CN211450944U - Biomass incineration power generation system - Google Patents
Biomass incineration power generation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN211450944U CN211450944U CN201920406814.3U CN201920406814U CN211450944U CN 211450944 U CN211450944 U CN 211450944U CN 201920406814 U CN201920406814 U CN 201920406814U CN 211450944 U CN211450944 U CN 211450944U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
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Abstract
The utility model provides a biomass incineration power generation system. The biomass waste incinerator comprises an incinerator, wherein the incinerator is used for incinerating biomass waste to generate high-temperature flue gas, the incinerator comprises a water-cooling reciprocating grate, the water-cooling reciprocating grate is cooled by cooling water, and the cooling water is used for cooling the water-cooling reciprocating grate and then converting the cooled water into hot water; the power generation device generates power by using the heat of the high-temperature flue gas, the power generation device comprises a steam turbine and a condenser, the steam turbine applies work by using the heat of the high-temperature flue gas to generate high-temperature steam, and the condenser converts the high-temperature steam into condensed water; and a heat exchanging device for exchanging heat between the hot water and the condensed water to generate the cooling water and inputting the cooling water into the incinerator. According to the utility model discloses a biomass incineration power generation system, make full use of cooling water waste heat has improved the generating efficiency of living beings direct combustion power plant.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a refuse treatment field particularly relates to a biomass incineration power generation system.
Background
The biomass fuel has the characteristics of low water content, less ash content, high heat value and the like, the temperature of flame and flue gas generated by combustion is higher, the ash layer on the grate plate is thinner, and the grate plate is easy to burn out, so that a water-cooled grate is adopted more frequently. At present, the domestic biomass water-cooling fire grates have two types, namely a water-cooling vibration fire grate and a water-cooling reciprocating fire grate. The water-cooled vibrating grate adopts a water-cooled wall for cooling and realizes the disturbance of fuel and the smooth discharge of slag through vibration. However, the water-cooled vibrating grate promotes fuel combustion by vibration, has low burnout rate, large fluctuation of combustion oxygen content and easy overproof CO, and brings great difficulty to operation. The water-cooling reciprocating grate controls the fuel combustion speed by adjusting the sliding speed of the sliding grate segment, improves the fuel burnout rate, and simultaneously adopts water to cool the lower parts of the sliding grate segment and the fixed grate segment, so that the surface temperature of the grate segment can be reduced, the service life of the grate segment is prolonged, but the cooling water of the grate segment can take away part of heat, the energy waste is caused, and the power generation efficiency of a biomass direct-fired power plant is reduced.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new biomass incineration power generation system to solve the problems in the prior art.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In the summary section a series of concepts in a simplified form is introduced, which will be described in further detail in the detailed description section. The inventive content does not imply any attempt to define the essential features and essential features of the claimed solution, nor is it implied to be intended to define the scope of the claimed solution.
The utility model provides a biomass burning power generation system, include:
the incinerator comprises a water-cooling reciprocating grate, wherein the water-cooling reciprocating grate is cooled by cooling water, and the cooling water cools the water-cooling reciprocating grate and then converts the cooled water into hot water;
the power generation device generates power by using the heat of the high-temperature flue gas, the power generation device comprises a steam turbine and a condenser, the steam turbine applies work by using the heat of the high-temperature flue gas to generate high-temperature steam, and the condenser converts the high-temperature steam into condensed water; and
a heat exchanging device that exchanges heat between the hot water and the condensed water to generate the cooling water, and inputs the cooling water to the incinerator.
Illustratively, the power generation device comprises a waste heat boiler, the waste heat boiler generates superheated steam by utilizing the heat of the high-temperature flue gas, and the steam turbine utilizes the superheated steam to do work to generate power.
Illustratively, the heat exchanging device comprises a heat exchanger, the hot water exchanges heat with the condensed water in the heat exchanger, the hot water is converted into the cooling water, and the condensed water is converted into heating water.
Illustratively, the heat exchanger is a plate heat exchanger.
Illustratively, the heat exchanging device further comprises an air preheater for heating the primary air input to the incinerator by using heat of the heating water.
Exemplarily, the heat exchange device further comprises a low-pressure heater, a deaerator and a high-pressure heater which are arranged between the air preheater and the air preheater.
Illustratively, a flue at the tail part of the waste heat boiler is provided with a smoke cooler.
Illustratively, the flue gas cooler cools the high temperature flue gas using the heated water that is used via the air preheater.
For example, the heated water utilized by the flue gas cooler and the heated water output by the high-pressure heater jointly enter an economizer in the waste heat boiler.
According to the biomass incineration power generation system, the water-cooling reciprocating grate is adopted, and the fuel combustion speed is controlled by adjusting the sliding speed of the sliding grate segment, so that the fuel burnout rate is improved; and the waste heat of the cooling water is fully utilized to replace a primary low-pressure heater, and the heat exchanger is utilized to heat the condensed water, so that the steam extraction quantity of the steam turbine is reduced, and the power generation efficiency of the biomass direct-fired power plant is improved.
Drawings
The following drawings of the present invention are used herein as part of the present invention for understanding the present invention. There are shown in the drawings, embodiments and descriptions of the invention, which are used to explain the principles of the invention.
In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a block diagram of a biomass burning power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art, that the present invention may be practiced without one or more of these specific details. In other instances, well-known features have not been described in order to avoid obscuring the present invention.
In order to thoroughly understand the present invention, a detailed description will be provided in the following description to illustrate the biomass-fired power generation system of the present invention. It is apparent that the practice of the invention is not limited to the specific details familiar to those skilled in the art of waste treatment. The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, however, other embodiments of the present invention are possible in addition to these detailed descriptions.
It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments in accordance with the invention. As used herein, the singular is intended to include the plural unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
Exemplary embodiments according to the present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These exemplary embodiments may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to only the embodiments set forth herein. It is to be understood that these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of these exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art. In the drawings, the thicknesses of layers and regions are exaggerated for clarity, and the same elements are denoted by the same reference numerals, and thus the description thereof will be omitted.
The biomass fuel has the characteristics of low water content, less ash content, high heat value and the like, the temperature of flame and flue gas generated by combustion is higher, the ash layer on the grate plate is thinner, and the grate plate is easy to burn out, so that a water-cooled grate is adopted more frequently. At present, the domestic biomass water-cooling fire grates have two types, namely a water-cooling vibration fire grate and a water-cooling reciprocating fire grate. The water-cooled vibrating grate adopts a water-cooled wall for cooling and realizes the disturbance of fuel and the smooth discharge of slag through vibration. However, the water-cooled vibrating grate promotes fuel combustion by vibration, has low burnout rate, large fluctuation of combustion oxygen content and easy overproof CO, and brings great difficulty to operation. The water-cooling reciprocating grate controls the fuel combustion speed by adjusting the sliding speed of the sliding grate segment, improves the fuel burnout rate, and simultaneously adopts water to cool the lower parts of the sliding grate segment and the fixed grate segment, so that the surface temperature of the grate segment can be reduced, the service life of the grate segment is prolonged, but the cooling water of the grate segment can take away part of heat, the energy waste is caused, and the power generation efficiency of a biomass direct-fired power plant is reduced.
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the utility model provides a biomass burning power generation system, include:
the incinerator comprises a water-cooling reciprocating grate, wherein the water-cooling reciprocating grate is cooled by cooling water, and the cooling water cools the water-cooling reciprocating grate and then converts the cooled water into hot water;
the power generation device generates power by using the heat of the high-temperature flue gas, the power generation device comprises a steam turbine and a condenser, the steam turbine applies work by using the heat of the high-temperature flue gas to generate high-temperature steam, and the condenser converts the high-temperature steam into condensed water; and
a heat exchanging device that exchanges heat between the hot water and the condensed water to generate the cooling water, and inputs the cooling water to the incinerator.
The biomass burning power generation system of the present invention is schematically described below with reference to fig. 1, wherein fig. 1 is a block diagram of a biomass burning power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Referring first to fig. 1, a biomass-fired power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an incinerator 1, a power generation device 2, and a heat exchange device 3.
Burn burning furnace 1 and be used for burning the biomass tensioning and produce the high temperature flue gas, according to the utility model discloses, burn burning furnace 1 and include the reciprocating grate of water-cooling, the reciprocating grate of water-cooling is through the sliding speed who adjusts the slide grate segment, and control fuel combustion speed improves fuel burn-out rate, and slide grate segment and fixed grate segment lower part adopt water to cool off simultaneously, can reduce grate segment surface temperature, extension grate segment life. The water-cooled reciprocating grate adopts cooling water to cool the grate, and the cooling water cools the water-cooled reciprocating grate and then is converted into hot water.
The power generation device 2 generates power by using the heat of the high-temperature flue gas generated after the biomass waste is incinerated in the incinerator 1. According to the utility model discloses a biomass burning power generation system, power generation facility 2 includes steam turbine 201 and condenser 202. The steam turbine 201, which often exists in the form of a steam turbine set, uses the heat of the high-temperature flue gas to do work to generate high-temperature steam, and the condenser 202 converts the high-temperature steam into condensed water.
The heat exchange device 3 exchanges heat between hot water formed after cooling the grate by the cooling water and condensed water generated by the condenser 202 to form the cooling water. The cooling water is input into the incinerator 1 again to cool the water-cooling reciprocating grate.
According to the biomass incineration power generation system, the water-cooling reciprocating grate is adopted, and the fuel combustion speed is controlled by adjusting the sliding speed of the sliding grate segment, so that the fuel burnout rate is improved; and the waste heat of the cooling water is fully utilized to replace a primary low-pressure heater, and the heat exchanger is utilized to heat the condensed water, so that the steam extraction quantity of the steam turbine is reduced, and the power generation efficiency of the biomass direct-fired power plant is improved.
Illustratively, with continued reference to fig. 1, the power generation device 2 includes a waste heat boiler 203, the waste heat boiler 203 generates superheated steam with the heat of the high-temperature flue gas, and the steam turbine 201 uses the superheated steam to do work to generate power.
Illustratively, with continued reference to FIG. 1, the heat exchange device 3 comprises a heat exchanger 301. The heat exchanger 301 exchanges heat between hot water formed after cooling the water cooling grate in the incinerator 1 and condensed water discharged by the condenser 202 to form cooling water and heating condensed water, and the cooling water is conveyed to the incinerator 1 again to cool the water cooling reciprocating grate, so that the cooling water is recycled, the utilization rate of the cooling water is improved, and water source waste is avoided.
Illustratively, the heat exchanger is a plate heat exchanger, which is a liquid-liquid heat exchanger formed by stacking metal sheets having a certain corrugated shape. The plate type heat exchanger is used for replacing a first-stage low-pressure heater and heating condensed water, so that the steam extraction amount of a steam turbine is reduced, and the power generation efficiency of the biomass direct-fired power plant is improved.
As shown in fig. 1, the heat exchanging device 3 further includes an air preheater 302 connected to the incinerator, the air preheater 302 heats air by using heat of the heat exchanger 301 after exchanging heat with cooling water, and the heated air forms primary air to support combustion of the biomass waste in the incinerator. The process further utilizes the waste heat generated after the cooling water cools the grate, improves the efficiency of the incinerator for incinerating the garbage, and improves the burnout rate of the fuel.
Further, for example, as shown in fig. 1, a flue cooler 204 is further disposed at the tail of the waste heat boiler 203. The flue gas cooler 204 cools the high-temperature flue gas discharged from the incinerator 1 to lower the temperature thereof to a temperature suitable for desulfurization, denitration, and the like.
Illustratively, the flue gas cooler 204 is coupled to an air preheater 302. The flue gas cooler 204 cools the high temperature flue gas using the heated water from the air preheater 302. The flue gas cooler 204 is used for further cooling the high-temperature flue gas by using the heated water after the air preheater 302 is used, so that the waste heat recovery efficiency of the cooling water is further improved.
Illustratively, with continued reference to FIG. 1, low pressure heaters 304, 305, a deaerator 306 and a high pressure heater 308 are also provided between the heat exchanger and the air preheater. A water feeding pump 307 is arranged between the deaerator 306 and the high-pressure heater 308, and the low-pressure heater is a device for heating condensed water by using steam extracted by a steam turbine and is positioned in front of the water feeding pump; the deaerator exchanges heat with the extracted steam of the steam turbine to deaerate the condensed water thermally; the high-pressure heater heats the condensed water by using the extracted steam of the steam turbine and is positioned behind the water feeding pump.
For example, with continued reference to FIG. 1, the heated water used by the flue gas cooler 204 and the heated water output by the high pressure heater 308 are combined into an economizer within the waste heat boiler 203. The economizer is a device which is arranged at the lower part of a flue at the tail part of a boiler and used for recovering waste heat of exhausted smoke, heats boiler feed water into a heating surface of saturated water under the pressure of a steam drum, absorbs the heat of high-temperature smoke, reduces the smoke exhaust temperature of the smoke, saves energy and improves the efficiency.
Referring now to fig. 1, a biomass-fired power generation system according to the present invention is illustrated. The biomass garbage supply device inputs biomass garbage into the incinerator 1, and the incinerator 1 adopts a water-cooling reciprocating grate to incinerate the biomass garbage, wherein the water-cooling reciprocating grate is cooled by cooling water. The incinerator 1 burns biomass garbage to generate high-temperature flue gas, the high-temperature flue gas enters the waste heat boiler 203, the waste heat boiler 203 utilizes heat of the high-temperature flue gas to form superheated steam, the superheated steam is input into the steam turbine 201 to generate electricity, exhaust steam of the steam turbine 201 enters the condenser 202 to form condensed water, and the condensed water is input into the heat exchanger 301 through the condensed water feed pump 303. Meanwhile, the cooling water is cooled to form hot water which is input into the heat exchanger 301, the hot water and the condensed water exchange heat in the heat exchanger 301, the hot water is converted into cooling water which is continuously input into the incinerator 1 to cool the water-cooling reciprocating grate, and the condensed water forms heating water after heat exchange. The heating water is heated by the low- pressure heaters 304 and 305, after being deoxidized by the deoxidizer 306, the heating water is pumped to the high-pressure heater 308 by the water-feeding pump 307, the heating water is further heated by the high-pressure heater 308 and is input into the air preheater, the air preheater 302 heats the air input by the air input port 3021 by the heating water heated by the high-pressure heater 308, and the air is introduced into the incinerator 1 in the form of primary air to assist the incineration of the incinerator. Meanwhile, the heated water after heating the air is input into the flue gas cooler 204 to cool the high-temperature flue gas. Finally, the heated water heated by the high-pressure heater 308 is mixed with the heated water cooled by the high-temperature flue gas input into the flue gas cooler 204 and then input into an economizer of the waste heat boiler.
In conclusion, according to the biomass incineration power generation system of the utility model, the water-cooling reciprocating grate is adopted, the fuel combustion speed is controlled by adjusting the sliding speed of the sliding grate segment, and the fuel burnout rate is improved; and the waste heat of the cooling water is fully utilized to replace a primary low-pressure heater, and the heat exchanger is utilized to heat the condensed water, so that the steam extraction quantity of the steam turbine is reduced, and the power generation efficiency of the biomass direct-fired power plant is improved.
The present invention has been described in terms of the above embodiments, but it is to be understood that the above embodiments are for purposes of illustration and description only and are not intended to limit the invention to the described embodiments. Furthermore, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that many more modifications and variations are possible in light of the teaching of the present invention and are within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (9)
1. A biomass-fired power generation system, comprising:
the incinerator comprises a water-cooling reciprocating grate, wherein the water-cooling reciprocating grate is cooled by cooling water, and the cooling water cools the water-cooling reciprocating grate and then converts the cooled water into hot water;
the power generation device generates power by using the heat of the high-temperature flue gas, the power generation device comprises a steam turbine and a condenser, the steam turbine applies work by using the heat of the high-temperature flue gas to generate high-temperature steam, and the condenser converts the high-temperature steam into condensed water; and
a heat exchanging device that exchanges heat between the hot water and the condensed water to generate the cooling water, and inputs the cooling water to the incinerator.
2. The biomass-fired power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the power generation device includes a waste heat boiler that generates superheated steam using heat of the high-temperature flue gas, and the steam turbine generates power by using the superheated steam to do work.
3. The biomass-fired power generation system according to claim 2, wherein the heat exchanging device includes a heat exchanger in which the hot water exchanges heat with the condensed water, the hot water is converted into the cooling water, and the condensed water is converted into heating water.
4. The biomass-fired power generation system of claim 3, wherein the heat exchanger is a plate heat exchanger.
5. The biomass-fired power generation system according to claim 3, wherein the heat exchange means further comprises an air preheater for heating the primary air input to the incinerator using heat of the heating water.
6. The biomass-fired power generation system of claim 5, wherein the heat exchange device further comprises a low-pressure heater, a deaerator, a high-pressure heater disposed between the air preheater and the heat exchanger.
7. The biomass-fired power generation system according to claim 6, wherein a flue at the tail of the waste heat boiler is provided with a flue cooler.
8. The biomass-fired power generation system according to claim 7, wherein the flue gas cooler cools the high temperature flue gas using the heated water that is used via the air preheater.
9. The biomass-fired power generation system according to claim 7, wherein the heated water used by the flue gas cooler and the heated water output by the high-pressure heater are fed together into an economizer in the waste heat boiler.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201920406814.3U CN211450944U (en) | 2019-03-27 | 2019-03-27 | Biomass incineration power generation system |
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| CN201920406814.3U CN211450944U (en) | 2019-03-27 | 2019-03-27 | Biomass incineration power generation system |
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| CN211450944U true CN211450944U (en) | 2020-09-08 |
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