CN211478762U - All-metal telescopic objective lens capable of being quickly assembled and adjusted - Google Patents
All-metal telescopic objective lens capable of being quickly assembled and adjusted Download PDFInfo
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- CN211478762U CN211478762U CN202020229292.7U CN202020229292U CN211478762U CN 211478762 U CN211478762 U CN 211478762U CN 202020229292 U CN202020229292 U CN 202020229292U CN 211478762 U CN211478762 U CN 211478762U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses an all-metal telescope objective that can debug fast, include a plurality of optical element who is connected with a plurality of support parts, still including main mirror, secondary mirror, three mirrors and the four mirrors that set up in a plurality of optical element. The utility model has the advantages that: the number of optical machine parts is reduced, optical elements can be integrally designed, all-metal material parts simplify assembly, the assembly is suitable for batch and standardized production, the requirements for assembling and debugging equipment are reduced, the assembling and debugging efficiency is improved compared with that of the traditional telescope objective, and the assembling and debugging iteration times are effectively reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an optical design and ray apparatus technical field specifically are an all-metal telescope objective that can debug fast.
Background
The telescope objective is a widely used optical lens and has numerous applications in the fields of astronomy, military industry, national defense and aerospace optical remote sensing. The telephoto objective lens is small enough for civil use, and the Hubble space telescope is large enough for the Hubble space telescope; the telescope objective lens can be divided into three types, namely a reflection type objective lens, a refraction type objective lens and a catadioptric hybrid objective lens according to optical elements used; the optical system can be classified into an on-axis type and an off-axis type according to the layout of elements in the optical system. The coaxial reflection type telescopic objective lens has the design advantages of no chromatic aberration and compact structure, is superior to other telescopic objective lenses in cost-efficiency ratio, and is most widely used in practice.
The coaxial reflex telescopic objective lens is derived from a telescope developed in newton in 1618 using a spherical mirror. With the application of the quadric surface reflector, the coaxial reflecting optical system realizes various aberration corrections, improves the imaging quality and improves the system identification capability; by using three-reflection or even four-reflection optical systems, the performance of the optical system can be further improved, large view field astigmatism elimination is realized, the system structure is compact, the length of the lens barrel is shortened, and the weight of the instrument is reduced.
The three-reflection and four-reflection optical systems bring higher requirements on design, processing and adjustment while improving the overall performance of the telescope; the compact system structure enables the requirements of the relative aperture and surface shape of the aspheric surface reflector to be obviously increased, and the cycle and cost of aspheric surface processing to be obviously increased; the multi-reflector optical structure makes the adjusting tolerance of each optical element stricter, and also increases the length and complexity of the adjusting process, especially for a large-aperture long-focus telescope objective lens, which is more prominent.
For comparison, references: sun Wen, Hujian Jun, etc., novel two-mirror catadioptric flat-field stigmatic telescope objective optical design [ J ], infrared and laser engineering, 2015, 44(12): 3667 design and development of low-cost high-resolution remote sensing camera of minisatellite, Sun Wen and Wen 3672 the index of the telescope objective optical system of two-mirror catadioptric optical structure proposed in Suzhou university 2015 is 200mm of entrance pupil diameter, 1400mm of focal length and 7 of F number, because the design of the optical machine that the glass reflecting mirror is matched with the non-focal power compensating mirror group is adopted, the glass reflecting mirror needs to be matched with the mirror frame and is installed in a gluing way, the wavefront of the mirror surface shape correcting system is corrected by using the manual polishing and repairing sub-mirror, the adjustment of the two reflection systems is carried out by using the interferometer 0-position detection method, and the part standardization of the aspheric surface reflecting mirror and the batch manufacturing of the whole machine cannot be realized in anticipation depending on the methods and the processes of detection equipment and processing personnel. This telescope objective need use titanium alloy material with the coefficient of thermal expansion of the base glass material of matching the speculum, design light machine structure weight 11.18kg, structure length 350mm, diameter 250mm, weight and the equal far-reaching of size the utility model discloses the realizable telescope objective of well technical scheme.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
An object of the utility model is to provide a but all-metal telescope objective of quick assembly and adjustment to solve the problem that provides in the above-mentioned background art.
In order to achieve the above object, the utility model provides a following technical scheme: the utility model provides a but all metal telescope objective of quick assembly and adjustment, includes effective optical surface primary mirror, secondary mirror, three mirrors, four mirrors, first support part and second support part, the primary mirror inward flange with three mirror outward flange axial position are close to and do not have radial overlap, and the ray apparatus design will the primary mirror with three mirrors combine to be first optical element, four mirrors are second optical element, the secondary mirror is third optical element, first optical element is in a first sphere of detachable is inlayed to three mirror centre bores, second optical element back design has the second sphere in annular aperture, third optical element back design has the third sphere, the common centre of sphere of first sphere, second sphere and third sphere is located on the optical axis behind the third optical element, first support part is used for installing first optical element, second support part is used for connecting first optical element, A second optical element and a third optical element.
Preferably, the first optical element, the second optical element and the third optical element simultaneously comprise at least one effective optical surface and one adjustment auxiliary spherical surface.
Preferably, the first optical element, the second optical element and the third optical element include a plurality of adjustment auxiliary spherical surfaces, the spherical centers are located at the same point, the adjustment auxiliary spherical surfaces are reflecting surfaces, and the surface shape is a spherical surface or a spherical surface with a central hole.
Preferably, the plurality of effective optical surfaces included in the first optical element, the second optical element, and the third optical element are reflective surfaces, and the surfaces are spherical surfaces, quadric surfaces, or high-order aspherical surfaces.
Preferably, the first optical element, the second optical element and the third optical element are processed by a diamond single point turning process.
Preferably, the curvature radius values R1, R2 and R3 of the first spherical surface, the second spherical surface and the third spherical surface are in the size relationship of R1 > R2 > R3.
Preferably, the materials used for the all-metal telescopic objective lens capable of being quickly adjusted include, but are not limited to, aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, chemical nickel, silicon, and ceramic glass.
Preferably, the all-metal telescopic objective lens capable of being quickly adjusted is of a concave-convex-concave-convex structure, optical surfaces of the primary mirror, the secondary mirror, the third mirror and the fourth mirror are aspheric surfaces, the effective aperture of the optical system is 200mm, the focal length is 1400mm, the F number is 7, the full field angle is 1.3 degrees, the full weight of the optical-mechanical structure is 1.65kg, the structural length is 240mm, and the diameter is 206 mm.
Advantageous effects
The utility model provides an all-metal telescope objective lens which can be quickly assembled and adjusted, the number of optical machine parts is reduced, optical elements can be integrally designed, and the assembly of all-metal material parts is simplified;
the non-spherical mirror is suitable for batch and standardized production, the non-spherical mirror made of the metal material and manufactured by diamond single-point turning is used in the technical scheme, the manufacturing efficiency, the precision and the consistency are better, and the method and the experience of processing personnel can be not relied on; the optical element and the structural part can be processed by using the same metal material, so that the passive athermalization of the telescope objective optical machine is conveniently realized;
the requirement on the equipment for installation and debugging is reduced, because the image quality of an optical system or the wavefront of the system does not need to be measured in the installation and debugging process, and an expensive large-caliber transfer function instrument or interferometer does not need to be occupied;
the assembly and adjustment efficiency is improved compared with that of the traditional telescope objective, because the reflector is not needed to be installed in a gluing mode, the once assembly position precision of the optical element is high, the method for measuring the position of the optical element by using the optical imaging method is objective and reliable, and the assembly and adjustment iteration times are effectively reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a coaxial four-reflection optical system according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of the light envelope of the coaxial four-reflection optical system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the installation and adjustment auxiliary spherical surface and the concentric spherical center position of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the optical-mechanical structure of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the optical-mechanical device of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the position relationship between the optical machine and the imaging optical path and the adjusting optical path of the present invention;
fig. 7a is a schematic view of the spherical surface 1 auto-collimation imaging light path of the present invention;
fig. 7b is a schematic view of the spherical surface 2 auto-collimation imaging light path of the present invention;
fig. 7c is a schematic view of the spherical surface 3 auto-collimation imaging light path of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the installation and debugging data to be tested of the present invention.
Reference numerals
The method comprises the following steps of 1-a main mirror, 2-a secondary mirror, 3-a third mirror, 4-a fourth mirror, 5-a first optical element, 6-a second optical element, 7-a third optical element, 8-a first spherical surface, 9-a second spherical surface, 10-a third spherical surface, 11-a first support part, 12-a second support part, 13-a common spherical center, 14-point source microscopic equipment, 15-a first spherical surface auto-collimation image, 16-an image surface, 17-a second spherical surface auto-collimation image and 18-a third spherical surface auto-collimation image.
Detailed Description
The following are specific embodiments of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are further described, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
Example 1
The coaxial four-reflection telescope objective lens is of a concave-convex-concave-convex structure, the effective optical surfaces are a primary mirror 1, a secondary mirror 2, a third mirror 3 and a fourth mirror 4, and all the effective optical surfaces are aspheric surfaces; the effective aperture of the optical system is 200mm, the focal length is 1400mm, the F number is 7, the full field angle is 1.3 degrees, the full weight of the optical-mechanical structure is 1.65kg, the structure length is 240mm, and the diameter is 206 mm;
the optical system structure is shown in fig. 1, and the optical path is described as follows: light in an imaging light path is reflected to the secondary mirror 2 through the primary mirror 1 and is reflected and imaged to a primary image surface through the secondary mirror 2, the primary image surface is located at a central hole of the four mirrors 4, imaging light passes through the central hole of the four mirrors 4 and then reaches the three mirrors 3, the imaging light is reflected to the four mirrors 4 through the three mirrors 3, and the imaging light passes through the central hole of the three mirrors 3 and then is imaged to the image surface through the four mirrors 4.
As shown in fig. 3, the optical system has a light envelope, the primary mirror 1 and the tertiary mirror 3 are both concave surfaces, the primary mirror 1 and the tertiary mirror 3 are combined into one optical element for processing in the optical design in which the axial positions of the inner edge of the primary mirror 1 and the outer edge of the tertiary mirror 3 are close to each other and no radial overlapping exists, the optical element including the primary mirror and the tertiary mirror is processed into the first optical element 5, the optical element processed with the fourth mirror is processed into the second optical element 6, and the optical element processed with the secondary mirror 2 is processed into the third optical element 7.
As shown in fig. 3, a detachable first spherical surface 8 is embedded in the central hole of the third mirror 3 of the first optical element 5, the first spherical surface is used as an adjustment auxiliary spherical surface, the back of the second optical element 6 is provided with a second spherical surface 9 with an annular aperture, the back of the third optical element 7 is provided with a third spherical surface 10, the common spherical center of the first spherical surface 8, the second spherical surface 9 and the third spherical surface 10 is located behind the third optical element on the optical axis, the curvature radius values R1, R2 and R3 of the first spherical surface 8, the second spherical surface 9 and the third spherical surface 10 are R1 > R2 > R3.
When the self-collimating image point of the adjusting auxiliary spherical mirror is used for measuring the position of an optical element, the radial resolution ratio
、
And axial resolution
Is calculated as follows:
，
in the formula SpixelIs the pixel size of the point source microscopy equipment, β is the transverse magnification of the point source microscopy optical system, RBall with ball-shaped sectionFor setting-up auxiliary spherical radii, DBall with ball-shaped sectionFor adjusting the effective aperture of the auxiliary sphere, a multiplication operator.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the components constituting the telescopic objective lens include a first holder component 11 and a second holder component 12 in addition to the first optical element 5, the second optical element 6 and the third optical element 7, the first holder component 11 is used for mounting the first optical element 5 and is designed with an external telescopic objective lens interface, and the second holder component 12 is used for mounting and connecting the first optical element 5, the second optical element 6 and the third optical element 7; all optical elements and support parts are made of aluminum alloy material Al6061-T6, and diamond single-point turning or trimming is used for machining or trimming the effective optical surface, the spherical surface for installation and adjustment and the mounting end surface, and the form and position tolerance between the surfaces is required to be +/-1 mu m.
The specific system design parameters are as follows:
imaging optical system parameters:
adjusting spherical parameters:
| name of noodle | Radius of sphere mm | Spherical caliber |
| The first spherical surface | 65.00 | 30.00 |
| Second spherical surface | 116.00 | 37.64 |
| Third sphere | 188.16 | 24.00 |
The common sphere center point is taken as the origin of coordinates, the incident direction of the light is taken as the positive direction, and the vertex axial coordinate values of all the surfaces in the system are as follows:
| serial number | Z-axis coordinate mm | Note |
| 1 | 0 | |
| 2 | 64 | Vertex of the |
| 3 | 71.46 | Vertex of secondary mirror |
| 4 | 116 | Second |
| 5 | 121.46 | Vertex of four |
| 6 | 181.46 | Vertex of |
| 7 | 188.16 | First |
| 8 | 188.5 | Three-mirror vertex |
The used point source microscopic equipment has microscope objective magnification of 25 times, detector pixel size of 2.8 micron, and radial resolution measured according to the position of optical element
、
And axial resolution
The calculation formula of (2):
，
calculating the position measurement resolution of the optical element as follows:
example 2
Based on the optical and optical machine design, the schematic diagram of the position relationship between the whole optical machine and the imaging optical path and the adjusting optical path is shown in fig. 6, and the specific adjusting steps are as follows:
step one, an optical element serving as an assembly and adjustment reference in a system is firmly fixed to a tool;
placing the point source microscopic imaging equipment on an optical axis, adjusting the position of the equipment to align with an auxiliary adjusting spherical surface on the optical element serving as an adjusting reference, focusing and adjusting the spherical center auto-collimation image to the center of an equipment image surface, locking the position of the equipment, and recording the spherical center image and the position data of the optical element serving as the adjusting reference;
sequentially assembling the optical elements to be assembled, acquiring the installation and adjustment auxiliary spherical center auto-collimation images of the optical elements through fixed point source microscopic imaging equipment, recording image data, and calculating the radial offset and the axial offset of the optical elements relative to an installation and adjustment reference;
fourthly, disassembling the optical element assembled and measured in the third step, and turning and repairing the structural part by using a diamond single-point turning process according to the axial offset;
fifthly, the optical element is installed again, and the axial offset is measured again through the point source microscopic imaging equipment and confirmed to be reduced to meet the assembly tolerance requirement;
step six, adjusting the radial offset of the optical element to meet the assembly tolerance requirement, and fixing the optical element;
and seventhly, dismantling the tool to finish assembly and adjustment, wherein the appearance of the telescopic objective lens is shown in figure 4 after the assembly and adjustment is finished, and the section structure is shown in figure 5.
The radial offset X, Y and the axial offset Z of the optical element are calculated as follows:
；
；
wherein x, y, and r are position data h and radius size data recorded in units of pixel number, and SpixelIs the pixel size of the point source microscopy equipment, β is the transverse magnification of the point source microscopy optical system, RBall with ball-shaped sectionFor setting-up auxiliary spherical radii, DBall with ball-shaped sectionFor adjusting the effective aperture of the auxiliary sphere, a multiplication operator.
Based on a diamond single-point turning process, processing an optical surface of an optical element and a reference spherical surface for installation and adjustment on a metal base material, wherein the reference spherical surface for installation and adjustment of each optical element is designed to be concentric; the diamond single-point turning process used for processing the optical element enables the processing of the optical surface, the mechanical installation leaning surface and the installation and adjustment reference spherical surface to be finished in one clamping, the form and position errors among the surfaces can be ignored, and the reference transfer precision is ensured; in the assembly and debugging, the concentric characteristic of the assembly and debugging reference spherical surface is utilized, the offset of the optical element is calculated by measuring the size and the position of the self-alignment image of the center of the sphere and is used as the reference for assembly and debugging, so that the assembly and debugging process can be simplified, the requirement on assembly and debugging equipment is lowered, and the assembly and debugging efficiency of the system is effectively improved; in addition, the technical scheme can be popularized to the design and adjustment of the off-axis optical imaging system, and has strong practicability.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the content of the present invention within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a but all metal telescope objective of quick assembly and adjustment, includes effective optical surface primary mirror (1), secondary mirror (2), third mirror (3), fourth mirror (4), first support part (11) and second support part (12), its characterized in that: the inner edge of the primary mirror (1) and the outer edge of the three-mirror (3) are close to each other in axial position and do not have radial overlapping, the optical machine design combines the primary mirror (1) and the three-mirror (3) into a first optical element (5), the four-mirror (4) is a second optical element (6), the secondary mirror (2) is a third optical element (7), the first optical element (5) is embedded with a first detachable spherical surface (8) in the central hole of the three-mirror (3), the back of the second optical element (6) is provided with a second spherical surface (9) with an annular aperture, the back of the third optical element (7) is provided with a third spherical surface (10), the common spherical centers (13) of the first spherical surface (8), the second spherical surface (9) and the third spherical surface (10) are located on the optical axis behind the third optical element (7), and the first support part (11) is used for installing the first optical element (5), the second carrier part (12) is used for connecting the first optical element (5), the second optical element (6) and the third optical element (7).
2. The rapidly adjustable all-metal telescopic objective lens of claim 1, wherein: the first optical element (5), the second optical element (6) and the third optical element (7) simultaneously comprise at least one effective optical surface and one adjusting auxiliary spherical surface.
3. The rapidly adjustable all-metal telescopic objective lens of claim 2, wherein: the first optical element (5), the second optical element (6) and the third optical element (7) comprise a plurality of adjusting auxiliary spherical surfaces, the spherical centers are located at the same point, the adjusting auxiliary spherical surfaces are reflecting surfaces, and the surface shape is a spherical surface or a spherical surface with a central hole.
4. The rapidly adjustable all-metal telescopic objective lens of claim 2, wherein: the plurality of effective optical surfaces included in the first optical element (5), the second optical element (6) and the third optical element (7) are reflecting surfaces, and the surface shape is a spherical surface, a quadric surface or a high-order aspheric surface.
5. The rapidly adjustable all-metal telescopic objective lens of claim 2, wherein: the first optical element (5), the second optical element (6) and the third optical element (7) are processed by adopting a diamond single point turning process.
6. The rapidly adjustable all-metal telescopic objective lens of claim 1, wherein: the curvature radius values R1, R2 and R3 of the first spherical surface (8), the second spherical surface (9) and the third spherical surface (10) have the size relationship of R1 > R2 > R3.
7. The rapidly adjustable all-metal telescopic objective lens of claim 1, wherein: the materials used for the all-metal telescopic objective lens capable of being quickly adjusted include but are not limited to aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, chemical nickel, silicon and ceramic glass.
8. The rapidly adjustable all-metal telescopic objective lens of claim 1, wherein: the all-metal telescope objective capable of being quickly adjusted is of a concave-convex-concave-convex structure, optical surfaces of the primary mirror (1), the secondary mirror (2), the three mirrors (3) and the four mirrors (4) are aspheric surfaces, the effective aperture of an optical system is 200mm, the focal length is 1400mm, the F number is 7, the full field angle is 1.3 degrees, the total weight of an optical-mechanical structure is 1.65kg, the structural length is 240mm, and the diameter is 206 mm.
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| CN202020229292.7U CN211478762U (en) | 2020-02-29 | 2020-02-29 | All-metal telescopic objective lens capable of being quickly assembled and adjusted |
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| CN202020229292.7U CN211478762U (en) | 2020-02-29 | 2020-02-29 | All-metal telescopic objective lens capable of being quickly assembled and adjusted |
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