CN211375074U - Particle detection device and system based on scintillator - Google Patents
Particle detection device and system based on scintillator Download PDFInfo
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- CN211375074U CN211375074U CN201922095827.6U CN201922095827U CN211375074U CN 211375074 U CN211375074 U CN 211375074U CN 201922095827 U CN201922095827 U CN 201922095827U CN 211375074 U CN211375074 U CN 211375074U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a particle detection device and system based on a scintillator, which belongs to the technical field of particle detection and solves the problem of excessive photoelectric conversion devices and electronic channels; the device comprises a scintillator unit, an optical fiber, a photoelectric conversion unit and an electronics unit, wherein the scintillator unit comprises a plurality of scintillators with single N-bit binary codes, and the first photoelectric conversion unit comprises N photoelectric conversion devices for numbering positions; the optical fibers with the quantity of 0 or 1 in the binary code are led out from one end face of each scintillator, and the optical fibers are connected with the optical input ends of the photoelectric conversion devices with the corresponding position numbers according to the positions of 0 or 1 in the binary code; the first electronics unit is connected to the electrical output terminals of the N photoelectric conversion devices. The utility model discloses reduce photoelectric conversion device and electronics passageway quantity, compress the experiment cost by a wide margin.
Description
This study was funded by the national science foundation (project approval number: 11605220).
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of the particle detection technique and specifically relates to a particle detection device and system based on scintillator.
Background
At present, the scintillation detector widely applied to high-energy particle detection, nuclear medicine and celestial body physics generally comprises a scintillator, a photoelectric conversion device and an electronic channel which are matched with the scintillator, the required number of scintillators is large for occasions with large detection area and low particle counting rate, the requirements of the photoelectric conversion device and the electronic channel which are matched with the scintillators are more, and only one scintillator works with the photoelectric conversion device and the electronic channel which are matched with the scintillator at one detection time point due to low particle counting rate, so that a large number of photoelectric conversion devices and electronic channels are idle, resources are wasted, and the cost of a test system is increased.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In view of the above analysis, the present invention aims to provide a particle detection device and system based on scintillator, which reduces the number of photoelectric conversion devices and electronic channels and reduces the cost of the test system in the occasions of large detection area and low particle counting rate.
The purpose of the utility model is mainly realized through the following technical scheme:
the utility model discloses a particle detection device based on a scintillator, which comprises a scintillator unit, an optical fiber, a first photoelectric conversion unit and a first electronics unit;
the scintillator unit comprises a plurality of scintillators with individual N-bit binary codes, and the scintillators can emit light signals when being hit by particles;
the first photoelectric conversion unit includes N photoelectric conversion devices numbering positions;
the optical fibers with the quantity of 0 or 1 in the binary code are led out from one end face of each scintillator, and the optical fibers are connected with the optical input ends of the photoelectric conversion devices with the corresponding position numbers according to the positions of 0 or 1 in the binary code;
when the scintillator emits optical signals, the optical signals are transmitted to the photoelectric conversion devices at corresponding positions through the optical fibers to be subjected to photoelectric conversion and signal amplification;
the first electronics unit is connected with the electrical output ends of the N photoelectric conversion devices, and determines the scintillator hit by the particles based on the number of the photoelectric conversion device which sends out the electrical signal.
Furthermore, the scintillator is an organic or inorganic scintillator, is in a strip or block shape, has a polished surface, is exposed at the end face of the connecting optical fiber, and is wrapped with a reflecting film outside the other surfaces.
Further, the optical fiber model is matched with the wavelength range of the optical signal, and the length of each optical fiber is equal.
Further, when the connection of the scintillator and the photoelectric conversion device is performed according to "1" in the binary code, the number of the scintillators is not more than 2NThe (N +1) corresponding binary codes do not include codes containing only one "1" and codes all of which are "0".
Further, when the connection of the scintillator and the photoelectric conversion device is performed according to "0" in the binary code, the number of the scintillators is not more than 2NThe (N +1) corresponding binary codes do not include codes containing only one "0" and codes all of which are "1".
Further, the photoelectric conversion device is a photomultiplier tube PMT or a silicon photodiode MPPC.
Further, the first electronics unit is a VME electronics cabinet containing time and charge measurement plug-ins or a multi-channel waveform collector based on FlashADC.
Furthermore, the scintillator, the optical fiber and the photoelectric conversion device are wrapped with a light-shielding material for light-shielding treatment.
Further, the photoelectric conversion device also comprises a second photoelectric conversion unit and a second electronic unit;
the second photoelectric conversion unit includes N photoelectric conversion devices numbering positions;
the photoelectric conversion device is connected with the opposite end face of the scintillator connected with the first photoelectric conversion unit through optical fiber connection, the number of the optical fibers led out from the opposite end face is the number of '0' or '1' in the binary code, and the optical fibers are connected to the optical input ends of the photoelectric conversion devices with corresponding position numbers according to the positions of '0' or '1' in the binary code;
the second electronic unit is connected with the electric output ends of the N photoelectric conversion devices.
The utility model also discloses a particle detection system based on scintillator, including a plurality of particle detection device as claimed in claim 9, each a plurality of scintillators of particle detection device arrange in the detection zone individual layer, and is a plurality of the scintillator of particle detection device is parallel multilayer plane arrangement in the detection zone.
The utility model discloses beneficial effect as follows:
the utility model is suitable for the detection of particles under the occasions with larger detection area and not very high particle counting rate (below kHz);
each scintillator is subjected to binary coding, and all scintillators share the photoelectric conversion device and the electronic channel, so that the number of the photoelectric conversion device and the electronic channel is effectively reduced, and the experiment cost is greatly reduced.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, wherein like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout the drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view illustrating a principle of a particle detection device according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a principle of a two-dimensional coordinate positioning particle detection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention, which is to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings, forms a part of this application, and together with the embodiments of the invention, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
The first embodiment,
The embodiment discloses a particle detection device based on a scintillator, which comprises a scintillator unit, an optical fiber, a first photoelectric conversion unit and a first electronics unit, wherein the optical fiber is arranged in the scintillator unit;
the scintillator unit comprises a plurality of scintillators with individual N-bit binary codes, and the scintillators can emit light signals when being hit by particles;
the first photoelectric conversion unit includes N photoelectric conversion devices numbering positions;
the optical fibers with the quantity of 0 or 1 in the binary code are led out from one end face of each scintillator, and the optical fibers are connected with the optical input ends of the photoelectric conversion devices with the corresponding position numbers according to the positions of 0 or 1 in the binary code;
when the scintillator emits optical signals, the optical signals are transmitted to the photoelectric conversion devices at corresponding positions through the optical fibers to be subjected to photoelectric conversion and signal amplification;
the first electronics unit is connected with the electrical output ends of the N photoelectric conversion devices, and determines the scintillator hit by the particles based on the number of the photoelectric conversion device which sends out the electrical signal.
In this embodiment, the particle count rate is below kHz, which ensures that only a single particle passes through a scintillator in a single detection period, so that the scintillator generates a fluorescence signal;
the scintillator can be an organic scintillator and an inorganic scintillator with high enough light yield, the scintillator is in a strip shape or a block shape according to the requirement of an actual detection area, the surface of the scintillator is polished, the end face of the connecting optical fiber is exposed, and the outside of the rest surface of the scintillator is wrapped by a reflecting film.
For example, with the use of the strip-shaped scintillators, the scintillators are arranged in a single layer in the detection region, each scintillator is arranged in the x-axis (horizontal) direction, and a plurality of scintillators are uniformly arranged in the y-axis (vertical) direction of the detection region, covering the whole detection region.
The type of the optical fiber for connecting the end face of the scintillator and the photoelectric conversion device is matched with the wavelength range of the fluorescence, and the length of each optical fiber is equal, so that the interference of other noises can be eliminated through information such as signal time, charges and the like in the later period.
Specifically, when a particle passes through the scintillator, the scintillator generates a large amount of fluorescence, the fluorescence enters the optical fiber through the end face of the scintillator, and the fluorescence satisfying the angle of total reflection angle passes through the optical fiber in a total emission manner.
The optical fiber conducts the fluorescence to the surface of the photoelectric conversion device, the fluorescence generates photoelectric effect on the surface of the photoelectric conversion device, and photoelectric conversion and electric signal amplification are completed through the photoelectric conversion device.
In the assembly process of the device of the present embodiment, the dimensions or specifications of the components need to be determined by comprehensive consideration according to experimental requirements. For example, the scintillator end face (the face to which the optical fibers are connected) is 10mm by 10mm in size, and for an optical fiber having a diameter of 1mm, theoretically 100 optical fibers can be connected. If the size of the photosensitive area (the surface connected with the optical fiber) of the photoelectric conversion device is 3mm by 3mm, for the optical fiber with the diameter of 1mm, due to the size limitation of the photosensitive area of the photoelectric conversion device, a maximum of 9 optical fibers can be connected in the detector scheme. If the size of the photosensitive area (the surface connected with the optical fiber) of the photoelectric conversion device is 6mm by 6mm, for the optical fiber with the diameter of 1mm, a maximum of 36 optical fibers can be connected in the detector scheme due to the size limitation of the photosensitive area of the photoelectric conversion device. For scintillators with lower light yield, larger diameter fibers need to be chosen to ensure a sufficiently high detection efficiency (-100%) of the photoelectric conversion device. The user can select according to the requirement in practical application.
Since each scintillator has a separate N-bit binary code, N corresponding photoelectric conversion devices numbering the positions are included in the first photoelectric conversion unit in cooperation therewith.
Preferably, the photoelectric conversion device may be a photomultiplier tube PMT or a silicon photodiode MPPC that satisfies weak light (single photoelectron) detection conditions. The PMT usually has larger gain, does not need a preamplifier and is directly input into a back-end electronic measurement; the MPPC gain is small, a front amplifier is needed, the signal is further amplified, and the signal is input into a rear-end electronic measurement. In addition, the MPPC dark noise is higher than PMT, and the error rate is also correspondingly larger.
When an optical fiber is connected to each of the scintillators, the number of '1's in the binary code of each scintillator is determinedThe number of the optical fibers led out from the end face of the scintillator; and connecting the led optical fiber with the photoelectric conversion device at the corresponding position according to the position of the '1'. No more than 2 may be arranged in the detection areaN-1 scintillator;
taking 5 photoelectric conversion devices as an example, a scheme for connecting the scintillator and the photoelectric conversion devices through optical fibers is described. Corresponding to binary 5-bit number, 32 codes such as 00000-11111 can be provided. Specific connection methods are described below. For a certain scintillator, 01011 is encoded. If the 1 st, 2 nd and 4 th bits are 1, the optical fiber led out from one end face of the scintillator is connected with the 1 st, 2 nd and 4 th photoelectric conversion devices; the 3 rd and 5 th bits of the codes are 0, which indicates that the optical fiber led out from the end face of the scintillator is not connected with the 3 rd and 5 th photoelectric conversion devices. Where 00000 indicates that the photoelectric conversion device is not operated, the code is invalid. Therefore, the effective encoding number is 31 for 5 photoelectric conversion devices. By analogy, the effective coding number of 6 photoelectric conversion devices is 63; the effective coding number of the 7 photoelectric conversion devices can reach 127. The relation between the number of photoelectric conversion devices and the number of effective scintillators is 2N-1, where N is the number of photoelectric conversion devices. It can be seen that the number of photoelectric conversion devices can be greatly reduced.
In general, the photoelectric conversion device has thermal noise and generates a false signal. The generation time and signal amplitude (or charge) of the glitch have randomness compared to the true signal. By utilizing the information difference of time, charge or amplitude and the like of the true and false signals, the error probability of the test system can be effectively reduced. In order to reduce the error rate, the information of different photoelectric conversion devices can be conveniently compared, noise interference is eliminated, and codes only containing one '1' are removed. The number of codes is at most 2N- (N +1), i.e. the number of scintillators is not more than 2N- (N + 1).
Taking 5 photoelectric conversion devices as an example, the numbers (00001, 00010, 00100, 01000, 10000) of the connections of the single optical fiber and the photoelectric conversion devices are removed. Therefore, the effective encoding number is 26 for 5 photoelectric conversion devices. By analogy, the relation between the number of photoelectric conversion devices and the number of effective codes is 2N- (N +1) in which N is lightNumber of electrical conversion devices.
According to the same principle as the above, when the optical fiber is connected with each scintillator, the number of the optical fibers led out from the end face of the scintillator can be determined according to the number of '0' in the binary code of each scintillator; according to the position of '0', connecting the led-out optical fiber with the photoelectric conversion device at the corresponding position; in order to reduce the error rate, the information of different photoelectric conversion devices can be conveniently compared, noise interference is eliminated, and codes only containing one '0' and codes all containing '1' in the codes are removed. The number of codes is at most 2N- (N +1), i.e. the number of scintillators is not more than 2N- (N + 1).
In contrast to the determination of the number of optical fibers leading out from the end face of the scintillator according to the number of "1", the first electronics unit decodes and identifies the electrical signal codes, and then takes the inverse code to determine the scintillator through which the particles pass.
And connecting all scintillators with the photoelectric conversion devices and the electronic units by adopting the coding mode.
Still taking the scintillator cell of the code 01011 as an example, when a particle passes through the scintillator cell, the generated fluorescence reaches the connected photoelectric conversion device (numbers 1,2,4) through the optical fiber, and the photoelectric conversion device amplifies the signal; the first electronics unit collects the time and charge information of the electrical signals of the three channels. Since the fluorescence is generated from the same location area and the lengths of the optical fibers are substantially equal, the time (the time when a certain threshold is exceeded) for the electrical signals of the three channels is substantially the same. Comparing the information of the electric charges, the time and the like of different channels, eliminating noise interference, and judging whether each channel contains an effective signal; if yes, the channel is set to 1; no, then the channel is set to 0. Based on the number of the photoelectric conversion device emitting the effective electrical signal, the scintillator cell code (01011) hit by the particle can be identified, and the position information of the scintillator cell in the y-axis direction can be derived. By analogy, 7 photoelectric conversion devices can meet the single-ended detection requirement of more than 100 scintillator units, so that the number of the photoelectric conversion devices and electronics is greatly reduced, and the experiment cost is effectively reduced.
Preferably, the electronic unit may be a VME electronics chassis or a multi-channel waveform collector based on FlashADC, and the off-line analysis is performed on the collected data by using the existing off-line software to obtain the corresponding coding information and time information of the signal.
Since the code can be used to mark the y-axis coordinate of the detection region where the scintillator is located, the y-axis coordinate of the particle as it passes through the detection region can be determined from the obtained code information.
Specially, parts such as a scintillator, an optical fiber, a photoelectric conversion device and the like need to be wrapped with light-proof materials for light-proof treatment.
In addition, the end face size of the scintillator, the specification of the optical fiber, and the size of the photosensitive region (the end face for connecting the optical fiber) of the photoelectric conversion device need to be selected correspondingly in combination with the experimental detection requirements. When more than 3 photoelectrons are led into the photoelectric conversion device from a single optical fiber, the detection efficiency of the channel is 100% due to the high sensitivity of the photoelectric conversion device.
The present embodiment may also enable two-dimensional coordinate positioning of particles passing through the detection region.
Specifically, in order to realize two-dimensional coordinate positioning, as shown in fig. 2, the present embodiment further includes a second photoelectric conversion unit, a second electronics unit;
the second photoelectric conversion unit is connected with the end face opposite to the end face of the first photoelectric conversion unit connected with the scintillator through an optical fiber; receiving an optical signal emitted by the end face;
in order to obtain two-dimensional coordinates, it is preferable that the two opposing end faces are located in a direction perpendicular to the scintillator arrangement direction;
for example, if the strip-shaped scintillators are uniformly distributed on the inner plane of the single-layer detection region, the first photoelectric conversion unit and the second photoelectric conversion unit are respectively connected by optical fibers, and the two opposite side end faces of the strip-shaped scintillators perpendicular to the arrangement direction are provided.
The second photoelectric conversion unit comprises N photoelectric conversion devices which are same as the first photoelectric conversion unit and are used for numbering the positions, and the photoelectric conversion devices are used for performing photoelectric conversion and signal amplification on the optical signals; when a certain scintillator generates an optical signal, the second photoelectric conversion unit outputs electrical signals of N channels corresponding to binary codes of the scintillator;
the second electronic unit has the same structure as the first electronic unit and is used for collecting the N channel electric signals, performing electronic measurement, identifying the code of the scintillator hit by the particles and obtaining the position of the particles passing through the detection region; i.e., position information in the y-axis direction;
due to the different positions of the particles through the scintillator, different time information is obtained in the resulting electronic measurements of the same particle across the scintillator. And recording the time difference of the electronic measurement of the same particle by the first electronic unit and the second electronic unit, determining the radial position of the particle passing through the scintillator, namely the position information of the x-axis direction according to the time difference information, and obtaining the two-dimensional coordinate of the particle passing through the detection area. The radial position accuracy depends mainly on the measurement accuracy of the photoelectric conversion device and electronics.
In summary, the two-dimensional measurement of particles is realized by using a single-layer scintillator arrangement, connecting optical fibers and photoelectric devices at two ends of the scintillator, and electronics, and comprehensively using time and charge information of each channel.
In the embodiment, all scintillators share the photoelectric conversion device and the electronic channel, so that the number of the photoelectric conversion device and the electronic channel is effectively reduced, and the experiment cost is greatly reduced.
Example II,
The embodiment discloses a particle detection system, which comprises a plurality of particle detection devices capable of realizing two-dimensional particle measurement, wherein a plurality of scintillators of each particle detection device are arranged in a single layer in a detection area, and the scintillators of the plurality of particle detection devices are arranged in parallel multi-layer planes in the detection area.
Each particle detection device is used for detecting two-dimensional coordinates of particles entering the arrangement plane of the particle detection device, and the two-dimensional coordinates detected by the particles passing through each particle detection device are sequentially connected to form a track of the particles passing through the detection area.
The particle detection means are arranged, for example, in the detection region at the entrance face and the exit face of the particles, respectively.
The particle detection device is arranged on the incidence surface and used for detecting incidence two-dimensional coordinates of particles entering a detection area; particle detection means arranged at said exit face for detecting exit two-dimensional coordinates of particles leaving the detection region; and connecting the incident two-dimensional coordinate and the emergent two-dimensional coordinate to form a track of the particles passing through the detection area.
It should be noted that the above embodiments are based on the same utility model concept, and the description is not repeated, and they can be referred to each other.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the particle detection system provided by the embodiment are basically the same as those provided by the first embodiment, and are not repeated herein.
The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A particle detection device based on a scintillator is characterized by comprising a scintillator unit, an optical fiber, a first photoelectric conversion unit and a first electronics unit;
the scintillator unit comprises a plurality of scintillators with individual N-bit binary codes, and the scintillators can emit light signals when being hit by particles;
the first photoelectric conversion unit includes N photoelectric conversion devices numbering positions;
the optical fibers with the quantity of 0 or 1 in the binary code are led out from one end face of each scintillator, and the optical fibers are connected with the optical input ends of the photoelectric conversion devices with corresponding position numbers according to the positions of 0 or 1 in the binary code;
when the scintillator emits optical signals, the optical signals are transmitted to the photoelectric conversion devices at corresponding positions through the optical fibers to be subjected to photoelectric conversion and signal amplification;
the first electronics unit is connected with the electrical output ends of the N photoelectric conversion devices, and determines the scintillator hit by the particles based on the number of the photoelectric conversion device which sends out the electrical signal.
2. The particle detection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the scintillator is an organic or inorganic scintillator, has a shape of a strip or a block, has a polished surface, has an exposed end surface for connecting the optical fiber, and has a reflective film coated on the remaining surface.
3. A particle detection apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the fibre type is matched to the wavelength range of the optical signal, each fibre being of equal length.
4. The particle detection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein when the scintillator is connected to the photoelectric conversion device according to "1" in binary coding, the number of scintillators is not more than 2NThe (N +1) corresponding binary codes do not include codes containing only one "1" and codes all of which are "0".
5. The particle detection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein when the scintillator is connected to the photoelectric conversion device according to "0" in binary coding, the number of scintillators is not more than 2NThe (N +1) corresponding binary codes do not include codes containing only one "0" and codes all of which are "1".
6. The particle detection apparatus of claim 5, wherein the photoelectric conversion device is a photomultiplier tube (PMT) or a silicon photodiode (MPPC).
7. The particle detection apparatus of claim 5, wherein the first electronics unit is a VME electronics chassis containing time and charge measurement cards or a FlashADC-based multi-channel waveform collector.
8. The particle detecting device according to claim 5, wherein the scintillator, the optical fiber, and the photoelectric conversion device are covered with a light-shielding material for light-shielding treatment.
9. The particle detection apparatus of claim 5, further comprising a second photoelectric conversion unit, a second electronics unit;
the second photoelectric conversion unit includes N photoelectric conversion devices numbering positions;
the photoelectric conversion device is connected with the opposite end face of the scintillator connected with the first photoelectric conversion unit through an optical fiber, the number of the optical fibers led out from the opposite end face is the number of '0' or '1' in the binary code, and the optical fibers are connected to the optical input ends of the photoelectric conversion devices with corresponding position numbers according to the positions of '0' or '1' in the binary code;
the second electronic unit is connected with the electric output ends of the N photoelectric conversion devices.
10. A scintillator-based particle detection system, comprising a plurality of particle detection arrangements according to claim 9, wherein the plurality of scintillators of each particle detection arrangement are arranged in a single layer in a detection region, and wherein the scintillators of the plurality of particle detection arrangements are arranged in parallel multi-layer planes in the detection region.
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