CN211124619U - Engineering hydrodynamics 3D flow pattern presentation device - Google Patents
Engineering hydrodynamics 3D flow pattern presentation device Download PDFInfo
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- CN211124619U CN211124619U CN201920975908.2U CN201920975908U CN211124619U CN 211124619 U CN211124619 U CN 211124619U CN 201920975908 U CN201920975908 U CN 201920975908U CN 211124619 U CN211124619 U CN 211124619U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses an engineering hydrodynamics 3D flow pattern presentation device, including liquid phase circulation conveying system, control and display system, experiment demonstration and calibration system. The liquid phase circulating conveying system comprises a fixed experiment operating platform, a circulating water storage tank, a centrifugal pump, an electromagnetic flowmeter, a stainless steel water conveying pipe and a main road valve; the control and display system comprises an experiment control box and a differential pressure transmitter; the experiment demonstration and calibration system comprises a bubble generator, a Venturi flowmeter, an orifice plate flowmeter, a sudden shrinkage and sudden expansion, a branch valve and a bypass structure. The utility model discloses flow state and demarcation flowmeter flow coefficient when complicated pipeline is flowed through to demonstration fluid that can be true audio-visual has low price, operates stable characteristics.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to this branch of academic or vocational study experiment teaching field, especially a flow pattern changes's engineering hydrodynamics 3D flow pattern presentation device when fluid flows through throttle formula flowmeter and complicated pipe-line system.
Background
On the basis of the momentum and energy conservation concept basically established in the middle school age, the science needs to establish the idea of velocity stratification and the interconversion between dynamic pressure and static pressure energy through the analysis of a fluid flow structure in engineering hydrodynamics. However, the fluid transport equation is obscure and difficult to understand, and the complicated and tedious derivation process is always a difficult problem for restricting the students to deeply understand the basic principle of fluid mechanics. Although boundary layer separation phenomena generally exist in nature, such as vortexes formed by water streaming rocks, wake vortexes formed by the tail of an automobile when the automobile runs and the like, a partial differential momentum transport equation needs to be converted into an experimental phenomenon capable of being recognized visually, so that students can master a kinetic energy and pressure energy conversion formula capable of being quantitatively verified, the measurement of the flow in a pipeline is realized, and the assistance of a teaching tool with higher experience degree is still needed.
At present, a common flow pattern demonstration instrument in the experiment teaching of the department is only of a 2D structure, cannot truly reproduce the flow characteristics of fluid in a pipeline system, and is easy to mislead a 3D structure of a student to carry out 2D simplification. Through designing a standard pipeline device made of a full-size 3D transparent material and observing the flow field change, the theoretical knowledge can be deduced from a boring formula and converted into a dynamic demonstration process, and the flow pattern change of fluid flowing through the throttling flowmeter and other pipe fittings can be more intuitively reflected. Meanwhile, the promotion of double-invasive activities of college students also requires that the experimental device can not only stay in simple flow pattern demonstration. On the basis of understanding boundary layer separation and kinetic energy, pressure energy conversion phenomenon, design, make and mark throttle formula flowmeter by oneself according to chemical industry standard through the student, guide student's normalized innovation practice activity is the utility model discloses a core function target.
The utility model discloses use process equipment and control professional experiment "engineering fluid flow" as the basis, flow pattern when the fluid flow through venturi, orifice plate, suddenly expand, suddenly contract changes and carries out three-dimensional dynamic demonstration. The multifunctional characteristic of experimental apparatus is taken into account to the project, and the student independently designs and makes throttle formula flowmeter subassembly through 3D printing according to empirical formula, and uses this experimental apparatus to carry out accurate demarcation to throttle formula flowmeter's flow coefficient. After the project is implemented, students can abstract the boundary layer separation concept from the visual three-dimensional flow pattern structure representation, understand and master the theoretical calculation formulas of the two flowmeters, exercise the practical ability of the students, carry out deeper understanding on the working principles of the two flowmeters from the two aspects of theory and practice, and realize the improvement of engineering fluid mechanics theoretical knowledge and practical knowledge.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model provides an overcome the problem that 2D flow pattern demonstration appearance can not truly reflect the flow pattern change behind the complicated pipeline of fluid flow, developed one kind can truly demonstrate fluid state directly perceived and can mark flowmeter flow coefficient's engineering hydrodynamics 3D flow pattern presentation device.
The utility model discloses a following technical scheme realizes.
A3D flow pattern demonstration device of engineering hydrodynamics is characterized in that: the device comprises a liquid phase circulating conveying system, a control and display system and an experiment demonstration and calibration system; the liquid phase circulating and conveying system comprises a fixed experiment operating platform, a circulating water storage tank, a centrifugal pump, an electromagnetic flowmeter, a stainless steel water conveying pipe and a main path valve, wherein the circulating water storage tank, the centrifugal pump, the main path valve and the electromagnetic flowmeter are fixed on the fixed experiment operating platform; the control and display system comprises an experiment control box and a differential pressure transmitter, wherein the experiment control box and the differential pressure transmitter are both fixed on a fixed experiment operating platform, and the experiment control box is electrically connected with the centrifugal pump and the differential pressure transmitter and is used for controlling the power-on and power-off states of the centrifugal pump and the differential pressure transmitter; the experiment demonstration and calibration system comprises a bubble generator, a Venturi flowmeter, an orifice plate flowmeter, a sudden contraction and a sudden expansion, a branch valve and a bypass structure, wherein the first branch is sequentially provided with a first bypass inlet, a first branch valve, a first bypass outlet and the Venturi flowmeter along the fluid flow direction, the second branch is sequentially provided with a second bypass inlet along the fluid flow direction, the third branch is sequentially provided with a third bypass inlet, a third branch valve, a third bypass outlet, a sudden shrinkage and a sudden expansion along the fluid flow direction, the branch sections are all provided with bypass structures, each bypass structure comprises a bypass pipeline, a bypass valve and a bubble generator which are sequentially connected along the fluid flow direction, and the bubble generators are used for introducing tracing bubbles into the branch sections and adjusting the quantity and size of the introduced bubbles in the branch sections by changing the opening of the bypass valves.
The pipe diameter of the stainless steel water pipe of the main section is DN32, the pipe diameter of the stainless steel water pipe of the branch section is DN25, the pipe diameter of the bypass pipeline is DN15, and the pipe diameter of the differential pressure transmitter pipeline is DN 10.
As a further technical solution of the present invention, the material of the venturi flow meter and the orifice plate flow meter is transparent material, so as to clearly show the flowing state of the fluid, and it should be noted that the structure and the using method of the venturi flow meter and the orifice plate flow meter mentioned here are the prior art that the skilled person can know.
As a further technical scheme of the utility model, venturi flowmeter, orifice plate flowmeter, suddenly contract and suddenly expand and demonstrate the part for the flow pattern, suddenly contract and suddenly expand and lie in the third branch road jointly, reduce equipment fixed investment. The branch circuit section is detachable, and the branch circuit section can be replaced if other pipelines or devices need to be demonstrated, so that the demonstration requirements of more pipeline devices are met.
As a further technical scheme of the utility model, bubble generator throat footpath department is big because of the velocity of flow, and pressure is low and have certain ability from inhaling, can with the atmosphere direct suction bypass pipeline in, realize branch road section tracer bubble's introduction. The tracer bubble will follow the fluid movement, clearly and specifically showing the change in the flow state of the fluid as it flows through the demonstration means.
As a further technical proposal of the utility model, the branch road section is provided with pressure measuring points at the throat diameter of the Venturi flowmeter and the front end of the fluid flowing direction, the orifice plate flowmeter, the two ends of the sudden shrinkage and the sudden expansion, when measuring the differential pressure of the Venturi flowmeter, the main road valve is opened, the branch road valves on the second branch road and the third branch road, the orifice plate flowmeter on the first pipeline of the differential pressure transmitter, the valve at the rear end of the orifice plate flowmeter along the fluid flowing direction, the valve at the rear end of the orifice plate flowmeter on the second pipeline of the differential pressure transmitter, the valve at the front end of the orifice plate flowmeter along the fluid flowing direction, the valve at the front end of the orifice plate flowmeter on the first pipeline, the valve at the throat diameter of the Venturi flowmeter on the first pipeline of the differential pressure transmitter, and the valve at the front end of the Venturi flowmeter on the second pipeline of the differential pressure transmitter along the fluid flowing direction are closed, measuring the pressure difference between the throat diameter of the Venturi flowmeter and the front end of the fluid flow direction; the differential pressure measuring mode of the orifice plate flowmeter is the same as that of the Venturi flowmeter, the difference is that the main branch valve, the branch valve on the second branch, the valve at the rear end of the orifice plate flowmeter on the first pipeline of the differential pressure transmitter along the fluid flowing direction, and the valve at the front end of the orifice plate flowmeter on the second pipeline of the differential pressure transmitter along the fluid flowing direction are opened, and the rest valves are closed to measure the pressure drop of the orifice plate flowmeter; the pressure difference measurement at the two ends of the sudden contraction and the sudden expansion needs to open a main circuit valve, a branch circuit valve on a third branch circuit, a valve at the rear end of the sudden contraction and the sudden expansion on a first pipeline of the differential pressure transmitter along the fluid flowing direction, a valve at the front end of the sudden contraction and the sudden expansion on a second pipeline of the differential pressure transmitter along the fluid flowing direction, and close other valves. The differential pressure transmitter can realize pressure measurement of a plurality of demonstration components, further completes calibration of the flow coefficient of the flowmeter, and greatly saves device cost.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are that.
The traditional experimental device is of a 2D structure, and only shows the function of fluid flow on a plane, so that the fluid flow in a pipeline system cannot be visually and correctly shown. The 3D structure experimental device overcomes the defects of a 2D structure, can visually and correctly show the real process of fluid flow, and meets the requirement of the existing experimental demonstration; the branch road section is removable, conveniently demonstrates other experimental projects.
The utility model discloses can carry out the flow coefficient of venturi flowmeter and orifice flow coefficient calibration experiment of orifice plate flowmeter, make the student accurately master venturi flowmeter and orifice plate flowmeter's measurement principle and calibration method.
The utility model discloses pipeline components such as venturi flowmeter, orifice plate flowmeter in the pipeline, the student can carry out the manual preparation according to relevant standard, has tempered student's manual ability and has reinforceed the clear understanding of student to venturi flowmeter and orifice plate flowmeter inner structure.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an experimental procedure.
1, circulating a water tank; 2, a centrifugal pump; 3, an electromagnetic flowmeter; 4 a venturi flow meter; a 5-orifice flowmeter; 6, performing sudden shrinkage; 7 sudden expansion; v-1 is a main path valve; v-3, V-5 and V-7 are branch valves; v-2, V-4 and V-6 are bypass valves; b-1, B-2 and B-3 are bubble generators.
FIG. 2 is a design drawing of an experimental system.
1, circulating a water tank; 2, a centrifugal pump; 3, an electromagnetic flowmeter; 4 a venturi flow meter; a 5-orifice flowmeter; 6, performing sudden shrinkage; 7 sudden expansion; 8, a differential pressure transmitter; 9, an experiment control box; v-1 is a main path valve; v-3, V-5 and V-7 are branch valves; v-2, V-4 and V-6 are bypass valves; v-8 is a valve at the front end of the Venturi flowmeter along the fluid flow direction; v-9 is a valve at the throat diameter of the Venturi flowmeter; v-10 is a valve at the front end of the orifice plate flowmeter along the fluid flow direction; v-11 is a valve at the rear end of the orifice plate flowmeter in the fluid flow direction; v-12 is a valve which is arranged at the front end of the sudden shrinkage and sudden expansion along the flowing direction of the fluid; v-13 is a valve which is arranged at the rear end of the fluid flow direction in a sudden shrinkage and sudden expansion mode; b-1, B-2 and B-3 are bubble generators.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solution of the present invention clearer and easier to understand, the present invention is further described below with reference to specific embodiments. It is clear that the technical solutions presented in the examples do not fully represent the scope of protection claimed.
Example 1.
Referring to fig. 1-2, this embodiment 1 is a demonstration mode of an engineering hydrodynamics 3D flow pattern demonstration apparatus, when the flow pattern of a fluid flowing through a venturi flow meter 4 needs to be demonstrated, first ensuring that all valves are in a closed state, sequentially opening a main power switch and an instrument power switch on a control box 9, when normal display on an electromagnetic flow meter 3 and a differential pressure transmitter 8 is observed, opening a centrifugal pump switch, slowly opening a main path valve V-1 after the centrifugal pump 2 operates stably, further opening a branch path valve V-3 where the venturi flow meter 4 is located, slowly opening a bypass valve V-2 after the equipment operates stably, modulating a certain opening degree to enable stable and uniform bubble generation in a branch path, and observing the flow pattern of bubbles in the manufactured venturi flow meter 4; the demonstration of orifice meter 5 with flare 6 and flare 7 is essentially the same as the above operation, except for valves V-5, V-4 and V-7, V-6 in the branch of the process open.
Example 2. Referring to fig. 1-2, this embodiment 2 is a calibration method for a flow coefficient of a venturi flow meter 4 of an engineering hydrodynamics 3D flow pattern demonstration apparatus, and when calibrating the flow coefficient of the venturi flow meter 4, the principle of calibrating the flow coefficient of the flow meter is accurately grasped. The flow in the venturi meter 4 piping can be solved by:
in the formula qVIs the flow rate of fluid in the pipeline, m3·s-1Directly measured and displayed by the electromagnetic flowmeter 3; a. thevIs the cross-sectional area at the throat diameter of the Venturi, m2；CvThe flow coefficient of the Venturi flowmeter 4; Δ p is the pressure drop, Pa, between the fluid body and the throat, measured directly and displayed by the differential pressure transmitter 8; rho is the density of the pipeline fluid, kg.m-3. The experiment measures the main flow of the fluid and the pressure drop at the throat of the Venturi by adjusting the flow of the liquid in the pipeline. To pair
Analyzing and mapping, and obtaining a linear slope which is the flow coefficient C of the Venturi flowmeter 4 through the fitting solutionv。
Before the experiment, all valves are ensured to be in a closed state, a main power switch and an instrument power switch on a control box 9 are sequentially opened, when normal display on an electromagnetic flowmeter 3 and a differential pressure transmitter 8 is observed, the centrifugal pump 2 is turned on to be switched on, after the centrifugal pump 2 runs stably, the main path valve V-1 is slowly turned on, further opening a branch valve V-3 where the Venturi flowmeter 4 is positioned, after the equipment runs stably, opening a valve V-8 at the front end of the Venturi flowmeter along the fluid flowing direction and a valve V-9 at the throat diameter of the Venturi flowmeter, recording the flow data in the electromagnetic flowmeter 3 and the differential pressure readings in the differential pressure transmitter 8 at the moment, continuously adjusting the opening degree of the branch valve V-3, changing the flow in the pipeline, sequentially recording the readings of the electromagnetic flowmeter 3 and the differential pressure transmitter 8, and finally obtaining the flow coefficient of the Venturi flowmeter 4 through drawing analysis.
Example 3. Referring to fig. 1 to 2, this embodiment 3 is a calibration method for a flow coefficient of a pore plate flowmeter 5 of an engineering hydrodynamics 3D flow pattern demonstration apparatus, and when calibrating the pore flow coefficient of the pore plate flowmeter 5, a theoretical formula of flow measurement is as follows:
in the formula qVIs the flow rate of fluid in the pipeline, m3·s-1；A0Is the cross-sectional area at the orifice, m2；C0The flow coefficient of the orifice flowmeter 5; Δ p is the pressure drop, Pa, between the fluid body and the orifice, measured and displayed directly by the electromagnetic flowmeter 3; rho is the density of the pipeline fluid, kg.m-3. The experiment measures the pressure drop between the fluid main body and the orifice of the orifice plate flowmeter 5 by adjusting the liquid flow in the pipeline. To pair
Analyzing and mapping, and obtaining a linear slope which is the hole flow coefficient C of the orifice plate flowmeter by the fitting solution0。
Before the experiment, all valves are ensured to be in a closed state, a main power switch and an instrument power switch on a control box 9 are sequentially opened, when normal display on an electromagnetic flowmeter 3 and a differential pressure transmitter 8 is observed, the centrifugal pump 2 is turned on to be switched on, after the centrifugal pump 2 runs stably, the main path valve V-1 is slowly turned on, then a branch valve V-5 where the orifice plate flowmeter 5 is positioned is opened, after the equipment runs stably, opening a valve V-10 at the front end of the orifice plate flowmeter along the fluid flowing direction and a valve V-11 at the rear end of the orifice plate flowmeter along the fluid flowing direction, recording the flow data in the electromagnetic flowmeter 3 and the differential pressure readings in the differential pressure transmitter 8 at the moment, continuously adjusting the opening degree of the branch valve V-5, changing the flow in the pipeline, sequentially recording the readings of the electromagnetic flowmeter 3 and the differential pressure transmitter 8, and finally obtaining the flow coefficient of the Venturi flowmeter 5 through drawing analysis.
Claims (7)
1. A3D flow pattern demonstration device of engineering hydrodynamics is characterized in that: the device comprises a liquid phase circulating conveying system, a control and display system and an experiment demonstration and calibration system;
the liquid phase circulating and conveying system comprises a fixed experiment operating platform, a circulating water storage tank, a centrifugal pump, an electromagnetic flowmeter, a stainless steel water conveying pipe and a main path valve, wherein the circulating water storage tank, the centrifugal pump, the main path valve and the electromagnetic flowmeter are fixed on the fixed experiment operating platform;
the control and display system comprises an experiment control box and a differential pressure transmitter, wherein the experiment control box and the differential pressure transmitter are both fixed on a fixed experiment operating platform, and the experiment control box is electrically connected with the centrifugal pump and the differential pressure transmitter and is used for controlling the power-on and power-off states of the centrifugal pump and the differential pressure transmitter;
the experiment demonstration and calibration system comprises a bubble generator, a Venturi flowmeter, an orifice plate flowmeter, a sudden contraction and a sudden expansion, a branch valve and a bypass structure, wherein the first branch is sequentially provided with a first bypass inlet, a first branch valve, a first bypass outlet and the Venturi flowmeter along the fluid flow direction, the second branch is sequentially provided with a second bypass inlet along the fluid flow direction, the third branch is sequentially provided with a third bypass inlet, a third branch valve, a third bypass outlet, a sudden shrinkage and a sudden expansion along the fluid flow direction, the branch sections are all provided with bypass structures, each bypass structure comprises a bypass pipeline, a bypass valve and a bubble generator which are sequentially connected along the fluid flow direction, and the bubble generators are used for introducing tracing bubbles into the branch sections and adjusting the quantity and size of the introduced bubbles in the branch sections by changing the opening of the bypass valves.
2. The engineering hydrodynamics 3D flow pattern demonstration apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the venturi flowmeter, the orifice plate flowmeter, the sudden shrinkage and the sudden expansion are all made of transparent materials and used for clearly displaying the flowing states of the fluid in the venturi flowmeter, the orifice plate flowmeter, the sudden shrinkage and the sudden expansion.
3. The engineering hydrodynamics 3D flow pattern demonstration apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the bubble generator can generate tracing bubbles for demonstrating flow pattern.
4. The engineering hydrodynamics 3D flow pattern demonstration apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the branch valve is used for accurately adjusting the flow of the branch road section.
5. The engineering hydrodynamics 3D flow pattern demonstration apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the two ends of the branch road section are connected with the main road section through quick cards, so that the branch road section is convenient to install, overhaul and replace; the branch section is connected with the differential pressure transmitter through a first pipeline of the differential pressure transmitter and a second pipeline of the differential pressure transmitter, the first pipeline of the differential pressure transmitter is sequentially provided with a pressure test point at the rear end of the protruded and protruded expansion along the fluid flow direction, a valve at the rear end of the protruded and protruded expansion along the fluid flow direction, a pressure test point at the rear end of the orifice plate flowmeter along the fluid flow direction, a valve at the rear end of the orifice plate flowmeter along the fluid flow direction, a pressure test point at the throat diameter of the venturi flowmeter, a valve at the throat diameter of the venturi flowmeter and the differential pressure transmitter, the second pipeline of the differential pressure transmitter is sequentially provided with a pressure test point at the front end of the protruded and protruded expansion along the fluid flow direction, a valve at the front end of the orifice plate flowmeter along the fluid flow direction, a pressure test point at the front end of the venturi flowmeter along the fluid flow direction, a pressure, The differential pressure transmitter is used for measuring the pressure of the Venturi flowmeter, the orifice plate flowmeter, the sudden shrinkage and the sudden expansion, and the flow coefficient calibration of the Venturi flowmeter and the orifice plate flowmeter can be realized.
6. The engineering hydrodynamics 3D flow pattern demonstration apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the sudden contraction and the sudden expansion are arranged in the third branch circuit, and the flow pattern changes of the fluid when the fluid flows through the sudden contraction and the sudden expansion can be demonstrated respectively.
7. The engineering hydrodynamics 3D flow pattern demonstration apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the branch section is replaceable, and other fluid flow patterns can be conveniently demonstrated.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113763774A (en) * | 2021-08-29 | 2021-12-07 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Series pipeline system for simulating forced circulation flow characteristics under rolling motion |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113763774A (en) * | 2021-08-29 | 2021-12-07 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Series pipeline system for simulating forced circulation flow characteristics under rolling motion |
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