CN211555941U

CN211555941U - Battery structure

Info

Publication number: CN211555941U
Application number: CN201922495670.6U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 周华
Original assignee: Jiangsu Jingjujing Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Jiangsu Jingjujing Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-12-31
Filing date: 2019-12-31
Publication date: 2020-09-22
Anticipated expiration: 2029-12-31

Abstract

The utility model discloses a battery structure, including top cap, bottom, battery case, wherein: the array is provided with the through-hole just on the bottom the through-hole link up with the chamber that holds that sets up in the bottom, it is provided with explosion-proof equipment to hold intracavity portion, the utility model discloses a setting of inflation thing is just the inflation thing is insoluble in electrolyte but can absorb electrolyte and take place the volume expansion, and the expansion ratio exceeds 100%, and like this, when the inside short circuit of battery, can expand fast after inflation thing and the electrolyte contact, and the inflation thing after the volume expansion can promote explosion-proof awl and hold the chamber and puncture to thereby the pressure release passageway through array setting on the explosion-proof awl can be with the gas in the battery case escape fast and avoid the battery to explode on a large scale, reaches the effect that reduces the battery and burst harm.

Description

Battery structure

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of the battery preparation, concretely relates to battery structure.

Background

With the rapid development of electronic products, batteries are widely used in the field of large-sized electric devices such as mobile communication devices, portable electronic device electric tools, electric bicycles, electric vehicles, etc., however, since most of the aluminum-case batteries are high-capacity batteries, safety concerns that have been paid extensive attention to are still restricting further development.

However, once the battery is broken by external forces such as collision and impact, the inside of the aluminum-shell battery has a short circuit between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, which can cause irreversible change of the structure of the positive electrode active material and decomposition of the electrolyte, and generate a large amount of gas, which can cause the battery to rapidly expand, and if the battery is not processed in time, the battery can explode, which threatens the safety of people.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

An object of the utility model is to provide a battery structure to solve foretell technical problem.

In order to achieve the above object, the utility model provides a following technical scheme: a battery structure, comprising a top cover, a bottom cover, a battery housing, wherein:

a top cover is fixedly arranged at the top of the battery shell, and a bottom cover is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the battery shell;

the battery shell, the top cover and the bottom cover are encircled to form a closed hollow cavity structure;

the top cover is provided with a pressure release valve, and the top cover is provided with a positive electrode electrically connected with the positive electrode of the battery and a negative electrode electrically connected with the negative electrode of the battery;

through holes are formed in the bottom cover in an array mode and are communicated with an accommodating cavity formed in the bottom cover;

an explosion-proof device is arranged in the accommodating cavity;

the explosion-proof device comprises a top cover, and the top cover is arranged corresponding to the through hole;

the top cover is provided with connecting holes penetrating through the cover body in an array manner, and the connecting holes are provided with sealing films;

the explosion-proof device further comprises an explosion-proof cone which is arranged corresponding to the containing cavity, and a pressure relief channel is arranged on the explosion-proof cone in an array manner;

the inside of the containing cavity is filled with an expansion object which is arranged between the top cover and the explosion-proof cone.

Preferably, the cross section of the accommodating cavity is V-shaped, and flaring of the accommodating cavity is gradually decreased from the inner wall direction of the bottom cover to the outer wall direction of the bottom cover.

Preferably, the flaring angle of the accommodating cavity is 20-80 degrees, and the depth of the accommodating cavity is greater than or equal to 2/3 of the thickness of the bottom cover.

Preferably, the swelling substance is insoluble in the electrolyte but can absorb the electrolyte and cause volume expansion.

Preferably, the sealing film can be subjected to thermoplastic deformation within the range of 115-145 ℃ and the sealing film can be a PTFE film.

Preferably, the battery shell is made of aluminum material, and the inner wall of the battery shell is provided with a nickel plating layer.

The utility model discloses a technological effect and advantage: the battery structure is as follows:

1. the battery shell and the accommodating cavity can be sealed and isolated by the arrangement of the top cover, so that the battery shell and the accommodating cavity are in a stable state, and the contact of the battery electrolyte and the swelling substances in the accommodating cavity can be prevented from reacting.

2. Through the setting of inflation thing just the inflation thing is insoluble in electrolyte but can absorb electrolyte and take place the volume inflation, and the expansion ratio exceeds 100%, like this, when the inside short circuit of battery, can expand fast after inflation thing and the electrolyte contact, inflation thing after the volume inflation can promote explosion-proof awl and hold the chamber and puncture to thereby the pressure release passageway through array setting on the explosion-proof awl can let out the gas in the battery case fast and avoid the battery explosion on a large scale, reaches the effect that reduces the battery and explode harm.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic view of the specific structure of the explosion-proof device of the present invention.

In the figure: 1-top cover, 2-bottom cover, 3-battery shell, 4-explosion-proof device, 5-dilatant;

11-pressure relief valve, 12-anode, 13-cathode;

21-through hole, 22-containing cavity;

41-top cover, 42-explosion-proof cone;

411-connecting hole, 412-sealing film and 421-pressure relief channel.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to fig. 1 to 5 of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

The utility model provides a battery structure as shown in 1-5 in the figure, including top cap 1, bottom 2, battery case 3, wherein:

the battery shell 3 is characterized in that a top cover 1 is fixedly arranged at the top of the battery shell 3, a bottom cover 2 is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the battery shell 3, the top cover 1 and the bottom cover 2 surround to form a closed hollow cavity structure, and the battery shell 3, the top cover 1 and the bottom cover 2 can be fixedly connected in a welding mode.

Be provided with relief valve 11 on the top cap 1, the reliability of battery can be showing to set up of relief valve 11, and relief valve 11 is direct when the battery internal pressure reaches 11 pressure values that explode of relief valve, and quick disappointing avoids the battery explosion directly with outside.

The top cover 1 is provided with a positive electrode 12 electrically connected with a battery positive electrode and a negative electrode 13 electrically connected with a battery negative electrode, wherein the battery positive electrode is connected with the positive electrode 12 through a lead, and the battery negative electrode is connected with the negative electrode 13 through a lead.

The battery is characterized in that through holes 21 are formed in the bottom cover 2 in an array mode, the through holes 21 are communicated with a containing cavity 22 formed in the bottom cover 2, an explosion-proof device 4 is arranged inside the containing cavity 22, the explosion-proof device 4 comprises a top cover 41, the top cover 41 corresponds to the through holes 21, a connecting hole 411 penetrating through a cover body is formed in the top cover 41 in an array mode, a sealing film 412 is arranged on the connecting hole 411, the sealing film 412 can isolate the battery shell 3 from the containing cavity 22, and battery electrolyte is prevented from contacting with an expansion object 5 in the containing cavity 22.

Explosion-proof device 4 still includes explosion-proof awl 42 just explosion-proof awl 42 corresponds and holds the chamber 22 setting, the array is provided with pressure release channel 421 on explosion-proof awl 42, and pressure release channel 421 can let out the gas in battery housing 3 fast, reduces battery housing 3 internal pressure, prevents the battery explosion.

The accommodating cavity 22 is filled with an expander 5, the expander 5 is arranged between the top cover 41 and the explosion-proof cone 42, and the expander 5 is insoluble in the electrolyte but can absorb the electrolyte to generate volume expansion.

The inflation thing 5 is absorbing electrolyte and taking place the volume inflation, and the expansion ratio exceeds 100%, through the setting of inflation thing 5, when the inside short circuit of battery, can expand fast after inflation thing 5 and the contact of electrolyte to promote explosion-proof awl 42 and to holding chamber 22 and extrude, explosion-proof awl 42 can puncture bottom 2 under pressure, thereby avoid the battery to explode on a large scale, reach the effect that reduces the battery and explode harm.

In the present invention, the material of the swelling material 5 is one or a blend or a copolymer of PAN (polyacrylonitrile), PEO (polyethylene oxide), PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate), PVC (polyvinyl chloride), PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride), PVAc (polyvinyl acetate), PVB (polyvinyl butyral), etc., which is insoluble in the electrolyte but can absorb the electrolyte and swell.

It is specific, it is just to hold chamber 22 cross-section to be "V" shape hold chamber 22 flaring and decrease progressively in proper order to bottom 2 outer wall direction by bottom 2 inner wall direction, the degree of depth that holds chamber 22 is greater than or equal to 2/3 of bottom 2 thickness, when the inside inflation that takes place of battery, owing to the thickness that holds chamber 22 is less than the thickness of adjacent part, when the expanding force reaches a definite value, can be earlier with holding chamber 22 inflation play opening to avoid the battery to explode on a large scale, reach the effect that reduces the battery and burst harm.

The explosion-proof cone 42 is arranged to be sharp, so that the bottom cover 2 can be conveniently punctured by the explosion-proof cone 42, and the battery is conveniently decompressed.

In addition, in the present embodiment, the bottom cover 2 and the accommodating cavity 22 are of an integral structure.

Specifically, the sealing film 412 can be thermoplastically deformed within the range of 115-145 ℃, and the sealing film 412 can be a PTFE film, which causes abnormal temperature rise if a short circuit occurs inside the battery, and causes deformation and rupture of the sealing film 412 under high temperature conditions when the internal temperature of the battery exceeds 115 ℃.

Specifically, the battery shell 3 is made of aluminum material, and the inner wall of the battery shell 3 is provided with a nickel plating layer, so that the inner wall of the battery shell 3 can be effectively prevented from being corroded by electrolyte in the battery.

The working principle is as follows: the battery structure is as follows:

when the battery is used normally, the top cover 41 seals and isolates the battery case 3 and the accommodating chamber 22, so that the battery case 3 and the accommodating chamber 22 are in a stable state, and the expansion material 5 can be normally arranged in the accommodating chamber 22 and is in a stable state.

If the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery are in direct contact due to the damage of a battery diaphragm, the damage of a pole piece or external collision, and an internal short circuit occurs, which may cause irreversible change of a positive electrode active material structure and decomposition of electrolyte, and generate a large amount of gas, resulting in increased pressure inside the battery, when the internal temperature of the inner housing 3 continuously rises, and when the internal temperature of the inner housing 3 rises to above 115 ℃, the sealing film 412 made of a PTFE film may deform and rupture at high temperature, so that the sealing state of the inner housing 3 and the accommodating cavity 22 is damaged, the electrolyte inside the inner housing 3 may enter the accommodating cavity 22 through the through hole connecting hole, and the expansion object 5 may absorb the electrolyte and cause volume expansion, the expansion object 5 after volume expansion may push the explosion-proof cone 42 to puncture the accommodating cavity 22, the explosion-proof cone 42 may puncture the bottom cover 2 under the pressure, and the gas inside the battery housing 3 may be rapidly discharged through the pressure release channel 421 arranged on the explosion-proof cone 42, the pressure in the battery shell 3 is reduced, the battery explosion is prevented, the large-range explosion of the battery is avoided, and the effect of reducing the explosion hazard of the battery is achieved.

Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and variations can be made in the embodiments or in part of the technical features of the embodiments without departing from the spirit and the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a battery structure, includes top cap (1), bottom (2), battery case (3), its characterized in that:

a top cover (1) is fixedly arranged at the top of the battery shell (3), and a bottom cover (2) is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the battery shell (3);

the battery shell (3), the top cover (1) and the bottom cover (2) are encircled to form a closed hollow cavity structure;

the top cover (1) is provided with a pressure release valve (11), and the top cover (1) is provided with an anode (12) electrically connected with the anode of the battery and a cathode (13) electrically connected with the cathode of the battery;

through holes (21) are formed in the bottom cover (2) in an array mode, and the through holes (21) are communicated with an accommodating cavity (22) formed in the bottom cover (2)

An explosion-proof device (4) is arranged in the accommodating cavity (22);

the explosion-proof device (4) comprises a top cover (41), and the top cover (41) is arranged corresponding to the through hole (21);

the top cover (41) is provided with connecting holes (411) penetrating through the cover body in an array manner, and the connecting holes (411) are provided with sealing films (412);

the explosion-proof device (4) further comprises an explosion-proof cone (42), the explosion-proof cone (42) is arranged corresponding to the accommodating cavity (22), and a pressure relief channel (421) is arranged on the explosion-proof cone (42) in an array manner;

the accommodating cavity (22) is filled with an expansion object (5), and the expansion object (5) is arranged between the top cover (41) and the explosion-proof cone (42).

2. A battery structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cross section of the accommodating cavity (22) is V-shaped, and the flaring of the accommodating cavity (22) is gradually reduced from the inner wall direction of the bottom cover (2) to the outer wall direction of the bottom cover (2).

3. A battery structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the flaring angle of the containing cavity (22) is 20-80 degrees, and the depth of the containing cavity (22) is greater than or equal to 2/3 of the thickness of the bottom cover (2).

4. A battery structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the swelling material (5) is insoluble in the electrolyte but can absorb the electrolyte and cause volume expansion.

5. A battery structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the sealing membrane (412) may be thermoplastically deformable in the range of 115-145 degrees Celsius and the sealing membrane (412) may be a PTFE membrane.

6. A battery structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: the battery shell (3) is made of aluminum materials, and a nickel plating layer is arranged on the inner wall of the battery shell (3).