses the decomposition state of single antenna subarray, it can be seen from the figure that 180 phase shift elementary layer 1, 90 phase shift elementary layer 2 and 45 phase shift unit layer 3 between perpendicular metal through-hole connection structure. The embodiment of the utility model provides an in 90 degrees phase shift unit layer 2 and 45 degrees phase shift unit layer 3 all adopt "pi" shape transmission line loading electronic switch (MEMS or Pin) structural style, change the voltage of corresponding lumped element (electronic switch) both sides through the direct current bias line equally, the switch that the control moved the looks ware realizes corresponding 90 or 45 phase jump. There is radio frequency signal transmission structure 102 between radiation layer and 90 degree phase shift unit layer, there is radio frequency signal transmission structure 203 between 90 degree phase shifter and 45 degree phase shifter, in this embodiment, a fuzz button is used, and its transmission loss is better than-0.05 dB.

With reference to fig. 5 and 6, the 180 ° phase shift unit layer includes a radiation patch 11 and a lumped element 10 (which may be a PIN transistor, a MEMS switch, or a varactor diode, etc.), a low loss dielectric board 12 (such as Rogers5880, etc.) supporting the radiation patch, a metal via for dc biasing the lumped element 10, a metal ground layer 14 of the radiation unit layer, a board layer on which a dc bias line of the radiation unit layer is located, and a dc bias line layer below the radiation unit layer. The radiation unit layer can realize the radiation and the reception of electromagnetic waves, and can also realize the phase transformation of 0 degree/180 degrees by controlling the lumped element through the direct-current bias voltage.

The method specifically comprises the following steps: the radiation patch 11 is characterized in that a square-shaped radiation patch 11 is laid in the center of the upward side of the dielectric plate 12, the radiation patch 11 comprises a square-shaped closed frame patch and a center patch positioned in the center of the frame, lumped elements 10 (the lumped elements can be PIN diodes, MEMS switches or variable capacitance diodes and the like) are laid between one group of opposite sides of the center patch and the adjacent frame patch, a bias line connecting through hole is formed in the center of the other group of opposite side adjacent frame patch of the center patch in a penetrating mode through the dielectric plate, a radio frequency signal transmission hole is formed in the center of the center patch in a penetrating mode through the dielectric plate, a metal ground layer and a direct current bias line plate are sequentially arranged on the surface of the downward side of the dielectric plate from inside to outside, a direct current bias line is printed on the surface of the downward side of the direct current bias line plate, and the direct.

The 180-degree phase shift unit layer changes the voltage on two sides of a lumped element (the lumped element is an electronic switch, MEMS or Pin tube can be selected and the like) through a direct current bias line to control the phase jump of the switch phase shifter.

Referring to fig. 7, the 90 ° phase shift unit layer mainly includes, from top to bottom: a metal bias line layer 26 (the layer is the same as the radiation unit dc bias line layer, or a dielectric plate 22 may be added to divide the radiation unit layer and the dc bias line of the 90 ° phase shift unit layer into two layers), a low-loss dielectric plate bias plate (such as Rogers 5880) supporting the dc bias line layer, a metal ground layer of the 90 ° phase shifter, a low-loss dielectric plate, "pi" shaped 90 ° phase shifter structure layer (which may be a phase shifter of another shape), and a coaxial transmission structure layer communicating with the lower radio frequency signal. The coaxial transmission structure layer can adopt a concentric cylindrical through hole structure, and can also adopt other waveguide structures, such as a fuzz button and the like. The 90 DEG phase shift unit realizes 0 DEG/90 DEG phase conversion through a DC bias voltage control lumped element.

The method specifically comprises the following steps: a metal grounding layer is laid on one upward side of the dielectric plate 22, a direct current bias line 24 is printed between the metal grounding layer 26 and the 180-degree phase shift unit layer (the direct current bias line and the radiation unit direct current bias line layer are the same layer, a dielectric plate can be added, the radiation unit layer and the direct current bias line of the 90-degree phase shift unit layer are divided into two layers), a 90-degree phase shifter is printed on the downward side of the dielectric plate 22, and a lumped element 20 is printed in the 90-degree phase shifter; the dielectric plate 22 is provided with a metalized through hole, the 90-degree phase shifter is connected with the metal grounding layer 26 through the metalized through hole, the centers of the metal grounding layer 26 and the dielectric plate 22 are provided with a radio frequency signal transmission hole, a radio frequency signal transmission structure 102 is arranged in the radio frequency signal transmission hole, and the upper end of the radio frequency signal transmission structure 102 extends to a central patch of the 180-degree phase shift unit layer.

Referring to fig. 8 and 9, the 45 ° phase shifter unit layer 3 mainly includes, from top to bottom: a "pi" shaped 45 phase shifter structure layer 31 (which may also be a phase shifter of other shapes), a low loss dielectric plate 32 (such as Rogers 5880) supporting the phase shifter structure layer, a metal ground layer 36 for the 45 phase shifter, a low loss dielectric plate layer 35, and a 45 phase shifter dc bias line layer 34. The 45 ° phase shift unit implements 0 °/45 ° phase conversion by controlling the lumped element 30 by a dc bias voltage.

The method specifically comprises the following steps: a 45-degree phase shifter is laid on the upward surface of the dielectric plate 32, a lumped element 30 is printed in the 45-degree phase shifter, a metal grounding layer and a direct current bias plate 35 are laid below the dielectric plate 32, a direct current bias line 34 is printed on the direct current bias plate 35, a bias line through hole is formed through the dielectric plate 32, the metal grounding layer 36 and the dielectric plate 32, and the direct current bias line 34 is connected with the center of the 45-degree phase shifter through the bias line through hole; a metallized hole is also opened through the dielectric plate 32, the metal ground layer and the 36 dc bias plate 35, and one end of the 45 ° phase shifter penetrates through the metallized hole through a metal wire.

The utility model discloses phased array antenna's feed structure layer has adopted the waveguide to change coaxial feed structure, and every waveguide unit divides the network to feed four upper units through the merit of one minute four. To further reduce the profile height of the new phased array antenna, other forms of electrical structure layers may be used, such as microstrip structures, stripline structures, Substrate Integrated Waveguides (SIW), etc., feed antennas, but at the cost of increased losses in the antenna system.

The utility model discloses phased array antenna controls the direct current bias voltage of each layer through singlechip or FPGA, can control 180 shift unit layer (radiation unit layer), 90 shift unit layer, 45 shift the switch of lumped device on unit layer, and then realize 3bit quantization (0/45/90/135/180/225/270/315) accurate phase control.

The utility model discloses phased array antenna adopts range upon range of, cascaded mode to integrate a plurality of switches and moves the looks ware, and emulation and test result show, and the reflection of whole antenna feeder system is very little, and radio frequency channel's signal loss is also very little, can satisfy the demand of system.

The utility model discloses a 3bit quantization phased array design can range upon range of more phase shift layers, further realizes the accurate regulation and control of the phase place of more bit positions, if 4bit quantization phased array antenna, 5bit quantization phased array antenna etc..

Finally, the experimental result of the 8 multiplied by 8 antenna subarray proves that the embodiment of the utility model provides an integral reflection coefficient S11 within 17.5GHz-20.5GHz<10dB, as shown in FIG. 10. Reflection coefficient S of 3bit 8X 8 phased array antenna array in the embodiment of FIG. 10₁₁Here, X represents the deflection of the main beam in the X direction, Y represents the deflection of the main beam in the Y direction, 0 °/15 °/30 °/45 °/60 ° respectively represents the deflection angle of the main beam, and it can be seen from the results that the whole reflection coefficient of the phased array antenna of the present invention is less than-10 dB in 17.5GHz-20.5GHz, and S is less than-10 dB in S₁₁The results are better.

Fig. 11 shows the deflection angle of the E-plane directional pattern of the 3-bit 8 × 8 phased array antenna in the embodiment, where 0 °/15 °/30 °/45 °/60 ° respectively represent the desired main beam deflection angle at 19.1GHz, and the actual deflection angle is not much different from the expected deflection angle, which meets the design requirement. Fig. 12 shows the deflection angles of the H-plane directional pattern of the 3-bit 8 × 8 phased array antenna in the embodiment, where 0 °/15 °/30 °/45 °/60 ° respectively represent the deflection angles of the main beam at 19.1GHz, and the actual deflection angles are not much different from the expected deflection angles, which meets the design requirements.

Fig. 11 and 12 show E-plane and H-plane directional diagrams of an antenna sub-array, and experimental results show that the gain of the main beam of the array antenna in the positive direction is 21dB, which can realize ± 60 degrees beam scanning, and the gain of about 17dB still exists at the maximum scanning angle, which is well consistent with theoretical results and meets design indexes.

The embodiment of the utility model provides an in 90 and 45 switch phase shifter unit have adopted "pi" shape structure, also can use other structural style, like three spinal branch sections transmission line structures etc..

In order to reduce transmission loss, realize the better cascade of lower floor, microwave radio frequency signal moves the phase place output from 45 and transmits to 90 and move the looks ware in need through an extra coupling mechanism 203, the embodiment of the utility model provides an in adopt the hair button, its transmission loss is superior to-0.05 dB, also can adopt other guided wave structures.

In light of the foregoing, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content of the specification, and must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A low-cost multi-bit digital phased array antenna is characterized in that: the antenna subarray comprises a plurality of antenna subarrays which are arranged in a matrix manner and a plurality of feed structure layers (4) which are arranged below the antenna subarrays, wherein each feed structure layer (4) feeds a plurality of adjacent antenna subarrays, each antenna subarray only receives the feed of one feed structure layer (4), the antenna subarrays sequentially comprise a 180-degree phase shift unit layer (1), a 90-degree phase shift unit layer (2) and a 45-degree phase shift unit layer (3) from top to bottom, the 180-degree phase shift unit layers (1) and the 90-degree phase shift unit layers (2), the 90-degree phase shift unit layers (2) and the 45-degree phase shift unit layers (3) are sequentially connected through respective metal through hole structures, and are sequentially connected through respective radio frequency signal transmission structures to realize radio frequency signal transmission,

the 180-degree phase shift unit layer (1) and the 90-degree phase shift unit layer (2) are tightly combined, and the 90-degree phase shift unit layer (2) and the 45-degree phase shift unit layer (3) are supported by a radio frequency signal transmission structure between the 90-degree phase shift unit layer (2) and the 45-degree phase shift unit layer (3) to form an air cavity.

2. The low-cost multi-bit digital phased array antenna of claim 1, further comprising: the number of the antenna subarrays is 64, the antenna subarrays are respectively arranged in 8 rows and 8 columns, each feed structure layer (4) is connected with 4 adjacent antenna subarrays which are arranged in a square shape, and the number of the feed structure layers (4) is 16, and the feed structure layers are arranged in 4 rows and 4 columns.

3. The low-cost multi-bit digital phased array antenna of claim 1, further comprising: the air cavity includes air cavity I (23) and air cavity II (33), air cavity I (23) are close to 90 phase shift unit layer (2), air cavity II (33) are close to 45 phase shift unit layer (3), connect through rather than vertically radio frequency signal transmission structure (203) between 90 phase shift unit layer (2) and the 45 phase shift unit layer (3), air cavity I (23) and air cavity II (33) superpose on radio frequency signal transmission structure (203) next door.

4. The low-cost multi-bit digital phased array antenna of claim 1, further comprising: the 180-degree phase shift unit layer (1) comprises a dielectric plate, one surface of the dielectric plate faces upwards, the other surface of the dielectric plate is attached to the 90-degree phase shift unit layer (2), a radiation patch (11) and a collection element are laid in the center of the upward surface of the dielectric plate,

the edge of the radiation patch (11) penetrates through the dielectric slab and is symmetrically provided with 2 bias line connecting through holes (13),

the center of the radiation patch (11) penetrates through the dielectric plate and is provided with a radio frequency signal transmission hole,

the dielectric plate is characterized in that a metal grounding layer and a direct current bias line plate (15) are sequentially arranged on the surface of one side, facing the 90-degree phase shift unit layer (2), of the dielectric plate from inside to outside, direct current bias lines are printed on the surface of one side, facing the 90-degree phase shift unit layer (2), of the direct current bias line plate (15), and the direct current bias lines are connected with the bias line connecting through holes (13).

5. The low-cost multi-bit digital phased array antenna of claim 1, further comprising: the 90-degree phase shift unit layer (2) comprises a dielectric plate, a metal grounding layer is laid on one side of the dielectric plate facing the 180-degree phase shift unit layer (1), a direct current bias line is printed between the metal grounding layer and the 180-degree phase shift unit layer (1),

one surface of the dielectric plate, which faces the 45-degree phase shift unit layer (3), is printed with a 90-degree phase shifter (21), and the 90-degree phase shifter (21) is printed with a lumped element;

the dielectric plate is provided with a metalized through hole, the 90-degree phase shifter (21) is connected with the metal grounding layer through the metalized through hole,

and radio frequency signal transmission holes are formed in the centers of the metal grounding layer and the dielectric plate, and radio frequency signal transmission structures with upper ends extending to the centers of the radiation patches (11) of the 180-degree phase shift unit layers (1) are arranged in the radio frequency signal transmission holes.

6. The low-cost multi-bit digital phased array antenna of claim 5, wherein: and a direct current bias plate is laid on the metal grounding layer, and the direct current bias lines are printed on one surface of the direct current bias plate facing the 180-degree phase shift unit layer (1).

7. The low-cost multi-bit digital phased array antenna of claim 1, further comprising: the 45-degree phase shift unit layer (3) comprises a dielectric plate, a 45-degree phase shifter (31) is paved on the dielectric plate towards the 90-degree phase shift unit layer (2), a lumped element is printed in the 45-degree phase shifter (31),

a metal grounding layer and a direct current bias plate are laid below the dielectric plate, a direct current bias line is printed on the direct current bias plate, a bias line through hole is formed through the dielectric plate, the metal grounding layer and the dielectric plate, and the direct current bias line is connected with the center of the 45-degree phase shifter (31) through the bias line through hole;

metallized holes are further formed through the dielectric plate, the metal grounding layer and the dielectric plate, and one end of the 45-degree phase shifter (31) penetrates through the metallized holes through a metal wire.