CN211742449U - Teaching model for simulating blood coagulation process - Google Patents
Teaching model for simulating blood coagulation process Download PDFInfo
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- CN211742449U CN211742449U CN202020819290.3U CN202020819290U CN211742449U CN 211742449 U CN211742449 U CN 211742449U CN 202020819290 U CN202020819290 U CN 202020819290U CN 211742449 U CN211742449 U CN 211742449U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a simulation blood coagulation process's teaching model, including insulating base plate, be provided with the power on the insulating base plate, still be provided with foreign matter surface, factor XII of activation, factor XI of activation, factor IX, activated factor IX, factor VII, activated factor VII, factor VIII, activated factor VIII, platelet membrane phospholipid one, activated factor IX two, calcium ion one, calcium ion two, activated factor VII two, factor III, factor X, activated factor X one, factor V, activated factor X two, platelet membrane phospholipid two, calcium ion three, factor II, activated factor II, factor XII, calcium ion four, activated factor XII I, factor II, factor I, fibrin monomer and polymer 33 lamp altogether. The lamps are connected with a power supply through a switch and a lead according to requirements, and the on and off of the lamps are controlled through the switch during teaching to reflect the activation process of the blood coagulation factors, so that the understanding and the memory of students are enhanced.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a pharmacology teaching model technical field specifically is a teaching model of simulation blood coagulation process.
Background
The existing whole blood coagulation process diagram can describe three steps of the blood coagulation process: formation of prothrombin activator (further divided into intrinsic and extrinsic activation pathways), formation of thrombin, and formation of fibrin. However, there are problems: the schematic diagram of the blood coagulation process cannot visually show the activation process of the blood coagulation factor, the formation process of the fibrin network and how the platelets participate in the blood coagulation process, so that the students cannot deeply understand the action mechanisms of procoagulant drugs, anticoagulant drugs and thrombolytic drugs. Therefore, there is a need to develop a teaching model for modeling the coagulation process, which embodies and visualizes the coagulation process, enables students to understand the implementation details of each step in the coagulation process, and really understand and master the activation of coagulation factors and how platelets participate in blood coagulation by providing phospholipids, thereby visually displaying the conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin monomers and then into fibrin polymers.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
An object of the utility model is to provide a make blood coagulation process concreteization, visualization, the student can understand the implementation details of each step in the blood coagulation process, really understands and masters the activation of blood coagulation factor and how the platelet participates in this link of blood coagulation through providing phospholipid, and the teaching mode of the simulation blood coagulation process that the fibrin monomer changes into again the fibrin polymer is changed into to the figurative show fibrinogen.
In order to achieve the above object, the utility model provides a following technical scheme: a teaching model for simulating blood coagulation process comprises an insulating base plate, wherein a power supply is arranged on the insulating base plate, five rows of lamps are arranged on the insulating base plate from top to bottom, a foreign body surface, a factor XII, an activated factor XII, a factor XI, an activated factor XI, a factor IX, a first activated factor IX, a factor VII and an activated factor VII are sequentially arranged on the first row from left to right, nine lamps in total are sequentially arranged on the second row, a factor VIII, an activated factor VIII, a platelet membrane phospholipid I, an activated factor IX, a calcium ion I, a calcium ion II, an activated factor VII and a factor III are sequentially arranged on the second row, two lamps are sequentially arranged on the third row, a factor X and a factor X are sequentially arranged on the fourth row, a factor V, an activated factor X, a platelet membrane phospholipid II, a calcium ion III, a factor II, a factor XII, a factor V and a calcium ion four lamps are sequentially arranged on the third row, The fifth row is sequentially provided with four activated lamps of factor II, factor I, fibrin monomer and fibrin polymer;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K1Connecting the surface of the foreign matter back to the negative electrode of the power supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K1、K1Connecting factor xii back to the negative supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K2Connecting the activated factor XII back to the negative pole of the power supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K2、K2' connection factor xi returns to the power supply cathode;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K3Connecting the activated factor XI back to the negative of the power supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K3、K3' ligation factor IX back to the negative pole of the power supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K4、K4' coupling the activated factor IX first back to the negative pole of the power supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K4、K4"factor VII is connected and returns to the negative pole of the power supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K4Connecting the activated second IX factor back to the negative pole of the power supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K5、K5Connecting the activated factor vii one back to the negative of the power supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K5Connecting the activated VII factor II back to the negative electrode of the power supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K6、K6Connecting the calcium ion II back to the negative electrode of the power supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K6、K6"connecting factor III back to the negative pole of the power supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K7、K7' coupling the activated factor viii back to the negative pole of the power supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K7、K7Respectively connecting the platelet membrane phospholipid I and the calcium ion I to return to the negative electrode of the power supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K8Connecting the factor VIII back to the negative electrode of the power supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K9Connecting factor X back to the negative pole of the power supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K10、K10' connecting the activated factor X-back to the negative of the power supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K10Connecting the activated factor X two back to the negative pole of the power supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K11、K20Connecting the activated factor II back to the negative electrode of the power supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K11、K14Connecting the factor II back to the negative electrode of the power supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K11、K15Connecting the activated factor II one back to the negative pole of the power supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K11、K16Connecting the factor XIII back to the negative electrode of the power supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K11、K17Connecting the calcium ion IV back to the negative electrode of the power supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K11、K18Connecting the activated factor XIII back to the negative electrode of the power supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K12、K12' connect the activated factor v back to the negative of the power supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K12、K12Respectively connecting platelet membrane phospholipid II and calcium ion III to the negative electrode of the power supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K13Connecting the factor V back to the negative pole of the power supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K19、K21Connecting the factor I back to the negative electrode of the power supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K19、K22Connecting the fibrin monomer to the negative electrode of the power supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K19、K23The fibrin polymer is connected back to the negative pole of the power supply.
The basic principle of the utility model is as follows: the prothrombin activator formation pathway is divided into an intrinsic activation pathway and an extrinsic activation pathway.
1. Endogenous activation pathways: when damaged collagen fibers in the vascular intima are exposed, XII in the blood plasma is contacted (XII sticks to the collagen fibers) and activated to XIIa(light on model), XIIaActivatable XI, XIaActivatable IX, IXaWith Ca2+The binding of VIII, PL coactivates factor X. XaWith Ca2+V, PL to form prothrombin activator, and activate prothrombin (II) in plasma to thrombin (II)a) Thrombin can rapidly convert soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin monomers and interweave to form a net, which is used to net blood cells to cause blood coagulation.
2. Outer coverThe activation pathway of origin: when tissue is damaged, released III factor and Ca in plasma2+VII, PL bind to coactivate factor X. XaWith Ca2+V, PL to form prothrombin activator, and activate prothrombin (II) in plasma to thrombin (II)a) Thrombin can rapidly convert soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin monomers and interweave to form a net, which is used to net blood cells to cause blood coagulation.
The utility model has the advantages that:
1. the method has the advantages that the blood coagulation process is materialized and visualized, students understand implementation details of each step in the blood coagulation process through a manual operation model, and really understand and master the blood coagulation process so as to solve the abstraction and limitation existing in a schematic diagram of the blood coagulation process; inactive coagulation factors and activated coagulation factors are reflected by the turning-off and turning-on of lamps of the coagulation factors, so that the sequential activation process of the coagulation factors is demonstrated;
2. the teaching model can also demonstrate the link that platelets participate in blood coagulation by providing phospholipid;
3. the teaching model can also show that fibrinogen is converted into fibrin monomers which are mutually linked to form insoluble fibrin polymers so as to enable blood to be coagulated, and can also be associated with action mechanisms of procoagulant drugs, anticoagulant drugs and thrombolytic drugs for explanation to strengthen understanding and memory of students on pharmacological knowledge points.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of portion A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of portion B of FIG. 1;
in the figure: 1-insulating substrate, 2-foreign body surface, 3-XII factor, 4-activated XII factor, 5-XI factor, 6-activated XI factor, 7-IX factor, 8-activated IX factor I, 9-VII factor, 10-activated VII factor I, 11-VIII factor, 12-activated VIII factor, 13-platelet membrane phospholipid I, 14-activated IX factor II, 15-calcium ion I, 16-calcium ion II, 17-activated VII factor II, 18-III factor, 19-X factor, 20-activated X factor I, 21-V factor, 22-activated V factor, 23-activated X factor II, 24-platelet membrane phospholipid II, 25-calcium ion III, 26-II factor, 27-activated factor II I, 28-factor XIII, 29-calcium ion four, 30-activated factor XIII, 31-activated factor II, 32-factor I, 33-fibrin monomer, 34-fibrin multimer.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: a teaching model for simulating blood coagulation process comprises an insulating base plate 1, wherein a power supply is arranged on the insulating base plate 1, five rows of lamps are arranged on the insulating base plate 1 from top to bottom, a foreign body surface 2, a factor XII 3, an activated factor XII 4, a factor XI 5, an activated factor XI 6, a factor IX 7, an activated factor IX I8, a factor VII 9 and an activated factor VII I10 are sequentially arranged in the first row, a factor VIII 11, an activated factor VIII 12, a platelet membrane phospholipid I13, an activated factor IX II 14, a calcium ion I15, a calcium ion II 16, an activated factor II 17, a factor VIII 18 and an eight VII lamps are sequentially arranged in the second row, a factor Xa 19 and an activated factor Xa 20 are sequentially arranged in the third row, a factor VI 21, an activated factor VI 22, an activated factor XII 23, a platelet membrane phospholipid II 24 are sequentially arranged in the fourth row, Ten lamps in total of three 25 calcium ions, 26 II factors, 27 activated II factors, 28 XIII factors, 29 calcium ions and 30 activated XIII factors, and four lamps in total of 31 activated II factors, 32I factors, 33 fibrin monomers and 34 fibrin polymers are sequentially arranged in the fifth row.
The utility model discloses when using, the operating procedure as follows:
1. endogenous activation pathways:
(1) the starting factor is XII factor 3, the total switch K and the switch K are closed1、K1At this point, two lights of foreign body surface 2 and factor xii 3 are on, indicating that foreign body surface 2 binds to factor xii 3; re-breaking switch K1、K1' go K2When the activated lamp XII 4 is on, the activated lamp XII 3 is activated;
(2) then close K2Indicating that activated factor XII 4 binds factor XI 5 and then K is cleaved2On K3When the activated XI factor 6 lamp is on, the XI factor 5 is activated; then close K3' factor IX 7 lighting, indicating activated factor XI 6 binding to factor IX 7, and switching K off3Closing of K4 and K4', activated factor ix-8 lights; indicating that factor IX 7 is activated;
(3) then close K4"factor VII 9 lights, indicating that activated factor IX-8 binds to factor VII 9, and then K is turned off4On K5When the activated factor VII is lighted by 10, the factor VII is activated;
(4) closing K8When factor VIII 11 is on, K is switched on7、K7＇、K7"open K8 Activated factor VIII 12, platelet membrane phospholipid I13, activated factor IX II 14 and calcium ion I15 are lighted, so that the activated factor VIII 12, the platelet membrane phospholipid I13, the activated factor IX II 14 and the calcium ion I15 form an endogenous blood coagulation factor compound, and K is closed at the moment9Factor X19 lights up, indicating that the endogenetic thromboplastin complex activates factor X19, which in turn breaks K9And K6On K10And K10Turning on the light of activated factor X-20 indicates that factor X19 is activated by the intrinsic coagulation factor complex.
2. Extrinsic activation pathways:
(1) the initiation factor is factor III 18, when K is on5、K6、K6' and K6"open K5＇，At the moment, three lamps of calcium ion II 16, activated VII factor II 17 and III factor 18 are lighted, an exogenous coagulation tissue factor compound is formed by III factor 18 III, activated VII factor II 17 and calcium ion II 16, and at the moment, K is closed9Factor X19 lights indicating that the extrinsic coagulation tissue factor complex activates factor X19, which in turn breaks K9And K6On K10Activation of factor X-20 is indicated by activation of factor X19 by the extrinsic coagulation tissue factor complex.
3. Intrinsic and extrinsic activators together promote the pathway of the coagulation process:
(1) disconnect K9And K10' go K10、K12、K12' and K12"activated factor V22, activated factor X two 23, platelet membrane phospholipid two 24, calcium ion three 25 light up to form thrombin complex, at which time K is re-attached20The activated factor II two 31 lamp is on, which shows that the factor II 26 is activated, and then K is closed19、K21Then, the factor I32 is activated and K is switched off21On K22And K23At this time, fibrin monomer 33 and fibrin polymer 34 are lighted, which indicates that thrombin II factor 26 can rapidly convert soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin monomer and interweave to form a net, which is used to induce blood coagulation by blood cells.
(2) Closing K11Then, respectively close K16、K17、K18The process by which factor xii 28 is activated can be simulated separately.
The on and off of the lamps of all the blood coagulation factors are controlled by a teacher through a switch, and the light is explained and demonstrated one by one, and then students can manually operate the light in person, so that the students understand the implementation details of each step in the blood coagulation process and really understand and master the blood coagulation process, and the abstraction and limitation existing in the schematic diagram of the blood coagulation process are solved; inactive coagulation factors and activated coagulation factors are reflected by the turning-off and turning-on of lamps of the coagulation factors, so that the sequential activation process of the coagulation factors is demonstrated; the teaching model can also be associated with the action mechanisms of procoagulant drugs, anticoagulant drugs and thrombolytic drugs for explanation, and the understanding and the memory of students on pharmacological knowledge points are enhanced.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (1)
1. A teaching model for simulating a blood coagulation process is characterized in that: the LED fluorescent lamp comprises an insulating base plate (1), a power supply is arranged on the insulating base plate (1), five rows of lamps are arranged on the insulating base plate (1) from top to bottom, a foreign body surface (2), a factor XII (3), an activated factor XII (4), a factor XI (5), an activated factor XI (6), a factor IX (7), an activated factor IX (8), a factor VII (9) and an activated factor VII (10) which are nine lamps are sequentially arranged in the first row, a factor VIII (11), an activated factor VIII (12), a platelet membrane phospholipid (13), an activated factor IX (14), a factor Ca (15), a factor Ca (16), an activated factor VII (17) and a factor III (18) which are eight lamps are sequentially arranged in the second row, a factor X (19) and an activated factor X (20) which are two lamps are sequentially arranged in the third row, a factor V (21) and a factor X (20) which are sequentially arranged in the fourth row, Ten lamps in total are activated factor V (22), activated factor X (23), platelet membrane phospholipid II (24), calcium ion III (25), factor II (26), activated factor II I (27), factor XIII (28), calcium ion IV (29) and activated factor XIII (30), and four lamps in total are arranged in the fifth row in sequence;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K1The surface (2) of the connecting foreign body returns to the negative pole of the power supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K1、K1Connecting factor xii (3) back to the negative supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K2Connecting the activated factor XII (4) back to the negative pole of the power supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K2、K2' connecting factor XI (5) back to the negative of the power supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K3Connecting the activated factor XI (6) back to the negative of the power supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K3、K3' ligation factor IX (7) back to the negative pole of the power supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K4、K4' connecting the activated factor ix one (8) back to the negative pole of the power supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K4、K4"factor VII connection (9) back to the negative pole of the power supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K4Connecting the activated factor IX two (14) back to the negative pole of the power supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K5、K5' connecting the activated factor vii one (10) back to the negative supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K5Connecting the activated VII factor II (17) back to the negative electrode of the power supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K6、K6' connecting the calcium ion two (16) back to the negative pole of the power supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K6、K6"connecting factor III (18) back to the negative pole of the power supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K7、K7' coupling the activated factor viii (12) back to the negative power supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K7、K7Respectively connecting platelet membrane phospholipid one (13) and calcium ion one (15) to return to the negative electrode of the power supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K8Linking factor VIII(11) Returning to the negative pole of the power supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K9Factor X (19) is connected back to the negative pole of the power supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K10、K10' connecting activated factor x one (20) back to the negative of the power supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K10Connecting the activated factor x two (23) back to the negative supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K11、K20Connecting the activated factor II (31) back to the negative pole of the power supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K11、K14Connecting factor II (26) back to the negative pole of the power supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K11、K15Connecting the activated factor II one (27) back to the negative pole of the power supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K11、K16Factor XIII (28) is connected and returned to the negative electrode of the power supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K11、K17Connecting calcium ion IV (29) back to the negative electrode of the power supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K11、K18Connecting the activated factor XIII (30) back to the negative pole of the power supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K12、K12' connecting the activated factor v (22) back to the negative supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K12、K12Respectively connecting platelet membrane phospholipid II (24) and calcium ion III (25) to return to the negative electrode of the power supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K13Connecting the factor V (21) back to the negative of the power supply;
from the positive pole of the power supply sequentially through the main switchK. Switch K19、K21Connecting the factor I (32) back to the negative pole of the power supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K19、K22Connecting fibrin monomer (33) back to the negative pole of the power supply;
starting from the positive pole of the power supply, the power supply sequentially passes through a main switch K and a switch K19、K23The fibrin polymer (34) is returned to the negative pole of the power supply.
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| CN202020819290.3U CN211742449U (en) | 2020-05-18 | 2020-05-18 | Teaching model for simulating blood coagulation process |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115410465A (en) * | 2022-11-01 | 2022-11-29 | 世纪亿康（天津）医疗科技发展有限公司 | Blood simulation liquid for simulating coagulation process |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115410465A (en) * | 2022-11-01 | 2022-11-29 | 世纪亿康（天津）医疗科技发展有限公司 | Blood simulation liquid for simulating coagulation process |
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