CN211480963U - Charging control system for preventing battery from being overcharged - Google Patents
Charging control system for preventing battery from being overcharged Download PDFInfo
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- CN211480963U CN211480963U CN202020124074.7U CN202020124074U CN211480963U CN 211480963 U CN211480963 U CN 211480963U CN 202020124074 U CN202020124074 U CN 202020124074U CN 211480963 U CN211480963 U CN 211480963U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a prevent charge control system of battery overcharge, include: the charging management module, the main controller, the voltage acquisition circuit and the charging interface. The charging management module is electrically connected with the charging interface, is in signal connection with the main controller, and is used for converting voltage or current input by an external power supply through the charging interface into set charging voltage or charging current to be output so as to charge the battery to be charged. The output end of the voltage acquisition circuit is connected with the input end of the main controller, and the voltage acquisition circuit is used for acquiring the charging voltage at two ends of the battery to obtain voltage values at two ends of the battery and sending the voltage values at two ends of the battery to the main controller; and the main controller is used for adjusting the charging current output by the charging management module according to the voltage values at the two ends of the battery so as to enable charging to enter dynamic adjustment constant current charging. The utility model discloses can improve the safety of charging and the life of battery.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a battery charging technology field especially relates to a prevent charge control system of battery overcharge.
Background
Most of the existing intelligent terminal equipment can use lithium batteries, such as mobile phones, flat panels and the like. News that people are injured by battery explosion often occurs, and most of the situations occur when a lithium battery is charged. The battery is provided with a battery core part which is responsible for storing electric energy, and when the battery is overcharged, a diaphragm in the battery core is possibly punctured, so that the battery core is short-circuited to cause high-temperature and high-pressure explosion. The battery is most susceptible to explosion during charging: one situation is that the battery continues to be charged when the battery is full, which causes severe chemical reaction of the electrolyte inside the battery cell and causes explosion of the battery. In the other situation, the charging voltage is above the maximum rated voltage of the battery for a long time in the charging process, so that the diaphragm in the battery core is damaged, and the battery expands and explodes. The existing battery charging process has the following disadvantages: when the voltage of the battery reaches the rated voltage, the battery is still charged at the maximum voltage, and the maximum charging voltage is kept for charging the battery for a long time. The maximum charging voltage of the battery is generally set according to the maximum rated voltage requirement of the battery, but due to the accuracy error of the charging chip, the charging voltage output by the charging chip may be higher than the rated voltage of the battery. The problem of overcharging the battery can result if the battery is charged at a voltage above the battery rating for an extended period of time. The existing battery charging system cannot effectively prevent the risk of overcharging of the battery due to the overhigh charging voltage.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model provides a prevent charge control system that battery overcharged, the management and control scheme of solving current battery charging process has charging voltage can be higher than battery rated voltage, causes the problem that the battery overcharged, can improve the safety of charging and the life of battery.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model provides the following technical scheme:
a charge control system for preventing overcharge of a battery, comprising: the charging management module, the main controller, the voltage acquisition circuit and the charging interface;
the charging management module is electrically connected with the charging interface, is in signal connection with the main controller, and is used for converting voltage or current input by an external power supply through the charging interface into set charging voltage or charging current to be output so as to charge a battery to be charged;
the output end of the voltage acquisition circuit is connected with the input end of the main controller, and the voltage acquisition circuit is used for acquiring the charging voltage at two ends of the battery to obtain voltage values at two ends of the battery and sending the voltage values at two ends of the battery to the main controller;
and the main controller is used for adjusting the charging current output by the charging management module according to the voltage values at the two ends of the battery so as to enable charging to enter dynamic adjustment constant current charging.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: a memory;
the memory is in signal connection with the main controller and is used for pre-storing rated charging voltage values, pre-charging voltage threshold values and rated charging current values corresponding to various batteries;
and the main controller controls the charging management module to output pre-charging current, rated charging current or set charging current which is gradually reduced in a segmented manner according to the voltage values at the two ends of the battery, the rated charging voltage value and the pre-charging voltage threshold value so as to charge the battery.
Preferably, the charging management module includes: the charging management chip and the output current control unit;
the charging management chip is in signal connection with the main controller, the output end of the charging management chip is connected with the control end of the output current control unit, the input end of the output current control unit is electrically connected with the charging interface, and the output end of the output current control unit is used as the charging current output end of the charging management module;
the charging management chip controls the output current control unit to output pre-charging current, rated charging current or set charging current which is gradually reduced in a segmented mode so as to charge the battery.
Preferably, the output current control unit includes: and the AC-DC power supply module is in signal connection with the charging management chip and adjusts an output current value according to the instruction received by the charging management chip.
Preferably, the AC-DC power supply module adopts an AC-DC power supply chip.
Preferably, the voltage acquisition circuit includes: an amplifier and a voltage follower;
the input end of the amplifier is used as the input end of the voltage acquisition circuit, and the output end of the amplifier is connected with the input end of the voltage follower;
the amplifier is used for amplifying or reducing the collected voltage signals in proportion to convert the collected voltage signals into set voltage signals;
the voltage follower is used for stabilizing a voltage signal output by the amplifier.
Preferably, the voltage acquisition circuit further includes: an AD conversion unit;
the input end of the AD conversion unit is connected with the output end of the voltage follower, and the output end of the AD conversion unit is used as the output end of the voltage acquisition circuit;
the AD conversion unit is used for analog-to-digital conversion of the voltage signal. Preferably, the AD conversion unit employs an AD conversion chip.
Preferably, the main controller adopts a microprocessor.
Preferably, the microprocessor is a single chip microcomputer.
The utility model provides a prevent charging control system that battery overcharged gathers battery both ends voltage through voltage acquisition circuit, and when battery both ends voltage value equals rated charging voltage, main control unit control charging management module adjusts the charging current of output to make to charge and get into dynamic adjustment constant current and charge. The problem of current battery charging process's management and control scheme have charging voltage can be higher than battery rated voltage, cause the battery overcharge is solved, can improve the safety of charging and the life of battery.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a conventional battery charging management and control process;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a charging control system for preventing overcharge of a battery provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a charging process for preventing overcharge of a battery provided by the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the voltage acquisition circuit structure provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical field better understand the scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, the following detailed description is made on the embodiment of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and the implementation manner.
As shown in fig. 1, the conventional charging process management scheme is mainly divided into 4 stages: 1. pre-charging-there is a pre-charging process during the initial charging period, the battery voltage at this time is lower than a certain threshold, and the charging current is very small. 2. Constant current charging-when the battery voltage exceeds the pre-charge threshold, the charging process can enter a fast charging state. In this mode, the charging device supplies current to the battery at a predefined constant current. 3. Constant voltage charging-when the battery voltage reaches the rated voltage of the battery (ideally, the maximum charging voltage is the same as the rated charging voltage of the battery; if the maximum charging voltage is higher than the rated charging voltage of the battery, the charging voltage of the battery will not enter the constant voltage charging stage until the maximum charging voltage of the charging chip rises), the charger will switch from the constant current mode to the constant voltage mode, the charging current will also gradually drop, and the battery voltage will remain unchanged. The constant voltage mode output voltage of the charger needs to be precisely controlled to avoid the risk of overcharging the battery. 4. End of charge-when the battery voltage reaches its rated voltage and the charging current falls below the end of charge current, the charging process is shut down.
Therefore, the phenomenon that the battery is charged by keeping the charging voltage larger than the rated charging voltage for a long time exists in the current charging of the battery, the problem of battery overcharge is easily caused, and the safety and the service life of the battery are reduced. The utility model provides a prevent charging control system that battery overcharged gathers battery both ends voltage through voltage acquisition circuit, and when battery both ends voltage value equals rated charging voltage, main control unit control charging management module adjusts the charging current of output to make to charge and get into dynamic adjustment constant current and charge. The problem of current battery charging process's management and control scheme have charging voltage can be higher than battery rated voltage, cause the battery overcharge is solved, can improve the safety of charging and the life of battery.
As shown in fig. 2, a charge control system for preventing overcharge of a battery includes: the charging management module, the main controller, the voltage acquisition circuit and the charging interface. The charging management module is electrically connected with the charging interface, is in signal connection with the main controller, and is used for converting voltage or current input by an external power supply through the charging interface into set charging voltage or charging current to be output so as to charge a battery to be charged. The output end of the voltage acquisition circuit is connected with the input end of the main controller, and the voltage acquisition circuit is used for acquiring the voltage of the charging voltage at two ends of the battery to obtain the voltage values at two ends of the battery and sending the voltage values at two ends of the battery to the main controller. And the main controller is used for adjusting the charging current output by the charging management module according to the voltage values at the two ends of the battery so as to enable charging to enter dynamic adjustment constant current charging.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the battery charging process management policy mainly includes: 1. pre-charging; 2. a constant current charging stage; 3. a dynamic adjustment constant current charging stage; 4. charging at constant voltage; 5. the charging is terminated. When the battery is charged, the charging voltage at the two ends of the battery is collected and monitored by the voltage collecting circuit, and once the charging voltage is monitored to be increased to the rated charging voltage of the battery (the rated charging voltage value is determined by the battery, and the charging voltage cannot exceed the voltage, otherwise, the overcharge danger is caused), the charging current is immediately regulated by the charging management module, and the charging voltage at the two ends of the battery can be reduced in a mode of reducing the rated charging current and the charging is continued. As shown in fig. 3, under the condition that the output voltage of the charging chip is higher than the rated charging voltage, if the constant current charging stage is ended only when the voltages at the two ends of the battery reach the rated charging voltage according to the conventional charging management and control manner, and the voltage at the two ends of the battery keeps the output voltage of the charging management module entering the constant voltage charging stage, the battery is charged with the voltage higher than the rated value of the battery for a long time in the constant voltage mode, so that the overcharge of the battery is dangerous. As shown in fig. 2, the main controller controls the output current value of the charging management module to adjust the voltage values at the two ends of the battery, so that the voltage values at the two ends of the battery are less than or equal to the rated charging voltage. The overcharge of the battery is avoided, the charging safety of the battery can be reduced, and the service life of the battery is prolonged.
In practical applications, there may be a case where the charging voltage is higher than the rated charging voltage of the battery due to a charging chip accuracy error. For example, the typical output voltage of a charging chip matched with a 4.2V lithium battery is 4.2V, but due to accuracy errors, the actual maximum output voltage of the charging chip may be 4.25V; then a situation occurs in which the charging voltage across the battery is higher than 4.2V during the charging of the battery, and the battery risks overcharging. The voltage acquisition circuit is adopted to acquire the voltages at the two ends of the battery, and the main controller adjusts the charging current output by the charging management module according to the voltage values at the two ends of the battery, so that the voltage at the two ends of the battery is reduced, and the charging voltage is prevented from being larger than the rated charging voltage.
As shown in fig. 2, the system further includes: a memory. The memory is in signal connection with the main controller and is used for pre-storing rated charging voltage values, pre-charging voltage threshold values and rated charging current values corresponding to various batteries. And the main controller controls the charging management module to output pre-charging current, rated charging current or set charging current which is gradually reduced in a segmented manner according to the voltage values at the two ends of the battery, the rated charging voltage value and the pre-charging voltage threshold value so as to charge the battery.
Specifically, the main controller reads the rated charging voltage value and the pre-charging voltage threshold value in the memory, compares the rated charging voltage value and the pre-charging voltage threshold value with the voltage values at two ends of the battery to determine a battery charging stage, and then controls the charging current output by the charging management module according to the battery charging stage. When the voltage values at the two ends of the battery are smaller than the pre-charging voltage threshold value, the main controller sends a pre-charging instruction to the charging management module, so that the charging management module outputs a pre-charging current to charge the battery. When the voltage value at the two ends of the battery is larger than the pre-charging voltage threshold value and smaller than the rated charging voltage value, the main controller sends a constant current instruction to the charging management module, so that the charging management module outputs the rated charging current to charge the battery. And when the voltage values at the two ends of the battery are equal to the rated charging voltage value, the main controller sends a dynamic current adjusting instruction to the charging management module, so that the charging management module outputs the set charging current which is gradually reduced in sections to charge the battery.
It should be noted that, the charging current that is decreased step by step in a segmented manner is shown in fig. 3, and when the main controller detects that the voltages at the two ends of the battery reach the rated charging voltage, an instruction is sent to allow the charging management chip to end the constant current charging stage of the battery in advance, and enter the dynamic regulation constant current charging stage. The output current control unit reduces the charging current to the rated charging current 1, and the voltage at two ends of the battery immediately drops to the drop point 1 because the internal resistance of the battery is constant. When the battery starts to be charged continuously at the rated charging current 1, the battery voltage will then rise slowly from the drop point 1. When the main controller detects that the voltage of the battery reaches the rated charging voltage value again in the charging process, the output current control unit reduces the charging current to the rated charging current 2, and the voltage at the two ends of the battery immediately drops to the drop point 2. Repeating the above processes, and after N times of circulation, the open-circuit voltage of the battery is very close to the rated charging voltage value; then, the battery is charged with the rated current N until the charging is cut off. Wherein the rated charging current 1, the rated charging current 2, the rated charging current 3 and the like are charging currents which are gradually reduced in a segmented manner.
Meanwhile, the memory is preset with charging parameters corresponding to various types of batteries, such as: a nominal charging voltage value, a pre-charging voltage threshold value and a nominal charging current value. The main controller can determine the charging parameters corresponding to the battery by detecting the type of the battery. When the main controller receives the voltage values at the two ends of the battery sent by the voltage acquisition circuit, the main controller acquires the charging parameters corresponding to the battery and compares the voltage values at the two ends of the battery with the pre-charging voltage threshold value or the rated charging voltage value. As shown in fig. 3, if the voltage value across the battery is smaller than the pre-charge threshold, the charge management module outputs a pre-charge current to charge the battery, where the pre-charge current is a preset value and belongs to low-current charging. And if the voltage values at the two ends of the battery are greater than the pre-charging voltage threshold value and less than the rated charging voltage, the charging enters a constant-current charging process, and the charging management module outputs the rated charging current value to perform constant-current charging on the battery. And if the voltage values at the two ends of the battery are more than or equal to the rated charging voltage, entering a dynamic regulation constant current charging stage.
Further, the charging management module includes: the charging management chip and the output current control unit. The charging management chip is in signal connection with the main controller, the output end of the charging management chip is connected with the control end of the output current control unit, the input end of the output current control unit is electrically connected with the charging interface, and the output end of the output current control unit serves as the charging current output end of the charging management module. The charging management chip controls the output current control unit to output pre-charging current, rated charging current or set charging current which is gradually reduced in a segmented mode so as to charge the battery.
Specifically, when the charging management chip receives a precharge command, the charging management chip controls the output current control unit to output a precharge current. And when the charging management chip receives a constant current instruction, the charging management chip controls the output current control unit to output rated charging current. And when the charging management chip receives a dynamic current regulation instruction, the charging management chip controls the output current control unit to output charging current which is gradually reduced in a sectional manner.
Further, the charging management chip may employ an ETA6953 power management chip. Specifically, the external power source charges the device through the charging interface, the output current control unit receives the input current, and the charging management chip can adopt Yutai ETA6953, but is not limited to this type, as long as the charging management chip has a configurable charging current function. The external electricity is converted by the output current control unit and then outputs charging voltage and rated current to charge the battery; and simultaneously, the voltage at the two ends of the battery is monitored in real time by the voltage acquisition circuit module.
In practical application, as shown in fig. 3, the charging management chip actively reduces the charging current by sending a current regulation instruction to the charging management chip through the device main controller, and in a dynamic constant current regulation charging stage, the current regulation instruction is sent to the charging management chip, so that the output current control unit reduces the charging current. Through the control of the main controller to the charging management chip, the charging voltage of the battery can not exceed the rated charging voltage all the time to charge in the whole charging process, and the risk of overcharging of the battery is avoided. Even if the maximum charging voltage output by the charging chip due to the accuracy error is higher than the rated charging voltage of the battery, the charging process management and control strategy of the scheme can also ensure that the battery cannot be charged with the voltage higher than the rated charging voltage value to cause the overcharge of the battery, and the battery can be fully charged as far as possible, so that the overcharge phenomenon is avoided.
Further, the output current control unit includes: and the AC-DC power supply module is in signal connection with the charging management chip and adjusts an output current value according to the instruction received by the charging management chip.
In practical application, the AC-DC power supply module can adopt an AC-DC power supply chip. And converting the alternating current of the external power supply into direct current, and outputting different charging currents according to the requirement of a received instruction so as to realize the regulation of the charging current.
As shown in fig. 4, the voltage acquisition circuit includes: an amplifier and a voltage follower; the input end of the amplifier is used as the input end of the voltage acquisition circuit, and the output end of the amplifier is connected with the input end of the voltage follower. The amplifier is used for amplifying or reducing the collected voltage signals in proportion to convert the collected voltage signals into set voltage signals. The voltage follower is used for stabilizing a voltage signal output by the amplifier. It should be noted that the voltage follower may be implemented by using an amplifier.
Further, the voltage acquisition circuit further comprises: an AD conversion unit; the input end of the AD conversion unit is connected with the output end of the voltage follower, the output end of the AD conversion unit serves as the output end of the voltage acquisition circuit, and the AD conversion unit is used for analog-to-digital conversion of voltage signals. Further, the AD conversion unit adopts an AD conversion chip.
Specifically, the amplifier adopts an operational amplifier to convert the battery voltage into a proper level size through proportional amplification or reduction so as to meet the input requirement of analog-digital conversion inside the main controller; the voltage follower adopts an operational amplifier, stabilizes the output level of the amplifier, improves the stability of the acquisition circuit, and realizes analog-to-digital conversion through an AD conversion unit so as to feed back to the main controller, and the main controller compares the maximum rated charging voltage value set in the memory with the monitored voltage values at two ends of the battery; and according to the comparison result, the main controller sends a current switching instruction to a current control unit of the charging management chip to change the magnitude of the rated charging current.
It should be noted that the main controller is a microprocessor. The microprocessor may be a single chip microcomputer.
The utility model provides a prevent charging control system that battery overcharged gathers battery both ends voltage through voltage acquisition circuit, and when battery both ends voltage value equals rated charging voltage, main control unit control charging management module adjusts the charging current of output to make to charge and get into dynamic adjustment constant current and charge. The problem of current battery charging process's management and control scheme have charging voltage can be higher than battery rated voltage, cause the battery overcharge is solved, can improve the safety of charging and the life of battery.
The structure, features and effects of the present invention have been described in detail above according to the embodiment shown in the drawings, and the above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the implementation scope shown in the drawings, and all changes made according to the idea of the present invention or equivalent embodiments modified to the same changes should be considered within the protection scope of the present invention when not exceeding the spirit covered by the description and drawings.
Claims (10)
1. A charge control system for preventing overcharge of a battery, comprising: the charging management module, the main controller, the voltage acquisition circuit and the charging interface;
the charging management module is electrically connected with the charging interface, is in signal connection with the main controller, and is used for converting voltage or current input by an external power supply through the charging interface into set charging voltage or charging current to be output so as to charge a battery to be charged;
the output end of the voltage acquisition circuit is connected with the input end of the main controller, and the voltage acquisition circuit is used for acquiring the charging voltage at two ends of the battery to obtain voltage values at two ends of the battery and sending the voltage values at two ends of the battery to the main controller;
and the main controller is used for adjusting the charging current output by the charging management module according to the voltage values at the two ends of the battery so as to enable charging to enter dynamic adjustment constant current charging.
2. The charge control system for preventing overcharge of batteries according to claim 1, further comprising: a memory;
the memory is in signal connection with the main controller and is used for pre-storing rated charging voltage values, pre-charging voltage threshold values and rated charging current values corresponding to various batteries;
and the main controller controls the charging management module to output pre-charging current, rated charging current or set charging current which is gradually reduced in a segmented manner according to the voltage values at the two ends of the battery, the rated charging voltage value and the pre-charging voltage threshold value so as to charge the battery.
3. The charging control system for preventing overcharge of batteries according to claim 2, wherein the charging management module comprises: the charging management chip and the output current control unit;
the charging management chip is in signal connection with the main controller, the output end of the charging management chip is connected with the control end of the output current control unit, the input end of the output current control unit is electrically connected with the charging interface, and the output end of the output current control unit is used as the charging current output end of the charging management module;
the charging management chip controls the output current control unit to output pre-charging current, rated charging current or set charging current which is gradually reduced in a segmented mode so as to charge the battery.
4. The charging control system for preventing overcharge of a battery according to claim 3, wherein the output current control unit includes: and the AC-DC power supply module is in signal connection with the charging management chip and adjusts an output current value according to the instruction received by the charging management chip.
5. The charging control system for preventing the overcharge of the battery according to claim 4, wherein the AC-DC power supply module adopts an AC-DC power supply chip.
6. The charging control system for preventing overcharge of batteries according to claim 1, wherein the voltage acquisition circuit comprises: an amplifier and a voltage follower;
the input end of the amplifier is used as the input end of the voltage acquisition circuit, and the output end of the amplifier is connected with the input end of the voltage follower;
the amplifier is used for amplifying or reducing the collected voltage signals in proportion to convert the collected voltage signals into set voltage signals;
the voltage follower is used for stabilizing a voltage signal output by the amplifier.
7. The charging control system for preventing overcharge of batteries according to claim 6, wherein the voltage acquisition circuit further comprises: an AD conversion unit;
the input end of the AD conversion unit is connected with the output end of the voltage follower, and the output end of the AD conversion unit is used as the output end of the voltage acquisition circuit;
the AD conversion unit is used for analog-to-digital conversion of the voltage signal.
8. The charging control system for preventing the overcharge of the battery according to claim 7, wherein the AD conversion unit employs an AD conversion chip.
9. The charging control system for preventing overcharge of batteries according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the main controller employs a microprocessor.
10. The charging control system for preventing the overcharge of the battery according to claim 9, wherein the microprocessor is a single chip microcomputer.
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| CN202020124074.7U CN211480963U (en) | 2020-01-19 | 2020-01-19 | Charging control system for preventing battery from being overcharged |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112769187A (en) * | 2021-01-06 | 2021-05-07 | 南京能瑞电力科技有限公司 | Charging control method, control circuit and charging cabinet |
| CN113690986A (en) * | 2021-08-29 | 2021-11-23 | 浙江锋锂新能源科技有限公司 | Lithium metal battery module and charge-discharge control method |
-
2020
- 2020-01-19 CN CN202020124074.7U patent/CN211480963U/en active Active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112769187A (en) * | 2021-01-06 | 2021-05-07 | 南京能瑞电力科技有限公司 | Charging control method, control circuit and charging cabinet |
| CN113690986A (en) * | 2021-08-29 | 2021-11-23 | 浙江锋锂新能源科技有限公司 | Lithium metal battery module and charge-discharge control method |
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