CN211472676U

CN211472676U - Excavator direction control system and excavator

Info

Publication number: CN211472676U
Application number: CN201922378988.6U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王芳; 王建华; 贾志伟
Original assignee: Sany Heavy Machinery Ltd
Current assignee: Sany Heavy Machinery Ltd
Priority date: 2019-12-26
Filing date: 2019-12-26
Publication date: 2020-09-11
Anticipated expiration: 2029-12-26

Abstract

The utility model provides an excavator directional control system and excavator relates to mechanical equipment technical field. The excavator direction control system comprises a controller and an angle detector connected with the controller; the traveling electromagnetic valve is characterized by further comprising a gearbox, a front-back reversing assembly and a traveling electromagnetic valve, wherein in an advancing oil way and a retreating oil way of the gearbox, the advancing oil way of the traveling electromagnetic valve is communicated with one of the advancing oil way and the retreating oil way of the traveling electromagnetic valve is communicated with the other of the advancing oil way and the retreating oil way, and the front-back reversing assembly is used for changing the communicated oil way of the traveling electromagnetic valve and the; the forward and backward reversing assembly is connected with the controller. The excavator comprises the excavator direction control system, and the angle detector is arranged in a cab. The excavator direction control system enables an excavator operator to carry out conventional habitual operation on the forward gear and the backward gear according to the orientation of the cab, and is high in operation convenience and low in operation error probability.

Description

Excavator direction control system and excavator

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of mechanical equipment technique and specifically relates to an excavator directional control system and excavator are related to.

Background

An excavator is an earth moving machine which excavates materials higher or lower than a bearing surface by using a bucket and loads the materials into a transport vehicle or unloads the materials to a stockyard, and is one of the most important engineering machines in engineering construction.

The cab of the excavator can freely rotate around the slewing bearing, so that the cab is always in the direction towards the rear wheels in the operation process of the excavator, and if the excavator operator needs to control the excavator to move forwards on the basis of the direction of the cab in the state, the excavator operator needs to realize the operation by engaging a rear gear; similarly, in this state, the excavator operator needs to engage the forward gear to realize the backward movement based on the cab orientation, which is contrary to the conventional operation, and the excavator operator is inconvenient to operate and is easy to operate incorrectly to affect the normal operation of the excavator.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

An object of the utility model is to provide an excavator directional control system and excavator to when the driver's cabin of the excavator of alleviating existence among the prior art backward, dig the quick-witted operative hand and use the driver's cabin orientation as the operation of advancing and retreating of benchmark opposite with conventional operation, lead to digging the inconvenient and easy technical problem who operates the mistake of quick-witted operative hand operation.

In a first aspect, an embodiment provides an excavator direction control system, which includes a controller, an angle detector for detecting a steering angle of a cab of an excavator, and the angle detector is connected with the controller;

the direction control system also comprises a walking direction control system, the walking direction control system comprises a gearbox, a forward and backward reversing assembly and a walking electromagnetic valve, in an forward oil way and a backward oil way of the gearbox, the forward oil way of the walking electromagnetic valve is communicated with one of the forward oil way and the backward oil way, the backward oil way of the walking electromagnetic valve is communicated with the other of the forward oil way and the backward oil way, and the forward and backward reversing assembly is used for changing the communicated oil way of the walking electromagnetic valve and the gearbox; the forward and backward reversing assembly is connected with the controller.

In an optional embodiment, the forward and backward direction reversing assembly comprises a forward and backward direction electromagnetic reversing valve, in both a forward oil path and a backward oil path of the transmission, the forward oil path of the walking electromagnetic valve is communicated with one of the forward and backward direction electromagnetic reversing valve through the forward and backward direction electromagnetic reversing valve, and the backward oil path of the walking electromagnetic valve is communicated with the other forward and backward direction electromagnetic reversing valve through the forward and backward direction electromagnetic reversing valve; the front and back electromagnetic directional valves are connected with the controller.

In an optional embodiment, the forward-backward reversing assembly comprises a forward-backward electromagnetic switch valve, a forward-backward two-position four-way reversing valve and a forward-backward pilot pump, and the forward-backward pilot pump is communicated with a control end of the forward-backward two-position four-way reversing valve through the forward-backward electromagnetic switch valve; in the forward oil way and the backward oil way of the gearbox, the forward oil way of the walking electromagnetic valve is communicated with one of the forward oil way and the backward oil way through the forward and backward two-position four-way reversing valve, and the backward oil way of the walking electromagnetic valve is communicated with the other one of the forward oil way and the backward oil way through the forward and backward two-position four-way reversing valve; the forward and backward electromagnetic switch valves are connected with the controller.

In an optional embodiment, the direction control system further comprises a steering control system, the steering control system comprises a steering gear, a steering reversing assembly and a steering oil cylinder, of a left-turning oil path and a right-turning oil path of the steering oil cylinder, the left-turning oil path of the steering gear is communicated with one of the steering gear and the right-turning oil path of the steering gear is communicated with the other of the steering gear and the right-turning oil path of the steering gear, and the steering reversing assembly is used for changing the communicated oil path of the steering gear and the steering oil cylinder; the steering and reversing assembly is connected with the controller.

In an optional embodiment, the steering reversing assembly comprises a steering electromagnetic reversing valve, in both a left-turning oil path and a right-turning oil path of the steering oil cylinder, the left-turning oil path of the steering gear is communicated with one of the steering electromagnetic reversing valve and the right-turning oil path of the steering gear is communicated with the other steering electromagnetic reversing valve; the steering electromagnetic directional valve is connected with the controller.

In an optional embodiment, the front-back direction reversing assembly and the steering direction reversing assembly are integrated into a four-position eight-energized magnetic reversing valve, and the four-position eight-energized magnetic reversing valve is connected with the controller.

In an optional embodiment, the steering reversing assembly comprises a steering electromagnetic switch valve, a steering two-position four-way reversing valve and a steering pilot pump, and the steering pilot pump is communicated with the control end of the steering two-position four-way reversing valve through the steering electromagnetic switch valve; in the left-turn oil path and the right-turn oil path of the steering oil cylinder, the left-turn oil path of the steering gear is communicated with one of the left-turn oil path and the right-turn oil path through the steering two-position four-way reversing valve, and the right-turn oil path of the steering gear is communicated with the other one of the left-turn oil path and the right-turn oil path through the steering two-position four-way reversing valve; the steering electromagnetic switch valve is connected with the controller.

In a second aspect, embodiments provide an excavator, comprising the excavator direction control system of any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the angle detector of the excavator direction control system is arranged in a cab of the excavator.

In an alternative embodiment, the excavator further comprises a blade, the blade being located behind the frame of the excavator.

In an alternative embodiment, the excavator further comprises a display, the display being connected to the controller.

The utility model discloses excavator direction control system and excavator's beneficial effect includes:

the utility model provides an excavator direction control system and excavator, wherein, excavator direction control system includes the angle detector that is used for detecting driver's cabin steering angle, is used for controlling the walking direction control system of excavator walking direction and controls the controller of the oil circuit intercommunication mode of walking direction control system according to the steering angle signal of angle detector transmission; the excavator comprises a cab for an excavator operator to perform various excavator control operations and the direction control system capable of controlling the direction of the excavator.

Initially, setting a forward oil way of the gearbox as a first forward oil way and a backward oil way as a first backward oil way, and setting a forward oil way of the traveling solenoid valve as a second forward oil way and a backward oil way as a second backward oil way, wherein the first forward oil way is communicated with the second forward oil way, and the first backward oil way is communicated with the second backward oil way; when the excavator operating hand is used for driving the excavator, the excavator operating hand is connected with a forward gear, the second forward oil inlet circuit supplies oil to the first forward oil circuit and drives the gearbox to drive a transmission shaft of the excavator to rotate, and then the excavator is driven to move towards the direction of a front wheel; when the excavator operating hand is in gear shifting, the second backward oil circuit supplies oil to the first backward oil circuit and drives the gearbox to drive the transmission shaft of the excavator to rotate in the reverse direction, and then the excavator is driven to move in the direction departing from the front wheel.

The front wheels of the excavator are steering wheels, when the steering wheels are positioned right ahead of a cab, the steering angle a of the cab is 0 degrees, and when the steering angle a of the cab to the left or the right is more than 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees, the cab of the excavator faces the steering wheels forwards; when the steering angle a of the cab to the left or right is 90 °, the cab is oriented to the direct left or right. When the steering angle is within the angle range, the angle detector transmits a detected corresponding steering angle signal to the controller, the controller receives the signal and judges that the cab is arranged forwards, the forward and backward reversing component is correspondingly controlled to still maintain the oil circuit communicated state, when the excavator operating hand is in forward gear, the excavator moves towards the front of the front wheel and the cab, when the excavator operating hand is in backward gear, the excavator runs away from the front of the front wheel and the cab, the operation is conventional habitual operation, and the operation habit of the excavator operating hand is small in error.

When the steering angle of the cab to the left or right is more than 90 degrees and less than a and less than 270 degrees, the cab faces the rear wheels, the angle detector transmits a detected corresponding steering angle signal to the controller, the controller receives the signal and judges that the cab is arranged towards the rear, the forward and backward reversing assembly is correspondingly controlled to reverse the communicating oil way of the gearbox and the traveling electromagnetic valve, after reversing, the first forward oil way is communicated with the second backward oil way, and the first backward oil way is communicated with the second forward oil way; when the excavator operating hand drives the excavator, the excavator operating hand is connected with a forward gear, the second forward oil inlet circuit supplies oil to the first backward oil circuit and drives the gearbox to drive a transmission shaft of the excavator to rotate so as to drive the excavator to move in a direction departing from the front wheel, at the moment, the whole excavator moves backward relative to the front wheel and the rear wheel, the direction of the cab faces the rear wheel, the direction of the movement of the excavator relative to the cab is forward movement, the operation of the excavator operating hand on the forward gear is consistent with the direction of the cab, and the conventional operation habit is met; similarly, when the excavator operating hand is in a backward gear, the second backward oil circuit supplies oil to the first forward oil circuit and drives the gearbox to drive the transmission shaft of the excavator to rotate reversely so as to drive the excavator to move towards the direction of the front wheels, at the moment, the whole excavator moves forwards relative to the front wheels and the rear wheels, the direction of the movement of the excavator is backward movement relative to the cab by taking the direction of the cab as a reference as the direction of the cab towards the rear wheels, the operation of the excavator operating hand on the backward gear is consistent with the direction of the cab, and the conventional operation habit is also met, so that the operation of the excavator operating hand is facilitated, the probability of operation errors is reduced, and the normal operation of the excavator is ensured.

The excavator direction control system enables an excavator operator to carry out conventional habitual operation on the forward gear and the backward gear according to the orientation of the cab no matter the orientation of the cab faces forwards or backwards, so that the operation convenience of the excavator is improved, the operation error probability of the excavator operator is reduced, and the normal work of the excavator is correspondingly ensured.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the technical solutions in the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an excavator according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which a cab is disposed forward and a steering angle a is 0 °;

fig. 2 is a schematic view of an excavator according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the cab is disposed rearward and the steering angle a is 180 °;

fig. 3 is a schematic connection diagram of a cab forward time direction control system in an excavator according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic connection diagram of a direction control system for backward movement of a cab in an excavator according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Icon: 100-a controller; 200-a cab; 300-angle detector; 410-a gearbox; 411-first forward oil path; 412-first retract line; 420-a walking electromagnetic valve; 421-second forward oil way; 422-second retreat oil path; 510-a diverter; 511-a first left turn oil path; 512-first right-turn oil path; 520-steering oil cylinder; 521-a second left-turn oil path; 522-second right-turn oil path; 600-four-position eight-energized magnetic directional valve; 700-a dozer blade; 810-front wheels; 820-front steering bridge; 830-a rear axle; 840-rear wheel; 850-frame; 860-a rotating platform; 870-a bucket rack; 880-drive shaft.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention, as generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.

Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate the position or positional relationship based on the position or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the position or positional relationship that the products of the present invention are usually placed when used, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element to which the term refers must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

Some embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below and the features of the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

The present embodiment provides an excavator direction control system, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, comprising a controller 100, an angle detector 300 for detecting a steering angle of a cab 200 of an excavator, the angle detector 300 being connected to the controller 100; the direction control system further comprises a walking direction control system, the walking direction control system comprises a gearbox 410, a forward and backward reversing assembly and a walking electromagnetic valve 420, in an advancing oil way and a retreating oil way of the gearbox 410, the advancing oil way of the walking electromagnetic valve 420 is communicated with one of the advancing oil way and the retreating oil way of the walking electromagnetic valve 420 is communicated with the other of the advancing oil way and the retreating oil way, and the forward and backward reversing assembly is used for changing a communicated oil way of the walking electromagnetic valve 420 and the gearbox 410; the forward and backward direction changing assembly is connected to the controller 100.

The present embodiment further provides an excavator, which includes the excavator direction control system, and the angle detector 300 of the excavator direction control system is disposed in the cab 200 of the excavator.

The specific control method of the excavator direction control system can be as follows: when the steering wheel is positioned right in front of the cab 200, the steering angle of the cab 200 is set to be 0 °, and the control step includes: the angle detector 300 transmits the steering angle a of the steering room 200 around the rotary support to the controller 100, when a is more than or equal to 0 degree and less than or equal to 90 degrees, the controller 100 controls the forward and backward reversing assembly to communicate the forward oil path of the gearbox 410 with the forward oil path of the traveling electromagnetic valve 420, and the backward oil path of the gearbox 410 is communicated with the backward oil path of the traveling electromagnetic valve 420; when the angle is more than 90 degrees and less than a and less than 270 degrees, the controller 100 controls the forward and backward reversing assembly to communicate the forward oil path of the gearbox 410 with the backward oil path of the walking electromagnetic valve 420 and communicate the backward oil path of the gearbox 410 with the forward oil path of the walking electromagnetic valve 420.

The utility model provides an excavator direction control system and excavator, wherein, excavator direction control system includes angle detector 300 that is used for detecting driver's cabin 200 steering angle, walking direction control system that is used for controlling the excavator walking direction and controller 100 according to the steering angle signal control walking direction control system's of angle detector 300 transmission oil circuit intercommunication mode; the excavator includes a cab 200 for an excavator operator to perform various excavator control operations, and a direction control system capable of controlling the direction of the excavator.

Initially, a forward oil path of the transmission 410 is set as a first forward oil path 411 and a backward oil path is set as a first backward oil path 412, a forward oil path of the traveling solenoid valve 420 is set as a second forward oil path 421 and a backward oil path is set as a second backward oil path 422, wherein the first forward oil path 411 is communicated with the second forward oil path 421, and the first backward oil path 412 is communicated with the second backward oil path 422; when the excavator operator drives the excavator, the excavator operator engages with the forward gear, the second forward oil path 421 supplies oil to the first forward oil path 411 and drives the gearbox 410 to drive the transmission shaft 880 of the excavator to rotate, and then the excavator is driven to move towards the front wheel 810; when the excavator operating hand is in reverse gear, the second reverse oil path 422 supplies oil to the first reverse oil path 412 and drives the gearbox 410 to drive the transmission shaft 880 of the excavator to rotate reversely, and then the excavator is driven to move in the direction departing from the front wheel 810.

As shown in fig. 1, when the front wheels 810 of the excavator are steering wheels and the steering wheels are positioned directly in front of the cab 200, the steering angle a of the cab 200 is 0 ° (alternatively, when the bucket rack 870 is used as a reference and the bucket rack 870 is positioned directly in front of the cab 200, a is 0 °), the steering angle 0 ° < a < 90 ° to the left or right of the cab 200 is obtained, and the cab 200 of the excavator faces the steering wheels forward; when the steering angle a of the cab 200 to the left or right is 90 °, the cab 200 is directed to the positive left or right. When the steering angle is within the above range, the angle detector 300 transmits the detected corresponding steering angle signal to the controller 100, and the controller 100 receives the signal and determines that the cab 200 is disposed forward and correspondingly controls the forward and backward direction-changing assembly to maintain the above oil-way connection state, so that when the excavator operating hand is in the forward gear, the excavator moves forward to the front of the front wheel 810 and the cab 200, and when the excavator operating hand is in the backward gear, the excavator runs away from the front of the front wheel 810 and the cab 200, and the operation is a conventional operation, and the operation habit of the excavator operating hand is small in error.

When the steering angle of the cab 200 to the left or right is 90 ° < a < 270 °, the cab 200 faces the rear wheels 840, as shown in fig. 2, the rear wheels 840 are located right in front of the cab 200, the steering angle a of the cab 200 is 180 °, the angle detector 300 transmits the detected corresponding steering angle signal to the controller 100, the controller 100 receives the signal and judges that the cab 200 is arranged towards the rear, correspondingly controls the forward and backward reversing assembly to reverse the communicating oil passages of the gearbox 410 and the traveling solenoid valve 420, the first forward oil passage 411 is communicated with the second backward oil passage 422, and the first backward oil passage 412 is communicated with the second forward oil passage 421; when the excavator operator drives the excavator, the excavator operator hooks a forward gear, the second forward oil way 421 supplies oil to the first backward oil way 412 and drives the gearbox 410 to drive the transmission shaft 880 of the excavator to rotate so as to drive the excavator to move in a direction away from the front wheel 810, at the moment, the whole excavator moves backward relative to the front wheel 810 and the rear wheel 840, the direction of the excavator operator is forward relative to the cab 200 by taking the direction of the cab 200 as a reference due to the fact that the cab 200 faces the rear wheel 840, and the operation of the excavator operator on the forward gear is consistent with the direction of the cab 200, so that the excavator operator accords with the conventional operation habit; similarly, when the excavator operating hand is in a backward gear, the second backward oil path 422 supplies oil to the first forward oil path 411 and drives the gearbox 410 to drive the transmission shaft 880 of the excavator to rotate reversely so as to drive the excavator to move towards the direction of the front wheels 810, at the moment, the whole excavator moves forwards relative to the front wheels 810 and the rear wheels 840, as the cab 200 faces the rear wheels 840, the direction of the movement of the excavator relative to the cab 200 is a backward movement, and the operation of the excavator operating hand on the backward gear is consistent with the direction of the cab 200, so that the conventional operation habit is met, the operation of the excavator operating hand is facilitated, the probability of operation errors is reduced, and the normal operation of the excavator is ensured.

The excavator direction control system enables the excavator operating hand to carry out conventional habitual operation on the forward gear and the backward gear by taking the direction of the cab 200 as a reference no matter whether the direction of the cab 200 faces forwards or backwards, so that the operation convenience of the excavator is improved, the operation error probability of the excavator operating hand is reduced, and the normal work of the excavator is correspondingly ensured.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the excavator may include two front wheels 810, a front steering axle 820 connected between the two front wheels 810, two rear wheels 840, and a rear axle 830 connected between the two rear wheels 840, the front steering axle 820 and the rear axle 830 are installed at the bottom of a frame 850 of the excavator, the frame 850 is pivotally connected with a swing platform 860 through a swing bearing, and the cab 200 is fixedly installed on the swing platform 860; the front steering axle 820 and the rear axle 830 are connected through a transmission shaft 880, and the gearbox 410 can drive the transmission shaft 880 to rotate and control the rotation direction of the transmission shaft 880, so that the forward or backward movement of the excavator is correspondingly controlled; in particular, the angle sensor may be an angle sensor.

Optionally, in this embodiment, the forward and backward direction reversing assembly may include a forward and backward direction electromagnetic reversing valve, in both a forward oil path and a backward oil path of the transmission 410, the forward oil path of the traveling solenoid valve 420 is communicated with one of the forward and backward direction electromagnetic reversing valves, and the backward oil path of the traveling solenoid valve 420 is communicated with the other one of the forward and backward direction electromagnetic reversing valves; the forward and backward electromagnetic directional valves are connected to the controller 100. The front-back direction reversing assembly is a specific form of a two-position four-way electromagnetic valve (or a part of a multi-position multi-way electromagnetic valve), when the steering angle a of a cab 200 is greater than or equal to 0 degrees and less than or equal to 90 degrees, an angle detector 300 transmits an angle signal to the controller 100, and the controller 100 correspondingly controls the valve element of the front-back direction electromagnetic reversing valve to move, so that a first forward oil path 411, a first backward oil path 412, a second forward oil path 421 and a second backward oil path 422 are communicated with one position of the front-back direction electromagnetic reversing valve, the first forward oil path 411 is communicated with the second forward oil path 421, and the first backward oil path 412 is communicated with the second backward oil path 422; when the steering angle of the cab 200 is more than 90 degrees and less than a and less than 270 degrees, the angle detector 300 transmits an angle signal to the controller 100, the controller 100 correspondingly controls the valve core of the forward and backward electromagnetic directional valve to move, so that the first forward oil path 411, the first backward oil path 412, the second forward oil path 421 and the second backward oil path 422 are communicated with the other position of the forward and backward electromagnetic directional valve, the first forward oil path 411 is communicated with the second backward oil path 422, the first backward oil path 412 is communicated with the second forward oil path 421, the control of the corresponding change of the direction of the oil paths and the cab 200 is realized, and the excavator operator can perform conventional operation according to the direction of the cab 200.

In addition to the above form, in this embodiment, the forward and backward direction reversing assembly may also include a forward and backward direction electromagnetic switch valve, a forward and backward direction two-position four-way reversing valve, and a forward and backward direction pilot pump, and the forward and backward direction pilot pump is communicated with a control end of the forward and backward direction two-position four-way reversing valve through the forward and backward direction electromagnetic switch valve; in both the forward oil path and the backward oil path of the transmission 410, the forward oil path of the traveling solenoid valve 420 is communicated with one of the forward oil path and the backward oil path through a forward and backward two-position four-way selector valve, and the backward oil path of the traveling solenoid valve 420 is communicated with the other one of the forward oil path and the backward oil path through a forward and backward two-position four-way selector valve; the forward and backward electromagnetic opening/closing valves are connected to the controller 100. In another specific form of the front-rear direction reversing assembly, when the steering angle a of the cab 200 is greater than or equal to 0 degrees and less than or equal to 90 degrees, the angle detector 300 transmits an angle signal to the controller 100, the controller 100 correspondingly controls the front-rear direction electromagnetic switch valve to be closed, the first forward oil path 411, the first rear oil path 412, the second forward oil path 421 and the second rear oil path 422 are communicated with one position of the front-rear direction two-position four-way reversing valve, the first forward oil path 411 is communicated with the second forward oil path 421, and the first rear oil path 412 is communicated with the second rear oil path 422; when the steering angle of the cab 200 is greater than 90 degrees and less than a and less than 270 degrees, the angle detector 300 transmits an angle signal to the controller 100, the controller 100 correspondingly controls the forward and backward electromagnetic switch valves to be opened, low-pressure oil of the forward and backward pilot pump pushes a valve element of the forward and backward two-position four-way reversing valve to move, so that the first forward oil path 411, the first backward oil path 412, the second forward oil path 421 and the second backward oil path 422 are communicated with the other position of the forward and backward two-position four-way reversing valve, the first forward oil path 411 is communicated with the second backward oil path 422, the first backward oil path 412 is communicated with the second forward oil path 421, accordingly, the control of the corresponding change of the directions of the oil paths and the cab 200 is realized, and an excavator operator can perform conventional operation according to the directions of the cab 200.

In this embodiment, the direction control system may further include a steering control system, the steering control system includes a steering gear 510, a steering reversing assembly, and a steering cylinder 520, in both a left-turn oil path and a right-turn oil path of the steering cylinder 520, the left-turn oil path of the steering gear 510 is communicated with one of the left-turn oil path and the right-turn oil path, the right-turn oil path of the steering gear 510 is communicated with the other of the left-turn oil path and the right-turn oil path, and the steering reversing assembly is configured to change a communication oil path between the; the steering assembly is coupled to the controller 100. Initially, a left-turning oil path of the steering gear 510 is set as a first left-turning oil path 511, a right-turning oil path is set as a first right-turning oil path 512, a left-turning oil path of the steering oil cylinder 520 is set as a second left-turning oil path 521, and a right-turning oil path is set as a second right-turning oil path 522; the first left-turning oil passage 511 is communicated with the second left-turning oil passage 521, and the second right-turning oil passage 522 is communicated with the second right-turning oil passage 522; when the excavator operator drives the excavator, the excavator operator rotates the steering wheel to the left, the first left-turning oil way 511 of the steering gear 510 supplies oil to the second left-turning oil way 521, meanwhile, the second right-turning oil way 522 returns oil to the first right-turning oil way 512, and the steering wheel is driven by the steering oil cylinder 520 to turn to the left; when the excavator operator turns the steering wheel to the right, the first right-turn oil path 512 of the steering gear 510 supplies oil to the second right-turn oil path 522, and simultaneously the second left-turn oil path 521 returns oil to the first left-turn oil path 511, and the steering wheel is steered to the right by the driving of the steering cylinder 520.

When the steering angle a of the cab 200 is more than or equal to 0 degrees and less than or equal to 90 degrees, the cab 200 faces the front wheels 810, the angle detector 300 transmits an angle signal to the controller 100, the angle detector 300 transmits a detected corresponding steering angle signal to the controller 100, the controller 100 receives the signal and judges that the cab 200 is arranged forwards, the steering reversing component is correspondingly controlled to still maintain the oil circuit communication state, when the excavator manipulator rotates the steering wheel leftwards, the steering wheels turn leftwards, and when the excavator manipulator rotates the steering wheel rightwards, the steering wheels turn rightwards, so that the conventional operation habit is met; when the steering angle of the cab 200 to the left or the right is more than 90 degrees and less than a and less than 270 degrees, the cab 200 faces the rear wheels 840, the angle detector 300 transmits a detected corresponding steering angle signal to the controller 100, the controller 100 receives the signal and judges that the cab 200 is arranged backwards, the steering reversing assembly is correspondingly controlled to reverse the communication oil passages of the steering device 510 and the steering oil cylinder 520, after the steering, the first left steering oil passage 511 is communicated with the second right steering oil passage 522, and the second right steering oil passage 522 is communicated with the second left steering oil passage 521; when an excavator operator turns a steering wheel to the left, the first left-turning oil path 511 of the steering gear 510 supplies oil to the second right-turning oil path 522, meanwhile, the second left-turning oil path 521 returns oil to the first right-turning oil path 512, the steering oil cylinder 520 drives the steering wheel to turn to the right, and the whole excavator turns to the left no matter the cab 200 moves forwards or backwards by taking the orientation of the cab 200 as a reference; similarly, when the excavator operator turns the steering wheel to the right, the first right-turn oil passage 512 of the steering gear 510 supplies oil to the second left-turn oil passage 521, the second right-turn oil passage 522 returns oil to the first left-turn oil passage 511, and the steering cylinder 520 drives the steering wheel to turn left, so that the excavator as a whole turns right regardless of whether the cab 200 moves forward or backward, based on the orientation of the cab 200. That is, no matter the cab 200 is forward or backward, the excavator operator can perform conventional habitual operation on the left turn or the right turn of the steering wheel by taking the orientation of the cab 200 as a reference, so that the operation convenience of the excavator is further improved, the operation error probability of the excavator operator is reduced, and the normal operation of the excavator is correspondingly ensured.

In the excavator, the traveling direction control system and the steering control system may be provided such that the excavator operator performs the forward and backward traveling operation and the left and right steering operation only with reference to the orientation of the cab 200.

Optionally, in this embodiment, the steering reversing assembly may include a steering electromagnetic reversing valve, and in both the left-turn oil path and the right-turn oil path of the steering cylinder 520, the left-turn oil path of the steering device 510 is communicated with one of the steering electromagnetic reversing valve and the right-turn oil path of the steering device 510 is communicated with the other steering electromagnetic reversing valve; the steering solenoid directional valve is connected to the controller 100. The steering reversing assembly is a specific form of a two-position four-way electromagnetic valve (or can be a part of a multi-position multi-way electromagnetic valve), when the steering angle a of the cab 200 is greater than or equal to 0 degrees and less than or equal to 90 degrees, the angle detector 300 transmits an angle signal to the controller 100, the controller 100 correspondingly controls the valve core of the steering electromagnetic reversing valve to move, so that the first left-turning oil way 511, the first right-turning oil way 512, the second left-turning oil way 521 and the second right-turning oil way 522 are communicated with one position of the steering electromagnetic reversing valve, the first left-turning oil way 511 is communicated with the second left-turning oil way 521, and the first right-turning oil way 512 is communicated with the second right-turning oil way 522; when the steering angle of the cab 200 is more than 90 degrees and less than a and less than 270 degrees, the angle detector 300 transmits an angle signal to the controller 100, the controller 100 correspondingly controls the valve core of the steering electromagnetic directional valve to move, so that the first left-turning oil path 511, the first right-turning oil path 512, the second left-turning oil path 521 and the second right-turning oil path 522 are communicated with the other position of the steering electromagnetic directional valve, the first left-turning oil path 511 is communicated with the second right-turning oil path 522, the first right-turning oil path 512 is communicated with the second left-turning oil path 521, accordingly, the control of the corresponding change of the orientation of the oil paths and the cab 200 is realized, and an excavator operator can perform conventional steering operation according to the orientation of the cab 200.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, when the forward and backward direction changing assembly and the direction changing assembly both adopt the form of electromagnetic valves, the forward and backward direction changing assembly and the direction changing assembly may be integrated into a four-position eight-way electromagnetic direction changing valve 600, and the four-position eight-way electromagnetic direction changing valve 600 is connected to the controller 100. When the steering angle a of the cab 200 is greater than or equal to 0 degrees and less than or equal to 90 degrees, the controller 100 receives a signal transmitted by the angle detector 300 and controls the valve core of the four-position eight-way electromagnetic directional valve 600 to move, so that the traveling electromagnetic valve 420 and the gearbox 410 are communicated with one position of the four-position eight-way electromagnetic directional valve 600, the steering gear 510 and the steering oil cylinder 520 are communicated with the other position of the four-position eight-way electromagnetic directional valve 600, the first forward oil path 411 is communicated with the second forward oil path 421, the first backward oil path 412 is communicated with the second backward oil path 422, the first left-turn oil path 511 is communicated with the second left-turn oil path 521, and the first right-turn oil path 512 is communicated with the second right-turn oil path 522; when the steering angle of the cab 200 is greater than 90 degrees and less than a and less than 270 degrees, the controller 100 receives a signal transmitted by the angle detector 300, and controls the valve element of the four-position eight-way electromagnetic directional valve 600 to move, so that the traveling electromagnetic valve 420 and the gearbox 410 are communicated with the third position of the four-position eight-way electromagnetic directional valve 600, the steering gear 510 and the steering oil cylinder 520 are communicated with the fourth position of the four-position eight-way electromagnetic directional valve 600, the first forward oil path 411 is communicated with the second backward oil path 422, the first backward oil path 412 is communicated with the second forward oil path 421, the first left-turn oil path 511 is communicated with the second right-turn oil path 522, and the first right-turn oil path 512 is communicated with the second left-turn oil path 521.

That is, the controller 100 can synchronously control the oil path reversing of the front and rear reversing assemblies and the steering reversing assembly according to the steering angle of the cab 200, and the two assemblies are integrated into one electromagnetic valve, so that the convenience and the accuracy of reversing control are further improved.

In addition to the above form, in this embodiment, the steering reversing assembly may also include a steering electromagnetic switch valve, a steering two-position four-way reversing valve, and a steering pilot pump, and the steering pilot pump is communicated with a control end of the steering two-position four-way reversing valve through the steering electromagnetic switch valve; in both the left-turn oil path and the right-turn oil path of the steering cylinder 520, the left-turn oil path of the steering gear 510 is communicated with one of the left-turn oil path and the right-turn oil path through the steering two-position four-way reversing valve, and the right-turn oil path of the steering gear 510 is communicated with the other one of the left-turn oil path and the right-turn oil path through the steering two-position four-way; the steering solenoid switch valve is connected to the controller 100. In another specific form of the steering and reversing assembly, when the steering angle a of the cab 200 is greater than or equal to 0 degrees and less than or equal to 90 degrees, the angle detector 300 transmits an angle signal to the controller 100, the controller 100 correspondingly controls the steering electromagnetic switch valve to be closed, the first left-turn oil path 511, the first right-turn oil path 512, the second left-turn oil path 521 and the second right-turn oil path 522 are communicated with one position of the steering two-position four-way reversing valve, the first left-turn oil path 511 is communicated with the second left-turn oil path 521, and the first right-turn oil path 512 is communicated with the second right-turn oil path 522; when the steering angle of the cab 200 is more than 90 degrees and less than a and less than 270 degrees, the angle detector 300 transmits an angle signal to the controller 100, the controller 100 correspondingly controls the steering electromagnetic switch valve to be opened, the low-pressure oil of the steering pilot pump pushes the valve core of the steering two-position four-way reversing valve to move, so that the first left-turning oil path 511, the first right-turning oil path 512, the second left-turning oil path 521 and the second right-turning oil path 522 are communicated with the other position of the steering two-position four-way reversing valve, the first left-turning oil path 511 is communicated with the second right-turning oil path 522, the first right-turning oil path 512 is communicated with the second left-turning oil path 521, accordingly, the control of the corresponding change of the directions of the oil paths and the cab 200 is realized, and the excavator operator can perform the conventional operation of rotating in the left and.

It should be noted that, in the present application, the connection relationship between the controller 100 and the angle detector 300, the forward and backward reversing component, and the steering reversing component belongs to the improvement of the present application, and the signal transmission and the program setting between the controller 100 and the angle detector 300, the forward and backward reversing component, and the steering reversing component belong to the prior art, and do not belong to the improvement of the present application.

Alternatively, in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the excavator may further include a blade 700, and the blade 700 is provided at the rear of the frame 850 of the excavator. The excavator operator can operate the excavator to drive the blade 700 to push and level soil piles and the like on the ground, so that the applicability of the excavator is improved.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An excavator direction control system is characterized by comprising a controller (100), an angle detector (300) for detecting the steering angle of a cab (200) of an excavator, wherein the angle detector (300) is connected with the controller (100);

the direction control system further comprises a walking direction control system, the walking direction control system comprises a gearbox (410), a front-back direction reversing assembly and a walking electromagnetic valve (420), in an advancing oil way and a retreating oil way of the gearbox (410), the advancing oil way of the walking electromagnetic valve (420) is communicated with one of the advancing oil way and the retreating oil way of the walking electromagnetic valve (420), and the front-back direction reversing assembly is used for changing a communicated oil way of the walking electromagnetic valve (420) and the gearbox (410); the forward and backward reversing assembly is connected with the controller (100).

2. The excavator direction control system of claim 1, wherein the forward and backward direction change assembly includes a forward and backward direction electromagnetic direction change valve, and of both a forward oil path and a backward oil path of the transmission case (410), the forward oil path of the travel solenoid valve (420) communicates with one of the forward and backward direction electromagnetic direction change valves through the forward and backward direction electromagnetic direction change valve, and the backward oil path of the travel solenoid valve (420) communicates with the other through the forward and backward direction electromagnetic direction change valve; the front and back electromagnetic directional valves are connected with the controller (100).

3. The excavator direction control system of claim 1 wherein the forward and backward direction reversing assembly includes a forward and backward direction solenoid switch valve, a forward and backward direction two-position four-way reversing valve and a forward and backward direction pilot pump, the forward and backward direction pilot pump is communicated with a control end of the forward and backward direction two-position four-way reversing valve through the forward and backward direction solenoid switch valve; in both the forward oil path and the backward oil path of the gearbox (410), the forward oil path of the walking electromagnetic valve (420) is communicated with one of the forward oil path and the backward oil path through the forward and backward two-position four-way reversing valve, and the backward oil path of the walking electromagnetic valve (420) is communicated with the other one of the forward oil path and the backward oil path through the forward and backward two-position four-way reversing valve; the forward and backward electromagnetic switch valve is connected with the controller (100).

4. The excavator direction control system of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the direction control system further comprises a steering control system comprising a steering gear (510), a steering reversing assembly and a steering cylinder (520), the steering cylinder (520) having both a left-turn oil path and a right-turn oil path, the left-turn oil path of the steering gear (510) being in communication with one of the steering gear and the right-turn oil path of the steering gear (510) being in communication with the other, the steering reversing assembly being for varying the communication oil path of the steering gear (510) and the steering cylinder (520); the steering and reversing assembly is connected with the controller (100).

5. The excavator direction control system of claim 4, wherein the steering reversing assembly comprises a steering solenoid directional valve, the steering cylinder (520) having both a left-turn oil path and a right-turn oil path, the left-turn oil path of the steering gear (510) being in communication with one of the steering solenoid directional valves through which the left-turn oil path of the steering gear (510) is in communication with the other of the steering solenoid directional valves through which the right-turn oil path of the steering gear (510) is in communication; the steering electromagnetic directional valve is connected with the controller (100).

6. The excavator direction control system of claim 5, wherein the forward and backward reversing assembly and the steering reversing assembly are integrated into one four-position eight-energized magnetic reversing valve (600), and the four-position eight-energized magnetic reversing valve (600) is connected with the controller (100).

7. The excavator direction control system of claim 5, wherein the steering reversing assembly comprises a steering solenoid switch valve, a steering two-position four-way reversing valve and a steering pilot pump, and the steering pilot pump is communicated with a control end of the steering two-position four-way reversing valve through the steering solenoid switch valve; in both the left-turn oil path and the right-turn oil path of the steering oil cylinder (520), the left-turn oil path of the steering gear (510) is communicated with one of the left-turn oil path and the right-turn oil path through the steering two-position four-way reversing valve, and the right-turn oil path of the steering gear (510) is communicated with the other one of the left-turn oil path and the right-turn oil path through the steering two-position four-way reversing valve; the steering electromagnetic switch valve is connected with the controller (100).

8. An excavator, comprising the excavator directional control system of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the angle detector (300) of the excavator directional control system is provided in a cab (200) of the excavator.

9. The excavator of claim 8 further comprising a blade (700), the blade (700) being positioned rearward of the frame (850) of the excavator.

10. The excavating machine according to claim 8, further comprising a display, said display being connected to the controller (100).