CN211588234U - Quick stamping die in sheet metal area - Google Patents

Quick stamping die in sheet metal area Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN211588234U
CN211588234U CN201922049283.XU CN201922049283U CN211588234U CN 211588234 U CN211588234 U CN 211588234U CN 201922049283 U CN201922049283 U CN 201922049283U CN 211588234 U CN211588234 U CN 211588234U
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
die
groove
stamping
auxiliary heating
template
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CN201922049283.XU
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
徐登波
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Changxiang Feixiang Sheet Metal Technology Co ltd
Original Assignee
Changxiang Feixiang Sheet Metal Technology Co ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Changxiang Feixiang Sheet Metal Technology Co ltd filed Critical Changxiang Feixiang Sheet Metal Technology Co ltd
Priority to CN201922049283.XU priority Critical patent/CN211588234U/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN211588234U publication Critical patent/CN211588234U/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Landscapes

  • Punching Or Piercing (AREA)

Abstract

The utility model discloses a rapid stamping die for a metal sheet belt, which comprises a hydraulic column, a hydraulic column seat, a positioning pin, an auxiliary heating device, an impurity outlet, a cooling device, a lower template, an upper template and a material removing device, the auxiliary heating device is adopted to preheat the stamped material at the corner position of the die, thereby leading the material to be easier to deform when stamping, leading the material to be easier to form when stamping, avoiding the incomplete stamping condition, leading the quality of the workpiece after stamping to be better, the cooling device is arranged to cool the workpiece after stamping is finished, enhancing the hardness of the workpiece, avoiding the workpiece to be damaged when the upper die and the lower die are separated, the material removing device is arranged to separate the workpiece from the material, avoiding manual demoulding, greatly improving the stamping efficiency, simultaneously reducing the burden of workers, the impurity outlet arranged can remove the residual material remained on the lower template, the next workpiece is conveniently punched.

Description

Quick stamping die in sheet metal area
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of metal belt stamping dies; in particular to a rapid stamping die for a metal sheet belt.
Background
The stamping is a forming method in which a press and a die are used to apply external force to a plate, a strip, a pipe, a profile and the like to cause plastic deformation or separation, thereby obtaining a workpiece (stamping part) with a required shape and size. The stamping die is a special tool for processing materials (metal or nonmetal) into required stamping parts in batches, and the existing stamping die is simple in structure, only comprises an upper die and a lower die and is used. The punching die is placed on the lower die, the upper die is adopted for punching, the punching piece is taken out later, the punching piece is cleaned out, the punching piece is punched again after punching waste is finished, the punching piece is connected with a material after the punching is finished, manual demolding is needed after the punching is finished, the work burden of workers is greatly improved, meanwhile, the punching speed of a product is influenced, the punching efficiency is extremely low, the existing punching die is particularly the punching die for processing a metal sheet belt, in the processing process, the punching piece is thin, the corner position is easy to punch in the punching process, the product quality is influenced, the punching temperature is higher due to bending of the material during punching, and when the upper die and the lower die are separated, the punching piece is easy to deform to further reduce the quality.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
An object of the utility model is to provide a quick stamping die in sheet metal area to it is heavy to solve current die use workman burden, and product production efficiency is low and towards the relatively poor technical problem of quality of piece.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a rapid stamping die for a metal sheet strip, comprising a hydraulic column, a hydraulic column base, a positioning pin, an auxiliary heating device, an impurity outlet, a cooling device, a lower template, an upper template and a stripping device, wherein the impurity outlet is arranged on the upper end surface of the lower template, and the impurity outlet obliquely penetrates through the upper end surface of the lower template and the side surface of the lower template, the auxiliary heating device is arranged inside the lower template and penetrates out from the left side of the lower template, the cooling device is arranged inside the lower template and penetrates out from the right side of the lower template, the positioning pin is fixed on the upper end surface of the lower template, the upper template is arranged on the upper end surface of the lower template, the upper template is connected with the positioning pin in a penetrating manner, the stripping device is arranged on the lower end surface of the upper template, and the stripping device penetrates through the lower end surface of the upper template and extends out of the upper end of the upper template, the stripping device, and hydraulic column base and cope match-plate pattern up end pass through compression spring fixed connection, hydraulic column base lower extreme and take off material device upper end fixed connection, hydraulic column base upper end and hydraulic column fixed connection, compression spring elasticity slightly is greater than the required pressure of sheetmetal area punching press, simultaneously far is less than the holding down force of hydraulic stem.
Furthermore, the hydraulic column base is composed of two parallel plates and two support columns, the two parallel plates are horizontally distributed from top to bottom, the two support columns are vertically fixed between the two parallel plates, and the two support columns are respectively located at two ends of the two parallel plates.
Further, the auxiliary heating device comprises a first electrode end, a second electrode end, a first upper auxiliary heating wire pipe, a first lower auxiliary heating wire pipe, a second lower auxiliary heating wire pipe, a connecting wire and a second upper auxiliary heating wire pipe, the first upper auxiliary heat pipe and the second upper auxiliary heat pipe are arranged at the edge of the pressing die on the upper groove edge of the lower template die groove, the first lower auxiliary heat pipe and the second lower auxiliary heat pipe are arranged at the bottom edge of the groove of the lower template die, one end of the first upper auxiliary thermal tube is connected with the second electrode end, the other end is connected with the first lower auxiliary thermal tube through a connecting lead, one end of the second upper auxiliary thermal tube is connected with the first electrode end, the other end is connected with the second lower auxiliary thermal tube through a connecting lead, the first lower auxiliary heating wire pipe is connected with the second lower auxiliary heating wire pipe through a connecting wire, and the first electrode end and the second electrode end are connected with the anode and the cathode of an external power supply.
Further, cooling device includes coiled pipe, oral siphon and outlet pipe, the coiled pipe is embedded in mould recess tank bottom downside, coiled pipe one end is connected with oral siphon one end, and the other end is connected with outlet pipe one end, external water pipe is connected to the oral siphon other end, the basin is connected to the outlet pipe other end.
Further, the lower bolster includes feed chute, bed die, feeding restriction groove and stamping die recess, the stamping die recess is located on the bed die up end, stamping die recess one end is equipped with the feeding restriction groove, and the other end is equipped with the feed chute, feed chute and feeding restriction groove establish all to locate on the bed die up end, the feed chute runs through stamping die recess and bed die lateral wall, feeding restriction groove tank bottom is equipped with out miscellaneous mouthful, the feeding restriction groove link up with the bed die lateral wall through going out miscellaneous mouthful.
Further, the cope match-plate pattern includes punching press head, spacing hole and top die, the punching press head is fixed in on the terminal surface under the mould, spacing hole is located on the terminal surface under the mould and is run through the mould, the punching press head cooperatees with the punching press mould recess, spacing hole cooperatees with the locating pin, take off the material device and locate on the terminal surface around the punching press head.
Further, the stripping device comprises a front blade and a rear blade, the front blade is arranged at the upper end of the top edge of one side of the stamping die groove and the feeding limiting groove, the rear blade is arranged at the upper end of the top edge of one side of the stamping die groove and the feeding limiting groove, the front blade and the rear blade are fixedly connected with the hydraulic column base, and the front blade and the rear blade are arranged in the upper die plate and are in sliding connection with the upper die plate.
Further, the utility model discloses a working procedure and principle:
1) inserting the metal sheet belt into the lower die from the feeding groove, and pressing the hydraulic column downwards when the head end of the metal sheet belt is abutted against the side wall of the feeding limiting groove;
2) the hydraulic column pushes the hydraulic column seat to move downwards, the hydraulic column seat pushes the upper die plate to move downwards through the compression spring, the upper die plate punches the metal sheet, the hydraulic column moves downwards continuously, the compression spring is compressed, the front blade and the rear blade move downwards to be in contact with the metal sheet, and the punched metal sheet is separated from the un-punched metal sheet;
3) and then, the hydraulic column moves upwards, the hydraulic column base drives the front blade, the rear blade and the upper template to move upwards, the cut head end of the metal sheet belt is moved out from the impurity outlet, the punched metal sheet belt is taken out at the same time, and the step 1) is repeated to punch the metal sheet belt.
The utility model has the advantages that: the utility model discloses an assist the material of heat facility to punching press and be located mould turning position and preheat, thereby make the material make the turning easier deformation make the material make the turning shaping more easily carrying out the punching press at carrying out the punching press, avoid the not thorough condition of punching press to appear, the work piece quality that makes the punching press accomplish is better, the cooling device who is equipped with can accomplish the back at the punching press, the cooling work piece, strengthen work piece hardness, lead to the work piece to damage when avoiding the separation of lower mould, the stripping attachment that is equipped with can make work piece and material separate, remove the artifical drawing of patterns from, improve punching press efficiency greatly, reduce workman's burden simultaneously, the miscellaneous mouthful clout of play that is equipped with can get rid of the clout remaining on the lower bolster, the convenience is punched to next work piece.
Drawings
In order to facilitate understanding for those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the general structure of a rapid stamping die for a metal sheet strip according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of an auxiliary heating device of a rapid stamping die for a metal sheet strip according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a cooling apparatus of a rapid stamping die for a metal sheet strip according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a lower template of the rapid stamping die for a metal sheet strip according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of an upper mold plate of a rapid stamping mold for a metal sheet strip according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a stripping device of a rapid stamping die for a metal sheet strip according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1-6, a rapid stamping die for a metal sheet strip comprises a hydraulic column 1, a hydraulic column base 2, a positioning pin 3, an auxiliary heating device 4, a sundry outlet 5, a cooling device 6, a lower template 7, an upper template 8 and a stripping device 9, wherein the sundry outlet 5 is arranged on the upper end surface of the lower template 7, the sundry outlet 5 obliquely penetrates through the upper end surface of the lower template 7 and the side surface of the lower template 7, the auxiliary heating device 4 is arranged on the inner side of the lower template 7 and penetrates out from the left side of the lower template 7, the cooling device 6 is arranged on the inner side of the lower template 7 and penetrates out from the right side of the lower template 7, the positioning pin 3 is fixed on the upper end surface of the lower template 7, the upper template 8 is arranged on the upper end surface of the lower template 7, the upper template 8 is communicated with the positioning pin 3, the stripping device 9 is arranged on the lower end surface of the upper template 8, the stripping device 9 penetrates through the lower end surface of the upper template 8 and extends out, the upper end of an upper template 8 is arranged on the hydraulic column base 2, the upper end faces of the hydraulic column base 2 and the upper end face of the upper template 8 are fixedly connected through a compression spring, the lower end of the hydraulic column base 2 is fixedly connected with the upper end of a stripping device 9, the upper end of the hydraulic column base 2 is fixedly connected with the hydraulic column 1, and the elasticity of the compression spring is slightly larger than the pressure required by stamping of a metal sheet strip and is far smaller than the lower pressure of a hydraulic rod.
The hydraulic column base 2 is composed of two parallel plates and two support columns, the two parallel plates are horizontally distributed from top to bottom, the two support columns are vertically fixed between the two parallel plates, and the two support columns are respectively positioned at two ends of the two parallel plates.
As shown in fig. 2, the auxiliary heating device 4 includes a first electrode end 41, a second electrode end 42, a first upper auxiliary heating wire tube 43, a first lower auxiliary heating wire tube 44, a second lower auxiliary heating wire tube 45, a connecting wire 46 and a second upper auxiliary heating wire tube 47, the first upper auxiliary heating wire tube 43 and the second upper auxiliary heating wire tube 47 are both disposed at the die edge position of the upper groove edge of the die groove of the lower die plate 7, the first lower auxiliary heating wire tube 44 and the second lower auxiliary heating wire tube 45 are both disposed at the bottom edge position of the die groove of the lower die plate 7, one end of the first upper auxiliary heating wire tube 43 is connected with the second electrode end 42, the other end is connected with the first lower auxiliary heating wire tube 44 through the connecting wire 46, one end of the second upper auxiliary heating wire tube 47 is connected with the first electrode end 41, the other end is connected with the second lower auxiliary heating wire tube 45 through the connecting wire 46, the first lower auxiliary heating wire tube 44 is connected with the second lower auxiliary heating wire tube 45 through the, the first electrode end 41 and the second electrode end 42 are connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the external power source.
As shown in fig. 3, the cooling device 6 includes a coil 61, a water inlet pipe 62 and a water outlet pipe 63, the coil 61 is embedded in the bottom of the groove of the mold, one end of the coil 61 is connected to one end of the water inlet pipe 62, the other end is connected to one end of the water outlet pipe 63, the other end of the water inlet pipe 62 is connected to an external water pipe, and the other end of the water outlet pipe 63 is connected to the water tank.
As shown in fig. 4, the lower mold plate 7 includes a feeding groove 71, a lower mold 72, a feeding limiting groove 73 and a stamping mold groove 74, the stamping mold groove 74 is disposed on the upper end surface of the lower mold 72, the feeding limiting groove 73 is disposed at one end of the stamping mold groove 74, the feeding groove 71 is disposed at the other end of the stamping mold groove 74, the feeding groove 71 and the feeding limiting groove 73 are disposed on the upper end surface of the lower mold 72, the feeding groove 71 penetrates through the stamping mold groove 74 and the outer side wall of the lower mold 72, a sundry outlet 5 is disposed at the bottom of the feeding limiting groove 73, and the feeding limiting groove 73 is communicated with the outer side wall of the lower mold.
As shown in fig. 5, the upper plate 8 includes a stamping head 81, a limiting hole 82 and an upper die 83, the stamping head 81 is fixed on the lower end face of the upper die 83, the limiting hole 82 is disposed on the lower end face of the upper die 83 and penetrates through the upper die 83, the stamping head 81 is matched with the stamping die groove 74, the limiting hole 82 is matched with the positioning pin 3, and the stripping device 9 is disposed on the front and rear end faces of the stamping head 81.
As shown in fig. 6, the stripping device 9 includes a front blade 91 and a rear blade 92, the front blade 91 is disposed at the upper end of the top edge of one side of the stamping die groove 74 and the feeding limiting groove 73, the rear blade 92 is disposed at the upper end of the top edge of one side of the stamping die groove 74 and the feeding groove 71, the front blade 91 and the rear blade 92 are both fixedly connected to the hydraulic column base 2, and the front blade 91 and the rear blade 92 are disposed in the upper die plate 8 and slidably connected to the upper die plate 8.
The utility model discloses a working procedure and principle:
1) inserting the metal sheet belt into a lower die 72 from a feeding groove 71, and pressing the hydraulic column 1 downwards when the head end of the metal sheet belt is abutted against the side wall of a feeding limiting groove 73;
2) the hydraulic column 1 pushes the hydraulic column base 2 to move downwards, the hydraulic column base 2 pushes the upper template 8 to move downwards through the compression spring, the upper template 8 punches the metal sheet, at the moment, the hydraulic column 1 continues to move downwards, the compression spring is compressed, the front blade 91 and the rear blade 92 move downwards to be in contact with the metal sheet, and meanwhile, the punched metal sheet is separated from the un-punched metal sheet;
3) and then, the hydraulic column 1 moves upwards, the hydraulic column base 2 drives the front blade 91, the rear blade 92 and the upper template 8 to move upwards, the cut head end of the metal sheet strip is moved out from the impurity outlet 5, the punched metal sheet strip is taken out at the same time, and the step 1) is repeated to punch the metal sheet strip.
The foregoing is merely exemplary and illustrative of the structure of the invention, and various modifications, additions and substitutions as described in the detailed description may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the structure or exceeding the scope of the invention as defined in the claims.

Claims (7)

1. A rapid stamping die for a metal sheet strip comprises a hydraulic column (1), a hydraulic column base (2), a positioning pin (3), an auxiliary heating device (4), a sundry outlet (5), a cooling device (6), a lower template (7), an upper template (8) and a stripping device (9), and is characterized in that the sundry outlet (5) is arranged on the upper end surface of the lower template (7), the sundry outlet (5) penetrates through the upper end surface of the lower template (7) and the side surface of the lower template (7) in an inclined manner, the auxiliary heating device (4) is arranged on the inner side of the lower template (7) and penetrates out from the left side of the lower template (7), the cooling device (6) is arranged on the inner side of the lower template (7) and penetrates out from the right side of the lower template (7), the positioning pin (3) is fixed on the upper end surface of the lower template (7), the upper template (8) is arranged on the upper end surface of the lower template (7), and the upper template (8) is connected with the positioning pin (3, on taking off material device (9) and locating cope match-plate pattern (8) lower terminal surface, and take off material device (9) and pierce through cope match-plate pattern (8) lower terminal surface and stretch in cope match-plate pattern (8) upper end, take off material device (9) and cope match-plate pattern (8) sliding connection, cope match-plate pattern (8) upper end is established in hydraulic column base (2), and hydraulic column base (2) and cope match-plate pattern (8) up end pass through compression spring fixed connection, hydraulic column base (2) lower extreme and take off material device (9) upper end fixed connection, hydraulic column base (2) upper end and hydraulic column (1) fixed connection.
2. The rapid stamping die for metal sheet strips as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hydraulic post holder (2) is composed of two parallel plates and two support posts, the two parallel plates are distributed horizontally from top to bottom, the two support posts are vertically fixed between the two parallel plates, and the two support posts are respectively located at two ends of the two parallel plates.
3. The rapid stamping die for metal sheet strips as claimed in claim 1, wherein the auxiliary heating device (4) comprises a first electrode end (41), a second electrode end (42), a first upper auxiliary heating wire tube (43), a first lower auxiliary heating wire tube (44), a second lower auxiliary heating wire tube (45), a connecting wire (46) and a second upper auxiliary heating wire tube (47), the first upper auxiliary heating wire tube (43) and the second upper auxiliary heating wire tube (47) are all arranged at the die edge position of the upper groove edge of the die groove of the lower die plate (7), the first lower auxiliary heating wire tube (44) and the second lower auxiliary heating wire tube (45) are all arranged at the die groove bottom edge position of the die groove of the lower die plate (7), one end of the first upper auxiliary heating wire tube (43) is connected with the second electrode end (42), and the other end is connected with the first lower auxiliary heating wire tube (44) through the connecting wire (46), it is connected with first electrode end (41) to assist thermal-arrest pipe (47) one end on the second, and the other end is connected with second lower auxiliary thermal-arrest pipe (45) through connecting wire (46), first lower auxiliary thermal-arrest pipe (44) is connected through connecting wire (46) with second lower auxiliary thermal-arrest pipe (45), first electrode end (41) and second electrode end (42) are connected with external power supply positive negative pole.
4. The rapid stamping die for metal sheet strips as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cooling device (6) comprises a coil pipe (61), a water inlet pipe (62) and a water outlet pipe (63), the coil pipe (61) is embedded in the bottom of the groove of the die, one end of the coil pipe (61) is connected with one end of the water inlet pipe (62), the other end of the coil pipe is connected with one end of the water outlet pipe (63), the other end of the water inlet pipe (62) is connected with an external water pipe, and the other end of the water outlet pipe (63) is connected with a water tank.
5. The rapid stamping die for the metal sheet strip as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lower template (7) comprises a feeding groove (71), a lower die (72), a feeding limiting groove (73) and a stamping die groove (74), the stamping die groove (74) is arranged on the upper end surface of the lower die (72), one end of the stamping die groove (74) is provided with the feeding limiting groove (73), the other end of the stamping die groove is provided with the feeding groove (71), the feeding groove (71) and the feeding limiting groove (73) are arranged on the upper end surface of the lower die (72), the feeding groove (71) penetrates through the stamping die groove (74) and the outer side wall of the lower die (72), the bottom of the feeding limiting groove (73) is provided with the impurity outlet (5), and the feeding limiting groove (73) is communicated with the outer side wall of the lower die (72) through the impurity outlet (5).
6. The rapid stamping die for the metal sheet strip according to claim 1, wherein the upper die plate (8) comprises a stamping head (81), a limiting hole (82) and an upper die (83), the stamping head (81) is fixed on the lower end face of the upper die (83), the limiting hole (82) is arranged on the lower end face of the upper die (83) and penetrates through the upper die (83), the stamping head (81) is matched with the stamping die groove (74), the limiting hole (82) is matched with the positioning pin (3), and the stripping device (9) is arranged on the front end face and the rear end face of the stamping head (81).
7. The rapid stamping die for metal sheet strips as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stripping device (9) comprises a front blade (91) and a rear blade (92), the front blade (91) is disposed at the upper end of the top edge of one side of the stamping die groove (74) and the feeding limiting groove (73), the rear blade (92) is disposed at the upper end of the top edge of one side of the stamping die groove (74) and the feeding groove (71), the front blade (91) and the rear blade (92) are both fixedly connected with the hydraulic column base (2), and the front blade (91) and the rear blade (92) are disposed in the upper die plate (8) and are slidably connected with the upper die plate (8).
CN201922049283.XU 2019-11-25 2019-11-25 Quick stamping die in sheet metal area Expired - Fee Related CN211588234U (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201922049283.XU CN211588234U (en) 2019-11-25 2019-11-25 Quick stamping die in sheet metal area

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201922049283.XU CN211588234U (en) 2019-11-25 2019-11-25 Quick stamping die in sheet metal area

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN211588234U true CN211588234U (en) 2020-09-29

Family

ID=72588934

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201922049283.XU Expired - Fee Related CN211588234U (en) 2019-11-25 2019-11-25 Quick stamping die in sheet metal area

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN211588234U (en)

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN207043145U (en) A kind of automatic charging continuous punching equipment for power battery case
CN202062068U (en) Burr shearing and removing device for die casting
CN211758290U (en) Cylinder bottom mould structure
CN210080520U (en) High-speed stamping die with cooling structure
CN109926503B (en) Lossless forging forming equipment and processing technology for steel
CN206567395U (en) A kind of side piercing die of automobile engine reinforcer
CN211588234U (en) Quick stamping die in sheet metal area
CN207929812U (en) A kind of continuous more than one piece edge rolling mold of automation
CN110756665A (en) Quick stamping die in sheet metal area
CN215785869U (en) One-time stamping forming die for multi-fold protective cover
CN214814192U (en) Stretching die for processing air conditioner chassis
CN205629097U (en) Reverse tensile lid upgrades mould
CN212350107U (en) Adjustable traceless bending die
CN209477145U (en) Necking die for stainless steel sealing cover
CN216757849U (en) Lamp shell and metal outer frame crimping tool
CN204974966U (en) Part forming die
CN219052623U (en) Tooling die for simultaneously pressing aluminum part identification groove and removing burrs
CN219703231U (en) Continuous stamping die of secondary drawing
CN208662286U (en) A kind of stamping die for hardware terminal punching machine
CN219151349U (en) Stamping die for metal rear cover of notebook computer
CN217726841U (en) Novel high-toughness stamping die steel
CN211276171U (en) Continuous stamping pull-down type double-slider die
CN212577326U (en) Forming die for sheet metal part of textile machine
CN216065206U (en) Stamping and bending equipment suitable for forming material plate
CN213079743U (en) Automatic stamping die

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant
CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee

Granted publication date: 20200929

Termination date: 20201125

CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee