CN211034792U - Elevator energy dissipation and shock absorption device - Google Patents
Elevator energy dissipation and shock absorption device Download PDFInfo
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- CN211034792U CN211034792U CN201920861057.9U CN201920861057U CN211034792U CN 211034792 U CN211034792 U CN 211034792U CN 201920861057 U CN201920861057 U CN 201920861057U CN 211034792 U CN211034792 U CN 211034792U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses an elevator power consumption damping device, include: the first end of the wind screen extends to an elevator shaft and is positioned in an aperture between the wall of the elevator shaft and an elevator car, the second end of the wind screen is connected with a steel safety device fixed in the wall body of the elevator shaft, and a tearing opening is formed at the joint of the second end of the wind screen and the steel safety device in the wall body; the first end of the decelerating sheet is connected with a rolling shaft arranged below the inner side of a steel safety device in an elevator shaft, the rolling shaft is made of stainless steel materials, so that the friction force borne by the decelerating sheet during rotation is as small as possible, the second end of the decelerating sheet is in contact with the second end of the wind shield, and the middle part of the decelerating sheet is connected with the inner wall of the groove body through a designed spring; and an energy dissipation curved ring is arranged on the outer wall of the wall body below the speed reduction sheet. The utility model discloses an elevator power consumption damping device has improved the security of elevator, has protected passenger life safety.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an elevator safety technical field especially indicates an elevator power consumption damping device.
Background
The elevator is used as a vertical transportation means in a building, the safety performance of the elevator is extremely important, and the current devices for protecting the safety of the elevator mainly comprise: overspeed governor and safety tongs, buffer and terminal surpass protection device.
Speed limiter and safety tongs: the speed limiter can reflect the actual running speed of the car or the counterweight, when the running speed of the elevator reaches or exceeds the limit speed (generally 115% of the normal running speed), the speed limiter stops running, a connecting rod mechanism arranged on the car is lifted, a signal is sent out through mechanical motion, a control circuit is cut off, the safety tongs are forced to act, and the elevator car is forced to stop. If the safety tongs are not reset, the elevator cannot normally run, so the speed limiter plays a role in detecting when the elevator exceeds the speed.
A buffer: the buffer is the last safety device when the elevator is dropped, and when all protection measures fail, the car with larger speed and energy can rush to the bottom layer, thereby causing serious results. The buffer is provided to absorb and dissipate the energy of the elevator falling, and is generally installed on both the counterweight side and the car side.
The terminal surpasses the protection device: the device is used for preventing the failure of an electrical system of the elevator, the car still continues to run after passing through the upper end and the lower end, and then top-rushing or bottom-rushing accidents occur, and the device is arranged on the upper terminal bracket and the lower terminal bracket of the car guide rail. When the elevator is out of control, the upper beating plate of the elevator is pressed with the forced speed reduction switch to force the elevator to stop.
Therefore, the safety of the elevator is in charge of the three devices in a division manner, when the elevator falls down, the elevator is forced to stop by the action of the speed limiter, when the speed limiter fails and a rope is broken, only the buffer can play a certain buffering and energy dissipation role, and a plurality of documents show that the safety protection function of the buffer can play a role only when the falling height (the buffer away from the bottom of an elevator foundation pit) of the elevator is only one to three layers, the height of a modern building is more than dozens of layers and even hundreds of layers, if the speed limiter fails at a higher floor, the elevator falls down, and people in the elevator inevitably encounter failure. And the terminal override protection only limits the elevator to not exceed the end, which in this case cannot perform the safety function.
In related researches, a multi-stage fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is adopted to perform comprehensive safety evaluation on 102 old residential elevators in Nanjing city which are used for more than 10 years, and found that 94% of old elevators are in middle abnormal (level IV) and dangerous (level III) grades, the problems are too serious to be in the numbers of the indexes of dangerous (level V) and safer (level II), basically no elevator is in the safety grade, the highest index reject ratio is 97.1% and 94.1% of brake mechanical parts, frequent use conditions and load conditions, respectively, and the maintenance quality reject ratio is 72.5%, so that the elevators using for many years cannot be maintained safely in place, and the elevator needs to be additionally provided with a passive safety device which does not depend on electric power outside the safety equipment of the elevator.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In view of this, the present invention provides an elevator energy dissipation and damping device for solving the problem of elevator safety decrease in the related art.
According to the utility model discloses a first aspect provides an elevator power consumption damping device, include: the wind shield is arranged at a gap between an elevator car and an elevator shaft, a first end of the wind shield extends to the elevator shaft, a second end of the wind shield is connected to the outer wall of the elevator energy dissipation and damping device, a tearing opening is formed at the joint of the second end of the wind shield and the outer wall of the wall body, and when an external force applied to the wind shield is greater than a threshold value, the wind shield is torn along the tearing opening and separated from the outer wall of the wall body; the first end of the decelerating sheet is connected with the inner wall of a groove body formed in the wall body of the elevator hoistway, the second end of the decelerating sheet is in contact with the second end of the wind shield, and the middle part of the decelerating sheet is connected with the inner wall of the groove body through an elastic component; an energy dissipation curved ring is arranged on the outer wall of the wall body below the speed reduction piece, when the second end of the speed reduction piece is impacted by the descending elevator speed reduction impact angle, the second end of the speed reduction piece moves along the stress direction and is pushed by the elastic component, when the speed reduction piece is impacted to be in contact with the upper end of a vertical plate outside the energy dissipation curved ring, the vertical plate moves downwards, and the energy dissipation curved ring is stressed and yields under the driving of the vertical plate.
Optionally, the vertical plates are rigid plates, the rigid plates and the energy dissipation curved rings are fixed on the wall body in a penetrating mode through bolts, and the height of each rigid plate is higher than that of each energy dissipation curved ring on the wall body.
Optionally, the speed reduction piece is made of mild steel.
Optionally, the elevator includes a rigid exoskeleton that encases the elevator car.
Optionally, the apparatus further comprises: the elastic limiting structure is arranged between the elevator car and the rigid outer framework of the elevator, and an elastic component in the elastic limiting structure is compressed when the elevator car moves downwards relative to the rigid outer framework of the elevator.
Optionally, the elevator car and the rigid outer framework of the elevator are in weak connection.
Optionally, the apparatus further comprises: the steel shell is arranged on the inner wall of the groove body, and a stiffening plate is arranged on the back of the steel shell.
Optionally, the energy dissipation curved ring is fixed on the outer wall of the wall body through bolts.
Optionally, the apparatus is mounted on a reinforced concrete beam in the elevator hoistway.
Optionally, four devices are installed on concrete beams on two sides of the elevator shaft, and the elevations of the four devices are consistent.
From the foregoing, the elevator energy dissipation damping device of the utility model utilizes the bending deformation after the reduction gears and the energy dissipation curved ring yield to consume the energy in the elevator descending process, effectively buffers the impact force generated by the elevator descending and prolongs the impact time when the elevator descends, and improves the safety of the elevator.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an elevator energy dissipating and shock absorbing device according to an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a deceleration strip deformed by an elevator deceleration rigid angle impact according to an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view illustrating the installation of a dissipative vibration damping device according to an exemplary embodiment;
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of an initial position of an elevator car in contact with an elevator dissipative vibration damping device according to an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a front elevation of a dissipative vibration damping device according to an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view of a dissipative vibration damping device according to an exemplary embodiment shown mounted on a wall;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a windshield according to an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a wind deflector shown in a 3-3 plane according to an exemplary embodiment;
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating separation of an inner barrel of an elevator car from an outer frame of the elevator under impact according to an exemplary embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It should be noted that all expressions using "first" and "second" in the embodiments of the present invention are used for distinguishing two entities with the same name but different names or different parameters, and it is understood that "first" and "second" are only used for convenience of expression and should not be understood as limitations to the embodiments of the present invention, and the following embodiments do not describe any more.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view illustrating an energy consuming and damping apparatus for an elevator according to an exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the apparatus comprising:
The wind screen (6) is arranged at a gap between an elevator car and an elevator hoistway, a first end of the wind screen (6) extends to the elevator hoistway, a second end of the wind screen (6) is connected to the outer wall of the elevator energy dissipation and damping device, for example, as shown in fig. 1, the wind screen (6) is connected with the inner wall of the lower right corner of the elevator energy dissipation and damping device through a stainless steel roller shaft, a tearing opening is formed at the connection position of the second end of the wind screen and the outer wall of the wall body, and when the external force applied to the wind screen (6) is greater than a threshold value, the wind screen (6) is torn along the tearing opening and separated from the outer wall of the wall body;
The first end of the decelerating sheet (1) is connected with the inner wall of a groove body formed in the wall body of the elevator hoistway, the second end of the decelerating sheet (1) is in contact with the second end of the wind shield (6), and the middle of the decelerating sheet (1) is connected with the inner wall of the groove body through an elastic component (7);
An energy dissipation curved ring (2) is arranged on the outer wall of the wall body below the speed reduction piece (1), when the second end of the speed reduction piece (1) is impacted by a descending elevator speed reduction impact angle, the second end of the speed reduction piece (1) moves along the stress direction and is pushed by the elastic component (7), when the speed reduction piece (1) is impacted to be in contact with the upper end of a vertical plate (5) outside the energy dissipation curved ring (2), the vertical plate (5) moves downwards, and the energy dissipation curved ring (2) is driven by the vertical plate (5) to yield under stress.
The utility model discloses an elevator power consumption damping device utilizes the crooked deformation after deceleration piece and the energy dissipation curved ring yield to consume the elevator and descend the in-process energy, has effectively cushioned the impact force that the elevator descends to produce and has prolonged the impact time when the elevator tenesmus, has improved the security of elevator.
In one implementation, as shown in fig. 1, the vertical plates are rigid plates, the rigid plates (5) and the energy dissipation curved ring are fixed on the wall through bolts (8), the height of the rigid plates (5) is higher than the height of the energy dissipation curved ring on the wall, based on which, the speed reduction plate (1) is impacted by the elevator deceleration rigid impact angle, and the second end of the speed reduction plate moves along the impact direction and deforms, the speed reduction plate (1) first contacts with the rigid plate (5) to drive the rigid plate (5) to move downwards, the mild steel energy dissipation curved ring (which is an example of the energy dissipation curved ring) connected with the rigid plate (5) will yield rapidly, and as the rigid plate (5) moves downwards, the yield position will move continuously along with the movement of the rigid plate (5), so as to consume energy continuously, and achieve the purpose of reducing the dropping speed of the elevator to the maximum extent, the thickness of the soft steel energy dissipation curved ring and the downward movement distance of the vertical plate are reasonably designed, so that the energy consumed by the elevator energy dissipation and damping device is greater than the potential energy of a layer falling when the elevator is fully loaded.
In an implementation mode, the decelerating sheet (1) and the energy dissipation curved ring (2) in the energy dissipation and damping device can dissipate energy by utilizing bending deformation after metal yielding, for example, Q235 type steel can be used. As shown in fig. 2, when the deceleration strip (1) is impacted by the deceleration rigid angle of attack (11) of the elevator, which is connected to the outer cylinder of the elevator through the weak connection (12), it is deformed by the force. It should be noted that the stiffening plate may be added behind the soft steel speed reducer, and the shear plastic deformation of the stiffening plate is utilized to increase the energy dissipation capacity and ultimate yield bearing capacity of the soft steel speed reducer (to avoid shear deformation of the soft steel speed reducer due to too large impact force before the energy dissipation curved ring yields). Based on this, as shown in fig. 1, the apparatus may further include: the steel shell is arranged on the inner wall of the groove body, a stiffening plate (4) is arranged on the back of the steel shell, and the steel shell is fixed through a bolt 3. Fig. 3 is a schematic plan view illustrating installation of energy dissipation and vibration reduction devices according to an exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, four elevator energy dissipation and vibration reduction devices 30 are installed on each floor, the installation position may be on a shear wall or a reinforced concrete beam (also referred to as an anti-collision beam) (17) of each floor, the four devices are located at the same elevation, and it is required to avoid causing the elevator to rotate at a large angle in the impact yielding energy dissipation process, and at the same time, the reinforced concrete beam (17) is required to pass the test of impact load, so as to avoid the reinforced concrete beam from yielding and breaking under the effect of the impact load of the elevator, which results in the destruction of the building structure.
fig. 4 is a schematic view showing an initial position of an elevator car in contact with energy-consuming vibration dampers of an elevator according to an exemplary embodiment, in fig. 4, two energy-consuming vibration dampers are shown, respectively, on the left and right sides of the elevator car, as shown in fig. 4, the energy-consuming curved ring (2) is fixed to the outer wall of the wall by bolts (3), the energy-consuming curved ring (2) may be, for example, a split type soft steel curved ring, it is noted that when the elevator car (16) is in contact with the energy-consuming vibration dampers of the elevator, the wind deflector (not shown in fig. 4 because it is blown away by the wind) has been separated from the outer wall of the wall, the wind deflector may be of plastic material, which is light and strong, and easily torn by the wind in the gap of the elevator, on the other hand, after the wind deflector has been blown away, the wind deflector does not affect the energy-consuming vibration dampers, and one end of the wind deflector protrudes into the hoistway before the wind deflector does not separate from the outer wall of the wind deflector, the wind deflector can feel different wind pressures caused by the wind, the arrow direction of the wind deflector 5 is shown according to an exemplary embodiment, and the wind deflector can be felt by a torque at a position which is smaller than the wind pressure at the wind-consuming vibration dampers of the wind deflector at the upper limit of the wind deflector at the upper side of the wind deflector (5) of the wind-consuming vibration dampers of the wind QB1 is the width of the windshield for wall thickness. Fig. 6 is a schematic plan view of the energy-consuming and shock-absorbing device mounted on a wall, and fig. 6 shows (18) a vertical connecting plate of a wind deflector.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a windshield shown in accordance with an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, where (9) is the windshield tear, (19) is the windshield lower concentrated tear, (20) is the windshield horizontal projecting flap, (18) is the windshield vertical web, and FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the windshield in section at plane 3-3.
The process of triggering the dissipative vibration damping device is explained below.
When the elevator is normally operated and the doors of the floors are normally closed, the elevator shaft is an almost closed space, and only a very small air flow exists in the gap between the doors of the floors, so that the volume of air in the elevator shaft can be considered to be constant. When the elevator moves or moves downwards, compression occurs in the air in the shaft below the elevator, and the air will flow upwards from the space between the elevator car and the elevator shaft, assuming a constant air volume. For a medium-low speed elevator, the normal running speed of the elevator is within a certain interval range, and the wind pressure generated on a wind shield is also changed within a certain interval range, namely, an upper limit value of the wind speed corresponding to the normal running of the elevator exists. Therefore, through reasonable design of the wind shield, for example, adjustment of the extending length, the wind shielding area, the connection area and the position of the tearing opening, the wind pressure of the elevator in normal operation can be smaller than the ultimate bearing capacity of the wind shield. It should be noted that, in order to have a reasonable safety factor, the safety factor regulation in the current building steel structure design specification may be referred to, and the ultimate bearing capacity of the tearing opening of the wind shield is required to be more than 2 times of the acting force generated by the upper limit value of the wind speed during the normal operation of the elevator, and the tearing opening of the wind shield should be capable of withstanding repeated loading for more than 10 ten thousand times under the normal use condition (ensuring that the service life of the energy dissipation and damping device is long enough, and reducing the replacement caused by aging).
When the safety device attached to the elevator per se fails, the elevator stalls and falls, the falling speed of the elevator exceeds a certain limit value of the normal operation speed, and the elevator passes through a certain floor provided with an energy dissipation and shock absorption device, the wind power increased in the clearance between the elevator car and the shaft rapidly tears a limit tearing opening (9) of the wind shield, the wind shield is blown to the upper part of the shaft by the wind, the mild steel deceleration strip (1) (which is an example of the deceleration strip) rapidly falls under the action of a spring (7) (which is an example of the elastic component) and must reach an impact position before the deceleration collision angle of the elevator car (the impact position is a position where the edge of the mild steel deceleration strip can collide with the collision angle of the elevator after rotating for a certain angle), the deceleration collision angle above the elevator car subsequently falls and collides with the mild steel deceleration strip, and the mild steel deceleration strip rapidly reaches the rigid plate (5) outside the energy dissipation curved ring (2) after the elevator is impacted by the falling of the elevator, the rigid plate (5) is driven to move downwards, the mild steel energy dissipation curved ring (2) connected with the rigid plate (5) can be rapidly yielded, and along with the downward movement of the rigid plate (5), the yield position of the mild steel energy dissipation curved ring can be continuously moved, so that the continuous energy dissipation effect is achieved, the aim of reducing the falling speed of the elevator to the maximum extent is fulfilled, and the energy consumed by the energy dissipation and damping device can be larger than the potential energy of a layer falling when the elevator is fully loaded by reasonably designing the thickness of the mild steel energy dissipation curved ring (2) and the downward movement distance of the rigid plate (5).
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the inner elevator car barrel separated from the outer elevator frame under impact according to an exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 9, the elevator may further include a rigid outer frame (11), and the rigid outer frame (11) wraps the elevator car (16). The device further comprises: an elastic limit structure (14) arranged between the elevator car (16) and the elevator rigid outer framework (11), and an elastic part (13) in the elastic limit structure (14) is compressed when the elevator car (16) moves downwards relative to the elevator rigid outer framework (11). Can be weak connection between elevator car (16) and elevator rigidity exoskeleton (11) to make elevator car under the certain external force effect that receives, this weak connection yields to separate between elevator car and the elevator rigidity exoskeleton after tearing completely. In fig. 9, an elevator deceleration collision angle (10) collides with a deceleration sheet (1), a second end of the deceleration sheet (1) is in contact with a rigid plate (5), the falling height of an elevator car (16) is greater than 1.5 floors, an inner cylinder of the elevator car (16) is separated from a rigid outer framework (11) of the elevator, and weak connection between the elevator car (16) and the rigid outer framework (11) of the elevator yields, so that the inner cylinder of the elevator car compresses a spring (13) in an elastic limiting structure (14), thereby playing a role in delaying shock absorption.
The utility model discloses an energy consumption damping device utilizes echelon to surrender and echelon energy consumption absorbing mode, for the elevator provides the protection of multiple defence line, connects two periods of surrender back spring compression stroke through mild steel power consumption time and elevator weak simultaneously, has effectively prolonged the impact time when the elevator tenesmus, has reduced the harm to passenger's health in the elevator.
It is following right the utility model discloses an elevator power consumption damping device carries out the analysis at the power consumption cushioning effect that the elevator descends in-process to play.
Under the impact of the elevator, according to the falling position and the falling speed of the elevator (assuming that the elevator is in free falling from the falling position), the mild steel speed reduction piece has two possible states under the impact of the elevator collision angle:
1. When the height of the elevator falling position from the energy dissipation and shock absorption device which plays a role is 0.6-1.5 floors (full load), the mild steel speed reduction piece does not yield, the energy dissipation curved ring consumes energy under the driving of the mild steel speed reduction piece, the gravitational potential energy of the elevator is dissipated after the energy dissipation curved ring consumes energy, and the elevator stays on the energy dissipation and shock absorption device on the floor.
2. The height of the elevator falling position from the energy dissipation and shock absorption device which plays a role is more than 1.5 floors (possibly the upper layer of energy dissipation and shock absorption device fails or the wind speed of tearing the tearing port of the wind shield is not reached), the energy dissipation curved ring can not completely dissipate the gravitational potential energy of the elevator falling, the mild steel speed reducing piece is then yielded and consumes energy, the accumulated dissipated energy is still less than the falling gravitational potential energy (full load) of the elevator car, at this time, the elevator car will continue to fall to the next floor, but the energy consumption of the energy consumption damping device of the floor effectively reduces the falling speed of the elevator (the falling speed after passing through the energy consumption damping device is less than the falling speed before reaching the energy consumption damping device), at the moment, when the initial falling height of the elevator is less than the height of a 2.5-floor from the energy dissipation and shock absorption device, the elevator is braked after energy dissipation is carried out on the next energy dissipation and shock absorption device.
If the initial falling height of the elevator is greater than the height of 2.5 floors, the elevator can ensure that the gravitational potential energy of the elevator can be gradually dissipated through the yielding energy consumption of the energy consumption damping device of each floor in the falling direction, so that the elevator can be stopped by the energy consumption damping device of the floor at a certain floor below the elevator or fall at a speed reduced after the gradual energy consumption, the elevator shaft bottom buffer can play a role of safe deceleration, and the elevator shaft bottom buffer plays a role of effectively protecting the safety of personnel in the elevator.
Therefore, the utility model discloses an elevator power consumption damping device provides triple prevention line and protects the elevator under the malfunctioning condition of elevator self safety device.
The first defense line: when the stalling height of the elevator is within the range of the floor height of 0.6-1.5 floors above the energy dissipation and damping device of the floor, the energy dissipation and damping device of the floor can be forced to stop through energy dissipation.
A second line of defense: when the elevator stalls at a height within the range of 1.5-2.5 floors above the energy-consuming and shock-absorbing device at the floor, the energy dissipated by the energy-consuming and shock-absorbing device at the floor is the gravitational potential energy of 1.5 floors, and the energy is consumed at the energy-consuming and shock-absorbing device at the next floor and is forced to stop.
The third defense line: when the energy dissipation and shock absorption devices on each floor cannot dissipate energy to force the elevator to stop falling, the elevator dissipates gravitational potential energy at the energy dissipation and shock absorption devices which play a role on each floor, so that the elevator can be prevented from freely falling, the falling speed of the elevator is maintained not to be too high, the elevator can be prevented from being impacted too much under the buffering of the bottom buffer, and passengers in the elevator are prevented from being injured (the defense line).
Based on above-mentioned second is heavy with the triple protection basis on, the utility model discloses improve elevator self, the urceolus has been add (an example of above-mentioned rigidity outer skeleton promptly), produced huge impact force when meetting the speed reduction piece for coping with the elevator tenesmus, the urceolus should be firm reliable, the urceolus can be a skeleton, the parcel covers elevator car urceolus skeleton and has a weak connection between elevator car, when elevator stall is in first heavy line of defence, weak connection does not surrender, elevator car normal operating, be in the second when elevator stall, when the third is heavy line of defence, weak connection yields, the spring performance cushioning effect between car and skeleton, can prevent the harm that the passenger in the elevator car produced of hard collision.
In one implementation mode, the elevator car and the rigid outer framework thereof are designed to be firm enough and not deform when impacted, the deceleration impact angle of the elevator car is firmly connected with the elevator car framework in a welding mode, and the deceleration impact angle is required to be not deformed and not fall off in the process of falling to impact the soft steel deceleration sheets to drive the energy dissipation curved ring to yield and consume energy.
In one implementation, the triggering condition of the energy-consuming and damping device requires that the wind deflector is not torn under the action of piston wind when falling, but is torn rapidly under the action of gap wind, which can be achieved by adjusting the relative size of the cross-sectional area of the elevator car and the cross-sectional area of the elevator shaft or the size or thickness of the wind deflector.
when the elevator normally operates, the wind speed in the elevator clearance has an upper limit value, so that the wind shield is not damaged enough and the tearing opening on the wind shield is not torn enough, the area of the wind shield is S1 ═ B1L 3, and when the wind speed is v, the force acting on the wind shield is F ═ rhogv' S1;
Assuming that each safety device of the elevator per se fails, the elevator performs free-fall movement, and the floor height is 3m common in residential buildings (for other floor heights, the reasoning can be carried out according to the same principle).
The values of the speed of the elevator car falling onto the mild steel deceleration strip at different heights can thus be calculated as shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1
It can be seen from table 1 above that, when the elevator height of falling was greater than 0.3 floor height, the functioning speed when it fell on this layer mild steel retarder was great, was far greater than 1 ~ 2 m/s' normal functioning speed, means this moment that the wind pressure that acts on the deep bead is also greater than normal wind pressure far away, is enough to tear the tear mouth of predetermineeing on the deep bead.
The time required for the elevator to reach the mild steel speed reducer in a free-fall manner at different falling heights can be calculated as shown in the following table 2:
TABLE 2
As can be seen from the table 2, the falling time of the elevator car is very short, the elevator car is supposed to fall from the height of 0.5 floor above the energy dissipation and damping device which plays a role, when the lower part of the elevator car reaches the wind shield of the energy dissipation and damping device, the wind shield is torn, the mild steel decelerating sheet is popped up and used for 0.55s, and when the top of the elevator car decelerates and hits the angle and reaches the position of the top of the elevator car when the wind shield is at the original installation position (which is equivalent to the height of 1.5 floors), the time is only 0.96s, which requires the mild steel speed reducing piece to be ejected in time within less than 0.4s and to be quickly positioned to block the speed reducing impact angle, and the relationship graph of the dimension of the mild steel speed reducing piece in the attached figure 1 shows that when the length L of the extending part of the mild steel speed reducing piece is given 1and the total length L, the angle θ at which it rests on the windshield can be deduced:
When the elevator falls to the energy dissipation and shock absorption device, the mild steel speed reduction piece falls down and is just clamped at the position below the speed reduction collision angle, and the included angle theta between the mild steel speed reduction piece and the horizontal direction 1the overlap length L of the mild steel speed-reducing piece can be determined by the collision angle and the horizontal placement 2and the total length L of the mild steel speed reducing piece.
To make mild steel brake block screens in time, then need mild steel brake block turned angle under the action of gravity:
Δθ＝θ-θ1(3)
the time required to rotate the angle △ θ is:
assuming that the total length L of the mild steel speed reducing piece is 230mm, when the wind shield is horizontally arranged, the length L of the extending part is 1is 80mm, and the overlapping length L of the deceleration impact angle and the mild steel deceleration strip is horizontally arranged 2Is 20mm, the angle theta can be calculated to be 49.3 degrees 1Is 24.1 degrees.
at this time, the rotation acceleration α is 41.67s-2, and the required time is as follows:
This time T is calculated under the assumption that the torque T is constant, and actually, in the falling process of the mild steel speed-reducing piece, the torque T will increase continuously, but considering the blocking effect of the upward wind force on the wind-blocking plate (the mild steel speed-reducing piece is thicker, the blocking effect of the wind force is not large), the actually required time will be closer to the calculated value, as can be seen from table 2, the elevator falls down from the floor height of 0.5 floor, and the energy-consuming and shock-absorbing device can completely block the deceleration impact angle of the elevator before the deceleration impact angle reaches the position of the wind-blocking plate after the wind-blocking plate is torn.
The following table 3 is a time interval table of the elevator when the body of the elevator completely passes through the energy dissipation and shock absorption device at different falling heights.
TABLE 3
Can know by above-mentioned table 3, as long as the elevator height of falling (apart from the energy consumption damping device's that plays a role height) is not more than 2.5 floor height, the utility model discloses an energy consumption damping device can in time be triggered completely, if exert additional effort through the spring of additional behind the shock attenuation piece, reaction time can also further be shortened.
In order to guarantee the utility model discloses an energy consumption damping device's third way defence line can successfully be realized, the energy that requires that mild steel retarder and the energy dissipation curved loop that every layer was arranged can dissipate will be greater than the produced gravitational potential energy E0 of the 1.5 floor of falling when the elevator is fully loaded at least.
Namely, the sum of the energy consumed by the four energy-consuming and shock-absorbing devices is at least larger than the gravitational potential energy of the floor falling to 1.5 floors when the elevator car is fully loaded.
The energy dissipated by the four energy dissipation curved rings can be set to be equivalent to the gravitational potential energy of about 1 floor height of falling when the elevator car is fully loaded.
Assuming that M is the self-weight of the elevator car, M 1For the biggest loading capacity of elevator, h is individual floor height, then the gravitational potential energy of falling 1.5 floor height when elevator car is fully loaded is:
E0＝1.5(M+M1)gh (5)
That is, at least 4 E.gtoreq.E 0 (6)
Wherein E is the energy dissipated after the energy dissipation and shock absorption device is completely yielded (after the energy dissipation curved ring is yielded, the mild steel speed reducing piece is also yielded, and the deformation of the mild steel speed reducing piece is not enough to limit the falling of the elevator).
By last knowing, when satisfying above-mentioned formula (5), (6), the elevator position of falling is located the energy consumption damping device of this floor of performance more than 0.5 layer to 1.5 floor height, the utility model discloses an energy consumption damping device can effectively realize first line of defence prevent the tenesmic function of elevator.
And when the requirement that the falling height of the elevator is not more than 2.5 floors (the falling position of the elevator is 1.5 floors to 2.5 floors above the energy dissipation and damping device of the second floor, which plays a role), the function of preventing the elevator from falling at the energy dissipation and damping device of the second floor in the second defense line can be effectively realized.
If the layer-by-layer energy consumption of the third defense line is required to be realized, the spring in the elastic limiting structure with reasonable design can be matched to reduce the reaction time of the mild steel speed reducing piece. Meanwhile, the tearing limit bending moment of the wind shield also needs to be adapted to be adjusted.
With respect to the problem of windshield tear, forces acting on the windshield include:
Wind power: f ═ ρ gv' S 1
Horizontal thrust generated by baffle gravity: f 2＝mgcosθ/2sinθ (7)
Suppose that the bending moment generated by the wind shield at the tearing opening is T 1The bending moment generated by wind at the tearing opening when the elevator normally operates is T 2When the tear notch rises, the tearing notch bears a bending moment T 3＝T2-T1The bending moment borne during descent is T 4＝T1+T2。
When the elevator moves downwards, the bending moment generated by wind power and the bending moment generated by the gravity of the wind shield are in the same direction, and when the elevator moves upwards, the bending moment generated by the wind power and the bending moment generated by the gravity of the wind shield are in opposite directions, so that for the same tearing bending moment, the bending moment generated by the ascending of the elevator in normal operation is smaller than the bending moment generated by the descending, and therefore, the fatigue problem generated by repeated loading under the action of the descending wind power needs to be considered when the wind shield is designed.
When the elevator stalls and falls down, the bending moment acting on the tearing opening is T 5＝NT1+T2；
N is the ratio of the wind power in the gap between the elevator shaft and the elevator car when the elevator falls down to the maximum wind power in normal operation; in order to realize the rapid tearing of the tearing opening when the elevator stalls and falls, the ultimate bearing bending moment T of the tearing opening is required maxMuch greater than T 4And much less than T 5。
Meanwhile, the portion of the wind shield plate other than the tear port should be reinforced in thickness and sufficiently rigid to have a ultimate breaking bending moment T' maxJust much greater than T 5. So as to avoid the damage at the non-tearing opening of the wind shield, and the energy dissipation and shock absorption device can not play a role.
The design idea of the energy dissipation and shock absorption device of the utility model is that the contact time of the safety impact is divided into two parts, the first part is that the deceleration impact angle impacts the mild steel deceleration sheet to drive the yield displacement of the energy dissipation curved ring; the second part is that the weak connection between the inner cylinder of the elevator car and the rigid outer framework is torn by the inertia force under the action of huge acceleration, and the inner cylinder of the elevator compresses the spring to displace under the action of the inertia force.
The utility model discloses when the first line of defense of settlement is 0.5-1.5 floor height and falls, can be by the energy dissipation of first way damping device and force it to stop on the mild steel retarder. The energy dissipation curved ring can consume the gravitational potential energy of 1.2 floors when the elevator car is fully loaded, and at the moment, the falling speed of the elevator car is reduced from 12.2m/s to 4.4 m/s.
Two assumptions are made here, namely that the falling speed of the elevator car is reduced at a constant speed, and that the energy dissipation curved ring energy dissipation movement length is 6cm, and that the falling speed of the elevator is reduced at a constant speed (here, estimated), the impact contact time of the elevator car can be calculated, and the time length is about 7 ms.
In the impact process of the elevator car and the energy dissipation and shock absorption device, the inertial acceleration of the elevator car is 16G, and the mutual motion between the car inner cylinder and the rigid outer framework can be realized only by the weak connection tearing yield acceleration below 16G. Assuming that the rigid outer framework of the elevator car stops on a mild steel speed reducer of the energy dissipation and damping device after moving for 6cm, the inner cylinder of the elevator decelerates under the action of the spring until rebounding when touching the bottom. This stroke requires more than 0.05ms and the spring shock absorbing compression height requires more than 0.5 m (the total height of the elevator car is more than 2m), which can be achieved by structural modification of the elevator car itself. The elastic rigidity and the compression distance of the buffer spring are ensured to play a role of buffering when the falling height of the elevator is less than the height of a 2-storey floor, but the rigid collision caused by direct impact to the bottom due to overlarge compression is avoided.
It should be noted that the tearing wind pressure of the wind deflector should be properly larger than the maximum wind pressure in normal operation, and the elevator should be put into operation before the elevator is put into use, and meanwhile, the beam of the energy dissipation and damping device should be specially designed, so that the beam can bear the impact force generated by the falling from the high positions of two floors when the elevator is fully loaded, and the beam is in the elastic range.
According to the elevator energy dissipation and shock absorption device based on the embodiment of the invention, when the elevator stalls and falls, the wind shield is blown away by wind power, the second end of the speed reduction sheet loses support, the speed reduction sheet rotates to the position contacted with the vertical plate of the energy dissipation curved ring under the action of spring force and gravity load, the elevator deceleration impact angle immediately impacts the second end of the speed reduction sheet, the speed reduction sheet moves along the stress direction to drive the energy dissipation curved ring to consume the falling gravitational potential energy of the elevator, at the moment, the speed reduction sheet does not generate bending deformation under the impact force, when the energy dissipation curved ring yields and consumes energy, the speed reduction sheet rotates to the horizontal position, the counter acting force applied to the deceleration impact angle of the outer framework of the elevator by the speed reduction sheet exceeds the yield force of the weak connection position in the elevator car, the elevator car is separated from the outer framework, and the compression stroke of the shock.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: the discussion of any embodiment above is meant to be exemplary only, and is not intended to intimate that the scope of the disclosure, including the claims, is limited to these examples; within the idea of the invention, also technical features in the above embodiments or in different embodiments can be combined, steps can be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the invention as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity.
In addition, well known power/ground connections to Integrated Circuit (IC) chips and other components may or may not be shown in the provided figures for simplicity of illustration and discussion, and so as not to obscure the invention. Furthermore, devices may be shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the invention, and also in view of the fact that specifics with respect to implementation of such block diagram devices are highly dependent upon the platform within which the present invention is to be implemented (i.e., specifics should be well within purview of one skilled in the art). Where specific details (e.g., circuits) are set forth in order to describe example embodiments of the invention, it should be apparent to one skilled in the art that the invention can be practiced without, or with variation of, these specific details. Accordingly, the description is to be regarded as illustrative instead of restrictive.
While the present invention has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments thereof, many alternatives, modifications, and variations of these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing description. For example, other memory architectures, such as Dynamic RAM (DRAM), may use the discussed embodiments.
The present embodiments are intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variances which fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omission, modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An elevator energy dissipation and shock absorption device, comprising:
The wind shield is arranged at a gap between an elevator car and an elevator shaft, a first end of the wind shield extends to the elevator shaft, a second end of the wind shield is connected to the outer wall of the elevator energy dissipation and damping device, a tearing opening is formed at the joint of the second end of the wind shield and the outer wall of a wall body, and when an external force applied to the wind shield is greater than a threshold value, the wind shield is torn along the tearing opening and is separated from the outer wall of the wall body;
The first end of the decelerating sheet is connected with the inner wall of a groove body formed in the wall body of the elevator hoistway, the second end of the decelerating sheet is in contact with the second end of the wind shield, and the middle part of the decelerating sheet is connected with the inner wall of the groove body through an elastic component;
An energy dissipation curved ring is arranged on the outer wall of the wall body below the speed reduction piece, when the second end of the speed reduction piece is impacted by the descending elevator speed reduction impact angle, the second end of the speed reduction piece moves along the stress direction and is pushed by the elastic component, when the speed reduction piece is impacted to be in contact with the upper end of a vertical plate outside the energy dissipation curved ring, the vertical plate moves downwards, and the energy dissipation curved ring is stressed and yields under the driving of the vertical plate.
2. The device of claim 1, wherein the risers are rigid plates, the rigid plates and the energy dissipating curved rings are fixed to the wall by bolts, and the height of the rigid plates is higher than that of the energy dissipating curved rings on the outer wall of the wall.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the deceleration strip is a mild steel material.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the elevator comprises a rigid exoskeleton that encases the elevator car.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, further comprising:
The elastic limiting structure is arranged between the elevator car and the rigid outer framework of the elevator, and an elastic component in the elastic limiting structure is compressed when the elevator car moves downwards relative to the rigid outer framework of the elevator.
6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the connection between the elevator car and the rigid outer frame of the elevator is weak.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
The steel shell is arranged on the inner wall of the groove body, and a stiffening plate is arranged on the back of the steel shell.
8. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the energy dissipating curved ring is bolted to the outer wall of the wall.
9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is mounted on a reinforced concrete beam in an elevator hoistway.
10. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein four of the apparatuses are installed on concrete beams on both sides of an elevator shaft, and the elevations of the four apparatuses are uniform.
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| CN110294385A (en) * | 2019-06-10 | 2019-10-01 | 杨晗琦 | Energy consumption of elevator damping device |
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