CN211664974U

CN211664974U - Straw-based organic fertilizer differential fermentation system

Info

Publication number: CN211664974U
Application number: CN202020127977.0U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 邱进; 周晓锋; 李怡冰; 王李明
Original assignee: Nanjing Bailong Organic Agricultural Technology Development Co ltd
Current assignee: Nanjing Bailong Organic Agricultural Technology Development Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-01-20
Filing date: 2020-01-20
Publication date: 2020-10-13
Anticipated expiration: 2030-01-20

Abstract

The utility model discloses a straw base fertilizer differential fermentation system belongs to organic fertilizer preparation technical field. The fermentation tank consists of a first shell, a heating part, a first stirring part and a backflow part, the backflow pipe is formed by communicating two first backflow pipes vertical to the recovery box and a second backflow pipe parallel to the recovery box, and a spray head is arranged on the second backflow pipe; the first stirring part comprises a plurality of Y-shaped stirrers and is arranged above the reflux box; and a hole clapboard is arranged between the Y-shaped stirrer and the reflux box. The straw particles on the upper layer and the lower layer are uniformly exchanged under the action of the Y-shaped stirrer in the pulverizer, so that the labor is saved; straw particles entering the fermentation tank are changed into fine particle materials through treatment of the pulverizer, so that the surface area of the straw particles mixed with microorganisms is increased, and the production efficiency of organic fertilizers is greatly improved; the arrangement of the reflux pipe and the spray head solves the current situation that the utilization rate of the microbial inoculum is extremely low in the traditional microbial inoculum treatment.

Description

Straw-based organic fertilizer differential fermentation system

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizer preparation, concretely relates to straw base fertilizer differential fermentation system and straw base fertilizer preparation method.

Background

With the continuous development of society, several problems faced by traditional agriculture are highlighted: firstly, China produces a large country as crops, and the requirement for resource utilization of crop straws is increasingly strong under the era background that environmental protection policies are increasingly normalized and stricter. Secondly, in agricultural production in China, a large amount of inorganic fertilizers are used, so that cultivated land in China has the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like which are greatly improved, but the content of organic matters is reduced, the direct consequence is that plant diseases and insect pests are increased, the physical structural characteristics and the microbial system of the soil are seriously damaged, the operation is repeated, the whole organic matter content of the soil is greatly reduced, and the inorganic fertilizers and pesticide residues are greatly increased in the soil. The soil is acidified, hardened and poor in air permeability, and the water retention capacity and the fertilizer retention capacity are greatly reduced, so that the sustainable development of agriculture in China is severely restricted. Therefore, the biomass restoration of the soil and the restoration and reduction of the soil ecosystem, and the realization of organic agriculture and pollution-free agriculture are also the leading direction of agricultural development in China. The resource utilization of the straws meets the requirement of environmental protection, the straws are used as the substrate of the biomass organic fertilizer, and the biomass organic fertilizer using the straws as the raw material has become a globally accepted optimal scheme for soil biomass modification and green organic agriculture sustainable development due to excellent biological activity for soil improvement and a unique repairing mode aiming at the existing problems of hardening, water permeability and the like of the soil.

The common problems faced by the current biomass fermentation method for resource utilization of straws are that the production industry is relatively complex, the conventional method is adopted at present for strain cultivation, the recycling process of temperature, humidity and fermentation liquor is not mature, the cost is high, and the cultivation speed and efficiency are to be improved. Therefore, the method starts from the basic substrate of the biomass fermentation straw, improves the efficiency of differential fermentation of the straw-based soil improvement organic fertilizer from the angles of contact area, crushing means, temperature control, plant nutrient absorption rate and recycling of fermentation liquor, optimizes the preparation process of the biomass organic fertilizer, and improves the preparation efficiency and quality of the straw-based biomass organic fertilizer from the physical and chemical angles.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

Based on this, in order to realize the purpose of the biomass fermentation of resource utilization straw, overcome the straw base soil improvement fertilizer differential fermentation in traditional processing method's inefficiency, with high costs scheduling problem, the utility model provides a straw base fertilizer differential fermentation system and straw base fertilizer preparation method.

In order to realize the purpose, the utility model discloses the technical scheme who takes is:

a differential fermentation system of straw-based organic fertilizer comprises a pulverizer and a fermentation tank, wherein the fermentation tank consists of a first shell, a heating part, a first stirring part and a backflow part, the heating part is a plurality of communicated water injection pipelines which are uniformly distributed in the fermentation tank, and the water injection pipelines are communicated with heating equipment outside the shell; the backflow part consists of a recovery box at the bottom of the fermentation tank, a backflow pipe and a backflow pump, wherein the backflow pipe is communicated with the recovery box and is formed by two first backflow pipes perpendicular to the recovery box and a second backflow pipe parallel to the recovery box, and a spray head is arranged on the second backflow pipe; the first stirring part comprises a plurality of Y-shaped stirrers and is arranged above the reflux box; and a hole clapboard is arranged between the Y-shaped stirrer and the reflux box.

Further, the grinder includes second casing, second stirring portion, shale shaker and aggregate bin, the shale shaker is located the below in the grinder casing, second stirring portion comprises horizontal agitator and vertical agitator, horizontal agitator is the horizontal impulse type agitator that sets up in one side of casing, the Y shape agitator of shale shaker top is located for perpendicular to vertical agitator, aggregate bin is located the below of shale shaker.

Further, the Y-shaped stirrer can realize reciprocating motion along the axial direction while stirring.

Further, the Y-shaped stirrer comprises a motor, a first rotating shaft connected with the motor, a second rotating shaft connected with the first rotating shaft through a conveyor belt, a second rod connected with the second rotating shaft, a first rod connected with the second rod through a hinge, and a Y-shaped rigid body connected with the first rod. The Y-shaped stirrer moves up and down under the driving of the motor, so that the uniform exchange of upper-layer particles and lower-layer particles is realized, meanwhile, the stirring speed is greatly accelerated, and the straw crushing efficiency and the mixing efficiency of microorganisms and straw powder are remarkably improved. The Y-shaped stirrer is controlled by a motor, after the power system starts to supply power, the first rotating shaft of the motor starts to work normally and drives the second rotating shaft to rotate, and the first rod piece and the second rod piece which are connected through the hinge move continuously under the rotation of the second rotating shaft and exert acting force on the Y-shaped stirrer to drive the Y-shaped stirrer to move up and down.

Further, hole baffle hole diameter is 50 to 100 microns, and the commonality problem of present agricultural preparation fertilizer is that the microbial inoculum adopts the mode that traditional manual was mixed with the matrix straw, and efficiency is not high and area of contact is not big, can not provide required contact surface and the reproductive efficiency of microbial inoculum breed by the maximum efficiency. The utility model discloses concentrate high concentration mixed microbial inoculum in the fermentation vat bottom, promote it through the back flow that relies on pump work, the rethread shower nozzle sprays, has improved the utilization ratio of mixed microbial inoculum greatly, has also solved the high-efficient recycling problem of zymotic fluid.

Further, the vibrating screen comprises a screen mesh, and the mesh number of the screen mesh is 80-200 meshes. The vibrating screen is a filtering mechanical separation device and consists of a screen and a vibrator, wherein the thickness of the screen is expressed by meshes, generally, a coarse screen below 50 meshes is used as a coarse screen, and a fine screen above 80 meshes is used as a fine screen. The vibrator is an eccentric wheel and is driven by the motor to rotate, so that the sieve frame vibrates. Due to the vibration of the sieve frame, when straw particles flow onto the sieve surface, thicker solid particles are left on the sieve surface and are discharged from one end along the inclined surface, and thinner solid particles flow to the lower tank through the sieve holes. The utility model provides a fine screen cloth is selected to the shale shaker that uses, makes the straw granule that is less than the regulation particle diameter pass through the sieve mesh and get into below collection feed bin, and the straw granule that is greater than the regulation particle diameter continues to receive the stirring, until all fall into collection feed bin.

The devices needing the power system in the technical scheme are all connected with the power system, and the prior art is used for reference, which is not described in the text.

The utility model also provides a method for preparing straw-based organic fertilizer by using the fermentation system, which comprises the following steps:

(1) adding straws into the pulverizer, pulverizing the straws, and then obtaining straw particles in a material collecting bin; the size of the crushed straw is 200 microns-0.1 cm;

(2) adding the straw particles obtained in the step (1) into the fermentation tank, adding a mixed microbial inoculum at the same time, starting the fermentation tank, fermenting at 40-60 ℃ for 5-30 days to obtain a straw fermentation material, wherein the mixed microbial inoculum comprises an EM microbial inoculum, urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate;

(3) mixing and stirring the straw fermentation material obtained in the step (2) with bentonite and attapulgite to prepare a coarse material;

(4) granulating and drying the coarse material obtained in the step (3) to obtain a straw-based organic fertilizer;

further, the raw materials in the method are as follows:

500-860 portions of straw

Urea 2-10 portions

Diammonium phosphate 1.2-6 portions

Potassium sulfate 1.5-7.5 portions

Bentonite 100-150 portions

Attapulgite 50-100 shares

EM microbial inoculum 2-8 parts

Water 500-900 portions.

The EM microbial inoculum organically integrates ten and eighty microbes of five main beneficial bacteria (including photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast bacteria, gram-positive actinomycetes and filamentous bacteria of a fermentation system) in nature to form a powerful functional population, beneficial substances and secretions generated by the functional population in growth become the basis of respective or mutual growth, and a complex and stable microbial ecosystem is formed through the proliferation relationship.

The water injection pipeline in the fermentation tank ensures that the temperature of the fermentation tank system is maintained at the optimum growth temperature of 40-60 ℃ through the heating system, realizes rapid propagation through the appropriate temperature for the propagation of microbial floras, can be set as required according to air temperature and environmental temperature, ensures different stages of the propagation of the microbial floras, can provide stable propagation and fermentation temperature, and further accelerates the rapid propagation process of the microbial floras.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses an innovation part lies in: designed one kind and can high-efficiently smash the straw, from the basic matrix of biomass fermentation straw, from area of contact, crushing means, these several angles of temperature control, plant nutrition absorption rate, the recycle of zymotic fluid, improved the device of straw base soil improvement fertilizer differential fermentation's efficiency, optimized biomass organic fertilizer's preparation technology, promoted straw base biomass organic fertilizer's preparation efficiency and quality from the physicochemical angle. The straw particles on the upper layer and the lower layer are uniformly exchanged under the action of the Y-shaped stirrer in the pulverizer, so that the labor is saved; straw particles entering the fermentation tank are changed into fine particle materials through treatment of the pulverizer, so that the surface area of the straw particles mixed with microorganisms is increased, and the production efficiency of organic fertilizers is greatly improved; the arrangement of the reflux pipe and the spray head solves the current situation that the utilization rate of the microbial inoculum is extremely low in the traditional microbial inoculum treatment, and finally the organic fertilizer can be prepared.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the pulverizer of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of the fermentation tank of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the Y-shaped stirrer according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.

Embodiment 1 differential fermentation system of straw-based organic fertilizer

A differential fermentation system of straw-based organic fertilizer comprises a pulverizer (figure 1) and a fermentation tank (figure 2), wherein the fermentation tank consists of a first shell 2-7, a heating part, a first stirring part and a backflow part, the heating part is a plurality of communicated water injection pipelines 2-5 which are uniformly distributed in the fermentation tank, the vertical four water injection pipelines 2-5 are communicated with a transverse pipeline, the water injection pipelines are communicated with heating equipment outside the shell, circulating water is filled in the pipelines, and the temperature is controlled by the external heating equipment to keep the fermentation tank at a constant temperature; the return part consists of a recovery box 2-3 at the bottom of the fermentation tank, a return pipe 2-4 communicated with the recovery box 2-3 and a return pump (not shown in the figure), the return pipe 2-4 is formed by communicating two first return pipes 2-4-1 vertical to the recovery box 2-3 and a second return pipe 2-4-2 parallel to the recovery box, and a spray head 2-6 is arranged on the second return pipe 2-4-2; the first stirring part comprises a plurality of Y-shaped stirrers 2-1, the Y-shaped stirrers 2-1 are arranged above the recovery box 2-3, and one Y-shaped stirrer 2-1 is arranged between the two water injection pipelines; a hole clapboard 2-2 is arranged between the Y-shaped stirrer 2-1 and the reflux box 2-3, and the diameter of the hole clapboard is 50-100 microns.

The pulverizer comprises a second shell 1-1, a second stirring part, a vibrating screen 1-4 and a material collecting bin 1-5, wherein the vibrating screen 1-4 is located below the pulverizer shell, the second stirring part comprises a transverse stirrer 1-2 and a vertical stirrer 1-3, the transverse stirrer 1-2 is a transverse pushing type stirrer arranged on one side of the shell, the vertical stirrer is a Y-shaped stirrer 1-3 vertically arranged above the vibrating screen, and the material collecting bin 1-5 is located below the vibrating screen 1-4. The vibrating screen 1-4 comprises a screen mesh 1-4-1, and the mesh number of the screen mesh is 80 meshes.

The Y-shaped stirrer 2-1 can realize reciprocating motion along the axial direction while stirring, and the Y-shaped stirrer 2-1 (figure 3) of the embodiment comprises a motor 2-1-5, a first rotating shaft 2-1-6 connected with the motor 2-1-5, a second rotating shaft 2-1-7 connected with the first rotating shaft 2-1-6 through a conveyor belt, a second rod member 2-1-4 connected with the second rotating shaft 2-1-7, a first rod member 2-1-2 connected with the second rod member 2-1-4 through a hinge 2-1-3, and a Y-shaped rigid body 2-1-1 connected with the first rod member 2-1-2. The Y-shaped stirrer 2-1 moves up and down under the driving of the motor, so that the uniform exchange of upper-layer particles and lower-layer particles is realized, meanwhile, the stirring speed is greatly increased, and the straw crushing efficiency and the mixing efficiency of microorganisms and straw powder are remarkably improved. The Y-shaped stirrer 2-1 is controlled by a motor, after a power system starts to supply power, a first rotating shaft 2-1-6 of the motor starts to work normally and drives a second rotating shaft 2-1-7 to rotate, and a first rod piece 2-1-2 and a second rod piece 2-1-4 which are connected through a hinge 2-1-3 move continuously under the rotation of the second rotating shaft 2-1-7 and exert acting force on the Y-shaped stirrer to drive the Y-shaped stirrer to move up and down.

Example 2 method for preparing straw-based organic fertilizer by using fermentation system of example 1

The method comprises the following specific steps:

(1) adding straws into the pulverizer, pulverizing the straws, and then obtaining straw particles in the material collecting bin; the size of the crushed straw is 200 microns-0.1 cm;

(2) adding the straw particles obtained in the step (1) into a fermentation tank, adding a mixed microbial inoculum, starting the fermentation tank, namely starting a Y-shaped stirrer to stir, wherein the fermentation temperature is 60 ℃, and the fermentation time is 10 days to obtain a straw fermentation material, wherein the mixed microbial inoculum comprises an EM microbial inoculum, urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate; the Y-shaped stirrer continuously moves up and down and promotes mixed microbial inoculum and straw granule mixing rate greatly, and during the box was collected to partial mixed microbial inoculum infiltration entering below, the suction through the back flow promoted, sprayed the differential mixed microbial inoculum of department by the upper portion shower nozzle, carried on again with straw granule hybrid process, realized the cyclic utilization of mixed microbial inoculum, promoted the output efficiency of organic fertilizer, increaseed the utilization ratio of mixed microbial inoculum greatly.

the raw materials in the method are as follows:

760 parts of straw, 6 parts of urea, 3 parts of diammonium phosphate, 4 parts of potassium sulfate, 120 parts of bentonite, 60 parts of attapulgite, 6 parts of EM microbial inoculum and 800 parts of water.

Example 3 method for preparing straw-based organic fertilizer by using fermentation system of example 1

The method comprises the following specific steps:

(2) adding the straw particles obtained in the step (1) into the fermentation tank, adding a mixed microbial inoculum at the same time, starting the fermentation tank, fermenting at the temperature of 50 ℃ for 20 days to obtain a straw fermentation material, wherein the mixed microbial inoculum comprises an EM microbial inoculum, urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate;

the raw materials in the method are as follows: 680 parts of straw, 7 parts of urea, 2.1 parts of diammonium phosphate, 5.7 parts of potassium sulfate, 140 parts of bentonite, 60 parts of attapulgite, 7 parts of EM microbial inoculum and 680 parts of water.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, a plurality of modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A differential fermentation system of straw-based organic fertilizer comprises a pulverizer and a fermentation tank, and is characterized in that the fermentation tank consists of a first shell, a heating part, a first stirring part and a backflow part, wherein the heating part is a plurality of communicated water injection pipelines uniformly distributed in the fermentation tank, and the water injection pipelines are communicated with heating equipment outside the shell; the backflow part consists of a recovery box at the bottom of the fermentation tank, a backflow pipe and a backflow pump, wherein the backflow pipe is communicated with the recovery box and is formed by two first backflow pipes perpendicular to the recovery box and a second backflow pipe parallel to the recovery box, and a spray head is arranged on the second backflow pipe; the first stirring part comprises a plurality of Y-shaped stirrers and is arranged above the reflux box; and a hole clapboard is arranged between the Y-shaped stirrer and the reflux box.

2. The differential fermentation system of straw-based organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pulverizer includes a second housing, a second stirring portion, a vibrating screen and a collecting bin, the vibrating screen is located below the pulverizer housing, the second stirring portion is composed of a transverse stirrer and a vertical stirrer, the transverse stirrer is a transverse pushing stirrer arranged on one side of the housing, the vertical stirrer is a Y-shaped stirrer vertically arranged above the vibrating screen, and the collecting bin is located below the vibrating screen.

3. The differential fermentation system of straw-based organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the Y-shaped stirrer can realize reciprocating motion along the axial direction while stirring.

4. The differential fermentation system of straw-based organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 3, wherein the Y-shaped stirrer comprises a motor, a first rotating shaft connected with the motor, a second rotating shaft connected with the first rotating shaft through a conveyor belt, a second rod connected with the second rotating shaft, a first rod connected with the second rod through a hinge, and a Y-shaped rigid body connected with the first rod.

5. The differential fermentation system of straw-based organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the diameter of the holes of the hole partition is 50-100 microns.

6. The differential fermentation system of straw-based organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the vibrating screen comprises a screen mesh, and the screen mesh is 80-200 meshes.