CN211321193U

CN211321193U - Automobile permanent magnet generator capable of automatically cutting off high-speed power generation or high-voltage output

Info

Publication number: CN211321193U
Application number: CN202020448290.7U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 周佰和; 周天娇; 周天明
Original assignee: Chongqing Vocational College of Transportation
Current assignee: Chongqing Vocational College of Transportation
Priority date: 2020-03-31
Filing date: 2020-03-31
Publication date: 2020-08-21
Anticipated expiration: 2030-03-31

Abstract

The utility model discloses an automobile permanent magnet generator capable of automatically cutting off high-speed power generation or high-voltage output, which comprises a stator shell, a rotor core, a rotor shaft, a front end cover, a rear end cover and a driven pulley; the belt pulley is sleeved on the rotor shaft, an electromagnet is arranged between the driven belt pulley and the front end cover, and a driving magnetic disk is arranged on one side of the driven belt pulley, which is far away from the electromagnet; the ignition switch, the first relay switch and the second relay switch are further included. The utility model discloses simple structure can automatic cutout power generation state when high rotational speed or high voltage output to avoid causing the demagnetization because of the rotational speed is too high, can effectively prolong the life of motor.

Description

Automobile permanent magnet generator capable of automatically cutting off high-speed power generation or high-voltage output

Technical Field

The utility model relates to an automobile power generation machine technical field especially relates to an automobile permanent magnet generator of ability automatic cutout high rotational speed electricity generation or high-pressure output.

Background

The existing automobile mostly adopts an excitation winding generator, because the generator is provided with an excitation winding in a rotor, the generator is necessarily provided with components such as a carbon brush, a carbon brush frame, a slip ring and the like in design, and the carbon brush is easy to wear in use and must be replaced regularly, so that the service life is influenced. Therefore, a permanent magnet rotor generator is also designed, and a permanent magnet is adopted as a generator rotor, so that parts such as carbon brushes and the like are omitted, and the assembly is more convenient although the parts are reduced. However, the existing permanent magnet generator has poor voltage control effect, and particularly when the output voltage is too high, the service life of the vehicle-mounted electric appliance is influenced; moreover, when the rotating speed of the engine of the automobile is increased, the rotating speed of the generator is also increased, and at the moment, the permanent magnet rotor is overheated due to the excessively high rotating speed, so that the problems of demagnetization of the permanent magnet and the like are caused, and the power generation performance, the stability and the service life of the permanent magnet generator are influenced.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The above-mentioned not enough that exists to prior art, the utility model discloses a solve current car generator structure complicacy for the car, voltage is wayward, permanent magnet generator easily causes the permanent magnet demagnetization because of the rotational speed is too high, cause generator stability poor, the short problem of life, an automobile permanent magnet generator that can automatic cutout high rotational speed electricity generation or high-voltage output is provided, moreover, the steam generator is simple in structure, when can realizing the high rotational speed of engine, the generator does not generate electricity, thereby avoid the too high life who influences on-vehicle electrical apparatus of output voltage, can avoid causing the demagnetization because of the permanent magnet rotor rotational speed is too high simultaneously, make the stability of generator better, and can effectively prolong the life of motor.

In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model discloses a technical scheme is like this:

a permanent magnet generator of an automobile capable of automatically cutting off high-speed power generation or high-voltage output comprises a stator shell, a rotor core, a rotor shaft, a front end cover, a rear end cover and a driven belt pulley, wherein two ends of the stator shell are respectively connected with the front end cover and the rear end cover, and a stator winding is arranged on the inner side of the stator shell; the rotor core is positioned in the stator shell, sleeved on the rotor shaft and fixedly connected with the rotor shaft, and two ends of the rotor shaft respectively extend out of the front end cover and the rear end cover and are connected with the front end cover and the rear end cover through bearings; on the rotor iron core, even number of permanent magnets are uniformly distributed around the rotor iron core, and the polarities of two adjacent permanent magnets are opposite; the method is characterized in that: the driven belt pulley is sleeved on the part of the rotor shaft extending out of the front end cover through a shaft sleeve and can rotate freely; an electromagnet is arranged between the driven belt pulley and the front end cover, is annular and is sleeved on the rotor shaft, and is fixedly connected with the front end cover through a connecting piece, and gaps are arranged between the electromagnet and the driven belt pulley and between the electromagnet and the rotor shaft; a driving magnetic disc is arranged on one side of the driven belt pulley, which is far away from the electromagnet, and the driving magnetic disc is sleeved on the rotor shaft, is matched and connected with the rotor shaft through a sliding key and can move along the axial direction of the rotor shaft; an adjusting nut is arranged on one side, away from the belt pulley, of the driving magnetic disk, the adjusting nut is in threaded fit connection with the rotor shaft, a return spring is arranged between the adjusting nut and the driving magnetic disk, and a gap is formed between the driving magnetic disk and the driven belt pulley under the action of the return spring in an initial state; when the electromagnet is electrified, the driving magnetic disk can be adsorbed and driven to move to be tightly attached to the driven belt pulley by overcoming the tension of the reset spring, wherein one side surface of the driving magnetic disk adjacent to the driven belt pulley is a friction surface;

the stator winding is connected with the power supply output terminal after passing through the rectifier;

the ignition switch is connected with the power supply output terminal, the other end of the coil of the first relay switch is connected with one end of the coil of the second relay switch, and the other end of the coil of the second relay switch is grounded; one contact of the first relay switch is connected with the power supply output terminal, the other contact of the first relay switch is connected with one contact of the second relay switch, the other contact of the second relay switch is connected with one end of the coil of the electromagnet, and the other end of the coil of the electromagnet is grounded; the first relay switch is a normally open relay, the second relay switch is a normally closed relay, and the rated voltage of the first relay switch is lower than that of the second relay switch.

In the technical scheme, the electromagnet and the driving magnetic disk are arranged on the rotor shaft, and when the electromagnet is electrified, the driving magnetic disk is adsorbed and is driven to be tightly pressed with the driven belt pulley, so that friction force is generated, and the driving magnetic disk is driven to rotate through the friction force; the driving magnetic disc is matched and connected with the rotor shaft through the sliding key, so that the rotor shaft can be driven to rotate through the driving magnetic disc, the permanent magnet rotor is driven to rotate, and the whole generator is enabled to generate electricity. In the in-service use process, the power supply input terminal of the junction box is connected with the storage battery, so that power is generated through the ignition switch control initially, at the moment, the storage battery supplies power to the first relay and the second relay, the first relay is switched on after being electrified, but the second relay cannot be switched off due to the fact that the voltage of the storage battery is low, and therefore power supply to the electromagnet is achieved, the electromagnet generates suction, and finally the generator is driven to generate power. After the generator generates power and supplies power for output, the generator provides voltage for the first relay and the second relay, when the rotating speed of a rotor of the generator is higher, the generating voltage is correspondingly higher, when the generating voltage reaches the rated voltage of the second relay, the second relay is disconnected, so that the power supply of the electromagnet is disconnected, the electromagnet does not generate suction, the driving magnetic disk is rapidly separated from the driven belt pulley under the action of the reset spring and does not rotate along with the driven belt pulley, therefore, the output voltage of the whole electromagnetic generator is gradually reduced, and the working stability of the generator can be ensured. When the output voltage of the generator is reduced, the storage battery supplies power to the first relay and the second relay again, and then the process is repeated. Thereby through this scheme, can adjust the generating time and the power generation environment of generator automatically to avoid causing the permanent magnet demagnetization because of the rotational speed is too high, thereby improve the stability of generator, and prolong the life of generator.

Further, the rated voltage of the first relay switch is less than or equal to 12V; the rated voltage of the second relay switch is 13.5V or more and 15V or less. Therefore, the first relay switch can be switched on after being electrified by supplying power to the storage battery, and meanwhile, the second relay switch cannot be switched off, so that power supply to the electromagnet can be realized.

Furthermore, a limiting shaft shoulder is formed at the position, corresponding to the shaft sleeve, of the rotor shaft, close to one end of the electromagnet, and a thrust bearing is arranged on one side, close to the driven belt pulley, of the limiting shaft shoulder; the other side of the driven belt pulley is provided with a limiting snap ring, a containing groove is formed in the position, corresponding to the limiting snap ring, of the driven belt pulley, and the limiting snap ring is located in the containing groove. In this scheme, through the cooperation of shaft shoulder and spacing snap ring, can prevent effectively that driven pulley from producing axial displacement in the course of the work to can guarantee driven pulley's stability.

Further, the active magnetic disk is an iron disk; therefore, the magnetic force generated by the electromagnet can be better absorbed, and the response of the active magnetic disk is faster.

Furthermore, a cooling fan is sleeved on the part of the rotor shaft extending out of the rear end cover, is connected with the rotor shaft through a bearing and is locked and fixed by a locking nut; and the stator shell is also provided with a temperature control switch, and the cooling fan is connected with the power supply output terminal after passing through the temperature control switch. Through this scheme, can be more effectively for whole generator heat dissipation to can practice thrift the energy better.

Furthermore, the front end cover, the stator shell and the rear end cover are connected together through two long bolts penetrating through the stator shell; thus, the assembly and the adjustment are simpler and more convenient.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages of as follows:

1. the structure is simple, and the transmission of power is realized by adopting the matching of the electromagnet, the driving magnetic disk and the driven belt pulley, so that the transmission process can be better controlled; the rotating speed of the rotor shaft can be effectively controlled, when the output voltage is too high, the driving magnetic disk is controlled to be separated from the driven belt pulley, so that demagnetization caused by the fact that the rotating speed of the permanent magnet rotor is too high for a long time can be avoided, the stability of the generator is better, and the service life of the motor can be effectively prolonged.

2. Through the cooperation of first relay switch and second relay switch, can carry out generator power generation control according to output voltage's size is automatic, when output voltage was too high, can reduce rotor shaft rotational speed through control initiative magnetic disc and driven pulley separation to avoid exporting the high pressure, can effectively improve generator voltage stability, and can effectively prolong on-vehicle electric life.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle structure of the present invention.

In the figure: 1-stator winding, 2-rotor core, 3-driven belt pulley, 4-rotor shaft, 5-electromagnet, 6-driving magnetic disk, 7-junction box, 8-ignition switch, 9-first relay switch, 10-second relay switch, 11-adjusting nut, 12-cooling fan, 13-locking nut, 14-temperature control switch, 15-storage battery.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings and examples.

Example (b): referring to fig. 1, an automotive permanent magnet generator capable of automatically cutting off high-speed power generation or high-voltage output comprises a stator shell, a rotor core 2, a rotor shaft 4, a front end cover, a rear end cover and a driven pulley 3, wherein two ends of the stator shell are respectively connected with the front end cover and the rear end cover, and a stator winding 1 is arranged on the inner side of the stator shell. The front end cover, the stator shell and the rear end cover are connected together through two long bolts penetrating through the stator shell; thus, the assembly and the adjustment are simpler and more convenient. The rotor core 2 is positioned in the stator shell, sleeved on the rotor shaft 4 and fixedly connected with the rotor shaft 4, and two ends of the rotor shaft 4 respectively extend out of the front end cover and the rear end cover and are connected with the front end cover and the rear end cover through bearings. On the rotor iron core 2, even number of permanent magnets are uniformly distributed around the circumference of the rotor iron core, and the polarities of two adjacent permanent magnets are opposite.

The driven pulley 3 is sleeved on the part of the rotor shaft 4 extending from the front end cover through a shaft sleeve and can rotate freely. Be equipped with an electro-magnet 5 between driven pulley 3 and front end housing, electro-magnet 5 is the annular to the cover is established on rotor shaft 4, and this electro-magnet 5 passes through connecting piece and front end housing fixed connection, and all have the clearance between electro-magnet 5 and driven pulley 3 and rotor shaft 4. A limiting shaft shoulder is formed at the position, corresponding to the shaft sleeve, of the rotor shaft 4, close to one end of the electromagnet 5, and a thrust bearing is arranged at one side, close to the driven belt pulley 3, of the limiting shaft shoulder; the pressing effect of the driven pulley 3 and the drive disk 6 can be further improved. The other side of the driven belt pulley 3 is provided with a limiting snap ring, and when the limiting snap ring is implemented, a snap ring groove is arranged on the rotor shaft 4 and is clamped in the snap ring groove. The driven pulley 3 is provided with a containing groove corresponding to the position of the limit snap ring, and the limit snap ring is positioned in the containing groove. In the scheme, the shaft shoulder is matched with the limiting snap ring, so that the driven pulley 3 can be effectively prevented from axially moving in the working process, and the stability of the driven pulley 3 can be ensured; after the thrust bearing is arranged, the driven pulley 3 and the shaft shoulder can be prevented from generating friction, and the driven pulley 3 and the shaft shoulder are damaged.

A driving magnetic disk 6 is arranged on one side of the driven belt pulley 3, which is far away from the electromagnet 5, the driving magnetic disk 6 is sleeved on the rotor shaft 4, is matched and connected with the rotor shaft 4 through a sliding key, and can move along the axial direction of the rotor shaft 4; wherein, be equipped with the spline in the inboard of initiative disk 6, be equipped with the spline groove that corresponds with the spline on rotor shaft 4, the one end in spline groove extends to and is close to spacing snap ring, and the other end extends to and is close to adjusting nut 11 to make initiative disk 6 can move in rotor shaft 4's axial, and can laminate or separate with driven pulley 3. In actual manufacturing, the active magnetic disk 6 is an iron disk; so that it can be better attracted by the magnetic force generated by the electromagnet 5, and the response of the active magnetic disk 6 is faster. An adjusting nut 11 is arranged on one side, away from the belt pulley, of the driving magnetic disk 6, the adjusting nut 11 is connected with the rotor shaft 4 in a threaded fit mode, a return spring is arranged between the adjusting nut 11 and the driving magnetic disk 6, and in an initial state, a gap is formed between the driving magnetic disk 6 and the driven belt pulley 3 under the action of the return spring. Through this adjusting nut 11, can adjust the distance between initiative disc 6 and the driven pulley 3 according to reset spring's pulling force to ensure that the electro-magnet outage back, the initiative disc can separate with the driven pulley rapidly. After the electromagnet 5 is electrified, the driving magnetic disk 6 can be adsorbed, the driving magnetic disk 6 is driven to overcome the tension of the reset spring and move to be tightly attached to the driven belt pulley 3, wherein one side surface of the driving magnetic disk 6 adjacent to the driven belt pulley 3 is a friction surface, so that the friction force between the driving magnetic disk 6 and the driven belt pulley 3 can be effectively increased, the torque transmission effect can be further improved, and the transmission efficiency is improved.

A junction box 7 is arranged on the stator shell, a power supply output terminal and a rectifier are arranged in the junction box 7, and the stator winding 1 is connected with the power supply output terminal after passing through the rectifier; wherein the power supply output terminal includes a positive terminal and a negative terminal.

Still include ignition switch 8, first relay switch 9 and second relay switch 10, the one end of the coil of first relay switch 9 links to each other with the positive terminal of power supply output terminal (behind ignition switch 8), and the other end links to each other with the one end of the coil of second relay switch 10, and the other end of the coil of second relay switch 10 ground connection. One contact of the first relay switch 9 is connected with (the positive terminal of) the power supply output terminal, the other contact is connected with one contact of the second relay switch 10, the other contact of the second relay switch 10 is connected with one end of the coil of the electromagnet 5, and the other end of the coil of the electromagnet 5 is grounded. The first relay switch 9 is a normally open relay, the second relay switches 10 are normally closed relays, and the rated voltage of the first relay switch 9 is lower than the rated voltage of the second relay switch 10. In specific implementation, the rated voltage of the first relay switch 9 is less than or equal to 12V; the rated voltage of the second relay switch 10 is 13.5V or more and 15V or less, preferably 14.75V; in this way, since the voltage of the vehicle battery 15 is generally equal to or less than 12.5V, the first relay switch 9 can be turned on after being powered on by the battery 15, and the second relay switch 10 is not turned off, so that the electromagnet 5 can be powered. The grounding is equivalent grounding, and is connected with the negative terminal of the power supply output terminal or the negative electrode of the storage battery 15 in the actual wiring process.

A cooling fan 12 is sleeved on the part of the rotor shaft 4 extending from the rear end cover, and the cooling fan 12 is connected with the rotor shaft 4 through a bearing and is locked and fixed by a locking nut 13; in specific implementation, a shaft shoulder is formed on the rotor shaft 4 at a position corresponding to one side of the bearing close to the rear end cover, so that the cooling fan 12 (and the bearing) is fixed through the matching of the locking nut 13 and the shaft shoulder to form axial positioning. A temperature control switch 14 is also arranged on the stator shell, and the cooling fan 12 is connected with the power supply output terminal after passing through the temperature control switch 14. Through this scheme, can be more effectively for whole generator heat dissipation to can practice thrift the energy better.

In the technical scheme, the electromagnet 5 and the driving magnetic disk 6 are arranged on the rotor shaft 4, when the electromagnet 5 is electrified, the driving magnetic disk 6 is adsorbed and the driving magnetic disk 6 is driven to be tightly pressed with the driven belt pulley 3, so that friction force is generated, and the driving magnetic disk 6 is driven to rotate through the friction force; because the driving magnetic disk 6 is matched and connected with the rotor shaft 4 through the sliding key, the driving magnetic disk 6 can drive the rotor shaft 4 to rotate, and further drive the permanent magnet rotor to rotate, so that the whole generator can perform power generation operation. In the in-service use process, the power supply input terminal of the junction box 7 is connected with the storage battery 15, so that power generation is carried out under the control of the ignition switch 8 initially, at the moment, the storage battery 15 supplies power to the first relay and the second relay, the first relay is switched on after being electrified, but the second relay cannot be switched off due to the fact that the voltage of the storage battery 15 is low, and therefore power supply to the electromagnet 5 is achieved, the electromagnet 5 generates suction force, and finally the generator is driven to generate power. After the generator generates power and supplies power for output, the generator provides voltage for the first relay and the second relay, when the rotating speed of a rotor of the generator is higher, the generating voltage is correspondingly higher, when the generating voltage reaches the rated voltage of the second relay, the second relay is disconnected, so that the power supply of the electromagnet 5 is disconnected, the electromagnet 5 does not generate suction, the driving magnetic disk 6 is rapidly separated from the driven belt pulley 3 under the action of the reset spring and does not rotate along with the driven belt pulley 3, therefore, the output voltage of the whole electromagnetic generator is gradually reduced, and the working stability of the generator can be ensured. When the generator output voltage decreases, the battery 15 supplies power to the first relay and the second relay again, and then the above process is repeated. Thereby through this scheme, can adjust the generating time and the power generation environment of generator automatically to avoid causing the permanent magnet demagnetization because of the rotational speed is too high, thereby improve the stability of generator, and prolong the life of generator.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the technical solutions, and those skilled in the art should understand that those modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all should be covered in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A permanent magnet generator of an automobile capable of automatically cutting off high-speed power generation or high-voltage output comprises a stator shell, a rotor core, a rotor shaft, a front end cover, a rear end cover and a driven belt pulley, wherein two ends of the stator shell are respectively connected with the front end cover and the rear end cover, and a stator winding is arranged on the inner side of the stator shell; the rotor core is positioned in the stator shell, sleeved on the rotor shaft and fixedly connected with the rotor shaft, and two ends of the rotor shaft respectively extend out of the front end cover and the rear end cover and are connected with the front end cover and the rear end cover through bearings; on the rotor iron core, even number of permanent magnets are uniformly distributed around the rotor iron core, and the polarities of two adjacent permanent magnets are opposite; the method is characterized in that: the driven belt pulley is sleeved on the part of the rotor shaft extending out of the front end cover through a shaft sleeve and can rotate freely; an electromagnet is arranged between the driven belt pulley and the front end cover, is annular and is sleeved on the rotor shaft, and is fixedly connected with the front end cover through a connecting piece, and gaps are arranged between the electromagnet and the driven belt pulley and between the electromagnet and the rotor shaft; a driving magnetic disc is arranged on one side of the driven belt pulley, which is far away from the electromagnet, and the driving magnetic disc is sleeved on the rotor shaft, is matched and connected with the rotor shaft through a sliding key and can move along the axial direction of the rotor shaft; an adjusting nut is arranged on one side, away from the belt pulley, of the driving magnetic disk, the adjusting nut is in threaded fit connection with the rotor shaft, a return spring is arranged between the adjusting nut and the driving magnetic disk, and a gap is formed between the driving magnetic disk and the driven belt pulley under the action of the return spring in an initial state; when the electromagnet is electrified, the driving magnetic disk can be adsorbed and driven to move to be tightly attached to the driven belt pulley by overcoming the tension of the reset spring, wherein one side surface of the driving magnetic disk adjacent to the driven belt pulley is a friction surface;

2. The automotive permanent magnet generator capable of automatically cutting off high-speed power generation or high-voltage output according to claim 1, characterized in that: the rated voltage of the first relay switch is less than or equal to 12V; the rated voltage of the second relay switch is 13.5V or more and 15V or less.

3. The automotive permanent magnet generator capable of automatically cutting off high-speed power generation or high-voltage output according to claim 1, characterized in that: a limiting shaft shoulder is formed at the position, corresponding to the shaft sleeve, of the rotor shaft, close to one end of the electromagnet, and a thrust bearing is arranged on one side, close to the driven belt pulley, of the limiting shaft shoulder; the other side of the driven belt pulley is provided with a limiting snap ring, a containing groove is formed in the position, corresponding to the limiting snap ring, of the driven belt pulley, and the limiting snap ring is located in the containing groove.

4. The automotive permanent magnet generator capable of automatically cutting off high-speed power generation or high-voltage output according to claim 1, characterized in that: the active magnetic disk is an iron disk.

5. The automotive permanent magnet generator capable of automatically cutting off high-speed power generation or high-voltage output according to claim 1, characterized in that: a cooling fan is sleeved on the part of the rotor shaft extending out of the rear end cover, is connected with the rotor shaft through a bearing and is locked and fixed by a locking nut; and the stator shell is also provided with a temperature control switch, and the cooling fan is connected with the power supply output terminal after passing through the temperature control switch.

6. The automotive permanent magnet generator capable of automatically cutting off high-speed power generation or high-voltage output according to claim 1, characterized in that: the front end cover, the stator shell and the rear end cover are connected together through two long bolts penetrating through the stator shell.