CN2112139U

CN2112139U - Universal-purpose rule

Info

Publication number: CN2112139U
Application number: CN 91226762
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张继春
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1991-10-22
Filing date: 1991-10-22
Publication date: 1992-08-05

Abstract

The utility model relates to a multipurpose ruler as an innovation of the existing tool for surveying and mapping, achieving the goal of economy and convenient use on the premise of serving the drawing functions of a T-square, a set-square and a semicircle instrument and the measuring functions of a level meter and an azimuth finder. The multipurpose ruler utilizes the principles of a catenary and compasses. With the multipurpose ruler, two capsules with different structure are additionally arranged on an ordinary straightedge, wherein, one is a gravitational capsule, and the other is a magnetic capsule. A pointer of the gravitational capsule indicates by gravity action, and a magnetic pointer indicates by geomagnetic mutual-attraction, wherein, the two indicating means are cooperated to accomplish surveying and mapping operation.

Description

Universal-purpose rule

The utility model relates to a class draws, survey instrument, more particularly, by plotting machine and the level meter that set square, T-square, ruler and graphometer are formed, azimuth mirror.

In the drawing field, using set square, T-square, ruler, graphometer at present widely.The use that must cooperatively interact of these plotting machines can be finished a drawing engineering satisfactorily.Be not easy to carry and take care of so just exist, use cumbersome and occupy the shortcoming of effective workplace.In drawing work, use these instruments back and forth instead, wasted the time, increased the working strength of drawing.And adopt these plotting machines, must increase the expense of drawing has also wasted many precious materials.About level meter, realize that at present the method for measurement levelness is to utilize spirit level, be not too easy yet in measurement, will find the equilibrium position of bubble, this has just increased the labor capacity of measuring.I had once applied for a utility model patent to Patent Office in Dec 6 nineteen ninety, and title is: multifunctional drawing ruler, but its deficiency is to map on surface level.

The purpose of this utility model provides a kind of novel graphometric square, is called isograph.The deficiency of all drawing appliances and the level meter carried above it can overcome reaches perfect condition.

In order to finish above-mentioned task, solution of the present utility model is: two capsules are installed on common chi, one of them is called the gravity box, two bearings up and down are installed in the gravity box, an axle is housed in bearing, the moving indication piece of an imbalance is housed on bearing,, on the gravity box, also is fixed with a quiet indication piece near the moving indication piece of imbalance.This structure be exactly I in structure of once applying for referred to above, it has utilized " messenger wire " principle.The service condition of this multifunctional drawing ruler is that any space angle except surface level can both be mapped, and also can be used as surveyor's staff certainly, can measure levelness and verticality, and this is much more easy to use than spirit level.Can not be in order to overcome this multifunctional drawing ruler in the shortcoming of surface level mapping, the utility model is provided with another capsule again, is called magnetic box.Its inside also is equipped with two bearings up and down, and an axle is housed in bearing, and magnetic moving indication piece is installed on axle, near the moving indication piece of carrying magnetic, also is fixed with quiet indication piece in magnetic box.This just exists the structure of two kinds of realizations.A kind of is that the moving indication piece of carrying magnetic is a needle, and quiet indication piece is the scale by " four corners of the world " calibration; The moving indication piece of alternative carrying magnetic is a disk by " four corners of the world " calibration, is adorning a small magnet on the diametric(al) of disk, and quiet indication piece is the cut on magnetic box.When the moving indication piece of carrying magnetic is aligned in finger " south ", cooperates quiet indication piece also to point to " south " position, thereby constitute compass.Like this, when drawing worked in surface level, we just saw this magnetic box.No matter the orientation of the isograph of being made up of these two capsules and standard rule is how, the moving indication piece of carrying magnetic points to orientation " south " forever, but indicated orientation is not " south " just, but inclined to one side angle, this generally also is draughtsman's the orientation that takes a seat.Keep its indication unchanged direction, mobile isograph, one group of horizontal line will draw; This isograph is rotated, make magnetic box indication orientation change 90 °, keep its indication unchanged direction, mobile isograph, one group of perpendicular line will draw.Also can draw oblique line and oblique parallel lines at any angle of reason in view of the above.Certainly draughtsman's take one's seat orientation preferably positive north, due south or due east Zheng Xi are convenient to reading like this.According to the above, use this chi and also can fix the position.When the drawing workplace tilted an angle, we also can see magnetic box, also can see the gravity box.We see the gravity box now.Isograph is placed on the drawing workplace, with this isograph horizontal line that can draw, keeps its indication " 0 " when gravity box indication " 0 ", mobile this isograph, one group of horizontal line can draw; Change the orientation of isograph, when making gravity box indication " pi/2 ", the perpendicular line that then can draw keeps indication " pi/2 ", mobile isograph, and one group of perpendicular line then can draw.Reason in view of the above, oblique line and oblique parallel lines at any angle can draw.When the drawing workplace was the upright position, we saw " gravity box ", and its drawing practice is same as above.As for the function of graphometer, among just placing above-mentioned all.

The mapping precision of this isograph depends primarily on the friction force size of bearing for axle except human factor, friction force is more little, and mapping precision is high more.Adopt the glass bearing to do the mapping precision of this isograph very high.

Owing to adopted two indicating mechanisms on the blade in the above-mentioned solution,, also can be used for the measurement in levelness verticality and orientation so can be used for the drafting of engineering drawing very easily.Again because all parts of this kind indicating mechanism all are that manufacturing is simple, material is cheaply easily looked for, so cost is very low.Also have a bit, because indicating mechanism is independently, thus also can be applied to separately on other chis, thus reach technological transformation to these chis.

The utility model is described in further detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.

Fig. 1 is the front view of the utility model embodiment.

Fig. 2 is the cut-open view that two indication boxes are looked on the left side of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is the amplification view of head bearing 5.

Fig. 4 is the cut-open view of looking up indication box of Fig. 1.

Fig. 1 has represented the positive appearance of this isograph.

In Fig. 2, at the central authorities of common acrylic glass flat ruler 1 adhere abreast an organic glass capsule 2 and an organic glass capsule 11.In the central authorities of organic glass capsule 2 and organic glass capsule 11, respectively on perpendicular to the orientation in ruler 1 front symmetrically plastic compression two glass bearings are arranged, head bearing 5 as shown in FIG. and lower bearing 7, wherein head bearing 5 is designed to as Fig. 3.At the center of overcoat 12 spring 14 is housed and withstands glass bearing 13, and the other end of spring 14 is bonded on the organic glass capsule 2 by end cap 4 and locatees.Lower bearing 7 has lacked spring 14 than head bearing 5, with the direct plastic compression of glass bearing among organic glass capsule 2.An axle 8 is housed in head bearing 5 and lower bearing 7, and it is made by spring steel wire, and pivot needs fine-grinding and polishing.Be installed with a pointer 6 on the axle 8 of 2 li of organic glass capsules, greater than the pointer head, it is exactly the moving indication piece of an imbalance to its pointer cabrage amount like this for axle 8.Scale 3 is arranged as quiet indication piece below pointer 6.About the pointer 9 of 11 li of organic glass capsules, it is a magnetic, and azimuth circle 10 is arranged below pointer 9." S " representative " south " on scale 10, " N " representative " north ", " E " representative " east ", " W " representative " west ".

Fig. 4 has mainly represented the sectional structure of head bearing 5 and lower bearing 7.

Claims

1, a kind of by the made isograph of hard material, it is characterized in that: two capsules are arranged on blade, and one is the gravity box, and one is magnetic box.

2, isograph according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: on lower casing the inside on the gravity box, be separately installed with a bearing symmetrically, an axle arranged in to bearing, uneven moving indication piece is housed on the axle at this, near the moving indication piece of imbalance, on the gravity box, also be fixed with quiet indication piece.

3, isograph according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: on lower casing the inside on the magnetic box, be separately installed with a bearing symmetrically, an axle is arranged at this in to bearing, magnetic moving indication piece is housed on axle, near magnetic moving indication piece, on magnetic box, also be fixed with quiet indication piece.