CN211358301U - Carbon dioxide capture pretreatment system - Google Patents
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- CN211358301U CN211358301U CN201922150345.6U CN201922150345U CN211358301U CN 211358301 U CN211358301 U CN 211358301U CN 201922150345 U CN201922150345 U CN 201922150345U CN 211358301 U CN211358301 U CN 211358301U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a carbon dioxide capture pretreatment system, which comprises a prewashing tower, a cooler, a membrane electrolyzer and an alkali distribution tank; the coolingOne end of the device is connected with the lower part of the pre-washing tower, and the other end is connected with the upper part of the pre-washing tower to form a loop; the membrane electrolyzer is connected with a pipeline between the cooler and the lower part of the pre-washing tower in a bidirectional way to form a loop, and the alkali distribution tank is connected with a pipeline between the cooler and the lower part of the pre-washing tower. The utility model provides a carbon dioxide entrapment pretreatment system can effectively get rid of remaining SO in coal-fired unit discharges fume2、SO3When the acidic gas is used, the membrane electrolyzer is adopted to regenerate and recycle the pre-washing liquid, so that the consumption of the absorbent is reduced, and the operation cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a carbon dioxide retrieves technical field, especially a carbon dioxide entrapment pretreatment systems.
Background
Carbon dioxide (CO)2) Is one of the main components of greenhouse gases causing global warming, and contributes to 55 percent of the greenhouse effect. 2014 the whole world discharges nearly 344.22 million tons of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere annually, and the utilization amount of the carbon dioxide is only about 1 million tons and is far less than one percent of the total discharge amount. 16.2.2005, the "kyoto protocol" officially became effective, which was the first time in human history to limit greenhouse gas emissions in the form of regulations; 12 months in 2009On 7 days, the Copenhagen conference consults and contracts the responsibility of the developed countries and developing countries on greenhouse gas emission reduction, and as a responsible big country, the Chinese government makes a solemn commitment, and the emission of carbon dioxide of the total production value in China in 2020 units is reduced by 40-45% compared with 2005. Thermal power generation is the largest industry that emits carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide discharged after fossil fuel combustion in a thermal power plant accounts for 30% of the global emission of the same fuel. Therefore, the coal fired power plants that emit the most carbon dioxide are the industries with the most potential to implement carbon dioxide capture. Carbon dioxide Capture (Carbon Capture and Storage) and sequestration are one of the major measures for Carbon abatement. The CCS technology is a carbon capture technology that separates carbon dioxide produced by industry and related energy industries, and then transports and stores the separated carbon dioxide in a sealed or refined form for recycling by means of carbon storage and transportation. The method mainly comprises the following steps: separation and capture of carbon dioxide; sealing and transporting carbon dioxide; development of commercial applications of carbon dioxide, and the like. CO discharged by thermal power plant2Considering that the fuel is mainly composed of three elements of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, while the air is the combustion-supporting gas, divided from the different stages of combustion, CO2The trapping technology route can be mainly divided into 3 types: pre-combustion capture (Pre-combustion), Oxy-fuel combustion (Oxy-fuel combustion), and Post-combustion capture (Post-combustion). The pre-combustion trapping is mainly applied to an Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) system, coal is gasified by high pressure oxygen enrichment to form coal gas, and CO is generated after water gas shift2And hydrogen (H)2) Gas pressure and CO2The concentration is very high, and the CO can be easily treated2And (4) collecting. The remaining H2Can be used as fuel. The trapping system of the technology is small, the energy consumption is low, and the technology has great potential in the aspects of efficiency and pollutant control, however, the IGCC power generation technology has the problems of high investment cost, reliability to be improved and the like. Oxygen-enriched combustion adopts the technical process of the traditional coal-fired power plant, and a large proportion of nitrogen (N) in the air is generated by an oxygen generation technology2) Removing by directly using high-concentration oxygen (O)2) The mixed gas with the withdrawn part of the flue gas (flue gas) replaces the air, so that the flue gas obtained has high concentrationCO2The gas can be directly processed and sealed. Currently, in Europe, there are oxygen-enriched combustion projects which are used for reforming small-scale power plants. The biggest problem faced by the technical route is that the investment and energy consumption of the oxygen production technology are too high, and an active technology with low cost and low consumption is not found at present. Post-combustion capture, i.e. capture of CO in flue gases emitted by combustion2CO, currently commonly used2The separation techniques mainly include chemical absorption (by acid-base absorption) and physical absorption (temperature swing or pressure swing adsorption), and membrane separation techniques, which are in development stage but are recognized as techniques having great potential in terms of energy consumption and equipment compactness. CO for chemical industry2A total of 1.15 million tons of CO discharged to the atmosphere per year2The total amount is less than 0.5 percent. Although CO can be made by the prior art2The utilization amount is expected to be doubled, but the CO can not be solved2Excessive discharge problem. Researchers are developing CO capture from coal fired power plants2The coal-fired power plant can be expected to occupy the global CO by 2100 years2The discharge amount is 80%. But now only three large scale capture programs are in progress, capturing about 300 million tons of CO per year2The mature carbon dioxide capture technology suitable for coal-fired power stations at present is a chemical absorption decarburization technology, the power station adopting the technology is a Warrior Run power station in the United states, the installed capacity is 18 ten thousand kilowatts, 150 tons of food-grade carbon dioxide can be produced each day, a Shady Point power station in Oklahoma, the installed capacity is 4 × 8 ten thousand kilowatts, 99% of carbon dioxide can be produced each day, a JPower100 ten thousand Watt coal-fired power plant demonstration project in Kawasaki Song island in southwest Japan, the capture amount is 10 tons/day: the method comprises the following steps of 3000 t/year carbon capture engineering (2008 put into operation, food grade, power plant shut down) of the Beijing Hua-Energy thermal power plant, 10 t/year carbon capture engineering (2009 put into operation, food grade) of the Huaneng Shanghai stone cave, 4 t/year carbon capture engineering (2012 put into operation, oil displacement) of the Shengli oil field, 1 t/year carbon capture engineering (2015 years are shut down with the power plant, food grade) of Hua Feng power plant, a carbon capture test platform (2019 years, 5 months put into operation, two technical routes of alcohol amine absorption and membrane separation), 1 t/year carbon capture engineering (2019 years, 5 months put into operation, food grade) of the Hua electric power plant, and 12 t/year carbon capture engineering (primary design, oil displacement) of the Shenhua Hua electric power plant in the Hua Min Mingjin.
The flue gas of the coal-fired unit introduced by carbon capture generally comes from desulfurization, the flue gas temperature is generally 50-52 ℃, and the high temperature is not beneficial to the absorption of carbon dioxide. CO in flue gas2The content of the pollutants is less, generally 8% -14%, and in addition, some pollutants such as dust and SO are also contained2、SO3And NOxAnd the like. With CO2In contrast, SO2And SO3Is more acidic, reacts preferentially with the alkaline absorbent, generates relatively stable compounds, is difficult to regenerate by heating, causes deterioration of the absorbent properties, and reduces CO2The trapping efficiency is improved, and the absorption liquid loss is increased. At present, the pretreatment is generally carried out by adding a fine desulfurization tower or a deep purification tower, and the flue gas is washed by alkalescent water in the tower, so that the aim of reducing the temperature of the flue gas is fulfilled, and meanwhile, acid gas is removed. However, this method has the following problems: the selected weak alkaline salt has high price, soluble sulfate and sulfite can be generated after multiple circulating reactions and are difficult to remove from the system, if all the salts are discharged, the wastewater amount is increased, and the running cost is increased; secondly, if calcium-based weak alkaline salt is introduced to precipitate sulfate and regenerate weak alkaline salt, complex facilities are required to be added for reaction generation and precipitate removal, and the problems of pipeline and equipment blockage exist. For example, in the scheme disclosed in CN 109745850A, a water washing tower is arranged in front of a carbon dioxide absorption tower, and alkali is added into water washing liquid to absorb dust and SO in flue gas2The alkaline water washing liquid is not regenerated and reused, only the alkalinity of the absorption liquid can be recovered by adding the alkali, the alkali consumption is high, and the alkaline wastewater is dischargedLarge discharge and high operation cost.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model provides a carbon dioxide entrapment pretreatment system can effectively desorption remaining SO in coal-fired unit discharges fume2、SO3When the acidic gas is used, the membrane electrolyzer is adopted to regenerate and recycle the pre-washing liquid, so that the consumption of the absorbent is reduced, and the operation cost is reduced.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme: a carbon dioxide capture pretreatment system comprises a prewashing tower, a cooler, a membrane electrolyzer and an alkali preparation tank; one end of the cooler is connected with the lower part of the pre-washing tower, and the other end of the cooler is connected with the upper part of the pre-washing tower to form a loop; the membrane electrolyzer is connected with a pipeline between the cooler and the lower part of the pre-washing tower in a bidirectional way to form a loop, and the alkali distribution tank is connected with a pipeline between the cooler and the lower part of the pre-washing tower.
The system is provided with a pre-washing tower for treating residual SO in the flue gas2、SO3When the acid gas is generated, a packing layer, a water spraying pipe, a demister and a flow equalizing and gas distributing device are arranged in the prewashing tower; the water spraying pipe and the demister are positioned above the packing layer, and the flow equalizing and gas distributing device is positioned below the packing layer.
In the system, the filler layer is arranged into two layers, so that the pre-washing liquid is fully contacted with the flue gas.
The alkaline pre-washing liquid absorbs acid gas to generate acid substances, the pH value of the pre-washing liquid is reduced along with the increase of the washing times because the pre-washing liquid is recycled in the pre-washing tower, and the dosage of an alkaline absorbent can be reduced by adding a direct current stabilized voltage power supply to electrolyze at two poles of a membrane electrolyzer to recover the alkaline value of the pre-washing liquid, so that in the system, the membrane electrolyzer is internally provided with an anion exchange membrane and divides the interior of the membrane electrolyzer into an anode chamber and a cathode chamber; the anion exchange membrane only allows anions to pass through, acidic hydrogen ions generated in the anode chamber in electrolysis cannot pass through the anion exchange membrane to be subjected to neutralization reaction with alkaline hydroxide ions generated in the cathode chamber in electrolysis, so that the pH value of the pre-washing solution in the cathode chamber rises to make the electrolytic solution in the cathode chamber alkaline; the membrane electrolyzer is also provided with an anode liquid tank and a cathode liquid tank; the anode liquid tank and the anode chamber are connected in a bidirectional mode to form a loop, and the cathode liquid tank and the cathode chamber are connected in a bidirectional mode to form a loop; and a liquid outlet pipeline of the cathode liquid tank, namely a liquid inlet pipeline of the cathode chamber, and a pipeline between the cooler and the lower part of the pre-washing tower are connected in a bidirectional way to form a loop.
In order to lead in the electrolytic circulation of the liquid to stably operate, the membrane electrolyzer in the system is also provided with an anode liquid pump and a cathode liquid pump; the anode liquid pump is arranged on a liquid outlet pipeline of the anode liquid tank; the cathode liquid pump is arranged on a liquid outlet pipeline of the cathode liquid tank; and the inlet pipeline of the cathode liquid pump is provided with a fine filtering device so as to remove dust particles, waste residues and other solid particles in the system.
In order to recycle the pre-washing liquid in the pre-washing tower, a circulating pump is arranged at the bottom of the pre-washing tower in the system and is used for pumping the pre-washing liquid out of the lower part of the pre-washing tower, and sending the pre-washing liquid into the upper part of the pre-washing tower after entering a cooler; the pre-washing tower is also provided with a pre-washing pump, and the pre-washing pump is arranged on a pipeline between the lower part of the pre-washing tower and the cooler; and the inlet pipeline of the pre-washing pump is provided with a fine filtering device so as to remove dust particles, waste residues and other solid particles in the system.
In the system, a stirrer is arranged in the alkali preparation tank to promote alkali dissolution; the alkali distribution tank is also provided with an alkali pump, and the alkali pump is arranged on a liquid outlet pipeline of the alkali distribution tank and used for conveying prepared alkali liquor to an inlet of the pre-washing pump; and the alkali pump inlet pipeline is provided with a fine filtering device to remove dust particles, waste residues and other solid particles in the system.
The carbon dioxide capture pretreatment method adopting the system comprises the following steps:
s1, conveying the sodium-based alkalescent absorbent to an alkali preparation tank, and adding water into the alkali preparation tank to prepare alkali liquor with the mass concentration of 10% -30%;
s2, conveying the alkali liquor obtained in the step S1 to a pipeline at the lower part of the pre-washing tower, and diluting the alkali liquor to a dilute alkali liquor with the mass concentration of 0.5-10%;
s3, inputting the dilute alkali liquor obtained in the step S2 into a cooler to be cooled to 38-40 ℃, and inputting the dilute alkali liquor into prewashingWashing the upper part of the tower, spraying down, and contacting with the flue gas entering from the bottom of the tower in a counter-current manner to absorb SO in the flue gas2And SO3；
S4, when the pH value of the prewashing liquid at the lower part of the prewashing tower is reduced to 5.5-6.5, leading out 5-30% of the prewashing liquid by mass ratio, inputting the prewashing liquid into a cathode chamber in a membrane electrolyzer for electrolytic regeneration, and returning the prewashing liquid to a pipeline at the lower part of the prewashing tower; and dilute acid is introduced into the anode chamber of the membrane electrolyzer, and concentrated acid obtained after electrolysis is conveyed to a desulfurization wastewater treatment or industrial wastewater treatment system.
In the carbon dioxide capture pretreatment method, in step S1, the sodium-based weakly alkaline absorbent is sodium carbonate; the water used for preparing the alkali liquor is one or more of desalted water, softened water or steam hydrophobic water.
In the carbon dioxide capturing pretreatment method, in step S3, the cooler uses circulating cooling water as a temperature reducing medium.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model provides a carbon dioxide entrapment pretreatment systems can effectively get rid of remaining SO in coal-fired unit discharges fume2、SO3When acid gas is used, SO can be effectively solved2、SO3Pollution problem to absorption liquid, and increase of CO2The recovery efficiency; the membrane electrolyzer is adopted to regenerate and recycle the pre-washing liquid, so that the consumption of the absorbent is reduced, the concentrated acid liquid generated after electrolysis can be sent to a desulfurization wastewater or industrial wastewater treatment system for neutralization of alkaline wastewater, resources are fully utilized, and the utilization rate of the resources is effectively improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the carbon dioxide capture pretreatment system of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1-a prewashing tower, 2-a cooler, 3-a prewashing pump, 4-a membrane electrolyzer, 5-an anion exchange membrane, 6-an anode liquid pump, 7-an anode liquid tank, 8-a cathode liquid tank, 9-a cathode liquid pump, 10-an alkali pump, 11-an alkali preparation tank, 12-a stirrer, 13-a direct current stabilized voltage power supply, A-raw flue gas, B-clean flue gas, C-dilute sulfuric acid, D-concentrated sulfuric acid, E-water and F-sodium-based weak alkaline absorbent.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
Embodiment 1 of the utility model: as shown in fig. 1, a carbon dioxide capture pretreatment system comprises a prewashing tower 1, a cooler 2, a membrane electrolyzer 4 and an alkali distribution tank 11; one end of the cooler 2 is connected with the lower part of the pre-washing tower 1, and the other end of the cooler 2 is connected with the upper part of the pre-washing tower 1 to form a loop; the alkali distribution tank 11 is connected with a pipeline between the cooler 2 and the lower part of the pre-washing tower 1; a packing layer, a water spraying pipe, a demister and a flow equalizing and gas distributing device are arranged inside the prewashing tower 1; the water spraying pipe and the demister are positioned above the packing layer, and the flow equalizing and gas distributing device is positioned below the packing layer; the filler layer is divided into two layers; the membrane electrolyzer 4 is internally provided with an anion exchange membrane 5, and the interior of the membrane electrolyzer is divided into an anode chamber and a cathode chamber; the membrane electrolyzer 4 is also provided with an anode liquid tank 7 and a cathode liquid tank 8; the anode liquid tank 7 and the anode chamber are connected in a bidirectional mode to form a loop, and the cathode liquid tank 8 and the cathode chamber are connected in a bidirectional mode to form a loop; a liquid outlet pipeline of the cathode liquid tank 8, namely a liquid inlet pipeline of the cathode chamber is connected with a pipeline between the cooler 2 and the lower part of the pre-washing tower 1 in a bidirectional way to form a loop; the membrane electrolyzer 4 is also provided with an anode liquid pump 6 and a cathode liquid pump 9; the anode liquid pump 6 is arranged on a liquid outlet pipeline of the anode liquid tank 7; the cathode liquid pump 9 is arranged on a liquid outlet pipeline of the cathode liquid tank 8, and an inlet pipeline of the cathode liquid pump 9 is provided with a fine filtering device; the bottom of the pre-washing tower 1 is provided with a circulating pump; the pre-washing tower 1 is also provided with a pre-washing pump 3, the pre-washing pump 3 is arranged on a pipeline between the lower part of the pre-washing tower 1 and the cooler 2, and an inlet pipeline of the pre-washing pump 3 is provided with a fine filtering device; a stirrer 12 is arranged in the alkali preparation tank 11; the alkali distribution tank 11 is also provided with an alkali pump 10, the alkali pump 10 is arranged on a liquid outlet pipeline of the alkali distribution tank 11, and an inlet pipeline of the alkali pump 10 is provided with a fine filtering device.
Example 2: as shown in fig. 1, a carbon dioxide capture pretreatment system comprises a prewashing tower 1, a cooler 2, a membrane electrolyzer 4 and an alkali distribution tank 11; one end of the cooler 2 is connected with the lower part of the pre-washing tower 1, and the other end of the cooler 2 is connected with the upper part of the pre-washing tower 1 to form a loop; the membrane electrolyzer 4 is connected with a pipeline between the cooler 2 and the lower part of the pre-washing tower 1 in a bidirectional way to form a loop, and the alkali distribution tank 11 is connected with a pipeline between the cooler 2 and the lower part of the pre-washing tower 1.
Example 3: as shown in fig. 1, a carbon dioxide capture pretreatment system comprises a prewashing tower 1, a cooler 2, a membrane electrolyzer 4 and an alkali distribution tank 11; one end of the cooler 2 is connected with the lower part of the pre-washing tower 1, and the other end of the cooler 2 is connected with the upper part of the pre-washing tower 1 to form a loop; the alkali distribution tank 11 is connected with a pipeline between the cooler 2 and the lower part of the pre-washing tower 1; a packing layer, a water spraying pipe, a demister and a flow equalizing and gas distributing device are arranged inside the prewashing tower 1; the water spraying pipe and the demister are positioned above the packing layer, and the flow equalizing and gas distributing device is positioned below the packing layer; the membrane electrolyzer 4 is internally provided with an anion exchange membrane 5, and the interior of the membrane electrolyzer is divided into an anode chamber and a cathode chamber; the membrane electrolyzer 4 is also provided with an anode liquid tank 7 and a cathode liquid tank 8; the anode liquid tank 7 and the anode chamber are connected in a bidirectional mode to form a loop, and the cathode liquid tank 8 and the cathode chamber are connected in a bidirectional mode to form a loop; a liquid outlet pipeline of the cathode liquid tank 8, namely a liquid inlet pipeline of the cathode chamber is connected with a pipeline between the cooler 2 and the lower part of the pre-washing tower 1 in a bidirectional way to form a loop; the bottom of the pre-washing tower 1 is provided with a circulating pump; the pre-washing tower 1 is also provided with a pre-washing pump 3, the pre-washing pump 3 is arranged on a pipeline between the lower part of the pre-washing tower 1 and the cooler 2, and an inlet pipeline of the pre-washing pump 3 is provided with a fine filtering device.
Example 4: as shown in fig. 1, a carbon dioxide capture pretreatment system comprises a prewashing tower 1, a cooler 2, a membrane electrolyzer 4 and an alkali distribution tank 11; one end of the cooler 2 is connected with the lower part of the pre-washing tower 1, and the other end of the cooler 2 is connected with the upper part of the pre-washing tower 1 to form a loop; the alkali distribution tank 11 is connected with a pipeline between the cooler 2 and the lower part of the pre-washing tower 1; the membrane electrolyzer 4 is internally provided with an anion exchange membrane 5, and the interior of the membrane electrolyzer is divided into an anode chamber and a cathode chamber; the membrane electrolyzer 4 is also provided with an anode liquid tank 7 and a cathode liquid tank 8; the anode liquid tank 7 and the anode chamber are connected in a bidirectional mode to form a loop, and the cathode liquid tank 8 and the cathode chamber are connected in a bidirectional mode to form a loop; a liquid outlet pipeline of the cathode liquid tank 8, namely a liquid inlet pipeline of the cathode chamber is connected with a pipeline between the cooler 2 and the lower part of the pre-washing tower 1 in a bidirectional way to form a loop; the membrane electrolyzer 4 is also provided with an anode liquid pump 6 and a cathode liquid pump 9; the anode liquid pump 6 is arranged on a liquid outlet pipeline of the anode liquid tank 7; the cathode liquid pump 9 is arranged on a liquid outlet pipeline of the cathode liquid tank 8, and an inlet pipeline of the cathode liquid pump 9 is provided with a fine filtering device; a stirrer 12 is arranged in the alkali preparation tank 11; the alkali distribution tank 11 is also provided with an alkali pump 10, the alkali pump 10 is arranged on a liquid outlet pipeline of the alkali distribution tank 11, and an inlet pipeline of the alkali pump 10 is provided with a fine filtering device.
Example 5: as shown in fig. 1, a carbon dioxide capture pretreatment system comprises a prewashing tower 1, a cooler 2, a membrane electrolyzer 4 and an alkali distribution tank 11; one end of the cooler 2 is connected with the lower part of the pre-washing tower 1, and the other end of the cooler 2 is connected with the upper part of the pre-washing tower 1 to form a loop; the alkali distribution tank 11 is connected with a pipeline between the cooler 2 and the lower part of the pre-washing tower 1; a packing layer, a water spraying pipe, a demister and a flow equalizing and gas distributing device are arranged inside the prewashing tower 1; the water spraying pipe and the demister are positioned above the packing layer, and the flow equalizing and gas distributing device is positioned below the packing layer; the filler layer is divided into two layers; the membrane electrolyzer 4 is internally provided with an anion exchange membrane 5, and the interior of the membrane electrolyzer is divided into an anode chamber and a cathode chamber; the membrane electrolyzer 4 is also provided with an anode liquid tank 7 and a cathode liquid tank 8; the anode liquid tank 7 and the anode chamber are connected in a bidirectional mode to form a loop, and the cathode liquid tank 8 and the cathode chamber are connected in a bidirectional mode to form a loop; and a liquid outlet pipeline of the cathode liquid tank 8, namely a cathode chamber liquid inlet pipeline, is bidirectionally connected with a pipeline between the cooler 2 and the lower part of the pre-washing tower 1 to form a loop.
The working principle of the present invention is described by taking embodiment 1 as an example:
a carbon dioxide capture pretreatment system uses commercial industrial-grade sodium carbonate as an absorbent, one or more of desalted water, softened water or steam hydrophobic water are mixed and dissolved, alkali liquor with the mass concentration of 10% -30% is prepared in an alkali preparation tank 11, and a stirrer 12 is arranged in the alkali preparation tank 11 to accelerate solute dissolution. The prepared alkali liquor is conveyed to a pipeline between the cooler 2 and the lower part of the pre-washing tower 1 by an alkali pump 10 to be diluted to the mass concentration of 0.5-10%, and an inlet pipeline of the alkali pump 10 is provided with a fine filtering device. The dilute alkali liquor is conveyed into a cooler 2 by a prewashing pump 3 to be cooled to 38-40 ℃, and then is conveyed into the upper part of a prewashing tower 1, and an inlet pipeline of the prewashing pump 3 is arrangedThe fine filtering device is used for removing dust particles, waste residues and other solid particles in the system. The inside of the prewashing tower 1 is provided with a packing layer, a water spraying pipe, a demister and a flow equalizing and gas distributing device; the water spraying pipe and the demister are positioned above the packing layer, and the flow equalizing and gas distributing device is positioned below the packing layer; the bottom of the prewashing tower 1 is provided with a circulating pump which is used for pumping the prewashing liquid out from the lower part of the prewashing tower 1, and the prewashing liquid enters the cooler 2 and then is sent to the top of the tower to form circulation. The original flue gas enters from the lower part of the pre-washing tower 1, the pre-washing liquid is sprayed downwards from a water spraying pipe and dripped to a packing layer to form a uniform liquid film, the uniform liquid film is in countercurrent contact with the flue gas, the temperature of the flue gas is reduced from about 50 ℃ to about 40 ℃ through mass transfer and chemical reaction on the surface of the packing, and the residual SO in the flue gas is absorbed2And SO3And (4) waiting for strong acid gas, and washing away trace dust particles in the flue gas. And demisting the purified flue gas obtained by cooling and purifying, then leading out from the top of the prewashing tower 1, and entering a carbon dioxide absorption tower. The alkaline pre-washing liquid absorbs the acid gas to generate acid substances, the pH value of the pre-washing liquid is reduced along with the increase of the washing times because the pre-washing liquid is recycled in the pre-washing tower 1, the pre-washing liquid is electrolyzed by the membrane electrolyzer 4, the alkaline value of the pre-washing liquid is recovered for regeneration and reuse, and the using amount of the alkaline absorbent can be reduced. The membrane electrolyzer 4 is provided with an anion exchange membrane 5, an anode liquid tank 7 and a cathode liquid tank 8; the anion exchange membrane 5 is arranged inside the membrane electrolyzer 4 and divides the inside into an anode chamber and a cathode chamber; when the pH value of the prewashing liquid at the lower part of the prewashing tower 1 is reduced to 5.5-6.5, 5-30% of the mass ratio of the prewashing liquid is introduced into a cathode chamber of the membrane electrolyzer 4 to be electrolyzed to generate alkaline hydroxide ions, and acidic hydrogen ions generated by the electrolysis of an anode chamber are positive ions and cannot penetrate through an anion exchange membrane to carry out neutralization reaction, so that the pH value of the prewashing liquid in the cathode chamber is increased, the alkalinity is enhanced, the cathode liquid tank 8 and the cathode chamber are connected in a bidirectional way to form a loop, and the prewashing liquid input into the cathode chamber is circularly electrolyzed; a liquid outlet pipeline of the cathode liquid tank 8 is provided with a cathode liquid pump 9, pre-washing liquid which recovers the capability of absorbing acid gas after electrolysis can be sent back to the pre-washing tower 1, and an inlet pipeline of the cathode liquid pump 9 is provided with a fine filtering device; anode chamber lead of membrane electrolyzer 4Dilute sulfuric acid is added, hydrogen ions generated after electrolysis cannot leave the anode chamber through an anion exchange membrane, the pH value is reduced, meanwhile, partial sulfite enters the anode chamber from the cathode chamber and is oxidized into sulfate radicals, sulfuric acid is generated, and the dilute sulfuric acid is changed into concentrated sulfuric acid; the anode liquid tank 7 is connected with the anode chamber in two ways to form a loop for circularly electrolyzing dilute sulfuric acid input into the anode chamber; an anode liquid pump 6 is arranged on a liquid outlet pipeline of the anode liquid tank 7, and the generated concentrated sulfuric acid is sent to a desulfurization wastewater or industrial wastewater treatment system for recycling through the liquid outlet pipeline of the anode liquid tank 7 and the anode liquid pump 6.
Claims (7)
1. A carbon dioxide capture pretreatment system characterized by: comprises a pre-washing tower (1), a cooler (2), a membrane electrolyzer (4) and an alkali distribution tank (11); one end of the cooler (2) is connected with the lower part of the prewashing tower (1), and the other end of the cooler is connected with the upper part of the prewashing tower (1) to form a loop; the membrane electrolyzer (4) is connected with the pipeline between the cooler (2) and the lower part of the pre-washing tower (1) in a bidirectional way to form a loop, and the alkali distribution tank (11) is connected with the pipeline between the cooler (2) and the lower part of the pre-washing tower (1).
2. The carbon dioxide capture pretreatment system of claim 1, characterized in that: a packing layer, a water spraying pipe, a demister and a flow equalizing and gas distributing device are arranged in the prewashing tower (1); the water spraying pipe and the demister are positioned above the packing layer, and the flow equalizing and gas distributing device is positioned below the packing layer.
3. The carbon dioxide capture pretreatment system of claim 2, characterized in that: the filler layer is arranged into two layers.
4. The carbon dioxide capture pretreatment system of claim 1, characterized in that: the membrane electrolyzer (4) is internally provided with an anion exchange membrane (5) which is internally divided into an anode chamber and a cathode chamber; the membrane electrolyzer (4) is also provided with an anode liquid tank (7) and a cathode liquid tank (8); the anode liquid tank (7) and the anode chamber are connected in a bidirectional mode to form a loop, and the cathode liquid tank (8) and the cathode chamber are connected in a bidirectional mode to form a loop; and a liquid outlet pipeline of the cathode liquid tank (8), namely a cathode chamber liquid inlet pipeline, is bidirectionally connected with a pipeline between the cooler (2) and the lower part of the pre-washing tower (1) to form a loop.
5. The carbon dioxide capture pretreatment system of claim 4, characterized in that: the membrane electrolyzer (4) is also provided with an anode liquid pump (6) and a cathode liquid pump (9); the anode liquid pump (6) is arranged on a liquid outlet pipeline of the anode liquid tank (7); the cathode liquid pump (9) is arranged on a liquid outlet pipeline of the cathode liquid tank (8); and the inlet pipeline of the cathode liquid pump (9) is provided with a fine filtering device.
6. The carbon dioxide capture pretreatment system of claim 1, characterized in that: the bottom of the pre-washing tower (1) is provided with a circulating pump; the pre-washing tower (1) is also provided with a pre-washing pump (3), and the pre-washing pump (3) is arranged on a pipeline between the lower part of the pre-washing tower (1) and the cooler (2); and a fine filtering device is arranged on an inlet pipeline of the pre-washing pump (3).
7. The carbon dioxide capture pretreatment system of claim 1, characterized in that: a stirrer (12) is arranged in the alkali preparation tank (11); the alkali distribution tank (11) is also provided with an alkali pump (10), and the alkali pump (10) is arranged on a liquid outlet pipeline of the alkali distribution tank (11); and a fine filtering device is arranged on an inlet pipeline of the alkali pump (10).
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