CN211207710U - Teaching experiment device for horizontal projectile motion and free falling body - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a teaching experiment device of horizontal projectile motion and free fall, including horizontal support table platform and vertical fixation vertical fixed plate on the horizontal support table platform is equipped with square groove and operation control box at horizontal support table bench, square groove follows the bottom edge of vertical fixed plate sets up in the horizontal support bench the top both sides of vertical fixed plate set up the crossbeam that outwards stretches out, and the level is provided with the guide rail between the crossbeam of vertical fixed plate top both sides, is provided with walking dolly and mount on this guide rail, is fixed with respectively on walking dolly and the mount and deposits the ball device, has placed a plurality of experiments bobble in depositing the ball device, is provided with a photoelectric sensor at vertical fixed plate upper level the last speedtransmitter that is provided with of walking dolly. The utility model discloses can carry out flat throwing and free fall motion demonstration and observation fast to student's understanding has been strengthened, its simple structure, convenient operation.

Description

Teaching experiment device for horizontal projectile motion and free falling body

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of the physics experimental facilities, especially, relate to a teaching experiment device of horizontal projectile motion and free fall.

Background

The horizontal projectile motion and the free falling body are very important knowledge points in physical teaching, and the horizontal projectile motion and the free falling body motion are closely related, so that the object in the horizontal projectile motion can be decomposed into uniform linear motion in the horizontal direction and free falling body motion in the vertical direction without considering resistance. Teachers explain knowledge points of the teachers and the students in a dictation mode in daily teaching, a certain abstraction exists in the physical nature science combining theory and experiments, the relationship between horizontal projectile motion and free falling motion is difficult to understand only by imagination of the students, the students cannot grasp the knowledge points easily, and the students need to be more intuitively taught and demonstrated through the experiments. In order to research the motion of the flat projectile body, a teaching experiment of the flat projectile body and the free falling body can be carried out, so that the two projectile bodies are respectively and simultaneously subjected to flat projectile and free falling body, and the two projectile bodies fall on the ground simultaneously, and the vertical component motion of the flat projectile body is the same as the falling body motion of the free falling body. Therefore, in order to research the law of horizontal projectile motion in physics, it is urgently needed to design a method which can not only directly observe the comparative demonstration of horizontal projectile and free falling body, but also fully understand and apply the law of motion of the horizontal projectile and the free falling body.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The invention aims to: aiming at the existing problems, the utility model provides a teaching experiment device for horizontal projectile motion and free falling body, the friction factor measuring device of the utility model can rapidly compare, observe and demonstrate the relation between the horizontal projectile motion and the free falling body motion, and visually watch the motion law of the horizontal projectile motion and the free falling body motion, thereby enhancing the understanding of students; the experimental device has simple structure and convenient operation. In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides a teaching experiment device for horizontal projectile motion and free fall, which comprises a horizontal supporting table and a vertical fixing plate vertically fixed on the horizontal supporting table, wherein a square groove and an operation control box are arranged on the horizontal supporting table, the square groove is arranged in the horizontal supporting table along the bottom edge of the vertical fixing plate, beams extending outwards are arranged on two sides of the top end of the vertical fixing plate, a guide rail is horizontally arranged between the beams on two sides of the top end of the vertical fixing plate, a walking trolley and a fixing frame are arranged on the guide rail, ball storage devices are respectively fixed on the walking trolley and the fixing frame, a plurality of experimental balls are placed in the ball storage devices, a first photoelectric sensor is horizontally arranged on the vertical fixing plate, the height of the lower end of the ball storage device is flush with or lower than that of the first photoelectric sensor, the walking trolley is provided with a speed sensor, and the walking trolley, the first photoelectric sensor and the speed sensor are respectively and electrically connected with the operation control box.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the above scheme, a buffer pad is arranged in the square groove, a second photoelectric sensor and a third photoelectric sensor are arranged on the buffer pad, the second photoelectric sensor is located on the inner wall of the square groove right below the fixing frame, and the second photoelectric sensor and the third photoelectric sensor are respectively connected with the operation control box.

Preferably, the ball storage device comprises a ball storage barrel, a miniature electric push rod and at least one layer of supporting plate arranged in the ball storage barrel, one end of each layer of supporting plate penetrates into the ball storage barrel from the outside of the ball storage barrel, the other end of each layer of supporting plate is in transmission connection with a telescopic rod of the miniature electric push rod, and the experimental small ball is placed on the supporting plate in the ball storage barrel.

In a further preferred embodiment of the above solution, an annular support platform is disposed on an inner side wall of the ball storage tube barrel for supporting the support plate.

Above-mentioned scheme is further preferred the upper surface of layer board is provided with circular recess, is provided with the convex arc supporting pad that makes progress in circular recess, and the bellied central height of arc supporting pad makes progress and the notch parallel and level of circular recess or the notch that is less than circular recess.

In a further preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned solution, the upper opening of the ball storage tube is in a trumpet shape, and the lower opening of the ball storage tube is in a funnel shape.

In a further preferable mode of the above-mentioned solution, the vertical fixing plate is provided with scale marks on its surface. In a further preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned solution, travel switches are respectively disposed on the fixing frame and the cross beam on a side away from the fixing frame.

Above-mentioned scheme is further preferred be provided with pressure sensor in the arc supporting pad.

In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the utility model can continuously and repeatedly compare, observe and demonstrate the relationship between the horizontal projectile and the free falling body movement, and can visually watch the motion law of the horizontal projectile and the free falling body, thereby enhancing the understanding of students and improving the learning efficiency; the experimental device has simple structure and convenient operation.

(2) The utility model discloses can do the height that flat throw motion and free fall were located through the accurate record laboratory ball of scale to record the laboratory ball through photoelectric sensor and do the time that flat throw motion and free fall were used, and can show on the display screen of operation control box, so that observe and experimental result calculate, can reach fine study memory effect, it is the same with the same height used time of free fall whereabouts to verify flat throw moving object, the branch motion of flat throw motion in vertical side is the free fall motion promptly.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a teaching experiment device for horizontal projectile motion and free fall of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the ball storage device of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a front view of the ball storage tube and the support plate of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a top view of the ball storage tube and the support plate of the present invention;

in the attached drawing, 1-a horizontal supporting table, 2-a vertical fixing plate, 3-a square groove, 4-an operation control box, 5-a walking trolley, 6-a fixing frame, 7-a ball storage device, 8-an experimental ball, 9-a first photoelectric sensor, a scale rule line 10, 20-a cross beam, 21-a guide rail, 22-a travel switch, 30-a buffer pad, 50-a speed sensor, 31-a second photoelectric sensor, 32-a third photoelectric sensor, 70-a ball storage tube, 71-a micro electric push rod, 71a telescopic rod, 72-a supporting plate, 73-an annular supporting table, 74-a circular groove, 75-an arc supporting pad, 76-a supporting seat and 77-a pressure sensor.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings by way of preferred embodiments. It should be noted, however, that the numerous details set forth in the description are merely for the purpose of providing the reader with a thorough understanding of one or more aspects of the invention, even though such aspects of the invention may be practiced without these specific details.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the teaching experiment device for horizontal projectile motion and free fall according to the present invention comprises a horizontal support table 1 and a vertical fixed plate 2 vertically fixed on the horizontal support table 1, wherein a square groove 3 and an operation control box 4 are provided on the horizontal support table 1, the square groove 3 is provided in the horizontal support table 1 along the bottom edge of the vertical fixed plate 2, beams 20 extending outward are provided on both sides of the top end of the vertical fixed plate 2, a guide rail 21 is horizontally provided between the beams 20 on both sides of the top end of the vertical fixed plate 2, a traveling trolley 5 and a fixed frame 6 are provided on the guide rail 21, a ball storage device 7 is respectively fixed on the traveling trolley 5 and the fixed frame 6, a plurality of experimental balls 8 are placed in the ball storage device 7, the experimental balls 8 are metal balls (such as iron balls or copper balls), travel switches 22 are respectively provided on the fixed frame 6 and the beam 20 on the side far from the fixed frame 6, the fixed frame 6 is close to the beam 20 on the right side, a fixed frame 6 and the beam 20 on the left side of the fixed frame 6 are respectively provided with travel switches 22, the travel switches 5 and a control switch 5 and a single chip microcomputer control switch 5, the travel switch 5 or a single chip microcomputer control switch 5, the travel switch 5 and a single chip microcomputer control switch 5, the single chip microcomputer control switch control the travel switch control switch.

In the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3, the ball storage device 7 includes a ball storage tube 70, a micro electric push rod 71 and at least one layer of support plate 72 disposed in the ball storage tube 70, one end of each layer of support plate 71 penetrates into the ball storage tube 70 from the outside of the ball storage tube 70, the other end of the support plate 72 is connected with a telescopic rod 71a of the micro electric push rod 71 in a transmission manner, the micro electric push rod 71 is fixed on the walking trolley 5 or the fixed frame 6 through a support seat 76, and the experimental small ball 8 is placed on the support plate 72 inside the ball storage tube 70; therefore, the experiment device carries out multiple horizontal projectile and free falling body verification experiments by storing a plurality of experiment small balls 70, and the experiment small balls 8 at the lowest layer in the ball storage tube 70 fixed on the walking trolley 5 and the fixed frame 6 are released at the same time, so that the experiment small balls 8 can be observed and demonstrated conveniently to carry out horizontal projectile and free falling body; after the experiment small ball 8 at the lowest layer is released, the experiment small ball 8 placed on the upper layer supporting plate 71 is controlled by the central controller to make the experiment small ball 8 fall to the next layer by layer, when the micro electric push rod 71 contracts, the supporting plate 71 slides out from the ball storage tube 70, the experiment small ball 8 placed on the upper layer supporting plate 71 falls onto the supporting plate 71 at the next layer due to the action of gravity and the blocking action of the ball storage tube 70, the experiment small ball 8 is released to the supporting plate 71 at the lowest layer, an annular supporting platform 73 for supporting the supporting plate 72 is arranged on the inner side wall of the ball storage tube 70, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the supporting plate 71 extends into the ball storage tube 70 from the outer wall at one side of the ball storage tube 70 to the annular supporting platform 73 at the other side, the end part of the supporting plate 71 is placed on the annular supporting platform 73, so as to avoid the experiment small ball 8 falling onto the supporting plate 71 to generate excessive vibration, the annular support base 73 thus supports and cushions the pallet 71; the upper surface of the supporting plate 71 is provided with a circular groove 74, the edge of the notch of the circular groove 74 is in arc transition, the circular groove 74 is internally provided with an arc supporting pad 75 protruding upwards, the arc supporting pad 75 is internally provided with a pressure sensor 77, the output end of the pressure sensor is connected with a central controller in the operation control box 4, the arc supporting pad 75 is a soft supporting pad protruding upwards, when the pressure of the arc supporting pad 75 is detected, a micro electric push rod 71 is started after a time delay of 5s-10s to control the supporting plate 71 to release the experimental pellet 8 to the next layer, the experimental pellet 8 is released to fall into the circular groove 74 on the supporting plate 71 for positioning, the phenomenon that the experimental pellet 8 rolls excessively on the supporting plate 71 and touches the inner wall of the pellet storage tube 70 is reduced, and the experimental pellet 8 is extruded on the arc supporting pad 75 to play a good supporting and buffering role on the experimental pellet 8, the center height of the upward bulge of the arc-shaped supporting pad 75 is flush with the notch of the circular groove 74 or lower than the notch of the circular groove 74, the arc-shaped supporting pad 75 is used for supporting the experimental small ball 8 and never influences the supporting plate 71 to roll inside and outside the ball storage tube 70, the upper opening of the ball storage tube 70 is in a horn shape, so that the experimental small ball 8 can be conveniently placed into the ball storage tube 70, the caliber of the lower opening of the ball storage tube 70 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the experimental small ball 8, the lower opening of the ball storage tube 70 is in a funnel shape, and when the experimental small ball 8 at the lowest layer is released to perform a free falling experiment, the lower opening of the ball storage tube 70 realizes a guiding effect on the experimental small ball 8, so that the experimental small ball 8 is released in the center of the ball storage tube 70.

In the utility model, as shown in fig. 1, a buffer 30 is arranged in the square groove 3, the buffer 30 is made of sponge, cotton cloth or sand, the second photoelectric sensor 31 and the third photoelectric sensor 32 are arranged on the buffer 30, the second photoelectric sensor 31 is arranged on the side wall of the square groove 3 right below the fixing frame 6 and is used for detecting the position of the experimental small ball 8 released by the ball pipe cylinder 70 on the fixing frame 6 and falling to the end point, the third photoelectric sensor 32 is arranged at the front position below the walking start position of the walking trolley 5 and is arranged at the rear position below the first photoelectric sensor 9, the third photoelectric sensor 32 is used for detecting the position of the experimental small ball 8 released by the ball pipe cylinder 70 on the walking trolley 5 and falling to the end point, the second photoelectric sensor 31, the third photoelectric sensor 32, the speed sensor 50 and the driving motor are respectively connected with the central controller, the second photosensor 31 and the third photosensor 32 are connected to a central controller in the operation control box 4, respectively.

The working principle of the present invention is further explained with reference to fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3: before an experiment, a plurality of small experimental balls 8 are firstly placed on a walking trolley 5 and a fixing frame 6 and are respectively fixed in ball storage devices 7, the walking state of the walking trolley 5 is controlled by a central controller, when the walking trolley 5 runs to the small experimental balls 8 at the A position at a constant speed, the small experimental balls 8 stored in the ball storage tube 70 of the walking trolley 5 and the ball storage tube 70 of the fixing frame 6 are released simultaneously, at the moment, a first photoelectric sensor 9 at the A position detects the current position of the ball storage tube 70 on the walking trolley 5, a first photoelectric sensor 9 at the S position detects the current position of the small experimental balls 8 stored in the ball storage tube 70 on the fixing frame 6, and the moment t when two first photoelectric sensors 9 at the same height send out laser detection signals₀₁And t₀₂For detecting the moment of releasing the test bead, the moment t of sending out the laser detection signal by the first photoelectric sensor 9 is detected₀₁And t₀₂Send to the central controlThe time t when the second photoelectric sensor 31 emits the laser detection signal is analyzed₁To detect the moment when the released experimental pellet 8 falls into the square groove 3 by free-fall movement at the position S, the third photoelectric sensor 32 emits a laser detection signal at the moment t₂To detect the moment when the released laboratory bead 8 falls into the square recess 3 in a horizontal projectile motion at position A, t₁-t₀₁The time T1, T for the experimental pellet to move in a free fall₂-t₀₂The movement time T2 of the horizontal projectile motion of the test bead is, for this reason, the test bead horizontally projected at a position a can visually observe the distance between the release position and the falling end position, that is, the horizontal displacement s of the horizontal projectile motion, so that the horizontal velocity, the movement time, the movement height, and the horizontal displacement of the movement during the initial horizontal projectile motion of the horizontal projectile motion can be visually observed, and the relationship between the movement height h and the time T of the horizontal projectile motion can be verified through the data: h 1/2 g (T)²And the relation between the horizontal displacement s and the movement time t can be verified through the data: s-v x T, it can be concluded that the horizontal projectile motion has no acceleration in the horizontal direction and the acceleration in the vertical direction is equal to the acceleration of gravity, the velocity v is obtained by a velocity sensor, g is the acceleration of the free fall (gravitational acceleration), for which it is possible to compare T1, T2, T and T for the same; that is to say when t is₁-t₀₁＝t₂-t₀₂When the position T is equal to T, the experimental pellet 8 falling freely from the position S and the experimental pellet thrown out flatly from the position A fall into the square groove 3 at the same time, according to the principle, when the walking trolley 5 runs to the positions B, C and D at different speeds to throw the experimental pellet 8 horizontally, and the experimental pellet 8 falling freely from the position S performs comparative demonstration experiments at the same time, so that the steps are repeated to realize multiple experiments, and whether the conclusion is correct is verified; whether the experimental pellets 8 thrown out at different speeds and the freely falling experimental pellets fall into the square groove 3 of the horizontal support table 1 at the same time or not can be visually found out, and the initial speed of the horizontal throwing of the experimental pellets 8 is changed when the speed of the walking trolley 5 (the horizontal throwing speed of the experimental pellets 8) is changed, so that the initial speed of the horizontal throwing of the experimental pellets 8 is changedThe falling point of the test ball falling into the square groove 3 is changed, but the time of falling into the square groove 3 is not changed (the same as the time of falling the test ball falling into the square groove 3 under the same height). Therefore, the correctness of the conclusion can be verified, and the teaching effect can be improved by visually demonstrating the experiment.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, a plurality of modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The utility model provides a teaching experiment device of horizontal projectile motion and free fall which characterized in that: the device comprises a horizontal supporting table and a vertical fixing plate vertically fixed on the horizontal supporting table, wherein a square groove and an operation control box are arranged on the horizontal supporting table, the square groove is arranged in the horizontal supporting table along the bottom edge of the vertical fixing plate, beams extending outwards are arranged on two sides of the top end of the vertical fixing plate, a guide rail is horizontally arranged between the beams on two sides of the top end of the vertical fixing plate, a walking trolley and a fixing frame are arranged on the guide rail, ball storage devices are respectively fixed on the walking trolley and the fixing frame, a plurality of experimental balls are placed in the ball storage devices, a first photoelectric sensor is horizontally arranged on the vertical fixing plate, the height of the lower end of the ball storage device is flush with or lower than that of the first photoelectric sensor, and a speed sensor is arranged on the walking trolley, the walking trolley, the first photoelectric sensor and the speed sensor are electrically connected with the operation control box respectively.

2. The teaching experiment device for horizontal projectile motion and free fall according to claim 1, wherein: the square groove is internally provided with a buffer pad, the buffer pad is provided with a second photoelectric sensor and a third photoelectric sensor, the second photoelectric sensor is positioned on the inner wall of the square groove right below the fixing frame, and the second photoelectric sensor and the third photoelectric sensor are respectively connected with the operation control box.

3. The teaching experiment device for horizontal projectile motion and free fall according to claim 1, wherein: the ball storage device comprises a ball storage tube barrel, a miniature electric push rod and at least one layer of supporting plate arranged in the ball storage tube barrel, one end of each layer of supporting plate penetrates into the ball storage tube barrel from the outside of the ball storage tube barrel, the other end of each layer of supporting plate is in transmission connection with a telescopic rod of the miniature electric push rod, and the small experiment balls are placed on the supporting plate in the ball storage tube barrel.

4. The teaching experiment device of horizontal projectile motion and free fall according to claim 3, wherein: an annular supporting platform for supporting the supporting plate is arranged on the inner side wall of the ball storage tube barrel.

5. The teaching experiment device of horizontal projectile motion and free fall according to claim 3 or 4, wherein: the upper surface of layer board is provided with circular recess, is provided with the convex arc supporting pad that makes progress in circular recess, and the bellied central height that makes progress of arc supporting pad is with the notch parallel and level of circular recess or be less than the notch of circular recess.

6. The teaching experiment device of horizontal projectile motion and free fall according to claim 3 or 4, wherein: the upper cylinder mouth of the ball storage cylinder barrel is in a horn shape, and the lower cylinder mouth of the ball storage cylinder barrel is in a funnel shape.

7. The teaching experiment device for horizontal projectile motion and free fall according to claim 1, wherein: and the surface of the vertical fixing plate is provided with scale lines.

8. The teaching experiment device for horizontal projectile motion and free fall according to claim 1, wherein: travel switches are respectively arranged on the fixed frame and the cross beam far away from one side of the fixed frame.

9. The teaching experiment device of horizontal projectile motion and free fall according to claim 5, wherein: and a pressure sensor is arranged in the arc-shaped supporting pad.

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