CN211764940U - Power distribution system and electric automobile - Google Patents
Power distribution system and electric automobile Download PDFInfo
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- CN211764940U CN211764940U CN202020045252.7U CN202020045252U CN211764940U CN 211764940 U CN211764940 U CN 211764940U CN 202020045252 U CN202020045252 U CN 202020045252U CN 211764940 U CN211764940 U CN 211764940U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a power distribution system and an electric automobile, wherein the power distribution system comprises a battery for providing electric energy for a load; the first end of the fuse is connected with the anode of the battery, and the other end of the fuse is connected with the cathode of the battery; fuse state detection device, including resistance detection module and data processing module, resistance detection module is connected with data processing module, and resistance detection module is used for detecting the resistance of fuse and feeds back to data processing module, and data processing module is used for receiving the resistance of fuse and sends the state of fuse, and resistance detection module includes the current source and the voltage sampling module of being connected with the fuse to and the filter module of being connected with voltage sampling module. This application is through when distribution system moves, detect the fuse resistance to the user state of analysis feedback fuse realizes the early warning to the non-trouble fusing phenomenon of fuse, avoids follow-up normal use to appear non-trouble fusing phenomenon, reinforcing distribution system's intellectuality.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an electric automobile safety technical field especially relates to a power distribution system and electric automobile.
Background
The fuse is a circuit protector made by applying the principle that when the current exceeds the specified value, the fuse melts by the heat generated by the fuse, so that the circuit is disconnected. The fuse is divided into a high-voltage fuse and a low-voltage fuse, the high-voltage fuse is used as a short-circuit and overcurrent protection device, and the high-voltage fuse is widely applied to the modern new energy electric automobile with fire and heat as a core component of a protector.
At present, a battery pack for providing electric energy and a battery management system for managing the battery pack are generally included in a power distribution system of a new energy electric vehicle. The battery pack is composed of a plurality of single batteries connected in series and parallel, and in order to prevent damage to the battery pack and a load caused by short circuit, fuses are required to be installed in a power distribution system, wherein a main fuse in the battery pack and branch fuses of branch circuits are mainly arranged. The state of the fuse is not detected in the current technical scheme, and the fuse only shows a normal state and a disconnected state. On the one hand, however, fuses are not in both the normal and open states, and a process of heat accumulation is required for fuse blowing, and the fuse does not completely open when the energy does not reach the critical point. On the other hand, the electric vehicle is an immature system relatively, surge current and impact current are generated under specific conditions, the fuse cannot be fused in a single time or in a few times, actually, the melt of the fuse is damaged, the performance is greatly reduced, the design requirement cannot be met, if the electric vehicle is used again, the phenomenon that the load cannot be normally used occurs when the vehicle is normally used, for example, the vehicle is suddenly unpowered, an air conditioner cannot refrigerate and the like, and the faults bring great inconvenience and even danger to users.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In view of this, the utility model aims at providing a distribution system and electric automobile can be through when distribution system moves, detect the fuse resistance to analysis and feedback fuse's user state realizes the early warning to the non-trouble fusing phenomenon of fuse, avoids follow-up normal use to appear non-trouble fusing phenomenon, reinforcing distribution system's security, stability and intellectuality.
In order to achieve the above technical effects, the present invention provides a power distribution system and an electric vehicle, wherein as one of the embodiments, the power distribution system includes a battery for providing electric energy to a load; the first end of the fuse is connected with the positive electrode of the battery, and the other end of the fuse is connected with the negative electrode of the battery; fuse state detection device, including resistance detection module and data processing module, resistance detection module with data processing module connects, resistance detection module is used for detecting the resistance of fuse feeds back extremely data processing module, data processing module is used for receiving the resistance of fuse sends the state of fuse, wherein, resistance detection module include with fuse parallel connection's current source and voltage sampling module, and with the filter module that voltage sampling module connects.
As one embodiment, the fuse state detection device further includes a temperature detection module, and the temperature detection module is connected to the data processing module and is configured to detect and feed back an operating temperature of the fuse.
In one embodiment, the temperature detection module includes a contact temperature sensor.
In one embodiment, the power distribution system includes a plurality of load branches, wherein each load branch includes one of the fuses.
In one embodiment, each fuse is connected to a fuse state detection device.
In one embodiment, each of the fuses is connected to the same fuse state detection device, wherein the fuse state detection device includes a selection switch for controlling the fuse state detection device to sequentially connect each of the fuses.
As one embodiment, the fuse state detection device further includes a counting unit and a detection control unit, the counting unit and the detection control unit are both connected to the data processing module, the counting unit is configured to record the number of times of state detection of the fuse, and the detection control unit is configured to control the fuse state detection device to detect every time the power distribution system operates at the same interval.
As one embodiment, the data processing module further includes a fuse life prediction unit, and the fuse life prediction unit is connected to the counting unit, the detection control unit, and the resistance detection module.
As one embodiment, the fuse state detection device further comprises a prompt module, and the prompt module is connected with the data processing module and is used for sending a prompt signal when the remaining life of the fuse is lower than a preset value.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the utility model provides an electric automobile still provides, as one of them embodiment, electric automobile includes above-mentioned arbitrary distribution system.
To sum up, the utility model provides a pair of power distribution system and electric automobile, through set up fuse state detection device in power distribution system, this fuse state detection device includes resistance detection module and data processing module, resistance detection module is connected with data processing module, resistance detection module is used for detecting the resistance of fuse and feeds back to data processing module, data processing module is used for receiving the resistance of fuse and sends the state of fuse, resistance detection module includes current source and the voltage sampling module of being connected with the fuse, and the filter module of being connected with the voltage sampling module, realize when power distribution system moves, detect the fuse resistance, and analyze and feedback fuse's user state, realize the early warning to fuse non-fault fusing phenomenon, avoid follow-up normal in-service non-fault fusing phenomenon to appear, strengthen power distribution system's security, the fuse of follow-up normal in-up, Stability and intellectualization.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic circuit block diagram of a power distribution system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a fuse state detection device in a power distribution system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic circuit block diagram of a power distribution system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a fuse state detection device in a power distribution system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a detailed structure diagram of a selector switch module according to an embodiment of the present invention
Fig. 6 is a structural diagram of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following embodiments are described in detail, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification.
In the following description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings that describe several embodiments of the application. It is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and that mechanical, structural, electrical, and operational changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. The following detailed description is not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of embodiments of the present application is defined only by the claims of the issued patent. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. Spatially relative terms, such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "lower," "below," "lower," "above," "upper," and the like, may be used herein to facilitate describing one element or feature's relationship to another element or feature as illustrated in the figures. When an element or module is referred to as being "connected" to another element or module, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a power distribution system according to a first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the power distribution system includes a battery 1, a fuse, and a fuse state detection device 2 connected in parallel with the fuse, where the battery in this embodiment refers to a battery pack, where the battery pack may be formed by connecting a plurality of single batteries in series or by connecting a plurality of single batteries in parallel and then in series, and the fuse is disposed in the middle of the battery pack, i.e., between two adjacent single batteries, or in other words, a first end of the fuse is connected to a positive electrode of the battery, and another end of the fuse is connected to a negative electrode of the battery. In other embodiments, the battery is also understood to be a single battery.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a fuse state detection device 2 in a power distribution system according to a first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 2, the fuse state detection apparatus 2 includes a resistance detection module 21 and a data processing module 22, the resistance detection module 21 is connected 22 with the data processing module, the resistance detection module 21 is configured to detect a resistance value of the fuse and feed back the resistance value to the data processing module 22, and the data processing module 22 is configured to receive the resistance value of the fuse and send a state of the fuse, for example, to a vehicle controller of an electric vehicle. The resistance detection module 21 includes a current source 210 and a voltage sampling module 211 connected in parallel with the fuse, and a filter module 212 connected to the voltage sampling module 211.
Specifically, during the operation of the power distribution system, a high-frequency current I is input to the two ends of the fuse through the current source 210, wherein the current source 210 may be a high-frequency current source or a low-frequency current source, and the voltage sampling module 211 samples the voltage across the fuse, because during the operation of the power distribution system, the sampled voltage signal includes a superimposed value of a voltage Vdc provided by the battery and a voltage Vac provided by the high-frequency current I, and then the two voltages are further decomposed through the filter module 212 to obtain a voltage Vac obtained by the high-frequency current flowing through the fuse, and then the result of dividing Vac by Iac (Vac/Iac) is calculated according to ohm's law to obtain the current resistance of the fuse, and the data processing module 22 analyzes the state of the fuse by its resistance value. Wherein a processing unit may be included within the filter module 212 for performing the calculation process.
In one embodiment, the fuse state detection device 2 further includes a temperature detection module (not shown in the figure), which is connected to the data processing module 22 for detecting and feeding back the operating temperature of the fuse.
Specifically, due to the characteristics of the fuse, the fuse may age gradually as the service life increases, and the aging condition may be determined by the change of the resistance value of the fuse and the temperature rise during operation, and the larger the internal resistance is, the higher the temperature rise is, the worse the state of the fuse is, so that the data processing module 22 may comprehensively analyze the state of the fuse based on the characteristic data of the fuse, and by using a single parameter or multiple parameters, for example, the characteristic data of the resistance change rate and the service life of the fuse, the operating temperature, the service life, and the like.
In one embodiment, the temperature detection module includes a contact temperature sensor.
Specifically, the temperature of the fuse is detected by arranging the contact type temperature sensor at the lower part of the fuse, so that the detection effect and the detection precision can be enhanced.
In one embodiment, a power distribution system includes a plurality of load branches, wherein each load branch includes a fuse.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the power distribution system includes a plurality of load branches, for example, a plurality of high-voltage load branches, such as an electric compressor (ACCM) branch, a high-voltage electric heater branch (PTC), and an on-board charger branch (OBC). In order to ensure the safety of the branches and to prevent short-circuits from damaging important load components, a fuse (not shown in fig. 1, please refer to fig. 3) is provided in each load branch.
Further, in one embodiment, each fuse in each load branch may be connected to a fuse state detection device 2.
It should be noted that, when each fuse in each load branch is connected to a fuse state detection device 2, the data processing module 22 in each fuse state detection device 2 can be integrated into a total data processing device, so as to reduce the occupied space and save the cost.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, fig. 3 is a schematic circuit block diagram of a power distribution system according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a fuse state detection device in a power distribution system according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Wherein, fuse in the battery and every load branch circuit fuse all connect same fuse state detection device 3, wherein fuse state detection device 3 includes resistance detection module 31 and data processing module 32, resistance detection module 31 is connected with data processing module 32, resistance detection module 31 is used for detecting the resistance of each fuse and feeds back to data processing module 32, data processing module 32 is used for receiving the resistance of fuse and sends the state of fuse, wherein, resistance detection module 31 includes current source 310 and the voltage sampling module 311 with each fuse parallel connection, and the filter module 312 of being connected with voltage sampling module 311, and still include select switch 313. The selection switch 313 is used to control the fuse state detection means 3 to sequentially connect each fuse to detect each fuse separately. For other similar specific detection principles, please refer to the foregoing embodiments, which are not described herein again. Through this embodiment, reduction cost that can be great saves fuse state detection device's occupation space.
Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a specific structural diagram of the selection switch module 311 according to an embodiment. As shown in fig. 5, the selection switch module 311 includes a driving module, a plurality of NPN transistors K1, K2 to Kn, and a plurality of resistors R1, R2 to Rn, wherein emitters of the NPN transistors are connected to corresponding resistors, collectors of the NPN transistors are connected to the current source 210 (fig. 5 does not show, refer to fig. 2 or fig. 4), bases of the NPN transistors are connected to the driving module to receive the level signal output by the driving module, and when the level signal is at a high level, the collectors and the emitters of the NPN transistors are connected to allow the current I of the current source 210 to flow OUT from the OUT. The resistors R1, R2 to Rn connected between the NPN switch and the fuse (not shown, refer to fig. 4) are used for isolation in the circuit. It should be noted that the switching element is not limited to the NPN type transistor, but in other embodiments, the switching element may also be a PNP type transistor or a mos transistor, which can be used as a device having a switching function, and only the connection mode and the effective level are adjusted accordingly.
The fuse state detection device 2 or the fuse state detection device 3 in fig. 2 or fig. 4 further includes a counting unit and a detection control unit (not shown), which are described below by taking fig. 4 as an example, and both the counting unit and the detection control unit are connected to the data processing module 32, and the counting unit is used for recording the number of state detection times of fuses, that is, the number of times that a certain fuse is detected. The detection control unit is used for controlling the fuse state detection device 3 to detect at the same time interval of the operation of the power distribution system, namely, controlling by sending a detection control signal, wherein the time interval can be preset.
In one embodiment, the data processing module 32 further includes a fuse life prediction unit (not shown) connected to the counting unit, the detection control unit, and the resistance detection module 31.
Specifically, the fuse life prediction unit comprehensively analyzes the remaining service life L of the fuse according to the resistance value R1 of the fuse fed back by the resistance detection module 31, the number N of detections of the fuse fed back by the counting unit, and the detection period T of the detected fuse fed back by the detection control unit, so as to quantify the state of the fuse. For example, the fuse life prediction unit obtains the resistance change rate H of the fuse according to the current resistance R1 of the fuse (the current resistance R1 is divided by the initial resistance R0), then compares the internal resistance change rate H of the fuse and the corresponding data of the service life, which are stored in the fuse life prediction unit in advance, to obtain the corresponding life curve coefficient K, and estimates the approximate remaining life of the fuse according to L ═ T × K × N. It should be noted that there are other quantification methods for quantifying the state of the fuse, and the quantification method is not limited to the quantification method, and for example, the state analysis may be performed by considering the operating temperature of the fuse, or the state analysis and determination may be performed on the state of the fuse only by the resistance value of the fuse.
In one embodiment, the fuse state detection apparatus 3 further includes a prompt module (not shown) connected to the data processing module 32 for sending a prompt signal when the remaining life of the fuse is lower than a preset value.
Specifically, the prompting module can be a light emitting device such as a light emitting diode, a buzzer or the like which can make a sound, and can perform early warning and reminding in other ways with prompting functions.
The power distribution system provided by the above-mentioned embodiment is provided, by providing the fuse state detection device in the power distribution system, the fuse state detection device comprises a resistance detection module and a data processing module, wherein the resistance detection module is connected with the data processing module and is used for detecting the resistance value of a fuse and feeding the resistance value back to the data processing module, the data processing module is used for receiving the resistance value of the fuse and sending the state of the fuse, the resistance detection module comprises a current source and a voltage sampling module which are connected with the fuse and a filter module which is connected with the voltage sampling module, when a power distribution system runs, the resistance value of the fuse is detected, the using state of the fuse is analyzed and fed back, the early warning of the non-fault fusing phenomenon of the fuse is realized, the non-fault fusing phenomenon in subsequent normal use is avoided, and the safety, the stability and the intellectualization of a power distribution system are enhanced.
Referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a structural diagram of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 6, the electric vehicle 100 of the present embodiment includes a power distribution system 101, wherein the power distribution system 101 is the power distribution system in the above embodiment.
The embodiment of the application provides an electric automobile, through set up fuse state detection device in electric automobile distribution system, this fuse state detection device includes resistance detection module and data processing module, resistance detection module is connected with data processing module, resistance detection module is used for detecting the resistance of fuse and feeds back to data processing module, data processing module is used for receiving the resistance of fuse and sends the state of fuse, resistance detection module includes current source and voltage sampling module that is connected with the fuse, and the filter module who is connected with voltage sampling module, realize when electric automobile distribution system moves, detect the fuse resistance, and analysis and feedback fuse's user state, realize the early warning to fuse non-failure fusing phenomenon, avoid the non-failure fusing phenomenon to appear in follow-up normal use, strengthen electric automobile's security, the fuse of electric automobile, Stability and intellectualization.
The above embodiments are only specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. An electrical distribution system, comprising:
a battery for supplying power to a load;
the first end of the fuse is connected with the positive electrode of the battery, and the other end of the fuse is connected with the negative electrode of the battery;
fuse state detection device, including resistance detection module and data processing module, resistance detection module with data processing module connects, resistance detection module is used for detecting the resistance of fuse feeds back extremely data processing module, data processing module is used for receiving the resistance of fuse sends the state of fuse, wherein, resistance detection module include with fuse parallel connection's current source and voltage sampling module, and with the filter module that voltage sampling module connects.
2. The power distribution system of claim 1, wherein the fuse state detection device further comprises a temperature detection module connected to the data processing module for detecting and feeding back the operating temperature of the fuse.
3. The power distribution system of claim 2, wherein the temperature detection module comprises a contact temperature sensor disposed at a lower portion of the fuse.
4. The power distribution system of claim 1, wherein the power distribution system comprises a plurality of load branches, wherein each load branch comprises one of the fuses.
5. The power distribution system of claim 4, wherein each of the fuses is connected to a fuse state detection device.
6. The power distribution system of claim 4, wherein each of the fuses is connected to the same fuse state detection device, wherein the fuse state detection device comprises a selection switch for controlling the fuse state detection device to sequentially connect each of the fuses.
7. The power distribution system of claim 1, wherein the fuse state detection device further comprises a counting unit and a detection control unit, the counting unit and the detection control unit are both connected to the data processing module, the counting unit is configured to record the number of times of state detection of the fuse, and the detection control unit is configured to control the fuse state detection device to perform detection at the same interval time every time the power distribution system operates.
8. The power distribution system of claim 7, wherein the data processing module further comprises a fuse life prediction unit, the fuse life prediction unit being connected to the counting unit, the detection control unit, and the resistance detection module.
9. The power distribution system of claim 8, wherein the fuse state detection device further comprises a prompt module, the prompt module being connected to the data processing module and configured to send a prompt signal when the remaining life of the fuse is less than a predetermined value.
10. An electric vehicle comprising the power distribution system of any one of claims 1-9.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202020045252.7U CN211764940U (en) | 2020-01-08 | 2020-01-08 | Power distribution system and electric automobile |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202020045252.7U CN211764940U (en) | 2020-01-08 | 2020-01-08 | Power distribution system and electric automobile |
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| CN211764940U true CN211764940U (en) | 2020-10-27 |
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| CN202020045252.7U Active CN211764940U (en) | 2020-01-08 | 2020-01-08 | Power distribution system and electric automobile |
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