CN211694839U - Waste incineration power generation system with biogas superheater - Google Patents
Waste incineration power generation system with biogas superheater Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN211694839U CN211694839U CN201921917483.6U CN201921917483U CN211694839U CN 211694839 U CN211694839 U CN 211694839U CN 201921917483 U CN201921917483 U CN 201921917483U CN 211694839 U CN211694839 U CN 211694839U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- outlet
- inlet
- superheated steam
- water
- biogas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Abstract
The utility model discloses a waste incineration power generation system with marsh gas over heater, this system includes: the system comprises a garbage pit, an anaerobic tank, an incinerator, a waste heat boiler, a methane superheater, a high-speed turbine, a generator, a condenser, a low-pressure heater, a deaerator and a water feed pump. By adopting the system, the main steam parameters are improved, the full utilization of the methane is realized, and then the second superheated steam is supplied to the high-speed steam turbine for power generation, so that the economic benefit of a power plant is improved, the problems of coking, ash deposition, sintering and the like caused by the fact that the methane enters the incinerator for combustion in the traditional technology are avoided, the smooth operation of the system is ensured, the maintenance cost is reduced, and the resource utilization of the garbage is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of the chemical industry, particularly, the utility model relates to a waste incineration power generation system.
Background
With the lower and lower cost of waste disposal, increasing the power generation efficiency of waste incineration power plants will become the mainstream trend in the future. The existing waste incineration power plant generally adopts medium-temperature and medium-pressure (4MPa,400 ℃) main steam parameters, the whole-field thermal efficiency is about 21%, the economic benefit of the waste incineration power plant under the parameters is increasingly poor, the problems of dust deposition and corrosion of an incinerator under the parameters are more serious, and the waste incineration power plant has to be subjected to one-time shutdown maintenance for 3 months.
The higher the main steam parameter is, the more the generated energy of the waste incineration power plant is, the better the economic benefit is, but with the improvement of the main steam parameter, the corrosion problem of the main pressure-bearing heating surface of the waste incineration power plant is more and more serious, the power plant faces great potential safety hazard, dozens of pipe explosion accidents exist in China, and irreparable loss is caused to the property and personal safety of enterprises. Although some power plants adopt special alloy steel to build up the main heating surface, the problem of thinning of the build-up welding material year by year still exists, the build-up welding cost is extremely high, the benefit and the safety can not be obtained under the existing conditions, and if the parameters such as 6.4MPa and 480 ℃ are continuously improved, the dust deposition and the corrosion condition of the related heating surface of the waste heat boiler are inevitably aggravated. And the tail flue gas of the waste heat boiler of the waste incineration power plant is generally about 210 ℃, so that certain waste heat is wasted.
In addition, the traditional waste incineration process is to directly introduce biogas generated by waste into an incinerator for incineration power generation, but for the incinerator, the biogas is a fuel with higher quality, the introduction of the biogas into the incinerator can cause local temperature rise of the incinerator, further cause problems of dust deposition and sintering and the like, and the introduction of the biogas into the incinerator can correspondingly increase the smoke volume and the smoke flow rate of the incinerator, so that the heating surface of the waste heat boiler is subjected to stronger scouring effect, and the occurrence of high-temperature corrosion is accelerated, therefore, the introduction of the biogas into the boiler can further worsen the dust deposition and corrosion conditions in the waste heat boiler to a certain extent.
Therefore, the existing waste incineration power generation technology needs to be further improved.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The present invention aims at solving at least one of the technical problems in the related art to a certain extent. Therefore, an object of the utility model is to provide a waste incineration power generation system adopts this system to improve the main steam parameter, has realized the make full use of marsh gas, and then supplies with this second superheated steam to high-speed steam turbine and generate electricity to improve the economic benefits of power plant, avoided among the traditional art marsh gas to get into to burn the coking and the deposition sintering scheduling problem that burning furnace burning and lead to, guaranteed going forward of system, reduced cost of maintenance, realized the utilization of rubbish resources.
[ 1 ] A waste incineration power generation system, the system includes:
a landfill pit having a landfill inlet, a dry landfill outlet, and a landfill leachate outlet;
the anaerobic tank is provided with a garbage leachate inlet and a methane outlet, and the garbage leachate inlet is connected with the garbage leachate outlet;
the incinerator is provided with a dry garbage inlet, a smoke outlet and an ash residue outlet, and the dry garbage inlet is connected with the dry garbage outlet;
the waste heat boiler is provided with a flue gas inlet, a water feeding port and a first superheated steam outlet, and the flue gas inlet is connected with the flue gas outlet;
the biogas superheater is provided with a biogas inlet, a first superheated steam inlet and a second superheated steam outlet, the first superheated steam inlet is connected with the first superheated steam outlet, the biogas inlet is connected with the biogas outlet, and the biogas superheater can burn biogas to heat the first superheated steam so as to obtain second superheated steam;
the high-speed turbine is provided with a main steam inlet and a dead steam outlet, and the main steam inlet is connected with the second superheated steam outlet;
a generator coupled to the high speed turbine.
The condenser is provided with a dead steam inlet and a condensed water outlet, and the dead steam inlet is connected with the dead steam outlet;
the low pressure heater is provided with a condensed water inlet and a hot water outlet, and the condensed water inlet is connected with the condensed water outlet.
The deaerator is provided with a hot water inlet and a deaerated water outlet, and the hot water inlet is connected with the hot water outlet;
the water pump, the water pump has behind the deoxidization water entry and delivery port, behind the deoxidization water entry with water export links to each other after the deoxidization, the delivery port with the water-feeding mouth links to each other.
From this, according to the utility model discloses [ 1 ] msw incineration power generation system, supply with marsh gas and burn in order to heat the first superheated steam that lets in wherein in supplying with the marsh gas over heater, obtain the superheated steam of second, the main steam parameter has been improved, the make full use of marsh gas has been realized, and then supply with this superheated steam of second to high-speed steam turbine and generate electricity, with the economic benefits who improves the power plant, marsh gas has been avoided among the conventional art and has been got into coking and deposition sintering scheduling problem that burning leads to of burning furnace, the antecedent of system has been guaranteed, maintenance cost is reduced, the resource utilization of rubbish has been realized.
And (2) according to the system in (1), the biogas superheaters are arranged in a countercurrent manner, and are used for heating the first superheated steam by using heat generated by biogas combustion to obtain the second superheated steam. Therefore, the heat generated by the combustion of the biogas in the biogas superheater can be fully utilized.
[ 3 ] according to the system [ 1 ] or [ 2 ], a parallel pipeline for conveying the first superheated steam is arranged in the methane superheater so that the first superheated steam is heated in the methane superheater. Therefore, the heat generated by the combustion of the biogas in the biogas superheater can be fully utilized.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for generating electricity by incinerating garbage according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations by those skilled in the art.
In one aspect of the present invention, the utility model provides a waste incineration power generation system. According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1, the system includes: the system comprises a garbage pit 100, an anaerobic tank 200, an incinerator 300, a waste heat boiler 400, a biogas superheater 500, a high-speed turbine 600, a generator 700, a condenser 800, a low-pressure heater 900, a deaerator 1000 and a feed pump 1100.
The refuse pit 100 has a refuse inlet 101, a dry refuse outlet 102 and a landfill leachate outlet 103 and is adapted to heap filter the refuse so that dry refuse and landfill leachate can be obtained. Specifically, the garbage mainly refers to domestic garbage, and the garbage is weighed by a loadometer room and then poured into a garbage pit through an unloading platform for stacking and filtering to obtain dry garbage and garbage leachate.
The anaerobic tank 200 has a landfill leachate inlet 201 and a biogas outlet 202, the landfill leachate inlet 201 being connected to the landfill leachate outlet 103 and being adapted to subject the obtained landfill leachate to anaerobic digestion in order to obtain biogas. Specifically, the garbage leachate is collected and then is conveyed to an anaerobic tank through a pump for anaerobic digestion treatment, the temperature of the anaerobic tank is set to be 36 ℃, the retention time is 30 days, the pH value is 7, and methane is generated. Therefore, the waste can be changed into valuable, and the methane with high added value can be obtained.
The incinerator 300 has a dry waste inlet 301, a flue gas outlet 302 and an ash outlet 303, the dry waste inlet 301 being connected to the dry waste outlet 102 and being adapted to incinerate dry waste in order to obtain flue gas and ash. Specifically, the obtained dry garbage is subjected to drying, pyrolysis, combustion and burnout processes in an incinerator in sequence to finally become smoke and ash. It should be noted that, those skilled in the art can select specific conditions for the waste incineration treatment according to actual needs.
The exhaust heat boiler 400 has a flue gas inlet 401, a feedwater port 402 and a first superheated steam outlet 403, the flue gas inlet 401 is connected with the flue gas outlet 302 and is adapted to exchange heat between the flue gas obtained above and feedwater so as to obtain first superheated steam. Specifically, flue gas generated after dry garbage is incinerated in an incinerator enters from a flue gas inlet on a high-temperature superheater and sequentially passes through the high-temperature superheater, a medium-temperature superheater, a low-temperature superheater, an evaporator and an economizer, feed water sequentially passes through the economizer, the evaporator, the low-temperature superheater, the medium-temperature superheater and the high-temperature superheater to exchange heat with the flue gas, and first superheated steam after heat exchange is discharged from a first superheated steam outlet of the high-temperature superheater to perform a next-stage process. Therefore, the waste heat boiler is adopted to recover the waste heat of the flue gas obtained in the incinerator, the heat generated by waste incineration is fully utilized, and the resource utilization of the waste is realized. It should be noted that, those skilled in the art may select the material of each component in the waste heat boiler according to actual needs, and details are not described here.
The biogas superheater 500 is provided with a biogas inlet 501, a first superheated steam inlet 503 and a second superheated steam outlet 502, the first superheated steam inlet 503 is connected with the first superheated steam outlet 403, the biogas inlet 501 is connected with the biogas outlet 202, the biogas superheater 500 can burn biogas to heat the first superheated steam so as to obtain second superheated steam, and is suitable for burning biogas and then heating the first superheated steam obtained in the waste heat boiler so as to obtain the second superheated steam. Preferably, the biogas superheater 500 is arranged in a countercurrent manner and is used for heating the first superheated steam by using heat generated by biogas combustion to obtain second superheated steam, the temperature of the obtained second superheated steam is 480-490 ℃, and the pressure of the obtained second superheated steam is 6.45-6.55 MPa. Preferably, parallel pipes (not shown) for conveying the first superheated steam to heat the first superheated steam in the biogas superheater are arranged in the biogas superheater 500. The inventor finds that the biogas is supplied to the biogas superheater for combustion to heat the first superheated steam introduced into the biogas superheater, the first superheated steam flowing out of the waste heat boiler can be heated, so that second superheated steam with higher quality is obtained, main steam parameters are improved at lower cost, meanwhile, a heat source except garbage is not needed, the biogas is fully utilized, the second superheated steam is supplied to the high-speed steam turbine for power generation to improve the economic benefit of a power plant, a temperature field flow field in the incinerator is optimized, the problems of coking, ash accumulation and sintering caused by the fact that the biogas enters the incinerator for combustion in the prior art are avoided, the system is ensured to be smooth, the maintenance cost is reduced, and the resource utilization of the garbage is realized. It should be noted that, those skilled in the art may select the material of each component in the biogas superheater according to actual needs, and details are not described here.
The high speed turbine 600 has a main steam inlet 601, and the main steam inlet 601 is connected to the second superheated steam outlet 502 and is adapted to generate power by using the second superheated steam (i.e., main steam in this context) to generate dead steam. Preferably, the high speed turbine also has a steam exhaust outlet 602. The inventor finds that the high-speed turbine is adopted to do work, so that the generator is driven to generate electricity, the generated energy of the power plant can be improved, and the economic benefit of the power plant is increased.
The generator 700, the generator 700 is connected with the high speed turbine 600. Specifically, the high-speed turbine is connected with the generator through a bearing, second superheated steam enters the high-speed turbine through a main steam inlet and pushes an impeller to do work, and meanwhile the high-speed turbine drives the generator to generate power.
The condenser 800 has a dead steam inlet 801 and a condensed water outlet 802, and the dead steam inlet 801 is connected with the dead steam outlet 602 and is adapted to condense dead steam to obtain condensed water. Therefore, the condenser is adopted to condense the exhaust steam, the steam-water loss can be reduced, and the utilization efficiency of the circulating water is improved.
The low pressure heater 900 has a condensed water inlet 901 and a hot water outlet 902, and the condensed water inlet 901 is connected to the condensed water outlet 802 and is adapted to heat the condensed water at a low pressure to obtain hot water. Specifically, the condensed water enters the low-pressure heater through the condensed water inlet, the low-pressure heater heats the condensed water, the hot water outlet flows out, the temperature of the condensed water is 54-64 ℃, the temperature of the hot water is 80-90 ℃, and the pressure is 0.10-0.14 MPa. Therefore, the temperature of water is increased, the energy loss is reduced, and the circulation efficiency of a thermodynamic system is improved.
The deaerator 1000 has a hot water inlet 1001 and a deaerated water outlet 1002, the hot water inlet 1001 being connected to the hot water outlet 902 and adapted to deaerate the hot water so as to obtain deaerated water. Specifically, hot water enters the deaerator through the hot water inlet, the deaerator removes non-condensation gases such as oxygen in the water, equipment and pipeline corrosion are prevented, and water flows out through the water outlet after deaerating, and enters the next section of working procedure for treatment. Therefore, the economical efficiency of the unit is improved, and the long-period safe operation of the equipment is ensured.
The feed water pump 1100 has a post-oxygen-removal water inlet 1101 and a water outlet 1102, the post-oxygen-removal water inlet 1101 is connected to the post-oxygen-removal water outlet 1002, and the water outlet 1102 is connected to the feed water port 402 and adapted to supply post-oxygen-removal water into the waste heat boiler 400 as feed water. Specifically, the deaerated water enters the pump through a deaerated water inlet, and the deaerated water is conveyed to a water supply port of the waste heat boiler through a water outlet under the action of the pump and is used as the water supply of the waste heat boiler, so that the water circulation of the garbage power generation system is completed. Therefore, comprehensive utilization of circulating water is realized, and water resources are saved.
As described above, a waste incineration power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention may have at least one of the advantages selected from the following:
according to the utility model discloses a msw incineration power generation system of an embodiment adopts the marsh gas over heater to heat first superheated steam, can promote the main vapour parameter with lower cost, does not need the heat source beyond rubbish simultaneously, has realized the make full use of marsh gas, and then supplies with this second superheated steam to high-speed steam turbine and generates electricity to improve the economic benefits of power plant.
According to the utility model discloses a msw incineration power generation system of an embodiment lets in marsh gas over heater burning with the marsh gas that landfill leachate anaerobic digestion produced, has optimized the temperature field flow field in the incinerator, has avoided marsh gas to get into to burn the coking and the deposition sintering scheduling problem that the burning furnace burning and lead to among the traditional art, has guaranteed going forward of system, has reduced cost of maintenance, has realized the utilization of rubbish.
According to the utility model discloses an embodiment's waste incineration power generation system adopts the high rotational speed steam turbine, and then promotes the generated energy of power plant.
Unless defined otherwise, technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Terms such as "disposed" and the like, as used herein, may refer to one element being directly attached to another element or one element being attached to another element through intervening elements. Features described herein in one embodiment may be applied to another embodiment, either alone or in combination with other features, unless the feature is otherwise inapplicable or otherwise stated in the other embodiment.
The present invention has been described in terms of the above embodiments, but it is to be understood that the above embodiments are for purposes of illustration and description only and are not intended to limit the invention to the described embodiments. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that many more modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching and are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Examples
The invention will now be described with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative only and not to be limiting in any way.
Taking a certain waste incineration power plant in Jiangsu as an example, the power plant adopts a methane superheater mode, can improve main steam parameters at a lower cost, does not need a heat source except waste, and specifically operates as follows with reference to FIG. 1: the garbage is filtered in a piling way, so that the moisture in the garbage is removed, and dry garbage and garbage leachate are obtained, then anaerobic digestion is carried out on the obtained garbage percolate (the temperature of an anaerobic tank is set to be 36 ℃, the retention time is 30 days, the pH value is 7), methane is generated, dry garbage is burnt, heat exchange is carried out on the burnt smoke and feed water to obtain first superheated steam, then the methane is conveyed to a methane superheater for burning, heating the first superheated steam to obtain second superheated steam so as to improve the main steam parameters, condensing the dead steam to obtain condensed water, heating the condensed water at low pressure (the heating temperature is 85 ℃ and the pressure is 0.11MPa), and then the water after oxygen removal is used as the feed water of the waste heat boiler, thereby completing the water circulation of the garbage power generation system. When the system is adopted for waste incineration power generation, the quantity of the biogas generated by the waste can stably increase the main steam parameter to 6.5MPa and 490 ℃.
Claims (3)
1. A waste incineration power generation system, comprising:
a landfill pit having a landfill inlet, a dry landfill outlet, and a landfill leachate outlet;
the anaerobic tank is provided with a garbage leachate inlet and a methane outlet, and the garbage leachate inlet is connected with the garbage leachate outlet;
the incinerator is provided with a dry garbage inlet, a smoke outlet and an ash residue outlet, and the dry garbage inlet is connected with the dry garbage outlet;
the waste heat boiler is provided with a flue gas inlet, a water feeding port and a first superheated steam outlet, and the flue gas inlet is connected with the flue gas outlet;
the waste heat boiler comprises a waste heat boiler, a methane superheater and a waste heat boiler, wherein the waste heat boiler is provided with a first superheated steam inlet, a second superheated steam outlet and a methane inlet;
the high-speed turbine is provided with a main steam inlet and a dead steam outlet, and the main steam inlet is connected with the second superheated steam outlet;
a generator connected to the high speed turbine;
the condenser is provided with a dead steam inlet and a condensed water outlet, and the dead steam inlet is connected with the dead steam outlet;
the low-pressure heater is provided with a condensed water inlet and a hot water outlet, and the condensed water inlet is connected with the condensed water outlet;
the deaerator is provided with a hot water inlet and a deaerated water outlet, and the hot water inlet is connected with the hot water outlet;
the water pump, the water pump has behind the deoxidization water entry and delivery port, behind the deoxidization water entry with water export links to each other after the deoxidization, the delivery port with the water-feeding mouth links to each other.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the biogas superheater is arranged in a counter-flow manner, and is used for heating the first superheated steam by using heat generated by biogas combustion to obtain the second superheated steam.
3. The system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that parallel pipes are arranged in the biogas superheater for conveying the first superheated steam to heat the first superheated steam in the biogas superheater.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201921917483.6U CN211694839U (en) | 2019-11-07 | 2019-11-07 | Waste incineration power generation system with biogas superheater |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201921917483.6U CN211694839U (en) | 2019-11-07 | 2019-11-07 | Waste incineration power generation system with biogas superheater |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN211694839U true CN211694839U (en) | 2020-10-16 |
Family
ID=72786482
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201921917483.6U Active CN211694839U (en) | 2019-11-07 | 2019-11-07 | Waste incineration power generation system with biogas superheater |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN211694839U (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113432110A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-09-24 | 无锡华光环保能源集团股份有限公司 | Garbage waste heat boiler with external superheater for improving main steam parameters |
-
2019
- 2019-11-07 CN CN201921917483.6U patent/CN211694839U/en active Active
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113432110A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-09-24 | 无锡华光环保能源集团股份有限公司 | Garbage waste heat boiler with external superheater for improving main steam parameters |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP2264287B1 (en) | Energy generating method using thermal cycles with high-pressure and moderate-temperature steam | |
| CN100338424C (en) | Generating set system of simple low temperature waste heat from large size cement manufacture line in dry method, and technical process | |
| CN107327326A (en) | A kind of integral combined circulating power generation system of integrated garbage gas steam | |
| CN109958535A (en) | A kind of system for waste incineration and combustion turbine combined power generation | |
| CN101639211A (en) | Float glass melting furnace parallel connection waste heat power generation system | |
| CN210197273U (en) | Household garbage incineration waste heat boiler steam reheating system adopting main steam for heating | |
| CN209978016U (en) | High-parameter garbage power generation system with reheating function | |
| CN211694839U (en) | Waste incineration power generation system with biogas superheater | |
| CN210921417U (en) | Waste incineration power generation equipment with 850 ℃/2S combustion process | |
| CN213574261U (en) | High-parameter waste incineration power generation system with dehumidification function | |
| CN110822437B (en) | Waste incineration power generation system and method | |
| CN110822438B (en) | Waste incineration power generation system and method | |
| CN108868907A (en) | A kind of fire coal biomass carbonated drink coupled electricity-generation system and technique | |
| CN205592967U (en) | A waste heat power generation system for dangerous waste disposal trade of industry | |
| CN209976638U (en) | System for be used for waste incineration and gas turbine combined power generation | |
| CN110608431A (en) | Waste incineration power generation system with external independent superheater | |
| CN111288810A (en) | Device and method for efficiently generating power by using waste heat steam of converter | |
| CN111457353A (en) | Boiler feed water heating and oxygen removing system and method coupled to boiler workshop of household garbage incineration power plant | |
| CN207761715U (en) | A kind of waste incineration and generating electricity system | |
| CN210134979U (en) | Garbage power generation system with external independent reheater | |
| CN214198690U (en) | Waste incineration and cement kiln waste heat recovery coupling power generation system | |
| CN110980941A (en) | Smoke side-coupled waste incineration power generation system and method | |
| CN210568440U (en) | Waste incineration power generation system capable of improving heat efficiency | |
| CN207538876U (en) | A kind of high efficiency gas power generator system suitable for gasification of biomass Poly-generation | |
| CN201589537U (en) | Device utilizing deaerating feed to heat condensed water in cement kiln afterheat generation |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |