CN211785129U - Broadband ODMR signal detection device based on frequency multiplication - Google Patents
Broadband ODMR signal detection device based on frequency multiplication Download PDFInfo
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- CN211785129U CN211785129U CN201922178253.9U CN201922178253U CN211785129U CN 211785129 U CN211785129 U CN 211785129U CN 201922178253 U CN201922178253 U CN 201922178253U CN 211785129 U CN211785129 U CN 211785129U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a wide band ODMR signal detection device based on doubling of frequency, include: the device comprises a microwave generator, a microwave switch (including a load), a frequency doubling amplification device group, a PCB (including a sample material), an electromagnet, a confocal optical path device group, a single photon detector, a data acquisition card and a computer (including a time sequence card). The microwave sequence is provided through a microwave generator, a microwave switch and a frequency doubling amplifying device group, the pump light is provided through a confocal light path device group, the fluorescence signal is collected and enters a single photon detector, a data acquisition card and a computer in sequence, and therefore ODMR signal detection of the sample material is achieved. At present, microwave generator's output frequency and microwave switch's operating frequency and mode can't satisfy wide band section ODMR signal detection's demand on the market, the utility model discloses based on frequency doubling amplification device group, can realize 500MHz-10 GHz's wide band ODMR signal detection, have characteristics such as detectable ODMR signal frequency range is big, the material is many, extensive applicability, scalability is strong.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a quantum optics field, concretely relates to wide band ODMR signal detection device based on doubling of frequency.
Background
The basic principle of ODMR is to detect the spin level structure of a fluorescence color center by detecting the intensity change degree of fluorescence of a sample when a microwave signal and the cleavage level of a sample material resonate. The most studied diamond NV colour centre will be further explained below.
FIG. 2 is an ODMR schematic of a diamond NV color center (Eur. Phys. J.D (2015)69: 166.). As shown in FIGS. 2-b and 2-c, the NV color center has two spin triplet energy levels, ground state F and excited state E, respectively, each of which is split into m according to electron spin s0 and msTwo energy levels of ± 1, wherein msThe plus or minus 1 is degenerate energy level without magnetic field, but produces Zeeman effect under the action of external magnetic field to split the energy level into m s1 and msTwo energy levels-1. The external magnetic field mentioned here may be from the magnetic field actively applied by experimenters or from external noise such as the earth magnetic field, so msGenerally, a small cleave results at + -1, which is more pronounced under an actively applied magnetic field. It is also worth emphasizing that,as shown in fig. 2-a, the magnetic field that can produce zeeman-splitting is the component of the magnetic field that is parallel to the N-V axis.
When a pump light (532nm) is applied to the NV color center, the carriers are from m of the ground statesM-0 excited to a high energy state (green arrow) and radiationless transition back to the excited statesAfter a transition back to the ground state m (black arrow)s0 and fluoresced (red arrow). Likewise, for excited state m s1 and ground state msThere is a similar cycle between + -1, however, a metastable state M still exists due to the NV color center, and MsThe ratio M between the + -1 energy level and the metastable state M s0 stronger coupling to metastable state M, so when the carrier is in excited state MsAt + -1, there is a greater probability of making a radiationless transition to the metastable state M (black arrow), thereby reducing Ms± 1 cycle of fluorescence emission intensity. Thus msThe fluorescent luminous intensity of the cycle is +/-1 to m s0 cycles are much weaker, so that when a frequency v is added to the NV centre0Ground state m by microwave of 2.88GHz s0 and ground state msResonance is generated when m is + -1, so that m iss0 and msThe charge carrier population changes to + -1, which changes m s0 and msThe total emitted fluorescence intensity also changes due to the number of carriers in ± 1 cycle.
However, when considering that m is added with external magnetic fieldsThe energy level of ± 1 generates a split, and the resonant microwave frequency is no longer 2.88GHz, but becomes two resonant frequencies centered at 2.88GHz in relation to the magnitude of the external magnetic field. For example, the NV color center Zeeman splitting is about 28MHz/mT, so that the ODMR resonance frequency is 2.88GHz + -0.28 GHz, i.e. 2.60GHz and 3.16GHz when the N-V parallel component of the external magnetic field is 10 mT. In the experiment, the frequency of the input microwave signal is changed, whether the fluorescence intensity emitted by the sample material changes or not is detected, so that whether resonance occurs or not is judged, and the magnitude of an external magnetic field is calculated according to the magnitude of the resonance frequency, namely, the magnetic resonance is optically detected.
ODMR of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is discussed further below.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a defect level structure (arXiv:1906.03774(2019)) of hBN, as well as a change in fluorescence intensity by applying a microwave signal to redistribute the charge carrier population over two emission cycles, with a resonant center wavelength of about 3.48GHz for hBN.
FIGS. 4 and 5 are theoretical predicted hBN defect energy level structure diagrams (Phys. Rev. B97, 064101(2018)) in the literature, together with theoretically possible defect structures and energy levels in 9, wherein V is represented in FIG. 4BCNThe type defect energy level has a ground state triplet structure and the energy level difference is 7.15GHz, so the type defect energy level can generate an ODMR signal with the central frequency of 7.15 GHz. V represented in FIG. 5NCBThe type defect energy level has a metastable state triplet structure, and the energy level difference is 8.6GHz, so the type defect energy level can generate an ODMR signal with the central frequency of 8.6 GHz. These color center defects can be used as qubits, in the important field of quantum computing such as quantum storage. However, both defects exceed the upper limit of the detection frequency of the un-frequency-doubled ODMR by 5GHz, and a detection means of a visible high-frequency ODMR signal is necessary.
Further, the above mentioned ODMR signal frequency range is from 2.88GHz of diamond NV color center to 8.6GHz of hBN, and there are more unknown materials or unknown defect energy levels of known materials in the future, their energy level structures are unknown, and the possible ODMR signal frequencies are unknown, so that a broadband ODMR detection means is extremely important, which helps us systematically detect ODMR signals of a certain material.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
Problems to be solved
The to-be-solved technical problem of the utility model is to use current microwave generator and microwave switch will unable ODMR signal of surveying broad frequency range to the material kind and the material ODMR signal kind that can surveyed are limited.
(II) technical scheme
In order to solve the above technical problem, the utility model provides a frequency multiplication-based broadband ODMR signal detection device, which comprises a microwave generator, a microwave switch, a frequency multiplication amplification device group, a PCB, an electromagnet, a confocal optical path device group, a single photon detector, a data acquisition card and a computer;
the microwave generator is used for sending out a microwave signal;
the microwave switch comprises a load and is used for receiving microwave signals and selecting whether to transmit the microwave signals according to a time sequence sent by a computer;
the frequency multiplication amplifying device group consists of a preamplifier A1, a frequency multiplication element and a post amplifier A2, wherein microwave signals enter the frequency multiplication element after being amplified by A1, and are amplified for the second time by A2 after frequency multiplication;
the PCB is used for bearing a sample material to be detected and adding an accessed microwave signal to the sample material;
the electromagnet is used for providing a magnetic field for the sample material so as to generate Zeeman effect energy level splitting;
the confocal light path device group consists of a 532nm laser, an optical coupler, two filters, a beam splitter and an objective lens, wherein pump light generated by the laser is focused on a sample material of the PCB through the optical filter, the beam splitter and the objective lens, and fluorescence generated by the sample and modulated by a microwave signal returns to the other path through the objective lens and the beam splitter and then enters the coupler through the optical filter;
the single-photon detector is used for detecting a fluorescence signal transmitted by the confocal optical path device group;
the data acquisition card is used for counting the photons detected by the single photon detector according to the time sequence;
the computer comprises a time sequence card and is used for generating a time sequence to the microwave switch and the data acquisition card on the one hand and receiving a counting result of the data acquisition card on the other hand.
According to the specific implementation mode of the utility model, the brand model of the microwave generator is SSG-6000RC of Mini-Circuits, and the output frequency range is 25MHz-6000 MHz; the brand model of the microwave switch is ZASWA-2-50DRA + of Mini-Circuits, and the working frequency is DC-5000 MHz; the preamplifier A1 is ZX60-6013E + of Mini-Circuits, and the working frequency is 20MHz-6000 MHz; the frequency doubling element is CY2-143+ of Mini-Circuits in brand model, the input frequency is 2000MHz-7000MHz, and the output frequency is 4000MHz-14000 MHz; the post-amplifier A2 is ZVA-183G + of Mini-Circuits, and the working frequency is 500MHz-18000 MHz. Therefore, the detectable ODMR signal range is changed from 25MHz-5000MHz to 4000MHz-10000MHz through the frequency doubling amplifying device; on the other hand, if the microwave switch is not connected with a frequency doubling element, but is directly connected with the amplifier A2 through a non-frequency doubling amplifying circuit, the microwave signal output of 500MHz-5000MHz can be obtained, and therefore the broadband ODMR signal detection of 500MHz-10000MHz is integrally realized.
According to the specific embodiment of the utility model, the microwave signal input to the sample material is realized by placing the sample material on the PCB; the electromagnet is used for holding the magnetic field of the sample material, so that the Zeeman effect energy level splitting of the sample material is realized.
According to the utility model discloses a specific embodiment, confocal light path device can be on the sample material fixed point pumping arouses fluorescence, fixed point collection fluorescence.
According to the specific embodiment of the present invention, the beam splitter in the confocal optical path apparatus mainly transmits the pump light and reflects the signal fluorescence; the optical filter 1 mainly transmits pump light and reflects signal fluorescence; the optical filter 2 mainly transmits signal fluorescence and reflects pump light.
According to the utility model discloses a specific embodiment, through single photon detector with data acquisition card realizes that the intensity of signal fluorescence is surveyed.
According to the utility model discloses a specific embodiment, the computer to the microwave switch sends the switching time sequence, and positive level is marked as on, and negative level is marked as off.
According to the utility model discloses a concrete implementation mode, the microwave switch receives and transmits microwave signal for the follow-up when on frequency multiplication amplification device group gives up microwave signal in losing the load when receiving the off.
According to the specific embodiment of the present invention, when the time-series signal sent by the computer is on, the fluorescence intensity of the signal sent by the sample material on the PCB board is modulated by the microwave signal; when the time sequence signal sent by the computer is off, the fluorescence intensity of the signal sent by the sample material on the PCB is not modulated by the microwave signal.
According to the embodiment of the present invention, the data acquisition card respectively counts two sets of counting data when the time series signal is on and off, and compares the difference of the fluorescence signal intensity when on and off through counting for a plurality of times.
(III) advantageous effects
The utility model discloses compare with current ODMR signal detection device and have following advantage:
the utility model discloses a 500MHz-10000 MHz's wide band ODMR signal detection to can survey the ODMR signal of more various materials (diamond NV color center, hBN etc.) and the more defect energy levels of certain material (8.6 GHz as hBN) systematically.
Compare in combining to use low-frequency range and high frequency channel and microwave generator, the utility model discloses ingenious direct realization from lower 500MHz to higher 10000 MHz's wide band section through the doubling of frequency surveys. On the other hand, the upper limit of the frequency of the microwave switch which can be controlled by a digital signal instead of a mechanical control is limited, for example, the time sequence is required to be 100us of on periodic signals and 100us of off periodic signals, and the upper limit of the working frequency of the available microwave switch is 5000 MHz. Therefore, the utility model has the characteristics of ingenious practicality and low cost.
Further, expand into the frequency multiplication component and become components such as frequency tripling, quadruple frequency, can realize wider range ODMR signal detection, consequently the utility model discloses still have scalability's advantage.
Drawings
In order to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention more clearly, the drawings that are needed in the description will be briefly introduced, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a specific circuit diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an ODMR schematic of a diamond NV color center (Eur. Phys. J.D (2015)69: 166.);
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a certain defect level structure of hBN (arXIv:1906.03774 (2019));
FIG. 4 shows a theoretical prediction of a certain V of hBNBCNType defect level structure diagram (phys. rev. b 97,064101 (2018));
FIG. 5 shows a theoretical prediction of a certain V of hBNNCBType defect level structure diagram (phys. rev. b 97,064101 (2018));
FIG. 6 is an experimental plot of ODMR signal contrast versus microwave frequency for the hBN defect levels shown in FIG. 3;
FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram for detecting microwave frequency-doubled signals;
FIG. 8 shows the peak of 4GHz fundamental frequency signal measured by the spectrum analyzer;
FIG. 9 shows the 8GHz frequency-doubled signal peak measured by the spectrum analyzer;
fig. 10 is an experimental graph of frequency multiplication signal power and frequency multiplication frequency.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a schematic diagram of a frequency-doubling-based wideband ODMR signal detection device as shown in fig. 1, which includes a microwave generator, a microwave switch (including a load), a frequency-doubling amplifier, a PCB (including a sample material to be detected), an electromagnet, a confocal optical path device, a single photon detector, a data acquisition card, and a computer (including a timing card); the microwave generator is used for sending out a microwave signal; the microwave switch is used for receiving microwave signals and selecting whether to transmit the microwave signals according to a time sequence sent by the computer; the frequency multiplication amplifying device group consists of a preamplifier A1, a frequency multiplication element and a post amplifier A2, wherein microwave signals enter the frequency multiplication element after being amplified by A1, and are amplified for the second time by A2 after frequency multiplication; the PCB is used for bearing a sample material to be detected and adding an accessed microwave signal to the sample material; the electromagnet is used for providing a magnetic field for the sample material so as to generate Zeeman effect energy level splitting; the confocal light path device group consists of a 532nm laser, an optical coupler, two filters, a beam splitter and an objective lens, wherein pump light generated by the laser is focused on a sample material of the PCB through the optical filter, the beam splitter and the objective lens, and fluorescence (modulated by microwave signals) generated by the sample returns to the other path through the objective lens and the beam splitter and then enters the coupler through the optical filter; the single-photon detector is used for detecting a fluorescence signal transmitted by the confocal optical path device group; the data acquisition card is used for counting the photons detected by the single photon detector according to the time sequence; the computer is used for generating a time sequence to the microwave switch and the data acquisition card on the one hand and receiving a counting result of the data acquisition card on the other hand.
This embodiment will detect the ODMR signal of the hBN defect level given in fig. 3. The microwave frequency input to the sample material was swept from 3000MHz to 4000MHz, spaced at 2MHz, and the fluorescence intensity signal of the sample was collected for each microwave frequency. The time sequence card generates on cycle signals with the time sequence of 100us and off cycle signals with the time sequence of 100us, the data acquisition card respectively measures fluorescence intensity once at each on and each off, 5000 on signals and 5000 off signals are measured within 1s, and then C (Sigma off-Sigma on)/(Sigma off) is calculated, namely the sum of the fluorescence intensities measured by all off signals is subtracted by the sum of the fluorescence intensities measured by all on signals and then divided by the sum of the fluorescence intensities measured by all off signals, and the expression represents the contrast ratio of the ODMR signals. If C is 0, the fluorescence intensity of the sample material at on and off is not different, and an ODMR signal is not generated; a larger C indicates a larger difference between the fluorescence intensities at on and off, and the ODMR signal becomes more significant. The ODMR contrast data corresponding to each microwave frequency was measured at room temperature without an external electromagnetic field, and a scattergram was drawn and fitted with the microwave frequency (MHz) as the abscissa and the ODMR signal contrast measured at each microwave frequency as the ordinate, with the result shown in fig. 6. Two ODMR signal peaks can be seen, and if the central frequencies of the two peaks are respectively determined by Lorentzian line fitting, namely v 1-3424.1923 MHz +/-0.63093 MHz and v 2-3545.15388 MHz +/-0.80282 MHz, (v1+ v 2)/2-3484.67309 MHz +/-0.716875 MHz, the theoretical central frequency is 3.48 GHz.
Here, the present embodiment further provides a detection of the microwave frequency-doubled signal generated by the frequency-doubled amplifying device set, so as to illustrate the authenticity and effectiveness of the frequency-doubled amplifying device set. The circuit diagram for detecting the microwave frequency-doubled signal is shown in fig. 7, and the microwave frequency-doubled signal comes out from the post-amplifier a2 and then enters the attenuator for power matching of the spectrum analyzer and the spectrum analyzer for spectrum analysis. Taking a fundamental frequency signal of 4GHz and a frequency doubling signal of 8GHz as an example, the microwave generator generates a 4GHz signal, and the 4GHz signal is frequency-doubled and then enters the spectrum analyzer, and the measured 4GHz fundamental frequency signal peak and 8GHz frequency doubling signal peak are shown in fig. 8 and fig. 9. On the other hand, by changing the fundamental frequency, the frequency spectrum analyzer is used to measure the intensity of the frequency-doubled signal at different frequencies, and then the known power attenuation multiple of the attenuator (the attenuation multiple at different frequencies is different, and is different from 15dBm to 30 dBm), the intensity of the frequency-doubled signal from the post-amplifier a2, that is, the intensity of the microwave frequency-doubled signal directly applied to the sample material, is obtained by conversion. A graph having a frequency doubling frequency (GHz) as an abscissa and a frequency doubling signal power (dBm) after conversion as an ordinate is shown in fig. 10, and it can be seen that although the attenuation is generated in a high frequency region, the frequency doubling signal still has a considerable amount of attenuation. Therefore, the utility model discloses can be applied to in the hBN defect that 8.6GHz and 7.15GHz correspond and the detection of multiple other solid-state defect energy levels.
Claims (10)
1. A broadband ODMR signal detection device based on frequency multiplication is characterized in that: the device comprises a microwave generator, a microwave switch, a frequency doubling amplifying device group, a PCB (printed circuit board), an electromagnet, a confocal light path device group, a single-photon detector, a data acquisition card and a computer;
the microwave generator is used for sending out a microwave signal;
the microwave switch comprises a load and is used for receiving microwave signals and selecting whether to transmit the microwave signals according to a time sequence sent by a computer;
the frequency multiplication amplifying device group consists of a preamplifier A1, a frequency multiplication element and a post amplifier A2, wherein microwave signals enter the frequency multiplication element after being amplified by A1, and are amplified for the second time by A2 after frequency multiplication;
the PCB is used for bearing a sample material to be detected and adding an accessed microwave signal to the sample material;
the electromagnet is used for providing a magnetic field for the sample material so as to generate Zeeman effect energy level splitting;
the confocal light path device group consists of a 532nm laser, an optical coupler, two filters, a beam splitter and an objective lens, wherein pump light generated by the laser is focused on a sample material of the PCB through the optical filter, the beam splitter and the objective lens, and fluorescence generated by the sample and modulated by a microwave signal returns to the other path through the objective lens and the beam splitter and then enters the coupler through the optical filter;
the single-photon detector is used for detecting a fluorescence signal transmitted by the confocal optical path device group;
the data acquisition card is used for counting the photons detected by the single photon detector according to the time sequence;
the computer comprises a time sequence card and is used for generating a time sequence to the microwave switch and the data acquisition card on the one hand and receiving a counting result of the data acquisition card on the other hand.
2. The frequency-doubled based wideband ODMR signal detection device according to claim 1, wherein: the brand model of the microwave generator is SSG-6000RC of Mini-Circuits, and the output frequency range is 25MHz-6000 MHz; the brand model of the microwave switch is ZASWA-2-50DRA + of Mini-Circuits, and the working frequency is DC-5000 MHz; the preamplifier A1 is ZX60-6013E + of Mini-Circuits, and the working frequency is 20MHz-6000 MHz; the frequency doubling element is CY2-143+ of Mini-Circuits in brand model, the input frequency is 2000MHz-7000MHz, and the output frequency is 4000MHz-14000 MHz; the post-amplifier A2 has the brand model of ZVA-183G + of Mini-Circuits and the working frequency of 500MHz-18000MHz, so that the detectable ODMR signal range is changed from 25MHz-5000MHz to 4000MHz-10000MHz through a frequency doubling amplifier; on the other hand, if the microwave switch is not connected with a frequency doubling element, but is directly connected with the amplifier A2 through a non-frequency doubling amplifying circuit, the microwave signal output of 500MHz-5000MHz can be obtained, and therefore the broadband ODMR signal detection of 500MHz-10000MHz is integrally realized.
3. The frequency-doubled based wideband ODMR signal detection device according to claim 1, wherein: microwave signal input to the sample material is realized by placing the sample material on the PCB; the electromagnet is used for holding the magnetic field of the sample material, so that the Zeeman effect energy level splitting of the sample material is realized.
4. The frequency-doubled based wideband ODMR signal detection device according to claim 1, wherein: the confocal light path device can inject pump light at a fixed point on a sample material and collect fluorescence at a fixed point.
5. The frequency-doubled based wideband ODMR signal detection device according to claim 1, wherein: the beam splitter in the confocal optical path device mainly transmits pump light and reflects signal fluorescence; the optical filter 1 mainly transmits pump light and reflects signal fluorescence; the optical filter 2 mainly transmits signal fluorescence and reflects pump light.
6. The frequency-doubled based wideband ODMR signal detection device according to claim 1, wherein: and the single photon detector and the data acquisition card are used for realizing the intensity detection of signal fluorescence.
7. The frequency-doubled based wideband ODMR signal detection device according to claim 1, wherein: and the computer sends a switching time sequence to the microwave switch, wherein the positive level is recorded as on, and the negative level is recorded as off.
8. The frequency-doubled based wideband ODMR signal detection device according to claim 1, wherein: and the microwave switch transmits microwave signals to the subsequent frequency multiplication amplifying device group when receiving on, and discards the microwave signals in the load when receiving off.
9. The frequency-doubled based wideband ODMR signal detection device according to claim 1, wherein: when the time sequence signal sent by the computer is on, the fluorescence intensity of the signal sent by the sample material on the PCB is modulated by the microwave signal; when the time sequence signal sent by the computer is off, the fluorescence intensity of the signal sent by the sample material on the PCB is not modulated by the microwave signal.
10. The frequency-doubled based wideband ODMR signal detection device according to claim 1, wherein: the data acquisition card respectively counts two groups of counting data when the time sequence signals are on and off, and compares the intensity difference of the fluorescence signals when the time sequence signals are on and off through multiple counting.
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| CN114676843A (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-06-28 | 电子科技大学 | Hexagonal boron nitride color center qubit and mechanical resonator coupling device and method |
| CN114676843B (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2023-09-22 | 电子科技大学 | Device and method for coupling hexagonal boron nitride color center qubit with mechanical resonator |
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