CN211528164U - Porous medium seepage visualization device capable of measuring piezoelectric conversion characteristics - Google Patents
Porous medium seepage visualization device capable of measuring piezoelectric conversion characteristics Download PDFInfo
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- CN211528164U CN211528164U CN202020132687.5U CN202020132687U CN211528164U CN 211528164 U CN211528164 U CN 211528164U CN 202020132687 U CN202020132687 U CN 202020132687U CN 211528164 U CN211528164 U CN 211528164U
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- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005325 percolation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
A porous medium seepage visualization device capable of measuring piezoelectric conversion characteristics comprises a box body, a liquid inlet pipe, a liquid outlet pipe, a first isolation device, a second isolation device, a first pressure sensor, a second pressure sensor, a seepage pipe, a first measuring electrode, a second measuring electrode, a liquid inlet piston, a liquid outlet piston and a controller; the seepage pipe is arranged in the box body, and the liquid inlet pipe and the liquid outlet pipe are communicated with the seepage pipe; the first isolation device and the second isolation device are arranged in the seepage pipe; the device comprises a first measuring electrode, a first pressure sensor and a second pressure sensor, wherein the second measuring electrode is connected with a controller; the seepage pipe is made of transparent material; a transparent window is arranged on the box body; or the box body is made of transparent materials. The utility model discloses can carry out visual observation when porous medium carries out the seepage flow experiment, carry out audio-visual observation and measurement to the potential difference simultaneously for deeper to porous medium's research, more be favorable to the utilization to porous medium.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a porous medium research technical field particularly, relates to a can measure piezoelectric transfer characteristic's porous medium seepage flow visualization device.
Background
The seepage characteristic of the porous medium in the deep-ground environment plays an important role in the exploitation of resources such as petroleum, natural gas, shale gas and the like.
When fluid seeps in the porous medium, various characteristics of the porous medium are affected, for example, an electric potential difference is generated by an electric potential of the porous medium during seepage.
In the prior art, the generation of the potential difference and the influence of the porous medium on the potential difference cannot be judged and researched only by the method.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
An object of the utility model is to provide a can measure piezoelectric transfer characteristic's porous medium seepage flow visualization device, it can carry out visual observation when porous medium carries out the seepage flow experiment, carries out audio-visual observation and measurement to the potential difference simultaneously.
The embodiment of the utility model is realized like this:
a porous medium seepage visualization device capable of measuring piezoelectric conversion characteristics is characterized by comprising a box body, a liquid inlet pipe, a liquid outlet pipe, a first isolation device, a second isolation device, a first pressure sensor, a second pressure sensor, a seepage pipe, a first measuring electrode, a second measuring electrode, a liquid inlet piston, a liquid outlet piston and a controller;
the seepage pipe is arranged in the box body, one end of the liquid inlet pipe is arranged outside the box body, the other end of the liquid inlet pipe is communicated with one end of the seepage pipe, one end of the liquid outlet pipe is arranged outside the box body, and the other end of the liquid outlet pipe is communicated with the other end of the seepage pipe;
the first isolation device and the second isolation device are arranged in the seepage pipe, so that the seepage pipe is divided into a first pressure cavity, a seepage cavity and a second pressure cavity in sequence;
the liquid inlet piston is arranged in the first pressure cavity in a sliding mode, and the liquid inlet pipe is communicated with the first pressure cavity through the liquid inlet piston;
the liquid outlet piston is arranged in the second pressure cavity in a sliding mode, and the liquid outlet pipe is communicated with the second pressure cavity through the liquid outlet piston;
a first pressure sensor is arranged in the first pressure cavity, one end of the first measuring electrode is arranged in the first pressure cavity, the other end of the first measuring electrode is connected with the controller, and the first pressure sensor is in signal connection with the controller;
a second pressure sensor is arranged in the second pressure cavity, one end of the second measuring electrode is arranged in the second pressure cavity, the other end of the second measuring electrode is connected with the controller, and the second pressure sensor is in signal connection with the controller;
the seepage pipe is made of transparent materials;
a transparent window is arranged on the box body;
or, the box body is made of transparent materials.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the seepage pipe is a heat shrink pipe.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the liquid inlet piston is provided with a first positioning device for positioning the position of the liquid inlet piston in the seepage pipe.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first positioning device comprises an expansion loop, a power pump and a communicating pipe;
the power pump is communicated with the expansion ring pipe through the communicating pipe and is used for inputting expansion media into the expansion ring pipe.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the expansion medium is a gas or a liquid.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the material of the expansion loop is rubber.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the communication pipe is provided with a control valve.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first isolation device is an isolation net, or the first isolation device is an isolation plate with a specific communication hole;
the second isolation device is an isolation net, or the second isolation device is an isolation plate with a communication hole.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the two ends of the seepage tube are respectively connected to two opposite inner walls of the box body.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, a support is disposed in the box body, and the seepage pipe is disposed on the support.
The embodiment of the utility model provides a beneficial effect is:
the device can perform visual observation when the porous medium is subjected to seepage experiments, and simultaneously perform visual observation and measurement on potential difference, so that the research on the porous medium is deeper, and the utilization of the porous medium is facilitated.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 shows an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure:
1: a cover plate; 2: a communicating pipe; 3: a box body; 4: a liquid inlet pipe; 5: a liquid inlet piston; 6: a fixing ring; 7: a support leg; 8: a first pressure chamber; 9: a first measuring electrode; 10: a first pressure sensor; 11: a first isolation device; 12: a seepage chamber; 13: a second pressure sensor; 14: a second measuring electrode; 15: a controller; 16: a seepage pipe; 17: a liquid outlet pipe; 18: a liquid outlet piston; 19: a second pressure chamber; 20: a second isolation device; 21: a transparent window; 22: splicing the interfaces; 23: an expansion loop;
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention, as generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate the position or positional relationship based on the position or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the position or positional relationship which is usually placed when the product of the present invention is used, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific position, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Furthermore, the terms "horizontal", "vertical", "overhang" and the like do not imply that the components are required to be absolutely horizontal or overhang, but may be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" merely means that the direction is more horizontal than "vertical" and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Some embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to fig. 1 to 3. The embodiments described below and the features of the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.
A porous medium seepage visualization device capable of measuring piezoelectric conversion characteristics is characterized by comprising a box body 3, a liquid inlet pipe 4, a liquid outlet pipe 17, a first isolation device 11, a second isolation device 20, a first pressure sensor 10, a second pressure sensor 13, a seepage pipe 16, a first measuring electrode 9, a second measuring electrode 14, a liquid inlet piston 5, a liquid outlet piston 18 and a controller 15; the seepage pipe 16 is arranged in the box body 3, one end of the liquid inlet pipe 4 is arranged outside the box body 3, the other end of the liquid inlet pipe is communicated with one end of the seepage pipe 16, one end of the liquid outlet pipe 17 is arranged outside the box body 3, and the other end of the liquid outlet pipe is communicated with the other end of the seepage pipe 16; the first isolation device 11 and the second isolation device 20 are arranged in the seepage pipe 16, so that the seepage pipe 16 is divided into a first pressure cavity 8, a seepage cavity 12 and a second pressure cavity 19 in sequence; the liquid inlet piston 5 is arranged in the first pressure cavity 8 in a sliding manner, and the liquid inlet pipe 4 is communicated with the first pressure cavity 8 through the liquid inlet piston 5; the liquid outlet piston 18 is arranged in the second pressure cavity 19 in a sliding manner, and the liquid outlet pipe 17 is communicated with the second pressure cavity 19 through the liquid outlet piston 18; a first pressure sensor 10 is arranged in the first pressure cavity 8, one end of a first measuring electrode 9 is arranged in the first pressure cavity 8, the other end of the first measuring electrode is connected with a controller 15, and the first pressure sensor 10 is in signal connection with the controller 15; a second pressure sensor 13 is arranged in the second pressure cavity 19, one end of the second measuring electrode 14 is arranged in the second pressure cavity 19, the other end of the second measuring electrode is connected with the controller 15, and the second pressure sensor 13 is in signal connection with the controller 15; the seepage pipe 16 is made of transparent material; a transparent window is arranged on the box body 3; or, the box body 3 is made of transparent material.
In this embodiment, the cover plate 1 of the box body 3 is provided with a transparent window 21, the bottom of the cover plate is also provided with a transparent window 21, and the side wall of the cover plate can also be provided with a transparent window 21, so that the seepage situation in the box body 3 can be observed conveniently. Specifically, seepage flow pipe 16 also sets up to transparent material, when carrying out the seepage flow experiment, can carry out audio-visual observation to the seepage flow condition.
In the present embodiment, different porous medium types and different lengths of porous media can be accommodated by adjusting the positions of the first and second separating devices 11 and 20.
When carrying out the seepage flow experiment, earlier porous medium sets up in seepage flow chamber 12 of seepage flow pipe 16, adjust the space of first pressure chamber 8 through feed liquor piston 5, and go out liquid piston 18 and adjust the back to the space of second pressure chamber 19, after liquid enters into first pressure chamber 8 through feed liquor pipe 4, form certain hydraulic pressure, liquid in first pressure chamber 8 enters into seepage flow chamber 12 through first isolating device 11 in, begin to carry out the seepage flow, after liquid passes from seepage flow chamber 12, enter into second pressure chamber 19 through second isolating device 20, discharge through drain pipe 17 again.
In the whole seepage process, the pressures in the first pressure cavity 8 and the second pressure cavity 19 are different, the pressure in the first pressure cavity 8 is collected through the first pressure sensor 10, and the pressure in the second pressure cavity 19 is used for further judging the pressure difference between the first pressure cavity 8 and the second pressure cavity 19; the acquisition is performed by the second pressure sensor 13. And the streaming potential in the first pressure chamber 8 and the second pressure chamber 19 is measured by the first measuring electrode 9 and the second measuring electrode 14, respectively.
In this embodiment, the first separator 11 is a separator net or a separator plate having a plurality of communicating holes, and can flow the liquid in the first pressure chamber 8 into the seepage chamber 12 to perform a seepage test.
In this embodiment, the seepage pipe 16 is formed by splicing two sections, and the splicing port 22 is positioned at a position away from the seepage chamber 12 at the first isolation device 11.
When the liquid outlet device is used, the liquid outlet piston 18 is connected with the liquid outlet pipe 17, the liquid outlet piston 18 is installed in one section of the seepage pipe 16, the second isolation device 20 is installed in the seepage pipe 16, porous media are filled in the seepage pipe 16, then the first isolation device 11 is installed in the seepage pipe 16, the other section of the seepage pipe 16 is connected with the first isolation device, and finally the liquid inlet piston 5 and the liquid inlet pipe 4 are installed on the other section of the seepage pipe 16.
That is, the mounting process is performed in the structure shown in fig. 1, and the mounting is performed in order from right to left.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the seepage pipe 16 is a heat shrink pipe.
In this embodiment, the seepage tube 16 is a heat shrinkable tube, so that the whole installation can be realized more conveniently.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the liquid inlet piston 5 is provided with a first positioning device for positioning the position of the liquid inlet piston 5 in the percolation pipe 16.
In this embodiment, the first positioning device is disposed on the liquid inlet piston 5, and the first positioning device can position the liquid inlet piston 5 in the percolation pipe 16, and can ensure the sealing isolation of the liquid inlet piston 5 in the percolation pipe 16.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the second positioning device is disposed on the liquid outlet piston 18, and the second positioning device can not only position the liquid inlet piston 5 in the percolation pipe 16, but also ensure the sealing and isolation of the liquid inlet piston 5 in the percolation pipe 16.
In this embodiment, the first positioning device and the second positioning device may be the same in structure or different in structure, as long as the positioning and sealing functions of the liquid inlet piston 5 and the liquid outlet piston 18 can be achieved.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first positioning device comprises an expansion loop 23, a power pump and a communicating pipe 2; the power pump is communicated with the expansion loop pipe 23 through the communicating pipe 2 and is used for inputting expansion media into the expansion loop pipe 23.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the expansion loop 23 is disposed on the outer wall of the liquid inlet piston 5, and the liquid inlet piston 5 is positioned and sealed in the seepage pipe 16 by the expansion of the expansion loop 23, so that the liquid inlet piston 5 is prevented from sliding freely in the seepage pipe 16, and the liquid entering the seepage pipe 16 can be prevented from flowing out from one side of the liquid inlet piston 5.
More specifically, in this embodiment, the expansion loop pipe 23 is connected to a power pump through the connection pipe 2, and an expansion medium is input into the expansion loop pipe 23 by the power pump, so that the expansion loop pipe 23 expands, and the liquid inlet piston 5 is fixed inside the seepage pipe 16.
In this embodiment, when the first positioning device is needed for positioning, the expansion medium in the expansion loop pipe 23 may be pumped by the power pump, and when the first pressure chamber 8 needs to be adjusted by moving the liquid inlet piston 5, the expansion medium in the expansion loop pipe 23 may be pumped by the power pump.
In particular, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the expansion medium is a gas or a liquid.
More specifically, the liquid is water.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the material of the expansion loop 23 is rubber.
It should be noted that the material of the expansion loop 23 may be rubber, but it is not limited to rubber, and it may also be other elastic materials, such as plastic, etc., that is, it can realize the positioning of the inlet piston 5 and the sealing of the seepage pipe 16 by expansion.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the communication pipe 2 is provided with a control valve.
Through the setting of control valve, can avoid the inflation medium backward flow in the inflation ring canal 23, and then guarantee the stability of the location of feed liquor piston 5.
In this embodiment, the control valve may be a control valve having only two states of opening and closing, or may be a control valve having a flow rate control function.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ends of the seepage pipe 16 are connected to two opposite inner walls of the box 3.
In this embodiment, the two ends of the seepage pipe 16 are connected with the two opposite inner walls of the box body 3, so that the seepage pipe 16 can be supported by the box body 3, and the stability of the seepage pipe 16 in the box body 3 is further ensured.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the two ends of the seepage pipe 16 and the box body 3 may be abutted or clamped, and the seepage pipe 16 may be disposed on the inner wall of the box body 3 to support the seepage pipe 16 by the box body 3.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, a support is provided in the housing 3, and the seepage pipe 16 is provided on the support.
Through the setting of support, realize the support to the middle part of seepage flow pipe 16, and then can further increase the stability of seepage flow pipe 16 in box 3, guarantee the accuracy of seepage flow experiment.
Specifically, the support comprises supporting legs 7, a connecting rod and a fixing ring 6, the supporting legs 7 are connected through the connecting rod to form a whole, and the fixing ring 6 is arranged on the upper portions of the supporting legs 7 and used for fixing the seepage pipe 16 on the supporting legs 7.
It should be noted that the support may be disposed in the manner described above, or may be disposed in other manners as long as the fixation of the infiltration pipe 16 can be achieved.
The embodiment of the utility model provides a beneficial effect is:
the porous medium seepage visualization device capable of measuring the piezoelectric conversion characteristics can perform visual observation when a porous medium is subjected to seepage experiment, and can perform visual observation and measurement on potential difference, so that the research on the porous medium is deeper, and the porous medium is more favorably utilized.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A porous medium seepage visualization device capable of measuring piezoelectric conversion characteristics is characterized by comprising a box body, a liquid inlet pipe, a liquid outlet pipe, a first isolation device, a second isolation device, a first pressure sensor, a second pressure sensor, a seepage pipe, a first measuring electrode, a second measuring electrode, a liquid inlet piston, a liquid outlet piston and a controller;
the seepage pipe is arranged in the box body, one end of the liquid inlet pipe is arranged outside the box body, the other end of the liquid inlet pipe is communicated with one end of the seepage pipe, one end of the liquid outlet pipe is arranged outside the box body, and the other end of the liquid outlet pipe is communicated with the other end of the seepage pipe;
the first isolation device and the second isolation device are arranged in the seepage pipe, so that the seepage pipe is divided into a first pressure cavity, a seepage cavity and a second pressure cavity in sequence;
the liquid inlet piston is arranged in the first pressure cavity in a sliding mode, and the liquid inlet pipe is communicated with the first pressure cavity through the liquid inlet piston;
the liquid outlet piston is arranged in the second pressure cavity in a sliding mode, and the liquid outlet pipe is communicated with the second pressure cavity through the liquid outlet piston;
a first pressure sensor is arranged in the first pressure cavity, one end of the first measuring electrode is arranged in the first pressure cavity, the other end of the first measuring electrode is connected with the controller, and the first pressure sensor is in signal connection with the controller;
a second pressure sensor is arranged in the second pressure cavity, one end of the second measuring electrode is arranged in the second pressure cavity, the other end of the second measuring electrode is connected with the controller, and the second pressure sensor is in signal connection with the controller;
the seepage pipe is made of transparent materials;
a transparent window is arranged on the box body;
or, the box body is made of transparent materials.
2. The porous medium seepage visualization device capable of measuring the piezoelectric conversion characteristics according to claim 1, wherein the seepage pipe is a heat shrink pipe.
3. The porous medium seepage visualization device capable of measuring the piezoelectric conversion characteristics as claimed in claim 1, wherein a first positioning device is arranged on the liquid inlet piston and used for positioning the position of the liquid inlet piston in the seepage pipe.
4. The porous medium seepage visualization device capable of measuring the piezoelectric conversion characteristics as claimed in claim 3, wherein the first positioning device comprises an expansion loop pipe, a power pump and a communicating pipe;
the power pump is communicated with the expansion ring pipe through the communicating pipe and is used for inputting expansion media into the expansion ring pipe.
5. The porous medium seepage visualization device capable of measuring piezoelectric conversion characteristics according to claim 4, wherein the swelling medium is a gas or a liquid.
6. The porous medium seepage visualization device capable of measuring the piezoelectric conversion characteristics as claimed in claim 4, wherein the material of the expansion loop is rubber.
7. The porous medium seepage visualization device capable of measuring the piezoelectric conversion characteristics according to claim 4, wherein a control valve is arranged on the communicating pipe.
8. The porous medium seepage visualization device capable of measuring the piezoelectric conversion characteristics according to claim 1, wherein the first isolation device is an isolation net or an isolation plate with specific communication holes;
the second isolation device is an isolation net, or the second isolation device is an isolation plate with a communication hole.
9. The porous medium seepage visualization device capable of measuring the piezoelectric conversion characteristics as claimed in claim 1, wherein two ends of the seepage tube are respectively connected with two opposite inner walls of the box body.
10. The porous medium seepage visualization device capable of measuring the piezoelectric conversion characteristics as claimed in claim 1, wherein a support is arranged in the box body, and the seepage pipe is arranged on the support.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202020132687.5U CN211528164U (en) | 2020-01-20 | 2020-01-20 | Porous medium seepage visualization device capable of measuring piezoelectric conversion characteristics |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202020132687.5U CN211528164U (en) | 2020-01-20 | 2020-01-20 | Porous medium seepage visualization device capable of measuring piezoelectric conversion characteristics |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN211528164U true CN211528164U (en) | 2020-09-18 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202020132687.5U Active CN211528164U (en) | 2020-01-20 | 2020-01-20 | Porous medium seepage visualization device capable of measuring piezoelectric conversion characteristics |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN211528164U (en) |
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