CN211433257U

CN211433257U - Three-dimensional adjustable locking nail guider for long bone intramedullary nail

Info

Publication number: CN211433257U
Application number: CN201921845425.7U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 常炳营; 郝晓艳
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2019-10-30
Filing date: 2019-10-30
Publication date: 2020-09-08
Anticipated expiration: 2029-10-30

Abstract

The utility model discloses a three-dimensional adjustable locking nail guider of a long intramedullary nail, which decomposes the three-dimensional deformation of the far end of the long intramedullary nail into two deformation in mutually perpendicular planes and solves step by step, the deformation of the intramedullary nail is the displacement of a locking nail hole at the far end, the displacement of the locking nail hole in one plane realizes the accurate aiming of the guide hole and the locking nail hole again through the hinged rotation of a fixed guide arm and an adjusting guide arm, and the accurate aiming in the plane is realized through adjusting the distance and the direction between the guide hole and the corresponding locking nail hole in the other plane; when the two planes are in good correspondence, all the guide holes can be accurately aimed; the utility model provides a pair of three-dimensional adjustable lock pin director of long bone intramedullary nail can accomplish accurate lock pin, solves intramedullary nail lock pin difficulty problem to can shorten operation time, reduce X-ray to patient and doctor's radiation, reduce and bleed, reduce the infection proportion, be favorable to patient recovered.

Description

Three-dimensional adjustable locking nail guider for long bone intramedullary nail

Technical Field

The utility model particularly relates to a three-dimensional adjustable locking nail guider of a long bone intramedullary nail, which belongs to the technical field of orthopedic trauma medical instruments.

Background

The intramedullary nail belongs to an orthopedic internal fixation instrument in medical instruments, has a structure of an intramedullary nail rod, a near-end locking screw hole is arranged at the near end of the intramedullary nail rod, and a far-end locking screw hole is arranged at the far end of the intramedullary nail rod, is the preferred internal fixation of long bone diaphysis fracture, and has unique advantages compared with a steel plate. When the intramedullary nail is used, in order to prevent two parts of a fracture from rotating, a plurality of screws are required to transversely penetrate through the backbone and the intramedullary nail for locking, a doctor can combine a drilling guide device with the intramedullary nail before the intramedullary nail is inserted into a medullary cavity, theoretically, a guide hole of the guide device is over against a locking screw hole of the intramedullary nail, and thus a drill bit can drill into the locking screw hole by passing through the guide hole.

Taking a femoral intramedullary nail as an example, at present, the technical scheme for solving the nail locking difficulty is that the magnetic navigation intramedullary nail is provided with a magnetic navigation device, when in operation, after the intramedullary nail is implanted into a human body, a magnetic substance is inserted into the intramedullary nail, the magnetism of a locking screw hole of the intramedullary nail is larger, when the guide hole is aligned to the locking screw hole in adjustment, the change of the magnetic force can be detected, sound can be produced or the image prompt is displayed through a display screen, at the moment, a guide device is fixed, and then a hole is drilled; another type is a core drilling system, which has a thin soft drill, which is drilled from the inside of the intramedullary nail by a locking screw hole under high-speed rotation, finally vertically penetrates through the bone and soft tissue, indicates the position of the locking screw, and then reversely drills and locks according to the indicated position. Laser guidance and the like are also reported, and are immature at present, and clinical application is not seen.

The above solutions all have certain limitations and have low market share for various reasons, at present, more than ninety percent of market shares are all using common interlocking intramedullary nails, although there are distal locking nail guides and compression bar devices, because the deformation of the intramedullary nail is not constant, sometimes errors still occur, often locking difficulties occur, resulting in greatly prolonged operation time, increased bleeding volume, obviously increased infection probability, and multiple fluoroscopy is needed, the recovery of patients is extremely unfavorable, the radiation of X-rays to doctors is increased, and every doctor is very painful when encountering the locking nail difficulty of the intramedullary nail. The utility model aims at designing a novel sight of a section, solve the difficult problem of staple among the prior art.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The to-be-solved technical problem of the utility model is to above not enough, provide an adjustable lock pin director of long bone intramedullary nail three-dimensional, possible accurate lock pin solves intramedullary nail lock pin difficulty problem to can shorten operation time, reduce X-ray to patient and doctor's radiation, reduce and bleed, reduce the infection proportion, be favorable to patient's recovery.

For solving the technical problem, the utility model discloses a following technical scheme:

a three-dimensional adjustable locking nail guider of a long intramedullary nail decomposes the three-dimensional deformation of the far end of the long intramedullary nail into two deformation in mutually perpendicular planes, the deformation of the intramedullary nail is the displacement of a locking nail hole at the far end, the displacement of the locking nail hole in one plane realizes the accurate aiming of the guide hole and the locking nail hole again through the hinged rotation of a fixed guide arm and an adjustable guide arm, and the accurate aiming in the plane is realized through adjusting the distance and the direction between the guide hole and the corresponding locking nail hole in the other plane; when the two planes are in good correspondence, all the guide holes can be accurately aimed.

Furthermore, the fixed guide arm is hinged with the adjusting guide arm through an adjusting arm knob, and the adjusting guide arm rotates by taking the adjusting arm knob as a center; the fixed guide arm main body is provided with one or a plurality of adjusting arm fixing holes, the adjusting guide arm near-end main body is provided with corresponding knob hinge holes, and the adjusting arm fixing holes and the knob hinge holes are matched with each other and used for corresponding bending points of the intramedullary nail; the side edge of the adjusting arm fixing hole or the knob hinge hole can be provided with a model mark.

Furthermore, the proximal end of the fixed guide arm is a handle, and the end part of the handle is fixedly connected with the intramedullary nail through a locking part; one side of the far end of the fixed guide arm is provided with a sliding groove, and the bottom of the sliding groove is provided with a sliding arm fixing hole.

Furthermore, a sliding guide arm for positioning and indicating is mounted at one side of the far end of the fixed guide arm, and the sliding guide arm can slide in a telescopic manner to adapt to intramedullary nails of different types and lengths; the far end of the sliding guide arm is in a crank arm shape, and a sliding arm origin mark line and a sliding arm scale mark line are arranged on one side of the end part of the crank arm.

Furthermore, the far-end staple hole comprises a first staple hole and a second staple hole, the second staple hole is positioned on one side of the first staple hole, and the direction of the second staple hole is not in the same plane as that of the first staple hole.

Furthermore, the adjusting guide arm comprises a front bow arm and a Z-shaped arm, the Z-shaped arm is of a Z-shaped structure, and a sliding rail is arranged on the Z-shaped arm; the slide rail is standard circular arc or non-circular arc, and the quantity of slide rail is one or several.

Furthermore, the adjusting guide arm is provided with a guide sliding block capable of sliding along the sliding rail, and the guide sliding block can slide on the sliding rail according to the measured distance after deformation between the guide hole and the corresponding lock pin hole, adjust and restore the original corresponding relation between the guide hole and the corresponding lock pin hole and lock and fix the guide sliding block at the corresponding position of the sliding rail.

Furthermore, the bottom of the guide sliding block is provided with a groove matched with the sliding rail, the main body of the guide sliding block is provided with a first guide hole, and the first guide hole corresponds to a first nail locking hole at the far end of the intramedullary nail; the guide slide block main body is also provided with a second guide hole, and the second guide hole corresponds to a second locking nail hole at the far end of the intramedullary nail.

Furthermore, the sighting device further comprises a scale inserting block, the scale inserting block is made of X-ray transmitting materials, a plurality of light-tight metal lines are embedded in the scale inserting block, each metal line comprises an inserting block origin marking line, an intramedullary nail edge projection line and an inserting block scale line, the inserting block origin marking line is used for corresponding to the sliding arm origin marking line and the sliding arm scale line, the intramedullary nail edge projection line is used for aligning the edge of the intramedullary nail, and the inserting block scale line is used for indicating the adjusting distance.

Furthermore, the sighting device also comprises an indicating rod, a metal strip is arranged at the center of the indicating rod, and one end of the metal strip is expanded; the indicating rod is made of X-ray transparent materials.

The utility model adopts the above technical scheme after, compare with prior art, have following advantage:

the utility model provides a sight decomposes the three-dimensional deformation of long bone intramedullary nail distal end into the deformation in two perpendicular planes of each other and solves step by step, the deformation of intramedullary nail is the displacement of distal end lock nail hole, the displacement of lock nail hole in a plane realizes accurate aim again of guiding hole and lock nail hole through the articulated rotation of fixed guiding arm and regulation guiding arm, realize accurate aim in this plane through adjusting the distance and the corresponding direction of guiding hole and corresponding lock nail hole in another plane; when the two planes are in good correspondence, all the guide holes can be accurately aimed, and finally accurate drilling and quick locking are realized, so that the problem that the distal end of the intramedullary nail is difficult to lock is solved, the operation time is shortened, and the operation efficiency is improved;

the utility model discloses can reduce the number of times of perspective more than eighty percent, can once the lock pin succeed basically, reduce patient's blood loss reduce cost, reduce exposure time and blood loss and can also reduce the infection rate, reduce patient's misery and medical dispute.

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a top view of the structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a front view of FIG. 1;

fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the fixed guide arm of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the adjusting guide arm of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the sliding guide arm and the scale insert of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the guide slider of the present invention;

fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an indicating rod of the present invention;

in the figure, 1-intramedullary nail, 101-first locking nail hole, 102-second locking nail hole; 2-a locking member; 3-fixing a guide arm, 301-a handle, 302-a sliding groove, 303-an adjusting arm fixing hole and 304-a sliding arm fixing hole; 4-adjusting a guide arm, 401-a front bow arm, 402-a knob hinge hole, 403-a Z-shaped arm and 404-a slide rail; 5-adjusting arm knob, 6-guiding slide block, 601-groove, 602-first guiding hole, 603-slot, 604-second guiding hole; 7-scale insert block, 701-original point marking line of the insert block, 702-edge projection line of intramedullary nail, 703-scale line of the insert block; 8-sliding guide arm, 801-strip-shaped hole, 802-crank arm, 803-sliding arm origin marking line and 804-sliding arm scale mark; 9-sliding arm knob; 10-indicator rod, 1001-metal strip; 11-screws.

Detailed Description

In order to clearly understand the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, the detailed embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, which take the femoral intramedullary nail as an example.

Embodiment 1A three-dimensional adjustable locking nail guider for a long intramedullary nail

As shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3 and fig. 4, the utility model provides a three-dimensional adjustable locking nail guider for long intramedullary nails, which comprises a fixed guide arm 3, wherein the fixed guide arm 3 is hinged with an adjustable guide arm 4 through an adjustable arm knob 5, and the adjustable guide arm 4 rotates by taking the adjustable arm knob 5 as a center to solve the aiming problem of the intramedullary nail 1 after front and back deformation in a sagittal plane; the fixed guide arm 3 is provided with an adjusting arm fixing hole 303, the adjusting guide arm 4 is provided with a knob hinge hole 402, the adjusting arm fixing hole 303 and the knob hinge hole 402 are matched with each other to correspond to a bending point of the intramedullary nail 1, so that the adjusted sighting device is matched with the intramedullary nail 1 in the shape after the deformation of the sagittal plane; the adjusting guide arm 4 is provided with a guide slider 6 which can slide along the slide rail 404, and the guide slider 6 is used for solving the aiming problem of the intramedullary nail 1 after left and right deformation in the coronal plane.

As shown in fig. 1, two first nail holes 101 parallel to the coronal plane are formed in the distal main body of the intramedullary nail 1, a second nail hole 102 forming a certain angle with the coronal plane is formed in the middle of the two first nail holes 101, and the second nail hole 102 is a through hole with an oblong opening.

As shown in fig. 3, the proximal end of the fixed guide arm 3 is a handle 301, and the end of the handle 301 is fixedly connected with the intramedullary nail 1 through a locking member 2; the proximal main body of the fixed guide arm 3 is in a front arch shape and is matched with the front arch shape of the intramedullary nail 1, one or a plurality of adjusting arm fixing holes 303 are arranged on the main body of the fixed guide arm 3, and marks corresponding to the length model of the intramedullary nail 1 can be arranged on the side edges of the adjusting arm fixing holes 303; a slide groove 302 is formed at one side of the distal end of the fixed guide arm 3, and a slide arm fixing hole 304 is formed at the bottom of the slide groove 302.

As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 5, a sliding guide arm 8 for positioning and indicating is installed at one side of the distal end of the fixed guide arm 3, a strip-shaped hole 801 is formed in the sliding guide arm 8, a sliding arm knob 9 is installed in the strip-shaped hole 801, the sliding arm knob 9 can be locked in the sliding arm fixing hole 304, the sliding guide arm 8 is fixed in the sliding groove 302 of the fixed guide arm 3 through the sliding arm knob 9, and the sliding guide arm 8 can slide telescopically to adapt to intramedullary nails 1 of different types and lengths; the far end of the sliding guide arm 8 is in the shape of a crank arm 802, a sliding arm origin mark line 803 and a sliding arm scale mark line 804 are arranged on one side of the end part of the crank arm 802, and the sliding arm scale mark line 804 is uniformly distributed on two sides of the sliding arm origin mark line 803.

As shown in fig. 4, the adjusting guide arm 4 includes a proximal front bow arm 401 and a distal Z-shaped arm 403, a knob hinge hole 402 is formed in a main body of the front bow arm 401, the knob hinge hole 402 corresponds to the adjusting arm fixing hole 303 of the fixing guide arm 3, and a side edge of the knob hinge hole 402 may be provided with a mark corresponding to the length model of the intramedullary nail 1; the Z-shaped arm 403 is of a Z-shaped structure, a slide rail 404 is arranged above one end of the Z-shaped arm 403, the slide rail 404 is a standard arc or a non-arc, and the number of the slide rails 404 is one or more.

As shown in fig. 6, the guiding sliding block 6 can slide on the sliding rail 404 according to the measured distance after deformation between the guiding hole and the corresponding locking nail hole to restore the original distance and the corresponding direction, and is locked and fixed at the corresponding position of the sliding rail 404 by the screw 11; the bottom of the guide sliding block 6 is provided with a groove 601 matched with the sliding rail 404, the left side and the right side of the main body of the guide sliding block 6 are respectively provided with a first guide hole 602, and the first guide holes 602 respectively correspond to the first nail locking holes 101 at the far end of the intramedullary nail 1; the top of the main body of the guide sliding block 6 is provided with a second guide hole 604, and the second guide hole 604 corresponds to the second locking hole 102 at the distal end of the intramedullary nail 1; a slot 603 is further formed in one side of the main body of the guide sliding block 6, and a scale insert 7 for measuring and calculating the deformation distance of the intramedullary nail 1 is installed in the slot 603.

As shown in fig. 5, the scale insert 7 is made of an X-ray transparent material, and is embedded with a plurality of opaque metal lines, the metal lines include an insert origin mark line 701, an intramedullary nail edge projection line 702 and an insert scale line 703, the insert origin mark line 701 is used to correspond to the sliding arm origin mark line 803 and the sliding arm scale line 804, the intramedullary nail edge projection line 702 is used to align with the edge of the intramedullary nail 1, and the insert scale line 703 is used to indicate an adjustment distance.

As shown in fig. 7, an indication rod 10 is further used in the mounting process of the sighting device, the indication rod 10 is in the shape of a round rod, a metal strip 1001 is arranged at the center of the indication rod 10, and one end of the metal strip 1001 is enlarged, so that the indication effect is more obvious; the indicator stem 10 is made of an X-ray transparent material.

The utility model discloses a concrete operation process:

taking femoral fracture as an example, the areas of the bending points with different fracture types are greatly different and correspond to different types of guides. Before operation, selecting a proper guider according to the estimated bending point position of the fracture type, determining the position of a knob hinge hole 402 of the adjusting guide arm 4 according to the length and the model of the intramedullary nail 1, and further determining the hinge rotation center of the adjusting guide arm 4; after the type of the intramedullary nail 1 is determined in the operation, the fixed guide arm 3, the adjusting guide arm 4, the sliding guide arm 8, the scale insertion block 7 and the sliding rail 404 are respectively fixed at the corresponding positions of the original points, the proper scale insertion block 7 is selected according to the distal diameter of the intramedullary nail 1, and the distance of the intramedullary nail edge projection line 702 on the scale insertion block 7 is consistent with the distal diameter of the intramedullary nail 1; the intramedullary nail 1 and the fixed guide arm 3 are firmly fixed together through the locking part 2, the distance between the intramedullary nail 1 and the first guide hole 602 is measured by a depth gauge before the intramedullary nail 1 is inserted into a body, after the intramedullary nail is inserted smoothly, the distal end locking is carried out, firstly, a standard side sheet is shot by a C-shaped arm, firstly, an indication rod 10 is inserted into the first guide hole 602, and the connecting line of the bulb tube of the C-shaped arm and the center of a receiving plate is parallel to the indication rod 10, so that a more standard side sheet can be basically shot, if the requirements are not met, the C-shaped arm can be adjusted again until the first lock nail hole 101 of the intramedullary nail 1 is a perfect circle and the metal strip 101 in the indication rod 10 is a point of the circle center, the standard side sheet is obtained; if the intramedullary nail 1 is deformed, a projection line 702 of the edge of the intramedullary nail is far away from the edge of the intramedullary nail 1 at the moment, the deviation distance is read according to the insert scale line 703 on the scale insert 7, the adjusting arm knob 5 is loosened, the adjusting guide arm 4 is rotated by a certain angle, the distance between the sliding arm origin mark line 803 at the top end of the sliding guide arm 8 and the insert origin mark line 701 of the scale insert 7 is equal to the deviation distance of the intramedullary nail 1, the adjusting arm knob 5 is locked, a small opening is cut at the corresponding outer side position of a thigh, subcutaneous tissue and muscle are separated to reach the femur, a sleeve and a drill bit are inserted into the first guide hole 602, and a drill hole penetrates through the femur and the intramedullary nail 1; and (3) detecting the distance from the first guide hole 602 to the intramedullary nail 1 by using a depth gauge, adjusting the position of the guide slide block 6 on the slide rail 404 according to the difference between the distance and the a, enabling the position from the first guide hole 602 to the intramedullary nail 1 to be finally a, locking the guide slide block 6, and drilling holes one by one to complete distal locking. The proximal end of the conventional locking nail is not described in detail.

The design principle of the utility model is as follows:

first, the general teaching of the present invention is explained, in which the deformation of the intramedullary nail is not a single deformation from left to right or a front to back deformation, but a three-dimensional deformation. All other designs at present are planar thinking, and do not introduce a stereo concept, which is one of the reasons for inaccurate locking. The concept is simplified, a specific locking nail hole is researched and set as a point, the point is at an original point o when the intramedullary nail is not deformed, after the intramedullary nail is deformed, the point is positioned as (a, b) on XY coordinates, the point is decomposed into deformation with the X-axis distance of a and deformation with the Y-axis distance of b, the deformation of the intramedullary nail is respectively solved, or the deformation of the intramedullary nail is decomposed into deformation in two mutually perpendicular planes, and the intersecting line of the two planes is parallel to the long bone.

Explaining the concept of the bending point and the design basis of the slide rail, the intramedullary nail deforms after being inserted into the medullary cavity, certainly because two stress points bend the intramedullary nail, the central position of bending between the stress points is defined as the bending point, the nail feeding point of the intramedullary nail at the proximal end of the femur is a constant stress point, and the other stress point is changed; when the isthmus is fractured, the isthmus cannot hold the intramedullary nail, because the far end of the intramedullary nail is easily stressed due to factors such as the gravity action of legs and the like, the far end is another stress point, and the bending point is close to the middle of the intramedullary nail. Even with the same type of fracture, the longer the intramedullary nail size, the more distal the bending point is. When the adjusting arm knob is adjusted in the sagittal plane to enable the adjusting guide arm to bend to adapt to the deformation of the intramedullary nail, the number of the guide holes in the adjusting guide arm is not one but multiple, the bending position of the adjusting guide arm is consistent with the bending point of the intramedullary nail, and the guide holes and the locking nail holes can be aligned more accurately. Theoretically, the bending points of different types of fractures are located in different areas, and the bending points of intramedullary nails with different lengths of the same type of fractures are located in the same area but at different positions, so that a plurality of knob fixing holes are arranged. All other current guide designs do not incorporate the concept of a bending point, which is also one of the reasons for inaccurate locking. The deformation of the intramedullary nail in the coronal plane is solved by enabling the sliding block to correspondingly move along the sliding rail, the bending point, the locking nail hole and the guide hole are connected by a wire to form a right-angled triangle, when the intramedullary nail deforms, the rotation of the triangle with the bending point as the center of a circle is equal to that of the triangle with a small angle, and as long as the guide hole correspondingly rotates with the bending point as the center of a circle and the distance from the bending point to the guide hole as the radius, the three points still keep the same right-angled triangle relationship, so that the optimal corresponding relationship between the guide hole and the locking nail hole can be recovered to the undeformed best relationship no matter the distance or the direction is, and the intramedullary nail can be accurately locked even if the locking nail hole forms an included angle with the coronal plane. Therefore, the best design scheme of the slide rail takes the bending point as the center of a circle and the distance from the bending point to the guide hole as the radius.

The intramedullary nail guider is designed on one side of a long bone, the front and back positions on the sagittal plane are generally adjusted through rotating the adjusting arm, and the relative position of a guide hole is adjusted on the coronal plane along the sliding rail, such as a femoral intramedullary nail; the intramedullary nail guider is designed in front of a long bone, the guide hole is aligned with the locking nail hole by rotating the adjusting arm left and right along the coronal plane, and then the distance between the guide hole and the locking nail hole on the sagittal plane and the corresponding direction are adjusted along the slide rail, such as a tibial intramedullary nail.

The utility model provides a sight decomposes the three-dimensional deformation of intramedullary nail distal end into the deformation in two perpendicular planes of each other, the accurate of guiding hole and lock nail hole is realized aiming through the articulated turned angle who adjusts fixed guiding arm and adjust the guiding arm to the displacement of lock nail hole in a plane, distance and the corresponding direction through adjustment guiding hole and lock nail hole realize the accurate and aim in a plane, realize accurate drilling at last, quick locking, the problem of intramedullary nail distal end lock nail difficulty has been solved, the operation time has been shortened, the operation efficiency has been improved.

The foregoing is illustrative of the best mode of the invention, and details not described herein are within the common general knowledge of a person of ordinary skill in the art. The protection scope of the present invention is subject to the content of the claims, and any equivalent transformation based on the technical teaching of the present invention is also within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a three-dimensional adjustable lock nail director of long bone intramedullary nail which characterized in that: the method comprises the steps of resolving the three-dimensional deformation of the far end of a long-bone intramedullary nail (1) into two deformation in mutually perpendicular planes step by step, wherein the deformation of the intramedullary nail (1) is the displacement of a far-end locking nail hole, the displacement of the locking nail hole in one plane realizes the accurate aiming of the guide hole and the locking nail hole again through the hinged rotation of a fixed guide arm (3) and an adjusting guide arm (4), and the accurate aiming in the plane is realized through adjusting the distance and the direction between the guide hole and the corresponding locking nail hole in the other plane; when the two planes are in good correspondence, all the guide holes can be accurately aimed.

2. The three-dimensional adjustable locking nail guide of the long intramedullary nail according to claim 1, wherein: the fixed guide arm (3) is hinged with the adjusting guide arm (4) through an adjusting arm knob (5), and the adjusting guide arm (4) rotates by taking the adjusting arm knob (5) as a center; one or more adjusting arm fixing holes (303) are formed in the main body of the fixing guide arm (3), corresponding knob hinge holes (402) are formed in the main body of the near end of the adjusting guide arm (4), and the adjusting arm fixing holes (303) and the knob hinge holes (402) are matched with each other and used for corresponding bending points of the intramedullary nail (1); the side edge of the adjusting arm fixing hole (303) or the knob hinging hole (402) can be provided with model marks.

3. The three-dimensional adjustable locking nail guide of the long intramedullary nail according to claim 1, wherein: the proximal end of the fixed guide arm (3) is a handle (301), and the end part of the handle (301) is fixedly connected with the intramedullary nail (1) through a locking part (2); one side of the far end of the fixed guide arm (3) is provided with a sliding groove (302), and the bottom of the sliding groove (302) is provided with a sliding arm fixing hole (304).

4. The three-dimensional adjustable locking nail guide of the long intramedullary nail according to claim 1, wherein: a sliding guide arm (8) for positioning and indicating is mounted at one side of the far end of the fixed guide arm (3), and the sliding guide arm (8) can slide in a telescopic manner to adapt to intramedullary nails (1) with different types and lengths; the far end of the sliding guide arm (8) is in the shape of a crank arm (802), and a sliding arm origin mark line (803) and a sliding arm scale mark line (804) are arranged on one side of the end part of the crank arm (802).

5. The three-dimensional adjustable locking nail guide of the long intramedullary nail according to claim 1, wherein: the far-end nail locking hole comprises a first nail locking hole (101) and a second nail locking hole (102), the second nail locking hole (102) is located on one side of the first nail locking hole (101), and the direction of the second nail locking hole (102) is not in the same plane as the direction of the first nail locking hole (101).

6. The three-dimensional adjustable locking nail guide of the long intramedullary nail according to claim 1, wherein: the adjusting guide arm (4) comprises a front bow arm (401) and a Z-shaped arm (403), the Z-shaped arm (403) is of a Z-shaped structure, and a sliding rail (404) is arranged on the Z-shaped arm (403); the sliding rails (404) are standard circular arcs or non-circular arcs, and the number of the sliding rails (404) is one or more.

7. The three-dimensional adjustable locking nail guide of the long intramedullary nail according to claim 1, wherein: the adjusting guide arm (4) is provided with a guide sliding block (6) capable of sliding along the sliding rail (404), and the guide sliding block (6) can slide on the sliding rail (404) according to the measured deformation distance between the guide hole and the corresponding lock pin hole, adjust and restore the original corresponding relation between the guide sliding block and the corresponding lock pin hole and lock and fix the guide sliding block and the corresponding position of the sliding rail (404).

8. The three-dimensional adjustable locking pin guide of a long intramedullary nail of claim 7, wherein: the bottom of the guide sliding block (6) is provided with a groove (601) matched with the sliding rail (404), the main body of the guide sliding block (6) is provided with a first guide hole (602), and the first guide hole (602) corresponds to a first nail locking hole (101) at the far end of the intramedullary nail (1); the main body of the guide sliding block (6) is also provided with a second guide hole (604), and the second guide hole (604) corresponds to a second locking nail hole (102) at the far end of the intramedullary nail (1).

9. The three-dimensional adjustable locking nail guide of the long intramedullary nail according to claim 1, wherein: the sighting device further comprises a scale inserting block (7), the scale inserting block (7) is made of X-ray-transparent materials, a plurality of light-tight metal lines are embedded in the sighting device, each metal line comprises an inserting block origin marking line (701), an intramedullary nail edge projection line (702) and an inserting block scale line (703), the inserting block origin marking line (701) is used for corresponding to the sliding arm origin marking line (803) and the sliding arm scale line (804), the intramedullary nail edge projection line (702) is used for aligning the edge of the intramedullary nail (1), and the inserting block scale line (703) is used for indicating the adjusting distance.

10. The three-dimensional adjustable locking nail guide of the long intramedullary nail according to claim 1, wherein: the sighting device further comprises an indicating rod (10), a metal strip (1001) is arranged at the center of the indicating rod (10), and one end of the metal strip (1001) is expanded; the indication rod (10) is made of a light-transmitting material.