CN211680178U - Milling cutter and machining equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a milling cutter and machining equipment, this milling cutter include the arbor the side of arbor is provided with the side sword, the side sword includes many spiral sword, and the definition the tangential direction of spiral sword with the axial contained angle of arbor is the helix angle, the helix angle is greater than the upper surface edge of the processing side of treating the machined part and the contained angle of horizontal direction. The embodiment of the utility model provides a pair of helical angle of milling cutter's spiral blade, owing to be greater than the upper surface edge of treating the processing side of machined part and the contained angle of horizontal direction, the spiral blade will be amputated to the inboard by cutting material to the burr on the edge of restraining to treat the machined part produces, has realized the finished product stable performance after the processing is accomplished, the effect of reliable quality.

Description

A milling cutter and machining equipment

technical field

The utility model relates to the technical field of machining tools, and more particularly, the utility model relates to a milling cutter and machining equipment.

Background technique

When milling some materials with ductile properties, burrs are formed due to plastic deformation during the extrusion deformation of the tool and the material and the separation of the chip and the material. Products with burrs will fall off due to various external factors during use. The shed burrs may affect the operating environment of the system where the product is located, causing jamming or blockage, hindering the stable operation of the system. In the current operating system, the conductive medium with burr will generate tip discharge due to the burr, which may damage other conductive materials in a short distance; or the burr will hurt other objects, resulting in damage to other objects or leakage of contents.

Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new technical solution to solve at least one of the above technical problems.

Utility model content

One purpose of the present invention is to provide a milling cutter and machining equipment.

According to one aspect of the present invention, a milling cutter is provided, comprising a cutter shaft, a side edge is provided on the side of the cutter shaft, the side edge comprises a plurality of helical blades, and the tangential direction of the helical blade is defined as the same as that of the helical blade. The included angle in the axial direction of the cutter shaft is a helix angle, and the helix angle is greater than the included angle between the edge of the upper surface of the machining side of the workpiece to be machined and the horizontal direction.

Optionally or alternatively, the arbor is cylindrical or conical.

Optionally or alternatively, an end edge is provided at the bottom end of the cutter shaft.

Optionally or alternatively, the helical edge is connected to the end edge.

Optionally or alternatively, the included angle between the end edge and the horizontal direction is defined as a secondary declination angle, and the secondary declination angle is 2°˜5°.

Optionally or alternatively, the helix angle is 10°˜60°.

Optionally or alternatively, the milling cutter is a face milling cutter, a fillet milling cutter or a ball nose milling cutter.

Optionally or alternatively, flutes are formed between adjacent helical edges.

Optionally or alternatively, the milling cutter is a left-handed milling cutter.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a mechanical processing equipment is provided, including the above-mentioned milling cutter.

The helix angle α of the helical edge of the rotary milling cutter provided by the embodiment of the present invention is larger than the angle β between the upper surface edge of the machining side of the workpiece to be processed and the horizontal direction, and the helical edge will cut the material to be cut downward. , in order to suppress the generation of burrs on the edge A of the workpiece to be processed, and realize the effect of stable performance and reliable quality of the finished product after processing.

Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Description of drawings

The accompanying drawings, which form a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the front structure of a milling cutter according to an embodiment of the present invention.

2 is a schematic side view of a cutting method of a workpiece to be processed by a milling cutter according to an embodiment of the present invention.

3 is a perspective view of a cutting method of a workpiece to be processed by a milling cutter according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Description of reference numbers:

1- helical edge, 2- workpiece to be machined, 3- chip flute.

Detailed ways

Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the relative arrangement of components and steps, the numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention unless specifically stated otherwise.

The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application or uses in any way.

Techniques and devices known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques and devices should be considered part of the specification.

In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values should be construed as illustrative only and not limiting. Accordingly, other instances of the exemplary embodiment may have different values.

It should be noted that like numerals and letters refer to like items in the following figures, so once an item is defined in one figure, it does not require further discussion in subsequent figures.

As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 , an embodiment of the present invention discloses a milling cutter. This milling cutter is used for milling of components.

The milling cutter is a left-handed milling cutter or a right-handed milling cutter. For example, in the case of a left-handed milling cutter, the milling cutter is mounted on a processing device that rotates clockwise (view from above); in the case of a right-handed milling cutter, the milling cutter is mounted on a counterclockwise rotating machining device (top view angle).

As shown in Figure 1, the milling cutter includes a tool shaft, which is divided into a shank part and a cutting part. The shank part is the fixed part of the milling cutter. A side edge is provided on the side surface of the tool shaft, and the side edge is provided on the cutting portion. The side edges include a plurality of helical edges 1 . Define the angle between the tangent line T of the helical edge 1 and the axial direction E of the tool shaft as the helix angle α, which is greater than the angle β between the upper surface edge A of the machining side of the workpiece 2 and the horizontal direction D .

As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, when in use, the milling cutter is installed on the motor of the machining equipment; the workpiece 2 to be processed is fixed on the bearing part of the machining equipment;

According to the β value of the angle between the edge A of the workpiece to be processed and the horizontal direction, select a left-handed milling cutter with a helix angle α value greater than the included angle β value, or a right-handed milling cutter;

Since the helix angle α of the helical edge 1 is greater than the angle β between the upper surface edge A on the machined side of the workpiece 2 and the horizontal direction D, the cutting force exerted by the helical edge 1 on the edge A during the cutting process The direction is inward (that is, toward the inside of the material of the workpiece 2 to be processed), which achieves the effect of suppressing the burr of the edge A from turning outward, and finally realizes the stable performance, reliable quality and high processing efficiency of the finished product after processing. Effect.

As shown in FIG. 3 , during the cutting process, a milling cutter is used to mill the burrs on the edge A from the outside of the edge A of the workpiece 2 to the inside of the edge A.

The arrow C in FIG. 3 is the cutting path of the milling cutter, and the cutting path is a detour path.

The arrow S is the stepping direction of the milling cutter, that is, after completing the milling of a linear trajectory, the machining equipment drives the milling cutter to step in the direction of the arrow S to cut the next linear trajectory.

In one embodiment, the side edge includes four helical edges 1 , and the four helical edges 1 are evenly spaced and spirally arranged. The four helical edges 1 are spaced 90° in the circumferential direction of the cutter shaft. This setting makes the cutting speed of the side edge of the milling cutter fast, and the surface of the cut part is smooth. Of course, the number of helical edges 1 is not limited to four, and those skilled in the art can set them according to actual conditions.

In one embodiment, the arbor is cylindrical or conical. The cylindrical milling cutter in this embodiment can suppress the generation of burrs on the horizontal edge or the oblique edge when cutting a step with a vertical surface.

The tapered milling cutter in this embodiment can suppress the generation of burrs when cutting the edge that intersects the inclined surface.

In one embodiment, an end edge is provided at the bottom end of the cutter shaft. For example, the end blades are radially arranged at the bottom end of the side blades, and the end blades are linear, arc-shaped, curved, and the like. In this example, the end edge and the side edge are combined to enable simultaneous milling of both the plane and the elevation of the workpiece to be machined.

In one embodiment, the helical blade 1 is connected to the end blade. For example, the helical blade and the end blade are integrally formed, forming a smooth connection. When milling, the cutting edge of the milling cutter is not easy to be damaged, and the effect of resisting external resistance is stronger.

In one embodiment, the material of the milling cutter is high-speed tool steel, cemented carbide, or the like.

High-speed tool steel and cemented carbide have the following advantages:

High hardness and wear resistance: At normal temperature, the cutting part of the material has enough hardness to cut into the workpiece; with high wear resistance, the tool will not wear and prolong the service life.

Good heat resistance: the tool will generate a lot of heat during the cutting process, especially when the cutting speed is high, the temperature will be very high, therefore, it can maintain high hardness at high temperature, and can continue to cut The properties of high temperature hardness, also known as hot hardness or red hardness.

High strength and good toughness: During the cutting process, the tool can withstand a large impact force without breaking and damage. Milling cutters can withstand shock and vibration. Therefore, high-speed tool steel and cemented carbide also have good toughness and are not easy to chip and chip.

Among them, the alloying elements of high-speed tool steel have high content of tungsten, chromium, molybdenum and vanadium, and the quenching hardness can reach HRC62-70. At a high temperature of 600 ° C, it can still maintain a high hardness.

The cutting edge has good strength and toughness, strong vibration resistance, and can be used to manufacture tools with average cutting speed. For machine tools with poor rigidity, high-speed steel milling cutters can still be cut smoothly.

The process performance is good, forging, machining and sharpening are relatively easy, and tools with complex shapes can also be manufactured.

Compared with cemented carbide materials, there are still disadvantages such as lower hardness, poor red hardness and wear resistance.

Among them, cemented carbide is made of metal carbide, tungsten carbide, titanium carbide and cobalt-based metal binder through powder metallurgy process.

Its main features are as follows:

It can withstand high temperature and can still maintain good cutting performance at about 800-1000 ° C. When cutting, a cutting speed that is 4-8 times higher than that of high-speed steel can be selected.

High hardness at room temperature and good wear resistance.

The bending strength is low, the impact toughness is poor, and the blade is not easy to sharpen.

Commonly used cemented carbides generally include the following:

Tungsten-cobalt cemented carbide, commonly used grades YG3, YG6, YG8, where the number represents the percentage of cobalt content, the more cobalt content, the better the toughness, the better the impact and vibration resistance, but will reduce the hardness and wear resistance. Therefore, the alloy is suitable for cutting cast iron and non-ferrous metals, and can also be used to cut rough and hardened steel and stainless steel parts.

Titanium-cobalt cemented carbide, commonly used grades are YT5, YT15, YT30, the number indicates the percentage of titanium carbide. After the cemented carbide contains titanium carbide, the bonding temperature of steel can be increased, the friction coefficient can be reduced, and the hardness and wear resistance can be slightly improved, but the bending strength and toughness are reduced, and the properties become brittle. Alloys are suitable for cutting steel parts.

General-purpose cemented carbide, adding an appropriate amount of rare metal carbides, such as tantalum carbide and niobium carbide, to the above two cemented carbides, to refine their grains, improve their normal temperature and high temperature hardness, wear resistance, adhesion Temperature and oxidation resistance can increase the toughness of the alloy. Therefore, this type of cemented carbide tool has good comprehensive cutting performance and versatility. Its grades are: YW1, YW2 and YA6, etc., due to their expensive , mainly used for difficult-to-machine materials, such as high-strength steel, heat-resistant steel, stainless steel, etc.

In one embodiment, the included angle between the end edge and the horizontal direction is defined as the secondary declination angle k, and the secondary declination angle k is 2°˜5°. Compared with the horizontally arranged end edge, within this angle range, the friction area between the end edge and the surface of the material to be cut is smaller. The end edge experiences less resistance when cutting.

The larger the angle of the helix angle of the milling cutter, the greater the resistance the milling cutter receives when feeding, but the angle between the upper surface edge of the machining side of the workpiece to be machined and the horizontal direction can be made larger; otherwise , the smaller the helix angle, the smaller the resistance the milling cutter receives when feeding, but the smaller the angle between the upper surface edge of the machining side of the workpiece to be machined and the horizontal direction can be made.

In one embodiment, the helix angle is 10°˜60°. Within this angle range, burrs can be suppressed for edges of workpieces with various angle specifications.

In one embodiment, the milling cutter is a flat end milling cutter, a face milling cutter, a fillet milling cutter, a round nose milling cutter or an end milling cutter of a ball end milling cutter. The milling cutter can process any one of flat surfaces, inclined surfaces, steps, grooves, curved grooves, forming surfaces, cutting workpieces and curved surfaces.

Those skilled in the art can select the type of milling cutter according to actual needs.

The side cutting edge and the end cutting edge of the end mill provided in this embodiment can be cut at the same time, or can be cut independently.

For example, most workpieces suitable for machining with end mills have one or more sidewall faces that are perpendicular to the bottom face (this face is parallel to the milling machine spindle).

For example, flat-end milling cutters perform fine or rough milling, groove milling, removal of large amounts of stock, small horizontal planes or finishing of contours.

Flat end milling cutter with chamfer, can do rough milling to remove a large amount of blank, and can also finely mill small chamfers on fine flat surfaces (relative to steep surfaces).

For example, ball end mills perform semi-finishing and finishing of surfaces.

For example, round nose milling cutters perform rough milling with less surface change, less narrow recessed areas, and more relatively flat areas.

In actual processing, the selection of cutting speed mainly depends on the material of the workpiece to be processed; the selection of feed speed mainly depends on the material of the workpiece to be processed and the diameter of the milling cutter. The selection of cutting parameters is also affected by many factors such as the machine tool, tool system, the shape of the workpiece to be processed, and the clamping method. The cutting speed and feed rate should be adjusted according to the actual situation.

When the tool life is the priority factor, the cutting speed and feed rate can be appropriately reduced; when the chip separation from the edge is not good, the cutting speed can be appropriately increased.

The milling cutter provided in this embodiment can be applied to many metal and non-metal processing fields such as machinery manufacturing, automobile manufacturing, aerospace, rail locomotive, glasses processing, industrial manufacturing, ships, clocks, molds, electronics, mobile phones, etc.

In one embodiment, chip flutes 3 are formed between adjacent helical edges. The chip flutes 3 are used to remove chips generated during cutting. For example, the cross-sectional shape of the chip flute 3 is an arc shape, a V shape, a U shape, or the like. For example, the helical flutes and flutes are machined in one piece. During processing, chip flutes are formed by removing material or rolling. This machining method makes the size of the chip flute 3 more precise.

For example, the flute 3 of a left-handed milling cutter spirals up from right to left. The flutes of right-hand milling cutters spiral up from left to right.

The number of chip removal grooves is not limited here, and those skilled in the art can choose according to actual needs.

This embodiment also discloses a mechanical processing equipment, including the above-mentioned milling cutter. The mechanical processing equipment of this embodiment realizes that the processed finished parts are free of burrs, so that the performance is stable and the quality is reliable.

Although some specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail by way of examples, those skilled in the art should understand that the above examples are for illustration only and not for limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments may be modified without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A milling cutter, characterized in that: comprising a cutter shaft, a side edge is provided on the side of the cutter shaft, and the side edge comprises a plurality of helical edges, defining the tangential direction of the helical edge and the cutter shaft The included angle of the axial direction is the helix angle, and the helix angle is greater than the included angle between the upper surface edge of the processing side of the workpiece to be processed and the horizontal direction. 2 . The milling cutter according to claim 1 , wherein the cutter shaft is cylindrical or conical. 3 . 3 . The milling cutter according to claim 1 , wherein an end blade is provided at the bottom end of the cutter shaft. 4 . 4. The milling cutter according to claim 3, wherein the helical edge is connected to the end edge. 5 . The milling cutter according to claim 3 , wherein the included angle between the tangential direction of the end edge and the horizontal direction is defined as a secondary declination angle, and the secondary declination angle is 2°˜5°. 6 . 6 . The milling cutter according to claim 1 , wherein the helix angle is 10°˜60°. 7 . 7 . The milling cutter according to claim 1 , wherein the milling cutter is a plane milling cutter, a fillet milling cutter or a ball end milling cutter. 8 . 8. The milling cutter according to claim 1, wherein a chip flute is formed between adjacent helical edges. 9. The milling cutter according to claim 1, wherein the milling cutter is a left-handed milling cutter. 10. A machining equipment, characterized in that it comprises the milling cutter according to any one of claims 1-9.

Images