CN211398885U

CN211398885U - Flange pipe joint device

Info

Publication number: CN211398885U
Application number: CN201922061797.7U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 尹俊; 李建勇; 高印强; 姚澜
Original assignee: Nanjing Shangwei Rail Technology Co ltd; Anhui Xinjinglong Rail Vehicle Equipment Co ltd
Current assignee: Nanjing Shangwei Rail Technology Co ltd; Anhui Xinjinglong Rail Vehicle Equipment Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-11-23
Filing date: 2019-11-23
Publication date: 2020-09-01
Anticipated expiration: 2029-11-23

Abstract

A flanged pipe joint device includes two connecting members. The peripheries of the two connecting pieces are rotatably connected or fixedly provided with two flange connecting parts, and the two flange connecting parts are fixedly connected through a fastening piece, so that the limitation on radial or circumferential movement between the connecting pieces is realized. The end parts of the two connecting pieces are also respectively provided with a sealing groove, and a gasket is arranged between the two sealing grooves to seal the inner pipeline of the connecting piece. The inner ring of each sealing groove is also provided with a positioning ring respectively, and the two are mutually abutted to protect the sealing ring from being directly contacted with a medium circulating in a pipeline inside the connecting piece. The utility model discloses simple structure through the design to connecting piece structure and flange joint portion, can only just realize the fixed connection between the connecting piece through the fastener to can effectively restrict relative movement between the connecting piece structure, can also effectively protect the packing ring, prolong its life. The flange connecting part can rotate relative to the connecting piece, so that the assembly is convenient, and the sealing effect of the loose joint is not influenced.

Description

Flange pipe joint device

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a train spare part field particularly relates to a flange pipe connector device.

Background

The pipelines on the vehicle need to be connected through connecting pieces. The existing connecting pieces are only sealed at the connecting part by threads and sealing gaskets.

The sealing mode between the pipelines on the existing train has the following problems:

1. in the running process of a train, high-frequency vibration exists in the working environment of a pipeline on the train, and the vibration acts on the mechanical structures such as the pipeline, a connecting piece and the like and can correspondingly extrude a sealing gasket inwards, so that the sealing gasket is easy to damage due to mechanical fatigue and loses the sealing effect;

2. the train operation in-process go up frequently and shake, direct action causes radial movement between the connecting piece easily between the connecting piece, causes the screw thread pine to take off, leads to connecting the pine between the connecting piece to take off, causes the interior medium of pipeline to reveal.

3. The connector structure provided in my prior application 2019109363681 is capable of limiting radial movement between connector heads, but is complex in structure, and during installation, a positioning component and a limiting device need to be respectively sleeved on the periphery of the connector component, and the positioning component is pressed to fasten bolts in the connector component. In use, the structure is good in fixing and sealing effects, but is easily restricted by narrow installation environments and inconvenient to install.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model discloses to prior art's not enough, provide a flange pipe connector device, the utility model discloses a being connected between fastener and the flange joint portion, restriction connecting piece structure relative movement guarantees evenly fastening between the connecting piece structure, the inside packing ring that sets up of protection connecting piece structure. The utility model discloses specifically adopt following technical scheme.

First, in order to achieve the above object, there is provided a flange pipe joint device including: the end part of each connecting piece is respectively provided with a sealing groove; the gasket is provided with a first bulge and a second bulge on two end faces respectively, and the first bulge and the second bulge are abutted to the sealing grooves of the two connecting pieces respectively; a first flange connection part rotatably connected to an outer circumference of one of the connection parts; a second flange connection portion fixedly provided at an outer periphery of the other of the connection members; the first flange connecting part and the second flange connecting part are tightly attached and connected.

Optionally, in the flanged pipe joint device, cross-sectional shapes of the sealing grooves of the two connecting members are different; the first protrusion has a cross-sectional shape different from a cross-sectional shape of the second protrusion.

Optionally, in the flanged pipe joint device, cross-sectional shapes of the sealing grooves of the two connecting members are the same; the cross-sectional shape of the first protrusion is the same as the cross-sectional shape of the second protrusion.

Optionally, in the flange pipe joint device, the first flange connecting portion is provided with at least two first mounting through holes, the second flange connecting portion is provided with at least two second mounting through holes, and the first mounting through holes and the second mounting through holes are respectively and correspondingly arranged; the first flange connecting part and the second flange connecting part are fixedly connected through a first mounting through hole and a second mounting through hole.

Optionally, in the flanged pipe joint device, a first flange limiting ring is disposed on an inner periphery of the first flange connecting portion; one end, close to the sealing groove, of the connecting piece connected with the first flange connecting portion is provided with a first limiting convex ring, and the inner peripheral surface of the first flange limiting ring is attached to the outer peripheral surface of the first limiting convex ring. Wherein the second flange connection part may be provided to be integrally formed with another connection member.

Optionally, the flanged joint device further includes: the positioning outer ring is arranged at the end part of one connecting piece and is positioned in the sealing groove; the positioning inner ring is arranged at the end part of the other connecting piece and is positioned in the sealing groove; the outer circumferential surface of the positioning inner ring is attached to the inner circumferential surface of the positioning outer ring.

Optionally, the flanged joint device further includes: the limiting outer ring is arranged at the end part of one connecting piece and is positioned outside the sealing groove; the limiting inner ring is arranged at the end part of the other connecting piece and is positioned outside the sealing groove; the limiting inner ring is arranged inside the limiting outer ring.

Optionally, in the flanged pipe joint device, an outer circumferential surface of the limiting inner ring is attached to an inner circumferential surface of the limiting outer ring.

Optionally, in the flanged pipe joint device, when the top end of the inner limiting ring abuts against the inner bottom surface of the outer limiting ring, the compression distance of the gasket is within a nondestructive extrusion range.

Optionally, in the flanged pipe joint device, an inner circumferential surface of the positioning outer ring is in a circular truncated cone shape, and an outer circumferential surface of the positioning inner ring is in a circular truncated cone shape.

Advantageous effects

The utility model discloses a rotate in a connecting piece periphery and connect the first flange joint portion that surrounds this connecting piece, at the peripheral fixed connection second flange joint portion of another connecting piece, connect two flange joint portions through simple fastener, realize the fixed connection to the connecting piece. Especially, the utility model discloses the simple fastener structure of accessible is even with fixed connection between two flange joint portions, realizes the restriction to the relative radial or the removal of circumference between the connecting piece. Compared with the existing threaded fastener which is integrally sleeved on the outer ring of the connecting piece, the fixing mode can uniformly fix the connecting piece through the fasteners distributed in the circumferential direction of the flange connecting part, avoid local extrusion of the connecting piece due to thread dislocation, and avoid deformation and damage of a gasket due to extrusion of the gasket in the connecting piece.

Further, the utility model discloses in, the tip of two connecting pieces still is provided with the seal groove respectively, sets up the packing ring between two seal grooves and realizes the sealed of connecting piece. The inner ring of each sealing groove is also provided with a positioning ring, and the two positioning rings are mutually abutted to protect the sealing ring from being directly contacted with a medium circulating in the connecting piece. In the two connecting pieces, the two limiting rings arranged on the outer ring of the sealing groove can limit the depth of the positioning inner ring inserted into the positioning outer ring and the extrusion pressure degree of the inner gasket through the mutual abutting relation of the two limiting rings. The utility model discloses simple structure, through the design to connecting piece inner structure, the utility model discloses fixed connection between the connecting piece just can be realized to the cooperation of only through flange joint portion to relative movement between can effectively restricting the connecting piece structure, can also effectively protect the packing ring, prolong its life.

Further, the utility model discloses the tip periphery that sets up the location inner circle has the radian, and the direction when this radian cooperation location outer lane inner wall is realized connecting piece structure installation, can easy to assemble. Meanwhile, the limit of the depth of the mounting and fastening position between the connecting pieces is realized through the abutting action between the limiting inner ring and the limiting outer ring. Therefore, the utility model discloses can avoid installing the tension extrusion packing ring, the protection packing ring is in comparatively ideal installation environment and operational environment all the time. The utility model provides a flange pipe joint device structure, its life is longer, also more reliable and more stable to the sealed of pipeline.

And simultaneously, because the utility model discloses in set up the periphery of first flange spacing collar butt at the spacing bulge loop of connecting piece through its interior week of first flange connecting portion, the utility model provides a connecting piece that first flange connecting portion can set up relatively its inside rotates, therefore, can conveniently adjust the installation angle of fastener in narrow and small space through the rotation to first flange spacing collar, conveniently twist the fastener that connects different positions, realize the reliable sealing connection between the connecting piece. The mounting mode can avoid rotating the pipeline connected by the connecting piece in the mounting process and avoid damaging the pipeline seal in the rotating process.

Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by the practice of the invention.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, together with the embodiments of the invention for the purpose of explanation and not limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

fig. 1 is a schematic view of a flanged pipe joint device according to the present invention in a fixed connection state;

fig. 2 is a schematic view of an internal structure of another flanged pipe joint device according to the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic view of one of the connection members of the flanged pipe joint device of the present invention in an axial view;

fig. 4 is a schematic view of a flanged joint portion of the flanged pipe joint device according to the present invention, to which another connecting member is connected, from an axial perspective.

In the drawings, 1 denotes a first connecting member; 11 denotes a first seal groove; 12 denotes a positioning collar; 13 denotes a pipe connection end of the first connector; 14 denotes a limit outer ring; 2 denotes a second connecting member; 21 denotes a second seal groove; 22 denotes a positioning inner ring; 23 denotes a pipe connection end of the second connector; 24 denotes a limit inner ring; 3 denotes a second flange connection; 31 denotes a second mounting through-hole; 32 denotes a second flange retainer; 4 denotes a first flange connection; 41 denotes a first mounting through-hole; 42 denotes a first flange retainer; 5 denotes a gasket; 51 denotes a first projection; 52 denotes a second projection

Detailed Description

In order to make the purpose and technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the following description will clearly and completely describe the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention by combining the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive work based on the described embodiments of the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.

The meaning of "and/or" in the present invention means that they exist individually or both at the same time.

The meaning of "inside and outside" in the present invention means that, with respect to the pipeline formed by the flange pipe joint device, the direction from the outer surface of the flange pipe joint device to the medium circulating in the pipeline is inside, otherwise, outside; and not to the specific limitations of the device mechanism of the present invention.

The term "connected" as used herein may mean either a direct connection between elements or an indirect connection between elements through other elements.

Fig. 1 is according to the utility model discloses a flange joint device, this flange joint device specifically can set up to include:

a first sealing groove 11 is formed at one end of the first connecting member 1;

a second sealing groove 21 is formed at one end of the second connecting member 2;

a gasket 5 having a first protrusion 51 and a second protrusion 52 provided on both end surfaces thereof, and abutting against the first seal groove 11 and the second seal groove 21, respectively;

a first flange connection portion 4 rotatably connected to surround an outer circumference of the first connection member 1;

a second flange connection part 3 fixedly provided to surround an outer circumference of the second connection member 2;

the first flange connecting part 4 and the second flange connecting part 3 are tightly attached and can be fixedly connected through fasteners such as bolts, screws, nuts, studs, pins, rivets, connecting pairs, welding nails and the like.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 2, in the flange pipe joint device, the first flange connecting part 4 may be configured to be rotatably connected to and surround the outer circumference of the second connecting part 2; and the second flange connection part 3 can be correspondingly and fixedly arranged on the periphery of the other connecting piece 1.

The two implementation modes can be flexibly selected according to the operation environment, and the fastening piece between the two flange connecting parts can be installed and fixed at an angle suitable for operation through the rotation of one flange connecting part relative to the connecting piece, so that the fastening and the sealing of the flange pipe joint device are realized.

In any of the above-described flange pipe apparatuses, taking fig. 2 as an example, the cross-sectional shape of the first seal groove 11 provided in the first coupling member 1 and the cross-sectional shape of the second seal groove 21 provided in the second coupling member 2 may be set to be different so as to fit two protrusions on both side surfaces of the gasket. Among the two side surfaces of the gasket, the cross-sectional shape of the first protrusion 51 located on one side surface may be set to be semicircular or circular arc, and the cross-sectional shape of the second protrusion 52 located on the other side surface of the gasket is different from the cross-sectional shape of the first protrusion 51, and may be specifically set to be rectangular or triangular, etc., so as to achieve guiding through the radian of the protrusion, and achieve sealing connection inside the sealing groove through the dog-ear structure of the other protrusion. The structure can fill the gap in the sealing groove through the thermal expansion of the section of the gasket when the temperature of the working environment of the flange pipe joint device rises, and the tight sealing of the end part of the pipeline is realized.

Alternatively, in another embodiment, the cross-sectional shape of the first seal groove 11 and the cross-sectional shape of the second seal groove 21 may be the same. At this time, the cross-sectional shape of the corresponding first projecting portion 51 is also set to be the same as the cross-sectional shape of the second projecting portion 52.

Referring to the structure shown in fig. 3 or fig. 4, in order to realize the tight abutting and fixing between the first connecting piece 1 and the second connecting piece 2, the flange connecting portion and the corresponding connecting piece may be detachably connected as shown in fig. 4, or may be fixedly connected as shown in fig. 3. For example, the inner periphery of the first flange connecting portion 4 may be provided with a first flange retaining ring 42; taking the first connecting piece 1 as an example, the first connecting piece 2 can also be correspondingly arranged. Its one end that is close to first seal groove 11 of first connecting piece 1 can be provided with first spacing bulge loop corresponding first flange spacing collar 42, from this, the inner peripheral surface of first flange spacing collar 42 can laminate the outer peripheral face setting of first spacing bulge loop, the inner peripheral surface of first flange spacing collar 42 can surround and laminate the outer peripheral face of first spacing bulge loop is rotatory, conveniently adjusts the position of installing the through-hole on the first flange joint portion 4, realizes being connected with second flange joint portion. Correspondingly, in this way, the second connecting member 2, which is located near the second sealing groove 21, may be fixedly connected to the second flange connecting portion 3, or may be integrally formed with the second flange connecting portion 3. The position of the mounting through-hole in the second flange connection 3 is thereby fixed, while the mounting through-hole in the first flange connection 4 can be rotated relative to the second flange connection 3, enabling docking with the mounting holes in both flange connections.

At least two first mounting through holes 41 can be uniformly arranged on the first flange connecting part 4 along the circumferential direction of the flange in a mode shown in fig. 4, and at least two second mounting through holes 31 similar to those shown in fig. 3 are arranged on the corresponding second flange connecting part 3. The first mounting through hole 41 and the second mounting through hole 31 are correspondingly arranged; the first flange connecting part 4 and the second flange connecting part 3 are fixedly connected through the first mounting through hole 41 and the second mounting through hole 31, and therefore rotation or displacement between the flange connecting parts is limited. In a simpler implementation manner, the first mounting through hole 41 and the second mounting through hole 31 can be fixed by screwing through fasteners such as bolts. In other manners, the first mounting through hole 41 and the second mounting through hole 31 can be fixed by other connecting and fixing components, such as a latch, a protrusion, and the like. Since the torque values of the respective fastening members can be set to be the same by the rotation of the fastening members, the fixing structure can uniformly apply a pressing force to the connecting members so that the two connecting members are fixed to each other, and the rotation between the connecting members is restricted by the fastening members.

The fastener can also be connected with a gasket or other fastening structures, so that the constant acting force on the connecting piece is further ensured, and the fastener is prevented from loosening.

The radial displacement between the coupling members can be restricted by the abutting of the end faces of the positioning outer ring 12 and the positioning inner ring 22 as shown in fig. 1 or 2. Specifically, in a preferred implementation, the positioning outer ring 12 of the flange pipe joint device may be disposed at an end of the first connection member 1 and inside the first seal groove 11; the positioning inner ring 22 can be arranged at the end part of the second connecting piece 2 and is positioned in the second sealing groove 21; the positioning inner ring 22 is installed inside the positioning outer ring 12, end faces of the positioning inner ring and the positioning outer ring are mutually abutted, the distance between the first sealing groove 11 and the second first sealing groove 21 is limited, and gaskets arranged in the two sealing grooves are protected from being broken or damaged due to excessive extrusion deformation.

Further, for guaranteeing that the installation is smooth, make things convenient for the operator to dock two position circle structures in narrow and small operation environment accurately, the inner wall surface of location outer lane 12 can be provided with the inside sunken radian that figure 1 shows, the tip surface of the location inner lane 22 that corresponds can be provided with the radian that figure 1 shows, two radians match each other, the tip of location inner lane 22 can be guided by the radian of the inner wall surface of location outer lane 12, accurate butt joint to with location outer lane 12 concentric. At this time, since the depth of the positioning inner ring 22 inserted into the first joint 1 exceeds the mounting position of the gasket with respect to the first joint 1, the inner wall of the positioning inner ring 22 can be restricted between the gasket 5 and the medium flowing space formed inside the joint by the accommodation space of the positioning outer ring 12. That is to say, the utility model provides a location inner circle 22 except can through and the location between the outer lane butt limit connecting piece the depth of insertion protection between two connecting pieces the packing ring not by the excessive extrusion, the utility model provides a location inner circle 22 can also further block that the interior medium of pipeline is direct to avoid the packing ring to be influenced by material or impurity in the medium with the packing ring contact and age. The outer peripheral face laminating of location inner circle 22 can restrict the axial displacement between the connecting piece on the inner peripheral surface of location outer lane, and radial movement between the connecting piece is restricted by several evenly-arranged fasteners again, consequently, the utility model provides a rubber circle can be fixed by even butt, and is sealed by the even restriction of spacing groove. The utility model discloses assembly error between the well connecting piece can be limited to contract to 20 ~ 40 silks, can effectively protect the rubber circle, ensures sealed effect.

Furthermore, the utility model provides a flange pipe joint device, it can also set up to include:

a limit outer ring 14 which is arranged at the end part of the first connecting piece 1 and is positioned outside the first sealing groove 11;

the limiting inner ring 24 is arranged at the end part of the second connecting piece 2 and is positioned outside the second sealing groove 21;

the limiting inner ring 24 is arranged inside the limiting outer ring 14 and is mutually abutted, and the outer peripheral surface of the limiting inner ring 24 is attached to the inner peripheral surface of the limiting outer ring 14, so that the limiting gasket can only be fixed in a cavity space formed between the limiting ring and the positioning ring.

Therefore, the gasket is not directly extruded and deformed by the connecting piece structure which is excessively extruded and assembled due to the positioning structure and the limiting structure which are mutually abutted at the inner part and the outer part of the gasket 5. On the contrary, through setting up the degree of depth of assembling the butt between location structure and the limit structure, can effectual adjustment to the extrusion force degree of inside packing ring 5, guarantee that the packing ring is sealed in order to ensure the connecting piece structure by the even extrusion force degree of applying the suitable, guarantee simultaneously that the packing ring is not influenced life by excessive extrusion deformation.

In other implementations, the guiding structures of the positioning inner ring 22 and the positioning outer ring 12 may be provided as a tapered inclined surface in addition to the arc scheme. It cooperates the pipe head that the horn mouth shape extends to first connecting piece 1 inside, can provide the guide effect to second connecting piece 2. The length of the guide structure can be set to be thicker than the thickness of the rubber pad.

Therefore, the utility model discloses a flange structure realizes the fixed connection between the connecting piece and restricts the relative rotation between the connecting piece structure, the utility model discloses can be through the notch degree of depth that sets up the spacing outer lane of spacing inner circle, make and work as when the top butt of spacing inner circle 24 is at the inside bottom surface of spacing outer lane 14, the compression distance of packing ring 5 is in the non-destructive extrusion within range, guarantees that the load that the packing ring receives does not surpass elastic deformation's bearable scope all the time, and the protection packing ring can not damage deformation or extrusion and breaks.

In order to facilitate the assembly of the pipe body connected with the rotating connecting piece or the corresponding

pipe connecting end

13, 23, the inner circumferential surface of the positioning outer ring 12 can be in a circular truncated cone shape, and the outer circumferential surface of the positioning inner ring 22 can be correspondingly matched with the inner circumferential surface and is also in a circular truncated cone shape.

In other embodiments, the flange connection portion should not be limited to the triangular flange structure shown in fig. 4. Disc-shaped, oval, rectangular or any polygon can be used to achieve a fixed connection between the connector structures. In view of convenient alignment and assembly, the flange structure is preferably arranged in a symmetrical or axisymmetrical structure such as various regular polygons, regular circles and the like, so as to facilitate alignment, connection, assembly and fixation between the installation through holes.

The above description is only for the embodiments of the present invention, and the description is specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit of the present invention, several changes and modifications can be made, which all fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A flanged pipe joint device, comprising:

the end parts of the two connecting pieces (1) are respectively provided with a sealing groove (11);

the gasket (5) is provided with a first bulge part (51) and a second bulge part (52) on two end faces respectively, and the first bulge part (51) and the second bulge part (52) are abutted in the sealing grooves (11) of the two connecting pieces respectively;

a first flange connecting portion (4) rotatably connected to an outer periphery of one of the connecting members (1);

a second flange connection part (3) fixedly arranged on the periphery of the other connecting piece (1);

the first flange connecting part (4) and the second flange connecting part (3) are tightly attached and connected.

2. A flanged pipe joint according to claim 1, wherein the cross-sectional shapes of the seal grooves (11) of the two connection members (1) are different; the cross-sectional shape of the first projection (51) and the cross-sectional shape of the second projection (52) are different.

3. A flanged pipe joint according to claim 1, wherein the cross-sectional shapes of the seal grooves (11) of the two connection members (1) are the same; the cross-sectional shape of the first protrusion (51) is the same as the cross-sectional shape of the second protrusion (52).

4. A flanged pipe joint device according to claim 1, wherein the first flange connecting portion (4) is provided with at least two first mounting through holes (41), the second flange connecting portion (3) is provided with at least two second mounting through holes (31), and the first mounting through holes (41) and the second mounting through holes (31) are respectively and correspondingly arranged; the first flange connecting part (4) and the second flange connecting part (3) are fixedly connected through a first mounting through hole (41) and a second mounting through hole (31).

5. A flanged pipe joint according to claim 4,

a first flange limiting ring (42) is arranged on the inner periphery of the first flange connecting part (4);

one end, close to the sealing groove (11), of the connecting piece (1) connected with the first flange connecting portion (4) is provided with a first limiting convex ring, and the inner peripheral surface of the first flange limiting ring (42) is attached to the outer peripheral surface of the first limiting convex ring.

6. A flanged pipe joint device according to claim 1, further comprising:

a positioning outer ring (12) which is arranged at the end part of one connecting piece (1) and is positioned inside the sealing groove (11);

a positioning inner ring (22) which is arranged at the end part of the other connecting piece and is positioned inside the sealing groove;

the outer circumferential surface of the positioning inner ring (22) is attached to the inner circumferential surface of the positioning outer ring (12).

7. A flanged pipe joint device according to claim 1, further comprising:

the limiting outer ring (14) is arranged at the end part of one connecting piece (1) and is positioned outside the sealing groove (11);

the limiting inner ring (24) is arranged at the end part of the other connecting piece and is positioned outside the sealing groove;

the limiting inner ring (24) is arranged inside the limiting outer ring (14).

8. A flanged pipe joint according to claim 7, wherein the outer circumferential surface of the position-defining inner ring (24) abuts against the inner circumferential surface of the position-defining outer ring (14).

9. A flanged pipe joint according to claim 7, wherein the compression distance of the gasket (5) is within a non-destructive squeezing range when the top end of the limit inner ring (24) abuts against the inner bottom surface of the limit outer ring (14).

10. A flanged pipe joint according to claim 6, wherein the inner circumferential surface of the positioning outer ring (12) is formed in a truncated cone shape, and the outer circumferential surface of the positioning inner ring (22) is formed in a truncated cone shape.