CN211785257U - Experimental device for measuring convective mass transfer coefficient - Google Patents

Experimental device for measuring convective mass transfer coefficient Download PDF

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CN211785257U
CN211785257U CN202020156927.5U CN202020156927U CN211785257U CN 211785257 U CN211785257 U CN 211785257U CN 202020156927 U CN202020156927 U CN 202020156927U CN 211785257 U CN211785257 U CN 211785257U
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water tank
thermocouple sensor
closed
open
open water
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宁浩然
郝小礼
陈世强
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Hunan University of Science and Technology
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Hunan University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of heat and mass exchange instruments and discloses an experimental device for measuring convective mass transfer coefficients, wherein the left end of an experimental console is provided with an open water tank, and the right end of the experimental console is provided with a closed water tank; a closed water tank heating pipe is fixed on the closed water tank through an electric heating pipe mounting hole; a thermocouple sensor and a water temperature control thermocouple sensor are fixed in the closed water tank through bolts, an open water tank heating pipe is fixed on the open water tank through an electric heating pipe mounting hole, and the open water tank heating pipe is connected with an experiment console through a lead; a thermocouple sensor and a water temperature control thermocouple sensor are fixed in the open water tank through bolts. The utility model can obtain accurate convection mass transfer coefficient, and the device has great energy-saving potential in life and can save water; the method can enable professionals to understand the theoretical knowledge of the transmission more deeply in the professional aspect, is more convenient for calculating the transmission, and has reference significance.

Description

Experimental device for measuring convective mass transfer coefficient
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of heat and mass exchange apparatus, especially, relate to an experimental apparatus for survey convection current mass transfer coefficient.
Background
At present, the convection mass transfer phenomenon exists in all aspects of life, the convection mass transfer phenomenon of air flowing along the water surface is well known, the water loss rate caused by mass transfer on the water surface is not negligible, and the energy consumed by water evaporation is also an important source of energy consumption. To calculate the mass and heat transfer caused by evaporation on the surface of the water body, the convective mass transfer coefficient must be measured in advance.
The convection mass transfer coefficient of the water surface is not well measured, most of the convection mass transfer coefficient is calculated by theoretical solution and by using an analogy relation and a criterion relation among momentum, heat and mass transfer in heat and mass exchange, and the accuracy of practical application is not met. Meanwhile, the mass transfer coefficient is influenced by parameters such as the wind speed, the temperature and the pressure of the water surface, so that the mass transfer coefficient is difficult to measure in a field actual measurement, and a numerical value which is more accurate to the mass transfer coefficient can be measured only in a specific environment through an experimental device.
In summary, the problems of the prior art are as follows: the measurement process is complex, and an accurate flow quality coefficient cannot be measured; meanwhile, the convection mass transfer coefficient is inaccurate, the water evaporation loss and the heat dissipation loss are difficult to accurately calculate, and the energy waste is increased.
The difficulty of solving the technical problems is as follows: one is the need to accurately simulate the field environmental parameters, including temperature, wind speed, pressure, etc. Secondly, the mass transfer flux needs to be accurately measured, and the parameter of the mass transfer flux is difficult to directly measure and can only be reversely deduced through other ways.
The significance of solving the technical problems is as follows: the method has the advantages that the convective mass transfer coefficient of the water surface is accurately measured, the method has important significance for engineering design calculation including calculation of water evaporation loss of the open water surface, calculation of water supplement amount, design calculation of heating amount of the open water body and the like, and has important effects in guiding industrial and agricultural production and engineering design.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
To the problem that prior art exists, the utility model provides an experimental apparatus for survey convection current mass transfer coefficient.
The utility model is realized in such a way that the experimental device for measuring the convective mass transfer coefficient is provided with an experimental control table, the left end of the experimental control table is provided with an open water tank, and the right end of the experimental control table is provided with a closed water tank;
a closed water tank heating pipe is fixed on the closed water tank through an electric heating pipe mounting hole and is connected with an experiment console through a lead; a first closed water tank thermocouple sensor, a second closed water tank thermocouple sensor, a third closed water tank thermocouple sensor, a fourth closed water tank thermocouple sensor and a closed water tank water temperature control thermocouple sensor are fixed in the closed water tank through bolts, and the first closed water tank thermocouple sensor, the second closed water tank thermocouple sensor, the third closed water tank thermocouple sensor, the fourth closed water tank thermocouple sensor and the closed water tank water temperature control thermocouple sensor are connected with an experiment control console through electric signals;
an open water tank heating pipe is fixed on the open water tank through an electric heating pipe mounting hole and is connected with an experiment console through a lead; a first open water tank thermocouple sensor, a second open water tank thermocouple sensor, a third open water tank thermocouple sensor, a fourth open water tank thermocouple sensor and an open water tank water temperature control thermocouple sensor are fixed in the open water tank through bolts, and the first open water tank thermocouple sensor, the second open water tank thermocouple sensor, the third open water tank thermocouple sensor, the fourth open water tank thermocouple sensor and the open water tank water temperature control thermocouple sensor are connected with an experiment control console through electric signals;
the utility model discloses the bottom of the normal water tank is equipped with electric heating pipe, is equipped with five thermocouple sensors that mark the figure respectively in every basin aquatic, is equipped with a thermocouple sensor respectively in the middle of two basins and is used for showing control cabinet temperature control temperature, and all the other four are placed and are used for measuring the temperature in four different positions in the basin.
The utility model utilizes two water tanks with the same volume and size, one is closed, the other is opened, the same heating temperature is set, and the latent heat dissipation capacity of the opened water tank is obtained through the power consumption difference of the electric heater; according to the average temperature of the surface of the open water tank, the latent heat of vaporization of water vapor at the temperature can be checked so as to calculate the convection quality of the open water tank, and the natural convection mass transfer coefficient of the surface of the water body can be obtained through a formula only by simply measuring the air temperature and the dew point temperature; the utility model discloses the experiment platform design is succinct, and convenient operation calculates the accuracy, both can measure natural convection mass transfer coefficient, can measure again and force convection mass transfer coefficient.
Further, the closed water tank and the open water tank are respectively connected with a water inlet valve through a guide pipe, and the water inlet valve is arranged on the water inlet pipe;
the lower ends of the closed water tank and the open water tank are respectively connected with a water drain valve through a guide pipe, and the water drain valve is connected with a water outlet pipe.
The water inlet valve and the water outlet valve are arranged to control water inlet and outlet.
Furthermore, a liquid viewing pipe is embedded at the left end of the closed water tank, a rubber pad is arranged between the upper cover of the closed water tank and the tank body, and heat insulation foam is arranged around the tank body of the closed water tank;
the left end of the open water tank is embedded with a liquid viewing pipe, the periphery of the box body of the open water tank is provided with heat insulation foam, and a rubber pad is arranged between the upper cover of the open water tank and the box body.
The liquid observing tube is arranged, so that the water level in the water tank can be observed; and the heat insulation foam and the rubber pad are arranged at the closed part and around to insulate heat, so that the optimal effect of the experiment is ensured.
Furthermore, liquid level meter interfaces are respectively arranged on the closed water tank and the open water tank, and liquid level meters are inserted on the liquid level meter interfaces; the left end of the open water tank is provided with a cross-flow fan, and the right end of the open water tank is provided with an air outlet.
By providing a fan, the flow rate of air over the open sink surface can be controlled.
Further, the experiment console is connected with the dew point temperature measuring instrument through a data line.
The dew point temperature measuring instrument is arranged to measure the air state.
To sum up, the utility model discloses an advantage and positive effect do: the utility model discloses the experiment platform operating procedure is simple and convenient, and the measurement process is simple, only needs to set up required temperature simply and adjusts fan speed switch, and is convenient and accurate in the aspect of data reading record, through the automatic output current of computer, voltage, power and power consumption isoparametric, the temperature is measured by thermocouple sensor, need not artificial measurement and estimation, and the water of basin is connected with the running water pipeline, can freely discharge water and supply water, invests in for a short time; meanwhile, the invention can obtain an accurate convective mass transfer coefficient, help designers accurately calculate the water evaporation capacity of the water surface, accurately determine the latent heat dissipation capacity of the water surface, reasonably design a water replenishing device, reasonably design a heating device and help to save energy consumption and water resource consumption. The device can also be used for student experiment teaching, helps students to better understand the heat and mass exchange principle and master the convective mass transfer coefficient determination method.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an experimental apparatus for determining convective mass transfer coefficient provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a structure of a closed water tank according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of an open water tank according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of an air outlet structure provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a mounting hole structure of an electrical heating tube according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic top view of the enclosed water tank according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of an installation structure of an electric heating tube installation hole provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of an interface structure of a liquid level meter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a control box according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. an experiment console; 2. closing the water tank; 3. opening the water tank; 4. a first closed sink thermocouple sensor; 5. a second closed sink thermocouple sensor; 6. a third closed sump thermocouple sensor; 7. A fourth closed sink thermocouple sensor; 8. a closed water tank water temperature control thermocouple sensor; 9. a first open sink thermocouple sensor; 10. a second open sink thermocouple sensor; 11. a third open sink thermocouple sensor; 12. a fourth open sink thermocouple sensor; 13. opening a water tank water temperature control thermocouple sensor; 14. a water inlet valve; 15. a water drain valve; 16. sealing the water tank heating pipe; 17. an open water tank heating pipe; 18. a thermal insulating foam; 19. a rubber pad; 20. a liquid viewing tube; 21. a water tank fan; 22. a dew point temperature measuring instrument; 23. a water inlet pipe; 24. a water outlet pipe; 25. a liquid viewing tube mounting position; 26. an air outlet; 27. mounting holes for electric heating tubes; 28. a liquid level meter interface.
Detailed Description
In order to further understand the contents, features and effects of the present invention, the following embodiments are illustrated and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
To the problem that prior art exists, the utility model provides an experimental apparatus for survey convection current mass transfer coefficient, it is right to combine the figure below the utility model discloses do detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1-9, the experimental apparatus for measuring convective mass transfer coefficient provided by the embodiment of the present invention is provided with an experimental console 1, the left end of the experimental console 1 is provided with an open water tank 3, and the right end of the experimental console 1 is provided with a closed water tank 2.
The closed water tank 2 and the open water tank 3 are connected to a feed valve 14 through a pipe, respectively, and the feed valve 14 is provided on a feed pipe 23.
The lower ends of the closed water tank 2 and the open water tank 3 are respectively connected with a drain valve 15 through a conduit, and the drain valve 15 is connected with a water outlet pipe 24 through a conduit.
The closed water tank 2 is fixed with a closed water tank heating pipe 16 through an electric heating pipe mounting hole 27, and the closed water tank heating pipe 16 is connected with an experiment console through a conducting wire. A first closed water tank thermocouple sensor 4, a second closed water tank thermocouple sensor 5, a third closed water tank thermocouple sensor 6, a fourth closed water tank thermocouple sensor 7 and a closed water tank water temperature control thermocouple sensor 8 are fixed inside the closed water tank 2 through bolts, and the first closed water tank thermocouple sensor 4, the second closed water tank thermocouple sensor 5, the third closed water tank thermocouple sensor 6, the fourth closed water tank thermocouple sensor 7 and the closed water tank water temperature control thermocouple sensor 8 are connected with the experiment console 1 through electric signals.
An open water tank heating pipe 17 is fixed on the open water tank 3 through an electric heating pipe mounting hole 27, and the open water tank heating pipe 17 is connected with an experiment console through a conducting wire. The first open water tank thermocouple sensor 9, the second open water tank thermocouple sensor 10, the third open water tank thermocouple sensor 11, the fourth open water tank thermocouple sensor 12 and the open water tank water temperature control thermocouple sensor 13 are fixed in the open water tank 3 through bolts, and the first open water tank thermocouple sensor 9, the second open water tank thermocouple sensor 10, the third open water tank thermocouple sensor 11, the fourth open water tank thermocouple sensor 12 and the open water tank water temperature control thermocouple sensor 13 are connected with the experiment control board 1 through electric signals.
A liquid viewing tube 20 is embedded at the left end of the closed water tank 2, a rubber pad 19 is arranged between the upper cover and the tank body of the closed water tank 2, and heat insulation foam 18 is arranged around the tank body of the closed water tank 2.
A liquid viewing tube 20 is embedded at the left end of the open water tank 3, heat insulation foam 18 is arranged around the box body of the open water tank 3, and a rubber pad 19 is arranged between the upper cover and the box body of the open water tank 3.
The closed water tank 2 and the open water tank 3 are respectively provided with a liquid level meter interface 28, and a liquid level meter is inserted on the liquid level meter interface 28; the left end of the open water tank is provided with a fan 21, and the right end is provided with an air outlet 26.
The open water tank fan 21 is a cross-flow fan, and is connected with a control experiment table to control the fan to start and stop and the change condition of the wind speed.
The experiment console 1 is connected with a dew point temperature measuring instrument 22 through a data line.
The experiment console is provided with a power switch, a fan switch (a fan speed regulation button), an emergency stop switch, a temperature monitoring system (setting the water temperature to be reached and controlling the real-time heating temperature and the heat preservation temperature of the water tank), an electric heating system (the heating power is respectively 5kW and 10kW), a computer and a data acquisition system (the data acquisition system can define the metering time by user and read the metering data in real time), and a total power consumption recorder and a real-time power consumption recorder of two water tanks are arranged in the experiment console; when the experiment is carried out, the real-time power consumption recorder can record the power consumption of the whole experiment process in real time, and the total power consumption recorder records the total power consumption consumed by all the carried out experiments.
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific operating principles and specific applications.
In the experimental device for the convection mass transfer coefficient, the water temperatures of the two water tanks are heated to the same temperature through the electric heater, then the heat preservation is carried out, the time is measured in a user-defined mode, the electric consumption of the two water tanks in the period is tested, and only sensible heat exchange is carried out between the closed water tank and the ambient air, so that the electric heating power of the closed water tank is the sensible heat dissipation capacity of the closed water tank. The sensible heat transfer capacity of the open water tank and the ambient air is equal to the sensible heat exchange capacity of the closed water tank, so the latent heat dissipation capacity of the open water tank is the power difference of the open water tank and the closed water tank, the convection quality of the open water tank can be calculated, the water surface saturated steam pressure at the temperature is obtained by searching the average temperature of the surface of the open water tank, and the saturated air moisture content d at the temperature can be calculated through a formula according to the saturated pressuresThen, the dew point temperature measuring instrument is utilized to measure the state of the air to be fed, the dry bulb temperature and the dew point temperature of the air are obtained, and the enthalpy-humidity diagram is checked to obtain the moisture content d of the water vapor in the airaThe difference between the moisture content in the saturated air at the surface of the water bath and the moisture content in the surrounding air can then be calculated. And finally, inversely calculating the mass transfer coefficient of the surface of the open water tank according to a convection mass transfer calculation formula. The water surface of the open water tank is also provided with a cross-flow fan for controlling the water surfaceThe air flow rate of the air flow system is used for simulating the forced convection state, and the same principle can be used for calculating the forced convection mass transfer coefficient.
The utility model discloses an operation method does: firstly, closing the drain valves 15 of the two water tanks, and opening the water inlet valves 14 on the water inlet main pipe and the branch pipe in a closed state; the water inlet valve is opened, water is respectively added into the closed water tank 2 and the open water tank 3 through the water inlet pipe 23, and the water level in the liquid observing pipe 20 is observed; when water is added to the specified level, the two water tank inlet valves 14 are closed simultaneously to ensure that the water volumes of the two water tanks are the same.
And secondly, turning on a power switch, turning on the power switch, turning on a temperature monitoring system, debugging the controlled water temperature through keys on the monitoring system, setting the control temperatures of the water temperatures of the two water tanks, controlling the water temperatures of the two water tanks to be the same, and displaying the real-time water temperature control temperature of the console through a closed water tank water temperature control thermocouple sensor 8 and an open water tank water temperature control thermocouple sensor 13. Open the computer, can set up through data acquisition system software and record the experimental data step length, data acquisition system is total 14 record passageways, corresponds four different position sensor record temperature of closed basin 2 respectively, opens four different position sensor record temperature of basin 3, and closed basin 2 heating current, voltage and power open 3 electric currents in basin, voltage and power, and acquisition system can read the storage data automatically.
And thirdly, starting an electric heating system (two groups of heating power of 5kW and 10kW can be selected), and carrying out temperature rise treatment on the two water tanks in an opening state by a power switch. When the experiment is started, the water temperature is low, two groups of electric heaters can be started, and after the water temperature is close to the set temperature, one group of electric heaters is started. During heating, the closed water tank cover is sealed, the open water tank cover is opened, and the number of the groups of the electric heaters which are simultaneously opened by the two water tanks is kept equal, so that the heating process is compared.
And fourthly, keeping the water temperatures of the two water tanks constant after the set water temperature is reached, setting the numerical value change time through a data acquisition system, wherein the time step length is set to be 3 minutes every 3 minutes, and the time step length and the measurement time can be freely changed. The power consumption and the power consumption of each water tank are recorded, the air temperature and the dew point temperature around the water tank and the average temperature of the surface of the water body of the open water tank 3 are recorded by the dew point temperature meter 22, the synchronous operation of the experiments must be ensured, and the number of data recording groups can be freely determined.
And step five, turning off a power switch, turning off a power supply of the electric heater, turning off a power switch, and stopping the experiment.
And sixthly, after the experiment is finished, the water inlet valves 14 of the two water tanks are still closed, the water drain valves 15 of the two water tanks are opened, the water drain valves are opened, and residual water in the tanks is drained.
And seventhly, when testing the forced convection mass transfer coefficient, the operation steps of the first three steps are consistent with those of natural convection calculation, after the set water temperature is reached, firstly, a fan switch is turned on, the fan is turned on, the air speed is adjusted through a rotary button, forced convection is formed on the surface of the open water tank, and the simulation of the turbulent flow state is completed. The value change time is set by the data acquisition system, where it is assumed that the time step is set to 3 minutes every 3 minutes, and the time step and the measured time can be freely changed. The power consumption of each water tank is recorded, the ambient air temperature and the dew point temperature of the water tank and the average temperature of the surface of the water body of the open water tank are recorded by a dew point temperature measuring instrument, the synchronous operation of the experiments must be ensured, and the number of data recording groups can be freely determined. The fifth step and the sixth step are identical to the previous ones.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and all the modifications and equivalents of the technical spirit of the present invention to any simple modifications of the above embodiments are within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. An experimental device for measuring the convective mass transfer coefficient is characterized in that the experimental device for measuring the convective mass transfer coefficient is provided with:
an experiment console;
an open water tank is arranged at the left end of the experiment control table, and a closed water tank is arranged at the right end of the experiment control table;
a closed water tank heating pipe is fixed on the closed water tank through an electric heating pipe mounting hole and is connected with an experiment console through a lead; a first closed water tank thermocouple sensor, a second closed water tank thermocouple sensor, a third closed water tank thermocouple sensor, a fourth closed water tank thermocouple sensor and a closed water tank water temperature control thermocouple sensor are fixed in the closed water tank through bolts, and the first closed water tank thermocouple sensor, the second closed water tank thermocouple sensor, the third closed water tank thermocouple sensor, the fourth closed water tank thermocouple sensor and the closed water tank water temperature control thermocouple sensor are connected with an experiment control console through electric signals;
an open water tank heating pipe is fixed on the open water tank through an electric heating pipe mounting hole and is connected with an experiment console through a lead; a first open water tank thermocouple sensor, a second open water tank thermocouple sensor, a third open water tank thermocouple sensor, a fourth open water tank thermocouple sensor and an open water tank water temperature control thermocouple sensor are fixed in the open water tank through bolts, and the first open water tank thermocouple sensor, the second open water tank thermocouple sensor, the third open water tank thermocouple sensor, the fourth open water tank thermocouple sensor and the open water tank water temperature control thermocouple sensor are connected with an experiment console through electric signals.
2. The experimental apparatus for determining convective mass transfer coefficient of claim 1, wherein said closed water tank and said open water tank are connected with a water inlet valve through a conduit respectively, the water inlet valve is disposed on the water inlet pipe;
the lower ends of the closed water tank and the open water tank are respectively connected with a drain valve through a guide pipe, and the drain valve is connected with a water outlet pipe through a guide pipe.
3. The experimental apparatus for measuring convective mass transfer coefficient as claimed in claim 1, wherein the left end of the closed water tank is embedded with a sight tube, a rubber pad is arranged between the upper cover and the box body of the closed water tank, and heat insulation foam is arranged around the box body of the closed water tank.
4. The experimental apparatus for measuring convective mass transfer coefficient of claim 1, wherein the left end of the open water tank is embedded with a liquid viewing tube, the periphery of the box body of the open water tank is provided with heat insulation foam, and a rubber pad is arranged between the upper cover and the box body of the open water tank.
5. The experimental apparatus for determining convective mass transfer coefficient of claim 1, wherein the closed water tank and the open water tank are respectively provided with a liquid level meter interface, and a liquid level meter is inserted on the liquid level meter interface; the left end of the open water tank is provided with a cross-flow fan, and the right end of the open water tank is provided with an air outlet.
6. The experimental apparatus for determining convective mass transfer coefficients of claim 1, wherein said experimental console is connected to a dew point temperature measuring instrument via a data line.
CN202020156927.5U 2020-02-10 2020-02-10 Experimental device for measuring convective mass transfer coefficient Active CN211785257U (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111272807A (en) * 2020-02-10 2020-06-12 湖南科技大学 Experimental system and method for measuring convective mass transfer coefficient

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111272807A (en) * 2020-02-10 2020-06-12 湖南科技大学 Experimental system and method for measuring convective mass transfer coefficient
CN111272807B (en) * 2020-02-10 2024-10-15 湖南科技大学 Experiment system and method for measuring convection mass transfer coefficient

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