CN211573525U - Hard rock tunneling device - Google Patents
Hard rock tunneling device Download PDFInfo
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- CN211573525U CN211573525U CN201921667130.5U CN201921667130U CN211573525U CN 211573525 U CN211573525 U CN 211573525U CN 201921667130 U CN201921667130 U CN 201921667130U CN 211573525 U CN211573525 U CN 211573525U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a hard rock tunnelling device, the device includes: a cutter head; the rotating shaft is arranged on the first surface of the cutter head; the driving device is connected with the rotating shaft and used for driving the cutter head to rotate through the rotating shaft; the cutter is arranged on a second surface, opposite to the first surface, of the cutter disc and is used for cutting rocks; and the auxiliary mechanism is arranged on the cutter head and used for assisting the cutter to cut the rock. The utility model discloses in, through the auxiliary machanism auxiliary tool cutting rock, can cut the rock effectively, improved the broken rock ability of hard rock tunnelling device, avoided the loss of cutter, prolonged the life of cutter, and then reduced the change number of times of cutter, improved broken rock efficiency and efficiency of construction greatly, especially to the high strength rock, more can cut the rock high-efficiently.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a hard rock tunnelling technical field particularly, relates to a hard rock tunnelling device.
Background
In the field of hard rock tunneling, a commonly used rock breaking device is a shield machine (TBM). Because the shield machine has high excavation efficiency and safety far higher than that of excavation by a drilling and blasting method, more and more mountain tunnels are constructed by adopting the shield machine. However, when high-strength rocks such as granite and marble are encountered and the rock breaking capability of the shield machine is reduced, the tunneling efficiency is obviously reduced, the cutter is quickly worn, and the cutter needs to be frequently replaced, so that the utilization rate is reduced. According to measurement and calculation, the loss cost of the cutter accounts for about 30% of the construction cost, the time of the shield machine stopping caused by cutter inspection and replacement accounts for 15% of the total construction time, and therefore the cutter loss accounts for a large proportion of the construction cost, and the cutter inspection and replacement also have great influence on the utilization rate of equipment.
The rock breaking capacity of the shield machine is mainly influenced by the distance between cutters and the bearing capacity of the cutters. Generally, the minimum knife spacing is about 65mm, subject to the structural constraints of the cutterhead. The structure and the volume of the cutter limit the form and the size of the inner bearing of the cutter, the size of the bearing of the cutter directly limits the bearing capacity of the cutter, and the bearing capacity of the current cutter is about 315 kN. Under the limiting conditions of the existing cutter spacing and bearing capacity, the problems of insufficient rock breaking capacity, cutter loss blocks, increased cutter replacement frequency and reduced equipment utilization rate easily occur when the shield machine deals with rocks with the strength of more than 200 MPa.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In view of this, the utility model provides a hard rock tunnelling device aims at solving among the prior art shield structure machine and easily appears breaking rock ability decline, cutter loss piece and the problem of low-usage when meetting the high strength rock.
The utility model provides a hard rock tunnelling device, the device includes: a cutter head; the rotating shaft is arranged on the first surface of the cutter head; the driving device is connected with the rotating shaft and used for driving the cutter head to rotate through the rotating shaft; the cutter is arranged on a second surface, opposite to the first surface, of the cutter disc and is used for cutting rocks; and the auxiliary mechanism is arranged on the cutter head and used for assisting the cutter to cut the rock.
Further, in the above-described hard rock ripping apparatus, an assisting mechanism for assisting the cutter in cutting the rock by reducing the hardness of the rock.
Further, in the hard rock tunneling apparatus, the auxiliary mechanism is disposed in front of the cutter in the rotation direction of the cutter head.
Further, in the hard rock tunneling device, the section of the cutter head is circular, and the cutter and the auxiliary mechanism are located on the same circumference at intervals of a preset distance.
Further, in the hard rock ripping apparatus, the assist mechanism includes: the millimeter wave generating device is arranged on the first surface of the cutter head and used for generating millimeter waves; the injection head is arranged on the second surface of the cutter head; the first end of the waveguide tube is connected with the millimeter wave generating device, the waveguide tube penetrates through the cutter head, and the second end of the waveguide tube is connected with the spray head; wherein the spray head is used for spraying millimeter waves to the rock.
Further, in the hard rock ripping apparatus, the assist mechanism further includes: and the isolator is arranged on the waveguide tube and close to the millimeter wave generating device and is used for removing impurities from the millimeter waves.
Further, in the hard rock ripping apparatus, the assist mechanism further includes: and the blocking piece is arranged in the waveguide tube and close to the injection head, and is used for conveying millimeter waves and preventing sundries from entering the waveguide tube.
Further, in the hard rock tunneling device, the section of the cutter head is circular; the cutters and the auxiliary mechanism form a plurality of cutting groups, and the cutting groups are uniformly distributed on the cutter head along the circumferential direction of the cutter head.
Furthermore, in the hard rock tunneling device, each cutting group is uniformly distributed from the center of the cutter head to the edge along the radial direction of the cutter head to form a cutting row; the cutting rows are a plurality of and are uniformly distributed on the cutter head along the circumferential direction of the cutter head.
The utility model discloses in, through the auxiliary machanism cutter cutting rock, can cut the rock effectively, the broken rock ability of hard rock entry driving device has been improved, the loss of cutter has been avoided, the life of cutter has been prolonged, and then the change number of times of cutter has been reduced, broken rock efficiency and efficiency of construction have been improved greatly, especially to the high strength rock, more can cut the rock high-efficiently, the problem of among the prior art shield structure machine broken rock ability decline, cutter loss piece and low-usage easily appear when meetting the high strength rock has been solved.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Also, like reference numerals are used to refer to like parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hard rock tunneling device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a structural block diagram of a hard rock tunneling device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a hard rock tunneling device provided by an embodiment of the present invention in use;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a hard rock tunneling device according to an embodiment of the present invention in use;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a plurality of cutting rows in the hard rock tunneling device provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that, in the present invention, the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a preferred structure of a hard rock ripping apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown. As shown in the drawing, the hard rock ripping apparatus includes: the cutter comprises a cutter head 1, a driving device 2, a cutter 3 and an auxiliary mechanism 4. Wherein, the cutter head 1 is cylindrical and has a certain thickness. The rotating shaft 5 is arranged on the first surface of the cutter head 1, and the first surface of the cutter head 1 is one of the circular surfaces of the cutter head 1. The driving device 2 is also arranged on the first surface of the cutter head 1, the driving end of the driving device 2 is connected with the rotating shaft 5, and the driving device 2 drives the rotating shaft 5 to rotate so as to drive the cutter head 1 to rotate.
In specific implementation, the rotating shaft 5 is fixedly connected with the cutter head 1.
The cutter 3 is arranged on a second surface of the cutter head 1, the second surface and the first surface are two opposite surfaces, the second surface is the other circular surface of the cutter head 1, and the cutter 3 is used for cutting rocks in rock strata.
It should be noted that the cutter head 1 and the cutter 3 are a cutter head and a rock breaking cutter on the shield machine, and the specific structures and the setting structures of the cutter 3 and the cutter head 1 can refer to the setting of the shield machine, which is not described herein again. That is, the cutter head 1 and the cutter 3 in the embodiment are original components of the shield machine.
In specific implementation, the driving device 2 may determine the rotation speed and the rotation direction of the cutter head 1 according to actual conditions, and this embodiment does not limit this.
The auxiliary mechanism 4 is arranged on the cutter head 1, and the auxiliary mechanism 4 is used for assisting the cutter 3 to cut rock. Preferably, complementary unit 4 is used for coming the auxiliary tool 3 to cut the rock through the hardness that reduces the rock, and like this, the hardness of rock reduces the back, greatly reduced the degree of difficulty of 3 cutting rocks of cutter, and the cutter 3 of being convenient for cuts the rock, has avoided the loss of cutter 3, can also improve broken rock ability.
When the cutter head is used, the cutter head 1 is driven by the driving device 2 to rotate, the cutter 3 and the auxiliary mechanism 4 are driven to rotate together, and therefore rock is cut.
It can be seen that, in this embodiment, through the auxiliary mechanism 4 auxiliary tool 3 cutting rock, can cut the rock effectively, the broken rock ability of hard rock entry driving device has been improved, the loss of cutter 3 has been avoided, the life of cutter 3 has been prolonged, and then the change number of times of cutter 3 has been reduced, broken rock efficiency and efficiency of construction have been improved greatly, especially to high strength rock, the rock can be cut more high-efficiently, the problem that among the prior art shield constructs the machine and easily appears broken rock ability decline, cutter loss piece and low-usage when meetting high strength rock has been solved.
In the above embodiment, the auxiliary mechanism 4 is disposed in front of the cutter 3 in the rotation direction of the cutter head 1. Specifically, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the auxiliary mechanism 4 is respectively disposed in front of the cutter 3 regardless of whether the cutter head 1 rotates clockwise or counterclockwise. Like this, the hardness of rock is reduced at first to complementary unit 4, and then cutter 3 just can cut the rock after reducing the hardness, and the cutting of cutter 3 of being convenient for has protected cutter 3 to broken rock ability has been improved.
In the above embodiment, the cutter head 1 has a circular cross section, and the cutter 3 and the auxiliary mechanism 4 are located on the same circumference and spaced at a predetermined distance. Specifically, on any one circumference of the second surface of the cutter head 1, the cutter 3 and the auxiliary mechanism 4 have a preset distance therebetween. The preset distance is a preset angle at an interval, and the preset angle may be determined according to an actual situation, which is not limited in this embodiment.
When the cutter head 1 rotates, the cutter 3 and the auxiliary mechanism 4 are positioned on the same circumference and have a certain interval therebetween, so that in order to ensure that the auxiliary mechanism 4 firstly reduces the hardness of the rock, the rotating direction of the cutter head 1 is determined according to the position of the auxiliary mechanism 4, so that the auxiliary mechanism 4 is positioned in front of the cutter 3 in the rotating direction of the cutter head 1.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in each of the above embodiments, the auxiliary mechanism 4 may include: millimeter wave generating device 41, ejection head 42, and waveguide 43. The millimeter wave generating device 41 is disposed on the first surface of the cutter head 1, and the millimeter wave generating device 41 is configured to generate millimeter waves. Specifically, a support frame may be provided on the first surface of the cutter head 1, and the millimeter wave generating device 41 is provided on the support frame, so that when the cutter head 1 rotates, the millimeter wave generating device 41 can rotate together with the cutter head 1, thereby continuously generating millimeter waves.
The spraying head 42 is arranged on the second surface of the cutter head 1, the spraying head 42 and the cutter 3 are positioned on the same circumference and are spaced at preset angles, and the spraying head 42 is arranged in front of the cutter 3 in the rotating direction of the cutter head 1. Specifically, the ejection head 42 may be a millimeter wave nozzle.
A first end of waveguide 43 is connected to millimeter wave generating device 41, and the first end of waveguide 43 is used to receive the millimeter waves generated by millimeter wave generating device 41. The waveguide 43 is arranged in the cutter head 1 in a penetrating manner, that is, a through hole is formed in the cutter head 1, the waveguide 43 is arranged in the through hole in a penetrating manner, the second end of the waveguide 43 is connected with the jetting head 42, and the second end of the waveguide 43 is used for conveying millimeter waves to the jetting head 42. The jetting head 42 is used to jet millimeter waves toward the rock, by which the hardness of the rock is reduced. In specific implementation, the waveguide 43 is a pipe for transmitting millimeter waves and is made of metal.
Note that, millimeter wave (MMV): the electromagnetic wave with the wavelength of 1-10 mm is positioned in the overlapping wavelength range of microwave and far infrared wave, so that the electromagnetic wave has the characteristics of two wave spectrums. The penetration depth of the millimeter waves is inversely proportional to the frequency, and the penetration depth of the millimeter waves in the lossy medium is in millimeter magnitude; because the wavelength of the millimeter wave is longer than that of microwaves, lasers and the like, the interference loss of rocks or particles in the transmission process is smaller. The energy absorption density is in direct proportion to the frequency during heating, the higher the frequency is, the faster the medium absorbs energy, has no influence on the total energy transmission, and the energy conversion efficiency is unchanged. Compared with microwaves, the millimeter wave energy density is high, the correspondingly heated target carrier is compact in structure, and energy absorption is faster. Based on the advantages, the millimeter waves generated by the millimeter wave generating device 41 are directly radiated on the surface of the rock along the waveguide 43, the rock is heated by the heating action of the millimeter waves, the rock is gradually cracked and cracked under the action of thermal stress even along with the gradual rise of the temperature, the rock is continuously heated and even the rock is melted, and the hardness of the rock can be greatly reduced.
In a specific implementation, the millimeter wave generating device 41 may be a millimeter wave generating device in the prior art, and may include: a power supply, a cyclotron, and the like, and the structure of the millimeter wave generator 41 will not be described in detail in this embodiment.
In particular, in the rotation direction of the cutter head 1, the spray head 42 is always positioned in front of the cutter 3 regardless of whether the cutter head 1 rotates clockwise or counterclockwise. Therefore, the millimeter waves sprayed by the spray head 42 firstly reduce the hardness of the rock, and then the cutter 3 can cut the rock with the reduced hardness, so that the cutter 3 can conveniently cut the rock, and the rock breaking capacity is improved.
It can be seen that, in this embodiment, millimeter waves are generated by the millimeter wave generating device 41, the millimeter waves are sprayed into the rock through the waveguide 43 and the spray head 42, and the rock is heated by the millimeter waves, so that cracks or cracks appear in the rock, the hardness of the rock can be greatly reduced, the cutting by the cutter 3 is facilitated, the structure is simple, and the implementation is facilitated.
With continued reference to fig. 1 and 2, in the above embodiment, the auxiliary mechanism 4 may further include: and an isolator 44. Wherein the isolator 44 is provided on the waveguide 43, and the isolator 44 is provided near the millimeter wave generating device 41, that is, the isolator 44 is provided near the first end of the waveguide 43. The isolator 44 is a transmission device, and is used to remove impurities from the millimeter waves generated by the millimeter wave generator 41, so as to ensure the purity of the millimeter waves.
With continued reference to fig. 1 and 2, in the above embodiment, the auxiliary mechanism 4 may further include: a stopper 45. The blocking member 45 is disposed inside the waveguide 43, and the blocking member 45 is disposed close to the jetting head 42, that is, the blocking member 45 is disposed close to the second end of the waveguide 43 and embedded in the waveguide 43. The blocking member 45 is used for conveying millimeter waves to ensure that the millimeter waves are conveyed into the ejection head 42, and the blocking member 45 is also used for preventing sundries, dust, debris and the like from entering the waveguide 43, protecting the waveguide 43 and ensuring the purity of the millimeter waves.
In particular implementations, the barrier 45 may be a millimeter wave transmissive slide-like device.
In the above embodiments, the cutter head 1 has a circular cross section, one cutter 3 and one auxiliary mechanism 4 form one cutting group 6, the cutting group 6 may be multiple, and the cutting groups 6 are uniformly distributed on the second surface of the cutter head 1 along the circumferential direction of the cutter head 1. Specifically, in each cutting group 6, the auxiliary mechanism 4 is disposed in front of the cutter 3 in the rotation direction of the cutter head 1, i.e., the jetting head 42 is disposed in front of the cutter 3. The rock is cut simultaneously through the plurality of cutting groups 6, so that the rock breaking capacity is greatly improved, and the tunneling efficiency is improved.
In specific implementation, the number of the cutting groups 6 may be determined according to actual situations, and this embodiment does not limit this.
Referring to fig. 3 to 5, in each of the above embodiments, the cutter head 1 has a circular cross section. A knife 3 and an auxiliary mechanism 4 form a cutting group 6. In each cutting group 6, the auxiliary mechanism 4 is disposed in front of the cutter 3 in the rotation direction of the cutter head 1, i.e., the jetting head 42 is disposed in front of the cutter 3. The number of the cutting groups 6 can be multiple, and each cutting group 6 is uniformly distributed from the center of the cutter disc 1 to the edge of the cutter disc 1 along the radial direction of the cutter disc 1, so that a cutting array 7 is formed.
The number of the cutting rows 7 may be plural, and the cutting rows 7 are uniformly distributed on the second surface of the cutter head 1 in the circumferential direction of the cutter head 1.
In specific implementation, the number of the cutting groups 6 and the number of the cutting rows 7 can be determined according to actual situations, and this embodiment does not limit this. Referring to fig. 4, the number of the cutting lines 7 is four, and the four cutting lines 7 are respectively arranged on two perpendicular diameters.
It can be seen that in the embodiment, one cutting column 7 is formed by the plurality of cutting groups 6, so that the plurality of cutters 3 can simultaneously cut the rock, and the cutters 3 can be guaranteed to cut the rock in the same manner, and the plurality of auxiliary mechanisms 4 jointly reduce the hardness of the rock, thereby being convenient for the cutters 3 to cut to the maximum extent, improving the rock breaking capacity of the cutters 3, avoiding the loss of the cutters 3, and effectively protecting the cutters 3.
With reference to fig. 1 to 5, the use of the hard rock ripping apparatus will be described: during the tunneling process, the driving device 2 drives the rotating shaft 5 to rotate, and then drives the cutter head 1 to rotate. Meanwhile, the millimeter wave generating device 41 generates millimeter waves, the millimeter waves are subjected to impurity removal through the isolator 44 and then are conveyed to the injection head 42 along the waveguide tube 43, the millimeter waves are injected to the rock through the injection head 42, and cracks or cracks are generated on the rock due to the heating effect of the millimeter waves on the rock. At the same time, the tool 3 is constantly cutting the rock. Like this, cutter 3 is constantly cut the rock under drive arrangement 2's drive, and the broken rock excavation of extrusion is carried out the rock piece of digging out under cleaning device's effect and is carried out subsequent processing to realize quick tunnelling.
To sum up, in this embodiment, through the auxiliary machanism 4 auxiliary tool 3 cutting rock, can cut the rock effectively, improved the broken rock ability of hard rock entry driving device, avoided the loss of cutter 3, prolonged the life of cutter 3, and then reduced the change number of times of cutter 3, improved broken rock efficiency and efficiency of construction greatly, especially to high strength rock, more can cut the rock high-efficiently.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (9)
1. A hard rock ripping apparatus, characterized by comprising:
a cutter head (1);
a rotating shaft (5) provided on a first surface of the cutter head (1);
the driving device (2) is connected with the rotating shaft (5) and is used for driving the cutter head (1) to rotate through the rotating shaft (5);
the cutter (3) is arranged on a second surface, opposite to the first surface, of the cutter disc (1) and is used for cutting rocks;
and the auxiliary mechanism (4) is arranged on the cutter head (1) and is used for assisting the cutter (3) to cut the rock.
2. A hard rock ripper device according to claim 1, wherein the assisting mechanism (4) is for assisting the cutter (3) in cutting the rock by reducing the hardness of the rock.
3. A hard rock ripper device according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary mechanism (4) is disposed in front of the cutter (3) in a rotation direction of the cutter head (1).
4. A hard rock ripping apparatus according to claim 1,
the section of the cutter head (1) is circular, and the cutter (3) and the auxiliary mechanism (4) are located on the same circumference at intervals of a preset distance.
5. A hard rock ripper device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the assist mechanism (4) includes:
the millimeter wave generating device (41) is arranged on the first surface of the cutter head (1) and is used for generating millimeter waves;
a jet head (42) provided on the second surface of the cutter head (1);
a waveguide tube (43), wherein a first end of the waveguide tube (43) is connected with the millimeter wave generating device (41), the waveguide tube (43) is arranged in the cutter head (1) in a penetrating way, and a second end of the waveguide tube (43) is connected with the spray head (42);
wherein the spray head (42) is for spraying the millimeter waves towards the rock.
6. A hard rock ripper device according to claim 5, wherein the assist mechanism (4) further includes:
and the isolator (44) is arranged on the waveguide tube (43) and close to the millimeter wave generating device (41) and is used for removing impurities from the millimeter waves.
7. A hard rock ripper device according to claim 5, wherein the assist mechanism (4) further includes:
and a blocking member (45) which is provided inside the waveguide (43) and is close to the ejection head (42) and which is used for conveying millimeter waves and preventing foreign matters from entering the waveguide (43).
8. A hard rock ripping apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
cutter (3) with complementary unit (4) form a cutting group (6), cutting group (6) are a plurality of, each cutting group (6) are in follow on blade disc (1) the circumferencial direction evenly distributed of blade disc (1).
9. A hard rock ripping apparatus according to claim 8,
the cutting groups (6) are uniformly distributed from the center to the edge of the cutter disc (1) along the radial direction of the cutter disc (1) to form a cutting row (7);
the cutting rows (7) are multiple, and the cutting rows (7) are uniformly distributed on the cutter head (1) along the circumferential direction of the cutter head (1).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201921667130.5U CN211573525U (en) | 2019-09-30 | 2019-09-30 | Hard rock tunneling device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201921667130.5U CN211573525U (en) | 2019-09-30 | 2019-09-30 | Hard rock tunneling device |
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| CN211573525U true CN211573525U (en) | 2020-09-25 |
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| CN201921667130.5U Active CN211573525U (en) | 2019-09-30 | 2019-09-30 | Hard rock tunneling device |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022127090A1 (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2022-06-23 | 深圳大学 | Microwave rock breaking drilling device |
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2019
- 2019-09-30 CN CN201921667130.5U patent/CN211573525U/en active Active
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022127090A1 (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2022-06-23 | 深圳大学 | Microwave rock breaking drilling device |
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