CN211265957U - Mutual injection solid laser with embedded polarization maintaining wave plate group - Google Patents
Mutual injection solid laser with embedded polarization maintaining wave plate group Download PDFInfo
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- CN211265957U CN211265957U CN201922054602.6U CN201922054602U CN211265957U CN 211265957 U CN211265957 U CN 211265957U CN 201922054602 U CN201922054602 U CN 201922054602U CN 211265957 U CN211265957 U CN 211265957U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses an embedded mutual injection solid laser of polarization maintaining wave plate group, solid laser includes foldable pyramid chamber, selects the polarizer and transfers Q module, polarization maintaining module and pumping module, foldable pyramid chamber comprises pyramid prism, total reflection concave mirror, output mirror, it includes brewster window polaroid and KDP transfer Q crystal to select the polarizer and transfer Q module, polarization maintaining module includes 1/2 wave plate one, 1/2 wave plate two and a slice delay plate to constitute, pumping module includes the Nd: YAG laser medium stick one, the Nd: YAG laser medium stick two and pumping xenon lamp. In the folding chamber of pyramid prism, the quality characteristic that the laser instrument exported light can be influenced because of the depolarization phenomenon that the internal total reflection of pyramid prism arouses, the utility model discloses embedded polarization maintaining module realizes rectifying to the arbitrary linear polarization through pyramid prism in the pyramid chamber, eliminates the depolarization influence, has improved output light beam's quality characteristic.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a solid laser technical field especially relates to an embedded mutual injection solid laser who protects ripples group.
Background
The pyramid prism has the optical characteristic of self-collimation, and when the pyramid prism is used as a resonant cavity reflector, the mechanical stability, the thermal stability and the beam quality of the laser can be improved. And the resonant cavity containing the pyramid can shorten the cavity length by half under the same cavity length, so that the structure of the laser cavity is more compact, and the miniaturization and the light weight are realized. In addition, the corner cube prism has six different reflection optical paths, and the mutually injected light beams are synthesized in the total reflection process in the corner cube, so that the corner cube prism is considered as a natural light beam synthesizing element and can realize light synthesis of up to six light beams. Meanwhile, when light is totally reflected inside the pyramid for three times, phase difference is brought to cause depolarization, and the quality and efficiency of the synthesized light beam are affected finally. Therefore, the realization of keeping the polarization states of the front and rear light beams of the input pyramid prism consistent is called polarization maintaining, and is a key technology for improving the synthesis efficiency and the polarization performance of the pyramid cavity solid laser.
The scheme for realizing the polarization maintaining of the pyramid cavity comprises the following steps: (1) the eigen state of the pyramid resonant cavity is utilized, a specific scheme is given in the literature 'polarization characteristic theory and experimental research of a folding pyramid prism resonant cavity', but polarization retention of the polarization state in a special direction can only be realized. (2) Polarization is maintained using a polarization modulator. That is, the polarization state of the input beam is measured first, and then the output polarization state is modulated to the input state. For example, a polarization modulator is composed of two 1/4 wave plates and one 1/2 wave plate or two 1/2 wave plates and one 1/4 wave plate, and the polarization state is modulated by the combination of the angles. The method can correct any input state, but needs to adjust while measuring according to the input polarization state, is matched with an additional algorithm, and cannot maintain the polarization in real time. (3) The diagonal cone compensation realizes the polarization maintaining, and the method comprises the following steps: the pyramid prism is coated with a film for compensation and the pyramid is added with a compensation wafer. The method for compensating the coating of the pyramid prism needs a coating process, so that the cost is high, and the coating is easy to damage, so that the reflection efficiency is reduced. The method for adding the compensation wafer on the pyramid incidence plane has low cost and high damage threshold, and the 1/4 wave plate is used in the patent of anti-detuning type solid laser (patent number: 201410374927.1) to realize polarization maintaining of a pair of orthogonal linearly polarized light, and the defects are as follows: in addition to linearly polarized light in the orthogonal direction, if polarization retention of linearly polarized light in other directions is to be achieved, a dynamic rotation wave plate is required, and polarization retention of elliptically polarized light cannot be achieved.
In order to solve the depolarization of pyramid, the utility model discloses a wave plate compensation phase shift for after the compensation, pyramid prism can be to the linear polarization state and the ellipse polarization state of arbitrary direction. According to the scheme, a pyramid prism polarization transformation matrix M is obtained through calculation, then the matrix M is decomposed into a product of a matrix H and a phase compensation wave plate matrix PH, and an included angle theta between a 1/2 wave plate I and a 1/2 wave plate II and the thickness H of a compensation wave plate are obtained. When the wavelength of light in the cavity and the refractive index of the pyramid prism are known, the included angle theta of the 1/2 wave plate I and the 1/2 wave plate II and the thickness h of the compensation wave plate are fixed values. Designing a polarization-maintaining wave plate set module according to the calculated parameters, entrusting a professional optical device company to process, and then embedding the polarization-maintaining wave plate set module into a light path of the pyramid cavity, so that the polarization state of incident light is the same as the polarization state of emergent light. In the polarization maintaining scheme, each wave plate is a passive device, polarization compensation and phase compensation are realized in a static mode, polarization maintaining can be realized on any polarization state, and a high loss threshold value is achieved.
The pyramid lasers disclosed in the above documents and patents all need to use a dual-wedge element when compensating the optical path offset, and the laser in this scheme compensates the optical path offset generated by the thickness of the brewster window polarizer by using the slight inclination of the end face of the laser medium rod, thereby not only reducing the required elements in the optical path, but also improving the working stability. In addition, the laser adopts a mutual injection coherent combination mode of double laser medium rods, so that the energy density of output laser beams can be improved, the heat effect of the medium rods is reduced, and the pumping efficiency is improved.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims at solving the defects existing in the prior art and providing a mutual injection solid laser with an embedded polarization maintaining wave plate group.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
a mutual injection solid laser with an embedded polarization maintaining wave plate group comprises a folding pyramid cavity, a polarization selecting and Q-modulating module, a polarization maintaining module and a pumping module, wherein the resonant cavity comprises a pyramid prism, a total reflection concave mirror and an output mirror, the polarization selecting and Q-modulating module comprises a Brewster window polaroid and a KDP Q-modulating crystal, the polarization maintaining module comprises a 1/2 wave plate I, a 1/2 wave plate II and a delay plate, and the pumping module comprises a Nd, a YAG laser medium rod I, an Nd, a YAG laser medium rod II and a pumping xenon lamp.
The laser adopts a double-laser medium bar mutual injection structure, and in the stage of processing and adjusting the optical path, in order to reduce optical wedge and other elements for compensating the optical path offset, the end surface of a YAG2 laser medium bar is processed into a slightly inclined surface for compensating the optical path offset caused by the thickness of a Brewster window polaroid; on the other hand, the mutual injection common passive phase-locking coherent synthesis scheme can improve the energy density of output laser beams by utilizing a double-laser medium rod structure, and simultaneously reduces the heat effect of the medium rod and improves the pumping efficiency.
In a resonant cavity of the laser, the pyramid prism plays a natural synthesis role of folding a light path and mutually injecting light beams, so that the length of the cavity can be shortened by a half under the same optical path, and the structure of the laser cavity is more compact; but also can improve the coherent combination effect of the laser beams.
The wave plate group polarization maintaining module consists of 1/2 wave plates I, 1/2 wave plates II and a retardation plate, main shafts of 1/2 wave plates I and 1/2 wave plates II keep a certain included angle theta and are respectively placed on a fixing bracket as shown in figure 4 and embedded near the incident end and the emergent end of a pyramid prism, and the retardation plate can be placed behind any one of 1/2 wave plates I and 1/2 wave plates II. After the refractive index of the pyramid is determined, the included angle theta between the 1/2 wave plate I and the 1/2 wave plate II and the thickness of the retarder are fixed values, polarization compensation is achieved through the three wave plate sets, and the polarization state of incident light can be kept consistent with the polarization state of emergent light.
The pyramid prism has six reflecting orders, each pair of orders can be regarded as mutually reverse light paths, and when three wave plates are used for realizing polarization maintaining of one reflecting order, the reflecting order of reverse propagation also realizes polarization maintaining. When the other four reflection sequences are subjected to polarization maintaining, only three wave plate sets are needed, but the included angle theta of the 1/2 wave plate I and the 1/2 wave plate II needs to be changed correspondingly, and the retardation of the retardation plate is kept at a fixed value.
In the pumping module, a xenon lamp or a laser diode can be used as a pumping light source. When a xenon lamp is used for pumping the double laser medium bars, the light-gathering cavity is of a double-ellipse structure, one focus position of the two ellipses is superposed for placing the pumping xenon lamp, and a Nd: YAG laser medium bar I and a Nd: YAG laser medium bar II are placed at the positions of the other two focuses.
In the polarization selecting mirror and the Q-switching module, when no voltage is applied to the KDP crystal, the polarization state cannot be changed, when the voltage is applied, the allowed polarization state and the allowed polarization state of the Brewster window polaroid are in an orthogonal relation, and the stored light energy is instantly released by applying the voltage to generate giant pulse light.
The utility model has the advantages that:
the utility model provides a laser instrument uses foldable mutual injection angle awl chamber structure, has better mechanical stability to can shorten half chamber length under equal optical path, make compact structure. The energy density of output light beams is increased by a mutual injection coherent synthesis mode, and an optical path compensation is formed by a Brewster window polaroid in the polarization selecting mirror and the Q-switched module and a slightly inclined end face of a laser medium rod, so that elements are saved. Aiming at the pyramid depolarization phenomenon, the laser device which can maintain polarization of any polarization state in a static mode is realized by using three wave plates.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a laser according to the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a pyramid prism; 2. an output mirror; 3. a fully reflective concave mirror; 4. a Brewster window polarizer; 5. KDP Q-switched crystal; 6. 1/2 wave plate I; 7. 1/2 wave plate two; 8. a retardation plate; 9. nd is a YAG laser medium bar I; 10. nd is a YAG laser medium bar II; 11. a xenon lamp is pumped.
Black and thick lines on the wave plate indicate the optical axis direction; the polarization directions that the linearly polarizing plates allow passage are indicated as double-pointed arrows.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a reflection sequence of the corner cube according to the present invention;
in the figure: the area filled by the crossed oblique lines and overlapped by ABC and A ' B ' C ' represents the effective incidence area when the pyramid is normally incident; o' is the center of the incident surface; o ' CA is defined as reflecting surface 1, O ' AB is defined as reflecting surface 2, and O ' BC is defined as reflecting surface 3; o ' A, O ' B and O ' C are solid edges of a pyramid; o ' F, O ' G and O ' H are the imaginary edges of the pyramid; d and E in the figure are the positions of incidence and emergence when the light is reflected in the order of 123 or 321.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an included angle between 1/2 wave plate one 6 and 1/2 wave plate two 7 in the polarization maintaining module when the solid edge O' a of the corner cube prism is vertical according to the present invention;
in the figure: the light beams are incident to the corner cube prism in the order of 132 reflections when the solid edge O' A is vertical; k represents the propagation direction of the light beam, and the polarization state of the light is represented in a P-S ray coordinate system; the retardation plate is horizontally oriented, the included angle is 0 degrees, and the retardation is a fixed value according to the wavelength and the refractive index of the pyramid prism at the moment; the black and thick lines on the wave plate indicate the optical axis direction.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of output beam polarization state measurement.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1-4, a mutual injection solid laser with an embedded polarization maintaining wave plate group, a resonant cavity of the solid laser comprises a pyramid prism 1, an output mirror 2 and a total reflection concave mirror 3, the polarization selecting and Q-tuning module comprises a brewster window polarizing plate 4 and a KDP Q-tuning crystal 5, the polarization maintaining module comprises a 1/2 wave plate I6, a 1/2 wave plate II 7 and a retardation plate 8, and the pumping module comprises a Nd: YAG laser medium rod I9, a Nd: YAG laser medium rod II 10 and a pumping xenon lamp 11.
The resonant cavity uses the pyramid prism 1 as a folding mirror, and the pyramid has the self-collimating optical characteristic, so that the light path can be conveniently calibrated. The output mirror 2 and the fully reflecting concave mirror 3 form a generally flat concave cavity.
The deviation of the optical path is compensated by the slightly tilted laser media rod 10 together with the brewster window polarizer 4 having a certain thickness. The KDP Q-switching crystal 5 adjusts the direction of the polarization state allowed to pass through and the direction of the polarization state allowed to pass through by the Brewster window polaroid 4 into an orthogonal relation when being pressurized, thereby forming a dynamic Q-switching device.
And for the Nd: YAG laser medium bar I9 and the Nd: YAG laser medium bar II 10, independent laser systems are respectively formed, and when the laser system is calibrated and debugged, the center points of two originally independent laser light paths are aligned and superposed, so that the two laser systems are mutually injected, and the final output result is coherent combination and superposition of two laser beams.
The principle of realizing arbitrary polarization state compensation by using the 1/2 wave plates I6 and 1/2 wave plates II 7 and a retardation plate 8 is described below.
There are six possible reflection orders of light inside the corner cube, and if light is reflected inside the corner cube in the order of 123 as shown in fig. 2, the light is incident from the D point position and exits from the E point position symmetrical with respect to the O' point according to the reflection characteristics of the corner cube.
As known from the document "Polarization properties of corner cube retroreflective and experimental", the effect of the corner cube on the Polarization state when reflected in the order of 123 can be expressed as:
J123＝Jr(60°)JRJr(60°)JRJr(-60°)JRJr(120°)
comprises the following steps:
wherein:
here, α is 54.74 °, n2 is the refractive index of air is 1, n1 is the refractive index of the pyramid material at that time, and β is the value in parentheses.
At 20 ℃ corresponding to a wavelength of 1064nm, the refractive index of the pyramid prism made of BK7 material is 1.50655, and the Jones matrix can be calculated by substituting the formula:
the jones matrix for the 1/2 wave plate at a rotation angle θ is:
when the included angle is 6.8541 °, the result is:
the jones matrix corresponding to the retardation plate horizontal to the optical axis direction is:
when the delay was measured 1.3180rad, the result was:
for a light beam with any polarization state, the polarization state can be expressed as:
when the light beam passes through 1/2 wave plate one 6, the incident angle axicon in 123 reflection order, 1/2 wave plate two 7 and one retardation plate 8 in turn, the polarization state of the output light beam can be expressed as:
If the polarized light passes through the horizontal direction retardation plate first, then passes through 1/2 wave plate one 6, the incident angle axicon in 123 reflection order and 1/2 wave plate two 7 in sequence, the effect of polarization retention for any polarization state is also obtained.
According to the reversible principle of light propagation, the light path of the 123 reflection sequence is subjected to polarization maintaining by using the 1/2 wave plates I6 and II 7, the 1/2 wave plates II 7 and the retarder 8, and simultaneously, the light path of the 321 reflection sequence is subjected to polarization maintaining.
When the polarization state after the polarization loss passes through the Brewster window polaroid again, a deflection angle exists between the polarization direction of incident light and the polarization selection direction of the Brewster window polaroid, and as a result, a part of the incident light cannot pass through and is reflected into the cavity, so that energy loss is caused. After the polarization maintaining module is added, the polarization state after the pyramid is rectified, the polarization direction is consistent with the polarization direction of the Brewster window polaroid, all light beams pass through the Brewster window polaroid, the pyramid depolarization is compensated, and the energy loss can be ignored. According to the above analysis, the polarization maintaining module can be used to maintain polarization of any polarization state, and in addition, the included angles of the 1/2 wave plate I6 and the 1/2 wave plate II 7 and the retardation of the retarder are fixed values, so that the polarization maintaining module can be used to maintain polarization in a static manner only by once calibration.
In the mutual injection laser cavity, the laser medium rods are generally arranged in parallel in a horizontal plane, so that the real edge O' A of the pyramid prism is generally arranged in a vertical mode, and the problem of output energy reduction caused by high-loss real and virtual edges in an optical path can be solved to the greatest extent; in addition, the scheme only needs to complete polarization maintaining in a group of reflection sequence areas. According to the rotation matrix of the coordinate system and the principle of polarization maintaining, the included angle of the 1/2 wave plates I6 and 1/2 wave plates II 7 and the retardation of the retardation plate 8 when the real edge O' A is vertical can be obtained, as shown in FIG. 3. In the figure, light is reflected in the pyramid interior in the order of 132, the angle θ 1 passing through 1/2 wave plate one 6 from right to left is 128.1459 °, the angle θ 2 passing through 1/2 wave plate two 7 from left to right is 38.1459 °, the retarder is oriented horizontally, the angle is 0 °, and the retardation is a fixed value of 1.3180 rad. Similarly, in implementing the 132 order polarization preserving, it can be calculated that the 231 order also implements the polarization preserving at the same time.
The polarization-maintaining folded solid-state laser can realize polarization maintenance even when a retarder is omitted, but is degraded to realize polarization maintenance of linear polarization states only in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction.
As the technology of the utility model, an output beam polarization state measuring device as shown in figure 4 is built, and the output energy of a laser is measured by a laser energy meter of E1000 of Xinke instrument Co., Ltd in Beijing. The analysis of polarization state adopts THORLABS, and the analyzer adopts WP25M-UB wire grid polaroid, changes the contained angle through the rotation to measure the light intensity value that different polarization directions passed through. The measurement results were: before polarization maintaining, the average output power is 16.8mJ, the maximum energy/minimum energy is 20-25, and the ellipticity of polarized light is about 13.5; after polarization maintaining, the average output power is 20.6mJ, the maximum energy/minimum energy is more than 120, the ellipticity of the polarized light is about 1.93, the ellipticity of the polarized light is close to linearly polarized light, and the polarization direction is consistent with the polarization selecting direction of a Brewster window polarizer.
The above, only be the concrete implementation of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art is in the technical scope of the present invention, according to the technical solution of the present invention and the utility model, the concept of which is equivalent to replace or change, should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The mutual injection solid laser with the embedded polarization maintaining wave plate group is characterized by comprising a folding pyramid cavity, a polarization selecting mirror and Q-switching module, a polarization maintaining wave plate group module and a pumping module, wherein the folding pyramid cavity comprises a pyramid prism (1), an output mirror (2) and a total reflection concave mirror (3), the polarization selecting mirror and Q-switching module comprises a Brewster window polaroid (4) and a KDP Q-switching crystal (5), the polarization maintaining wave plate group module comprises a 1/2I (6), a 1/2 wave plate II (7) and a delay plate (8), and the pumping module comprises a Nd: YAG laser medium rod I (9), a Nd: YAG laser medium rod II (10) and a pumping lamp (11).
2. The laser as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polarization maintaining waveplate set module in the laser comprises 1/2 waveplates one (6), 1/2 waveplates two (7) with preset included angles and a retardation plate (8), and can achieve polarization maintaining in linear polarization state in horizontal and vertical directions only with 1/2 waveplates one (6), 1/2 waveplates two (7) with preset included angles.
3. The laser as claimed in claim 1, wherein the brewster window polarizer (4) compensates for the ray refraction displacement caused by the polarizer thickness through the slightly tilted laser medium end face.
4. The mutual injection solid-state laser with the built-in polarization maintaining wave plate group as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Brewster window polarizer (4) and the KDP Q-switching crystal (5) form a dynamic Q-switching device.
5. The mutual injection solid-state laser with the embedded polarization maintaining wave plate group as claimed in claim 1, wherein a xenon lamp is used for pumping the double laser medium rods, a double-ellipse light-gathering cavity structure is adopted, the focus positions of two ellipses are overlapped and the pumping xenon lamp (11) is placed, and the Nd: YAG laser medium rod I (9) and the Nd: YAG laser medium rod II (10) are placed at the positions of the other two focuses.
6. The mutual injection solid-state laser with the embedded polarization maintaining wave plate group as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pyramid prism (1) plays a role in folding an optical path, the output mirror (2) and the total reflection concave mirror (3) are reflected to form a common flat concave cavity structure, the two parts of the pyramid prism and the flat concave cavity structure form a folding pyramid cavity, a first Nd: YAG laser medium rod (9) and a second Nd: YAG laser medium rod (10) are installed in the folding pyramid cavity to generate stimulated radiation, so that the mutual injection passive phase-locking coherent synthesis solid-state laser is formed, and the dynamic Q-adjusting device plays a role in adjusting a Q value.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114114701A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-03-01 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | Method and device for realizing polarization degradation through pyramid prism and beam splitter prism |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114114701A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-03-01 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | Method and device for realizing polarization degradation through pyramid prism and beam splitter prism |
| CN114114701B (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2023-09-12 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | Method and device for realizing polarization degradation through pyramid prism and beam splitter prism |
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