CN211123228U - Device for measuring magnetic moment of magnet and metal conductivity - Google Patents
Device for measuring magnetic moment of magnet and metal conductivity Download PDFInfo
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- CN211123228U CN211123228U CN201922018064.5U CN201922018064U CN211123228U CN 211123228 U CN211123228 U CN 211123228U CN 201922018064 U CN201922018064 U CN 201922018064U CN 211123228 U CN211123228 U CN 211123228U
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Abstract
The utility model belongs to the electromagnetism field, for the calculation and the difficult problem of measurement of the magnetic moment that solves the big or small shape of magnet and differ and lead to, a measure magnet magnetic moment and metal conductivity's device is disclosed, the magnet falls in the tubular metal resonator, the magnetic line of force of tubular metal resonator cutting magnet produces induced electromotive force, produce induced-current, the secondary magnetic field that induced-current produced hinders the change in the tubular metal resonator magnetic field, hinder the magnet whereabouts promptly, along with the acceleration of magnet falling speed, induced-current increase, the ampere force that hinders the magnet whereabouts increases thereupon, when being used in the reaction force on the magnet greatly with gravity balance, the magnet reaches at the uniform velocity straight line whereabouts promptly. The Hall element and the light-emitting diode are fixed at the same distance, the Hall effect is generated through the Hall element, namely a low potential is supplied to the diode, the diode emits light, meanwhile, ADC sampling is carried out by the STM32 minimum system, the speed passing through the distance is obtained, and therefore the magnetic moment of the magnet and the conductivity of the metal tube are conveniently obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a measure unknown magnet magnetic moment device belongs to detection technology and automation and electromagnetism field.
Background
The magnetic moment measuring device and the magnetic declination measuring device can be used for measuring the magnetic declination by a novel magnetic declination testing system which is manufactured by German matrix and is relatively outstanding after 2010, and domestic enterprises also adopt the traditional coil method to measure the magnetic declination, wherein the vector magnetic moment testing system is produced by the American L DJ company (combined by L atomic Eletttrofisco) and the product of German Brockhaus company are reported at the earliest date of the last 90 years.
The declination angle measuring equipment is designed by adopting a fluxmeter to configure a three-dimensional Helmholtz coil, and has the advantages of simple principle and strong traceability. However, the requirements on the fluxmeter and the test coil are high, the requirements on the control drift of the fluxmeter, the measurement of Helmholtz coil calibration and the orthogonal installation of the coil are high, and the requirements on the resolution of the fluxmeter are high due to the fact that the magnetic moment of the non-principal axis component is low, so that the problems need to be solved by the conventional declination test equipment are solved. And the requirement on the test environment is high (the environmental magnetic field cannot fluctuate).
The German matrix test principle is adopted by the company Matesy to well solve the problem of control of drift of the magnetic flowmeter, and meanwhile, the magnetic flowmeter is insensitive to fine fluctuation of an environmental magnetic field, so that the test repeatability is greatly improved. If a rotation method is adopted for measurement, the positioning deviation of the geometric structure is well solved, the test magnetic moment M and the main shaft magnetic declination theta z are perfectly solved, and the method is worthy of great popularization and application. At present, no relevant calibration standard of declination testing equipment exists in China.
The magnetic moment is an important physical quantity in electromagnetic theory and is also important data in the aspect of magnet engineering technology. Each magnet has a certain magnetic moment. And the magnetic field created by any magnet is uniquely determined (except for spatial location) by its magnetic moment. In other words, as long as the magnetic moment of the magnet is known, the spatial location is determined and the magnetic field is determined. At present, a large number of magnets exist in the magnet engineering and the market, and due to the fact that the magnets are different in size and shape and the shapes of the magnets are possibly irregular, calculation and measurement of magnetic moments are difficult.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
For the calculation and the difficult problem of measurement of solving the magnetic moment that the big or small shape of magnet leads to differently, the technical scheme of the utility model as follows:
a device for measuring magnetic moment of a magnet comprises a non-ferromagnetic hollow metal pipe, a plurality of measuring units, a direct-current power supply, a divider resistor, an STM32 minimum system and a tripod fixing support, wherein the inner pipe wall and the outer pipe wall of the non-ferromagnetic hollow metal pipe are cylindrical, the plurality of measuring units are uniformly distributed in the axial direction of the non-ferromagnetic hollow metal pipe, each measuring unit is formed by connecting a Hall element and a L ED light emitting diode, the plurality of measuring units are connected in parallel with each other and then connected in series with the direct-current power supply and the divider resistor to form a loop, two ends of the divider resistor are connected into the STM32 minimum system through leads, the STM32 minimum system is used for recording time when the magnet to be measured sequentially passes through the plurality of measuring units, and the non-ferromagnetic hollow metal pipe is vertically and fixedly placed.
Preferably, a level gauge and a horizontal adjusting screw are arranged on the tripod fixing support. All set up horizontal adjusting screw on the three supporting legs of tripod, adjust through the spirit level and make non-ferromagnetic hollow metal pipe be located vertical state.
Preferably, the device also comprises a vacuum extractor, and the non-ferromagnetic hollow metal tube is arranged in the vacuum extractor. The device is placed in a vacuum environment, so that the air resistance can be reduced, and the measurement precision is further improved.
The working principle of the scheme is as follows:
firstly, under the condition that no magnetic field exists around the Hall element, the No. 1 pin outputs high level, the light-emitting diode is not conducted, and at the moment, the power in the unit is very small, and the unit can also be understood as very small current; when the magnet passes through the device at an instant, namely a magnetic field is arranged around the Hall element, the No. 1 pin outputs low level, the light-emitting diode is conducted, the power in the unit is increased, namely the current is increased. At the moment, the sampling resistor used by the device converts a current signal into a voltage signal, acquires the voltage signal in turn, sends the voltage signal into an STM32 minimum system, and converts an analog signal into a processable digital signal; when a magnet to be measured passes through the corresponding measuring unit, and when the magnet to be measured passes through the corresponding measuring unit, the Hall element in the corresponding measuring unit senses a magnetic field, the signal output end of the Hall element outputs a low level, and the diode emits light; STM32 minimum system recording time information when the voltage across the signal divider resistor is maximum. The magnetic moment of the magnet is related to the terminating speed, the terminating speed approaches to the final average speed, and the calculation formula is as follows: magnetic moment of magnet
Wherein
μ0＝4π×10-7T·m/A,vTIs the terminal speed of magnet fall, m is the magnet massBThe magnetic moment of the magnet, sigma is the electrical conductivity of the non-ferromagnetic hollow metal tube, and a and b are the inner and outer radiuses of the non-ferromagnetic hollow metal tube respectively.
An apparatus for measuring the conductivity of a non-ferromagnetic metal tube, comprising: the device comprises a magnet with known magnetic moment, a clamping device, a non-ferromagnetic hollow metal pipe to be measured, a plurality of measuring units, a direct-current power supply, a voltage-dividing resistor, an STM32 minimum system and a tripod fixing support for fixing the non-ferromagnetic hollow metal pipe;
the inner pipe wall and the outer pipe wall of the non-ferromagnetic hollow metal pipe are both cylindrical surfaces;
the plurality of measuring units are uniformly distributed along the axial direction of the non-ferromagnetic hollow metal pipe;
the measuring unit is formed by connecting a Hall element with L ED light-emitting diodes;
a plurality of measuring units are connected in parallel and then connected in series with a direct current power supply and a divider resistor to form a loop; two ends of the divider resistor are connected into the STM32 minimum system through leads;
the STM32 minimum system is used for recording the time when the magnet to be measured sequentially passes through the plurality of measuring units;
the clamping device is arranged above the non-ferromagnetic hollow metal pipe to be detected; the clamping device is used for clamping a magnet with known magnetic moment.
The device for measuring the magnetic moment of the magnet is well connected when the conductivity of the non-ferromagnetic metal pipe is measured;
2) releasing the magnet of known magnetic moment when the clamping device is released; and sampling is performed to collect data.
3) Applying a formula: magnetic moment of magnet
Wherein
The magnetic moment of the magnet is determined.
According to the technical scheme, the qualitative research of the traditional electromagnetic induction experiment on the falling magnet is combined with the Hall effect, and the quantitative determination of the unknown permanent magnet and the conductivity is realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below.
FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a branch circuit of a measurement unit disclosed in this embodiment;
wherein: 1. a Hall element; 2. a light emitting diode.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a measuring apparatus according to the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a plurality of measuring units uniformly distributed along the axial direction of a non-ferromagnetic hollow metal tube;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a circuit layout;
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
Example one
The utility model provides a measure device of magnet moment, as shown in fig. 1-3, a measure device of magnet moment, non-ferromagnetic hollow metal pipe, a plurality of measuring unit, DC power supply, divider resistance, STM32 minimum system, tripod fixed bolster, the intraductal pipe wall of non-ferromagnetic hollow metal and outer pipe wall are the cylinder surface, a plurality of measuring unit is evenly distributed along non-ferromagnetic hollow metal pipe axis direction, measuring unit is connected by Hall element 1 and L ED emitting diode 2 and is constituteed, connect in parallel each other between a plurality of measuring unit and establish ties into the return circuit with DC power supply, divider resistance both ends through the wire access the STM32 minimum system, the minimum system of STM32 is used for recording the time when magnet that awaits measuring loops through a plurality of measuring unit, non-ferromagnetic hollow metal pipe is vertical fixed and is placed on the tripod fixed bolster.
Fig. 4 shows a design example of a nine-set measuring unit, direct current power supply, voltage dividing resistor and STM32 minimum system.
The Hall element is a sensor for detecting the passing state of the magnet, and the passing time is measured by using an STM32 minimum system, the magnetic moment of the magnet is related to the terminating speed, and the terminating speed approaches to the final average speed, and the calculation formula is as follows: magnetic moment of magnet
Wherein
The diameter of the magnet is slightly smaller than that of the copper tube, a non-ferromagnetic metal tube is supported by a tripod, a PCB circuit board is adhered to the surface of the metal tube, 27 groups of Hall elements and L ED light-emitting diodes which are connected in parallel are welded on the surface of the metal tube, a potentiometer is connected in series, the whole device is connected with an STM32 minimum system for sampling, the Hall elements and the L ED light-emitting diodes are connected in series, the signal end of the Hall elements is connected with L ED light-emitting diodes, and when the magnet passes through, the L ED light-emitting diodes emit light when receiving signals;the Hall elements and L ED LEDs connected in series in each group are equidistant from the next group, the potentiometer is used for adjusting the voltage of the series resistor, and the STM32 minimum system records the time when the magnet passes through the two adjacent groups of L ED LEDs.
The method is characterized in that a circuit board is adhered to the surface of a metal tube, 27 groups of Hall elements and L ED light emitting diodes which are connected in parallel are welded on the metal tube, a potentiometer is connected in series, the whole device is connected with an STM32 minimum system for sampling, the STM32 minimum system is connected with an HMI screen, the Hall elements and the diodes are connected in series, a signal end of each Hall element is connected with a L ED light emitting diode, when a magnet passes through, a signal is received, the signal is transmitted to an L ED light emitting diode, the interval between each group of serially connected Hall elements and L ED light emitting diodes and the next group is equal, the potentiometer is used for adjusting the voltage of a series resistor, a program for recording the time when the magnet passes through two adjacent groups of L ED light emitting diodes is recorded in the STM32 minimum system, the HMI screen is used for observing acquired data, a single chip microcomputer in the STM32 minimum system is F103C8T6 in one embodiment.
The step of measuring the magnetic moment of the magnet by using the device for measuring the magnetic moment of the magnet comprises the following steps:
1) integrally connecting the device for measuring the magnetic moment of the magnet in the first embodiment;
2) dropping a magnet at a proper distance above the non-ferromagnetic hollow metal tube, and sampling to collect data;
3) applying a formula: magnetic moment of magnet
Wherein
The magnetic moment of the magnet is determined.
The experimental and theoretical calculation procedures for the measurement of the magnetic moment of the magnet are as follows:
the speed v of the magnet is measured by the Hall element and the embedded system through the movement of the magnet in a certain device, and the magnetic moment m of the magnet can be calculated through a speed change formula of the magnet and other related formulas and important parameters.
Magnet velocity versus time of
Where τ is a time constant, which can be determined by
And wherein k satisfies the following formula
Wherein, mu0＝4π×10-7T·m/A,vTIs the terminal velocity of the magnet, m is the falling magnet mass, mBThe magnetic moment of the falling magnet, sigma the conductivity of the metal tube, and a and b the inner and outer radii of the metal tube, respectively. By calculating the final velocity of the falling magnet as
Experiment by measuring the end velocity v of the magnetTAnd a magnet mass m, and a k value can be calculated according to equation (4). The magnetic moment m can be calculated by using the formula (3)BWherein the electrical conductivity σ of the metal tube is detectable and the inner and outer radii a, b of the metal tube are detectable.
Actually measured data:
a specific example: the distance between each group of Hall elements is 5cm, the mass m of one magnet is 3.44g, the outer diameter a of the metal tube is 30.06mm, the inner diameter b of the metal tube is 19.50mm, and the data obtained by one selected experiment are as follows: unit: (ms)
As can be seen from the table data, the time from the time when the magnet falls to the 11 th hall element to the time when the magnet passes through a certain distance is about 151ms, and this state continues until the end, and it can be determined that the magnet has already started to perform a uniform linear motion when the magnet reaches the 11 th hall element.
σ＝5.7×107S/m
Find mB＝3.89×10-5A·m2
Example two
An apparatus for measuring the conductivity of a non-ferromagnetic metal tube, comprising: the device comprises a magnet with known magnetic moment, a clamping device, a non-ferromagnetic hollow metal pipe to be measured, a plurality of measuring units, a direct-current power supply, a voltage-dividing resistor, an STM32 minimum system and a tripod fixing support for fixing the non-ferromagnetic hollow metal pipe; the inner pipe wall and the outer pipe wall of the non-ferromagnetic hollow metal pipe are both cylindrical surfaces;
the measuring units are uniformly distributed in the axial direction of the non-ferromagnetic hollow metal pipe and are formed by connecting Hall elements and L ED light-emitting diodes, the measuring units are connected in parallel with one another and then connected in series with a direct-current power supply and a divider resistor to form a loop, two ends of the divider resistor are connected into the STM32 minimum system through leads, the STM32 minimum system is used for recording the time of a magnet to be measured when the magnet to be measured sequentially passes through the measuring units, the clamping device is arranged above the non-ferromagnetic hollow metal pipe to be measured, and the clamping device is used for clamping the magnet with known magnetic moment.
The method for measuring the conductivity of the non-ferromagnetic metal pipe by using the device comprises the following steps:
1) integrally connecting the device for measuring the magnetic moment of the magnet in the first embodiment;
2) dropping a known magnetic moment m at a proper distance above the non-ferromagnetic hollow metal tubeBThe magnet of (1); and sampling and collectingData;
3) applying a formula: conductivity of non-ferromagnetic hollow metal tube
Where ρ is the resistivity of the non-ferromagnetic hollow metal tube, m is the falling body mass, m is the resistivity of the hollow metal tubeBIs the magnetic moment of the falling magnet, vTThe final speed of the falling magnet is obtained, and the conductivity of the magnet is obtained.
In the technical scheme of the utility model, the magnet falls in the metal tube, the metal tube cuts the magnetic force line of the magnet to generate induced electromotive force, thereby generating induced current, the secondary magnetic field generated by the induced current obstructs the change of the magnetic field in the metal tube, namely obstructs the falling of the magnet, and the falling acceleration of the magnet is gradually reduced; along with the increase of the falling speed of the magnet, the induced current is increased, the generated ampere force for obstructing the falling of the magnet is increased, and the reaction force acts on the magnet; when the reaction force acting on the magnet is large enough to balance with the gravity, the magnet falls down linearly at a constant speed. A group of Hall elements and light-emitting diodes are fixed at equal intervals, Hall effect occurs through the Hall elements, namely a low potential is given to the diodes, the diodes emit light, meanwhile, ADC sampling is carried out by a minimum STM32 system, the time used by the distance is obtained, the speed passing through the distance can be obtained, and therefore the magnetic moment of the magnet is obtained through a formula.
The technical scheme of the utility model be not limited to measure conductivity, magnetic moment, still can expand out other measurement function on indirect measurement's basis. The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. An apparatus for measuring a magnetic moment of a magnet, comprising: the device comprises a non-ferromagnetic hollow metal pipe, a plurality of measuring units, a direct-current power supply, a voltage-dividing resistor, an STM32 minimum system and a tripod fixing support for fixing the non-ferromagnetic hollow metal pipe;
the inner pipe wall and the outer pipe wall of the non-ferromagnetic hollow metal pipe are both cylindrical surfaces;
the plurality of measuring units are uniformly distributed along the axial direction of the non-ferromagnetic hollow metal pipe;
the measuring unit is formed by connecting a Hall element with L ED light-emitting diodes;
a plurality of measuring units are connected in parallel and then connected in series with a direct current power supply and a divider resistor to form a loop; two ends of the divider resistor are connected into the STM32 minimum system through leads;
the STM32 minimum system is used for recording the time when the magnet to be measured sequentially passes through the plurality of measuring units;
the non-ferromagnetic hollow metal pipe is vertically and fixedly placed on the tripod fixing support.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein when a magnet to be measured passes through the corresponding measuring unit, the hall element in the corresponding measuring unit senses a magnetic field, the signal output terminal of the hall element outputs a low level, and the diode emits light; STM32 minimum system recording time information when the voltage across the signal divider resistor is maximum.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a level and leveling screw are provided on the tripod mounting bracket.
4. An apparatus for measuring the magnetic moment of a magnet according to claim 1, further comprising a vacuum means, wherein said non-ferromagnetic hollow metal tube is placed in said vacuum means.
5. An apparatus for measuring the conductivity of a non-ferromagnetic metal tube, comprising: the device comprises a magnet with known magnetic moment, a clamping device, a non-ferromagnetic hollow metal pipe to be measured, a plurality of measuring units, a direct-current power supply, a voltage-dividing resistor, an STM32 minimum system and a tripod fixing support for fixing the non-ferromagnetic hollow metal pipe;
the inner pipe wall and the outer pipe wall of the non-ferromagnetic hollow metal pipe are both cylindrical surfaces;
the plurality of measuring units are uniformly distributed along the axial direction of the non-ferromagnetic hollow metal pipe;
the measuring unit is formed by connecting a Hall element with L ED light-emitting diodes;
a plurality of measuring units are connected in parallel and then connected in series with a direct current power supply and a divider resistor to form a loop; two ends of the divider resistor are connected into the STM32 minimum system through leads;
the STM32 minimum system is used for recording the time when the magnet to be measured sequentially passes through the plurality of measuring units;
the clamping device is arranged above the non-ferromagnetic hollow metal pipe to be detected; the clamping device is used for clamping a magnet with known magnetic moment.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201922018064.5U CN211123228U (en) | 2019-11-21 | 2019-11-21 | Device for measuring magnetic moment of magnet and metal conductivity |
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| CN201922018064.5U CN211123228U (en) | 2019-11-21 | 2019-11-21 | Device for measuring magnetic moment of magnet and metal conductivity |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112505417A (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2021-03-16 | 天津大学 | Method for measuring resistivity of conductor material |
| RU2774178C2 (en) * | 2020-10-13 | 2022-06-15 | Федеральное государственное казенное военное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Военный учебно-научный центр Военно-воздушных сил "Военно-воздушная академия имени профессора Н.Е. Жуковского и Ю.А. Гагарина" (г. Воронеж) Министерства обороны Российской Федерации | Apparatus for measuring the magnetic moment of objects |
-
2019
- 2019-11-21 CN CN201922018064.5U patent/CN211123228U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2774178C2 (en) * | 2020-10-13 | 2022-06-15 | Федеральное государственное казенное военное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Военный учебно-научный центр Военно-воздушных сил "Военно-воздушная академия имени профессора Н.Е. Жуковского и Ю.А. Гагарина" (г. Воронеж) Министерства обороны Российской Федерации | Apparatus for measuring the magnetic moment of objects |
| CN112505417A (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2021-03-16 | 天津大学 | Method for measuring resistivity of conductor material |
| CN112505417B (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2022-12-09 | 天津大学 | Method for measuring resistivity of conductor material |
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