CN211008644U

CN211008644U - Splitting rod of rock splitter

Info

Publication number: CN211008644U
Application number: CN201920824714.2U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张薇
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2019-06-03
Filing date: 2019-06-03
Publication date: 2020-07-14
Anticipated expiration: 2029-06-03

Abstract

The utility model discloses a splitting rod of rock splitter, splitting rod main part is made by flexible material. When the fracturing device works, the pressurized liquid acts on the inside of the flexible fracturing rod, and the fracturing rod expands to press surrounding rocks to crack. The utility model discloses owing to adopt flexible material as pressure-bearing stress element, can avoid appearing the condition of oil leak when splitting stick atress is inhomogeneous.

Description

Splitting rod of rock splitter

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a rock mass splitting and broken field in mining and engineering construction, concretely relates to splitting stick of rock splitter.

Background

The existing hydraulic rock splitter comprises a hydraulic pump station, a hydraulic pipe and a plurality of splitting rods (as shown in figure 1), when the hydraulic rock splitter is used, a plurality of holes are drilled on rock, then the splitting rods are inserted into the holes, then high-pressure liquid is input into the splitting rods through the hydraulic pipe by the pump station, the splitting rods expand outwards, pressure is applied to the rock hole wall, and the rock cracks.

The splitting rod of the existing rock splitter has three forms: wedge, piston, and two-piece (as shown in fig. 2-4). In any form, the pressure-bearing stress element is made of a metal hard material. During operation, the reaction force of the cleaving rod against the external rock is sometimes non-uniform and non-symmetrical, and not all directions are radial. In particular, when a rock is cracked, the direction of the reaction force applied to the splitting bar is disorganized. Under the effect of irregular force, the metal hard pressure-bearing stress element can deform, so that the original gap of a cavity for containing high-pressure liquid is increased, and oil leakage is caused. The problem is still difficult to avoid by manufacturing the bearing stress element by other high-strength hard materials.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

To prior art's not enough, the utility model provides a splitting stick of rock splitter to flexible material is as pressure-bearing stress element, and specific technical scheme is as follows:

the utility model provides a splitting stick of rock splitter, splitting stick's main part make by flexible material, flexible material's shore hardness be less than 50D.

Furthermore, the main body of the splitting rod is of a two-layer structure consisting of a sealing inner liner layer made of flexible rubber and plastic materials and a bearing stress layer made of high-strength fiber woven cloth, the Shore hardness of the flexible rubber and plastic materials is less than 50D, and the tensile strength of the high-strength fibers is greater than 100 MPa.

Furthermore, the main body of the splitting rod is of a single-layer structure which is made of high-strength fiber reinforced flexible rubber and plastic materials and simultaneously realizes sealing and bearing stress, the tensile strength of the high-strength fibers is greater than 100MPa, and the Shore hardness of the flexible rubber and plastic materials is less than 50D.

Furthermore, a plurality of folds are arranged on the sealing inner liner layer of the splitting rod along the circumferential direction, so that the folds are stretched after the pressurized liquid is filled, and the diameter of the splitting rod is increased; or the sealing lining layer of the splitting rod is made of elastic rubber and plastic materials, so that the diameter of the splitting rod is increased after the splitting rod is filled with pressurized liquid.

Furthermore, a plurality of folds are arranged on the pressure-bearing stress layer of the splitting rod along the circumferential direction, so that the folds are stretched after the pressure liquid is filled, and the diameter of the splitting rod is increased; or the pressure-bearing stress layer of the splitting rod is made of elastic cloth woven by high-strength fibers, so that the diameter of the splitting rod is increased after the splitting rod is filled with pressurized liquid, and the tensile strength of the high-strength fibers is greater than 100 MPa.

Furthermore, a plurality of folds are arranged on the single-layer structure along the circumferential direction, so that the folds are stretched after the pressurized liquid is filled, and the diameter of the splitting rod is increased; or the single-layer structure is formed by compounding elastic cloth woven by the high-strength fibers and elastic rubber or elastic plastic, so that the diameter of the splitting rod is increased after the splitting rod is filled with pressurized liquid, and the tensile strength of the high-strength fibers is more than 100 MPa.

Furthermore, the splitting rod further comprises a cutting-proof layer sleeved outside the two-layer structure, and the cutting-proof layer is made of cutting-resistant fiber woven cloth or non-woven fabric.

Furthermore, the splitting rod also comprises a cutting-proof layer sleeved outside the single-layer structure, and the cutting-proof layer is cutting-resistant fiber woven cloth or non-woven fabric.

Furthermore, a plurality of folds are arranged on the cutting-proof layer along the circumferential direction, so that the folds are stretched after the pressurized liquid is filled, and the diameter of the splitting rod is increased; or the cutting-proof layer is made of elastic cloth woven by cutting-resistant fibers, so that the diameter of the splitting rod is increased after the pressurized liquid is filled.

Furthermore, the splitting rod further comprises a metal telescopic shell positioned at the outermost side, and the thickness of the metal telescopic shell meets the requirement

Wherein R is₀Is the outer radius, R, of the overall structure of the splitting bar_eLIs the yield strength of the metal collapsible casing material and P is the maximum pressure of the liquid inside.

Furthermore, the metal telescopic shell is formed by laminating and intersecting a plurality of metal arc sheets uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction, the head part of any metal arc sheet is positioned on the outer side of the next metal arc sheet, and the tail part of any metal arc sheet is positioned on the inner side of the previous metal arc sheet, so that a laminated and intersected structure similar to a scaly shape is formed.

Further, the metal telescopic shell is made of shape memory alloy.

Furthermore, the inlet and outlet parts of the bearing stress layer are made of hard materials formed by compounding and curing the high-strength fiber woven cloth and the base material, the bearing stress layer is tightly jointed with the inlet and outlet parts of the sealing lining layer, the outer side of the bearing stress layer is tightly jointed with one metal reinforcing layer, and the inner side of the sealing lining layer is tightly jointed with the other metal reinforcing layer to form a connector of the splitting rod.

Furthermore, the inner side and the outer side of the inlet and the outlet of the single-layer structure are tightly jointed with the metal reinforcing layer to form an interface of the splitting rod.

Furthermore, at the position of the bottleneck, a metal reinforcing layer tightly jointed with the inner side of the inlet and outlet position of the sealing lining layer is bent to be attached to the bottleneck.

Furthermore, at the position of the bottleneck, the metal reinforcing layer tightly jointed with the inner sides of the inlet and outlet parts of the single-layer structure is attached to the bottleneck and bent.

Furthermore, the inlet and outlet positions of the flexible rubber plastic material for manufacturing the sealing lining layer change the formula to increase the hardness, so that the Shore hardness is larger than 50A, and a two-section material with a hard upper part and a soft lower part is formed.

Furthermore, the inlet and outlet positions of the single-layer structure rubber plastic material are changed in formula to increase the hardness, so that the Shore hardness is higher than 50A, and a two-section material with a hard upper part and a soft lower part is formed.

Furthermore, the outer surface of the sealing lining layer, the inner and outer surfaces of the bearing stress layer and the inner and outer surfaces of the cutting-proof layer are all treated by polytetrafluoroethylene coatings.

Furthermore, the outer surface of the single-layer structure and the inner and outer surfaces of the cutting-proof layer are both treated by polytetrafluoroethylene coatings.

Further, the inner surface of the metal telescopic shell is treated by a polytetrafluoroethylene coating.

The utility model has the advantages that:

because the utility model discloses a flexible material is as the pressure-bearing stress element, receiving outside rock reaction force variation in size and not in the same time of direction, this pressure-bearing stress element only can deform can not be damaged, and the gap seal of the cavity that holds high-pressure liquid can not receive the influence that flexible pressure-bearing stress layer warp yet, consequently can not the oil leak.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art rock splitter complete set of equipment;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a wedge-type cleaving rod;

figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a prior art piston-type cleaving bar;

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional working view of a prior art two-piece cleaving rod;

fig. 5 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the splitting bar of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a two-layer structure cleaving rod and a single-layer structure cleaving rod according to the present invention;

figure 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of two forms of the two-layer structure cleaving bar of the present invention;

fig. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of two forms of the single-layer structure cleaving rod of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic longitudinal cross-section of two forms of cleaving bar after addition of a cut resistant layer;

FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a two-layer structured cleaving bar with the addition of two forms of cut resistant layers;

figure 11 is a schematic longitudinal section of two forms of cleaving bar with the addition of a cut resistant, metal retractable sheath;

FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a cleaving bar with the addition of a cut resistant layer and a metal collapsible housing in addition to that of FIG. 7;

FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a cleaving bar with the addition of a cut resistant layer and a metal collapsible housing in addition to that of FIG. 8;

fig. 14 is a schematic view of the inlet and outlet positions of the splitting bar with two-layer structure and single-layer structure according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, and the objects and effects of the invention will become more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

As shown in figure 1, the whole set of equipment of the existing rock splitter comprises a hydraulic pump station 1, a hydraulic pipe 2 and a splitting rod 5, wherein the hydraulic pipe 2 is connected between the hydraulic pump station 1 and the splitting rod 5. The cleaving rod 5 has been placed in the rock bore 6 in figure 1, shown as a cross-section of the rock in the axial direction of the bore. As shown in fig. 1, in operation, a plurality of holes 6 are prefabricated in the rock, and the number of the rock holes 6 is equal to that of the splitting rods 5. One cleaving rod 5 is placed in each hole. The pre-hole is sized and shaped similarly to the cleaving bar 5 and the wall of the pre-hole can be squeezed after the cleaving bar 5 has been slightly expanded. The hydraulic pipe 2 is a high-pressure oil pipe. The cleaving machine also preferably includes an energy distributor 3 for regulating the flow or pressure of fluid from the hydraulic pump station 1, the energy distributor 3 being connected between the hydraulic pump station 1 and the cleaving bar 5 by means of a hydraulic pipe 2. Pressurized liquid enters the distributor body 31 from the oil outlet 13 of the pump station 1 via the upstream pipe 21 of the hydraulic pipe 2 through the distributor oil inlet 32, and the distributor body 31 distributes the pressurized liquid taken from the distributor oil inlet 32 to the distributor first oil outlet 33, the distributor second oil outlet 34, the distributor third oil outlet 35 and the distributor fourth oil outlet 36. Through which pressurised liquid enters the respective cleaving rod 5 via the first, second, third and

fourth branch pipes

22, 23, 24, 25 of the conduit 2, respectively. After expansion, the splitting rod 5 presses the wall of the rock hole, so that the rock is cracked. It should be noted that the various components in fig. 1 are not drawn to scale. The illustrated size of the cleaving bar 5 is enlarged to enable better detail display.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a wedge-type cleaving rod in the prior art. The cleaving bar includes a piston cylinder 56, opposing slides 57 and a center wedge 58. Inside piston cylinder 56 is primarily a piston that is integral with a center wedge 58. The opposing blocks 57 are two, opposing each other, and engage the center wedge 58. The opposite slide block 57 is movably connected with the bottom of the piston hydraulic cylinder 56 and can slide in the horizontal direction. The components are made of high strength alloy steel. During operation, the slider wedge combination is placed into the prefabricated rock hole 6, and the diameter of the hole 6 is prefabricated to be slightly larger than that of the slider wedge combination. When pressurized fluid enters piston cylinder 56, the piston is urged downward, as is center wedge 58, which is integral with the piston. Since the center wedge 58 and the counter slide 57 are in contact with each other at inclined surfaces, when the center wedge 58 moves downward, a thrust force in the left-right direction is generated on the counter slide 57. The counter slide 57 has been arranged to slide so that the counter slide 57 will move apart to the left and right, contacting and pressing the rock hole 6 wall, cracking the rock. In the actual use process, due to construction conditions, the shape of the prefabricated hole 6 on the rock is not regular, and inclined holes and bent holes sometimes occur, so that the reaction force applied to the slider wedge combination by the rock is not only in the direction of F1 but also in the direction of F2. Force in the direction of F2 causes deformation and positional offset of the slider wedge combination. Because center wedge 58 is integral with the piston, the piston also deforms and shifts position, and under high pressure, piston cylinder 56 leaks oil. In addition, the force in the direction F1 is not uniform from place to place, and also causes a slight deformation of the slider-wedge combination and the piston, resulting in oil leakage from the piston cylinder 56.

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a prior art piston cleaving rod. The splitting head in this form comprises a first hydraulic cylinder 59 and a plurality of pistons 50. The contact surface of the piston 50 and the hydraulic cylinder 59 is sealed. The components are made of high strength alloy steel. When the splitting rod is in work, the splitting rod is placed into the prefabricated rock hole 6, and the diameter of the hole 6 is prefabricated to be slightly larger than that of the splitting rod during pressure relief. When pressurized fluid enters cylinder one 59, the piston 50 is pushed out, contacting and pressing against the rock bore 6 wall, cracking the rock. Also, in practical use, the shape of the holes 6 prefabricated in the rock is often irregular due to construction conditions. In the presence of a deviated bore hole bend, and when the rock itself has a crack, the reaction force applied to the piston 50 is in the direction of F2 in addition to the direction of F1. The force in the direction of F2 causes the piston 2 to deform slightly and to shift, and the original seal cannot prevent the oil in the cylinder 59 from leaking, and the device fails.

Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional working view of a two-piece cleaving bar. The appearance of the splitting rod is a cylinder, and the diagram is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the cross section. The cleaving rod includes first and

second housings

51, 55 under pressure, first and second

opposed wedges

52, 54, and a fluid tube 53 containing a fluid. Except the rubber tube 53, the other components are made of high-strength alloy steel. The first and

second housings

51 and 55 and the opposing first and

second wedges

52 and 54 together enclose a cavity, which contains high pressure fluid. The elastic rubber tube plays a role in isolating liquid from the metal cavity and also plays a role in sealing. When the splitting rod is in work, the splitting rod is placed in a prefabricated rock hole, and the diameter of the hole is prefabricated to be slightly larger than that of the splitting rod during pressure relief. When the pressurized liquid enters the rubber pipe 53, the rubber pipe 53 expands and presses the first and second pressure-bearing

shells

51 and 55 and the first and

second wedges

52 and 54, so that the first and second pressure-bearing

shells

51 and 55 are separated towards two sides, and the first and

second wedges

52 and 54 also slide towards two sides. The first 51 and second 55 pressure-bearing shells contact and press the wall of the rock hole, so that the rock is cracked. Similarly, in actual use, the preformed holes in the rock are often irregular in shape. The reaction force applied to the first and second pressure-bearing

shells

51 and 55 by the rock is uneven in magnitude and direction, so that the first and second pressure-bearing

shells

51 and 55 deform, gaps between the first and second pressure-bearing

shells

51 and 55 and the first and

second wedges

52 and 54 become large, and the rubber tube 53 is broken under high pressure of internal liquid, thereby causing oil leakage.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the splitting rod of the present invention. It should be noted that the various components of fig. 5-14 are not drawn to scale and, as such, the illustrated dimensions between the various components in the figures are not intended to imply or limit the size or relative sizes of the components. The utility model discloses a main part of splitting stick is made by flexible material, flexible material's shore hardness be less than 50D. The splitting rod is in a shape of a long and thin cylindrical bottle, one or two inlets and outlets are formed in the upper portion of the splitting rod and are connected with a hydraulic pipeline through a quick connector, and the lower portion of the splitting rod is a bottom. Only the upper one of the inlet and outlet forms is described in detail here as an example.

as one embodiment, referred to as embodiment one, as shown in fig. 6a, the flexible rubber-plastic material is a two-layer structure composed of a sealing liner layer 501 made of a flexible rubber-plastic material and a pressure-bearing stress layer 502 made of a high-strength fiber woven fabric, the shore hardness of the flexible rubber-plastic material is less than 50D, and the tensile strength of the high-strength fiber is greater than 100 MPa. The pressure of the high-pressure liquid on the layer wall is born by the high-strength fiber woven cloth, meanwhile, the reaction force of the rock is born by the high-strength fiber woven cloth, and the internal rubber and plastic material plays a role in sealing the liquid. The high-strength fiber woven cloth is a flexible material, has high tensile strength and can completely bear the pressure exerted by internal high-pressure liquid and external rocks. The flexible material can only deform and not be damaged when receiving external rock reaction force with uneven size and direction, and the gap seal of the cavity for containing high-pressure liquid is at the inlet and outlet positions of the sealing liner layer 501, and can not be influenced by the deformation of the flexible pressure bearing stress layer 502 and the sealing liner layer 501, so that oil leakage is avoided.

The inlet and outlet parts of the bearing stress layer 502 are made of hard materials formed by compounding and curing the high-strength fiber woven cloth and a base material. The high-strength fibers and the matrix material are subjected to interface reaction and firmly bonded together in a chemical mode to form a uniform integral hard material. By this process, the bearing layer 502 becomes a two-stage material with a hard top and a soft bottom. The matrix material may be a thermosetting resin such as epoxy resin, phenolic resin, a thermoplastic resin such as polyetheretherketone, rubber, ceramic, metal, etc. all suitable matrices for compounding with high strength fibres. The bearing stress layer 502 is tightly jointed with the inlet and outlet parts of the sealing lining layer 501, the outer side of the bearing stress layer 502 is tightly jointed with one metal reinforcing layer 504, and the inner side of the sealing lining layer 501 is tightly jointed with the other metal reinforcing layer 503. The joint mode is socket joint connection or threaded connection, and interference fit is adopted. Forming an interface of the splitting rod.

When the splitting machine works, the splitting rod is placed into a rock hole, pressurized liquid acts inside the sealing lining layer 501, so that the sealing lining layer 501 and the pressure bearing stress layer 502 expand together, and surrounding rocks are extruded to crack.

As another embodiment, referred to as embodiment two, as shown in fig. 6b, the splitting rod is a flexible sealing and pressure-bearing stress layer 505 made of a high-strength fiber reinforced rubber-plastic material, the tensile strength of the high-strength fiber is greater than 100MPa, the shore hardness of the flexible rubber-plastic material is less than 50D, and the high-strength fiber woven or wound cloth and the rubber-plastic material undergo an interface reaction and are firmly bonded together in a chemical manner to form a uniform integral material. Wherein, the high-strength fiber woven or wound cloth is a framework and has the function of stress, and the rubber plastic material has the function of joint filling. The pressure of the high-pressure liquid on the layer wall is born by the high-strength fiber reinforced rubber-plastic material, meanwhile, the reaction force of the rock is born by the high-strength fiber reinforced rubber-plastic material, and the high-strength fiber reinforced rubber-plastic material also plays a role of sealing the liquid. The high-strength fiber reinforced rubber plastic material is a flexible material, has high tensile strength, and can completely bear the pressure applied by internal high-pressure liquid and external rocks. The flexible material can only deform and not be damaged when receiving the non-uniform size and the non-uniform direction of external rock reaction force, and the gap seal of the cavity for containing high-pressure liquid is at the inlet and outlet positions of the sealed and bearing stress layer 505, and can not be influenced by the deformation of the layer 505, so that oil leakage can be avoided.

The inner sides of the inlet and outlet parts of the sealed and pressure-bearing stress layer 505 are tightly jointed with the metal reinforcing layer 503, the outer layer is tightly jointed with the metal reinforcing layer 504 to form the interface of the splitting rod, and the jointing mode is socket joint or threaded joint, and the jointing mode adopts interference fit. It should be noted that the present invention is focused on providing new materials and new structures as the pressure-bearing stress element, so the design structures of the pressure-bearing stress element and the sealing element are mainly shown in the drawings, and the inlet and the outlet of the cleavage rod member are only roughly drawn and not illustrated in detail.

When the splitter works, the splitting rod is placed in a rock hole, and pressurized liquid acts on the inside of the sealing and bearing stress layer 505 to expand the sealing and bearing stress layer, so that surrounding rocks are extruded to crack.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 14, at the bottleneck position, the metal reinforcing layer 503 tightly bonded to the inside of the entrance and exit portions of the lining sealing layer 501 and the pressure-bearing layer 505 is formed into a long and curved pressing piece, and is bent to fit the bottleneck. When the internal liquid pressure F acts on the pressing sheet, the metal is elastically deformed, and the pressing sheet part moves upwards to press the sealing lining layer 501 or the sealing and bearing stress layer 505, so that the sealing effect is further achieved.

The embodiment of the utility model provides a flexible pressure-bearing stress layer 502 in one, high strength fiber woven cloth adopts one or several kinds of all high strength fiber such as carbon fiber, aramid fiber, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, boron fiber, glass fiber, polyester fiber, polyamide fiber to weave and make, should weave cloth and can have a plurality of layers. Innerliner 501 is made of a flexible rubber or flexible plastic material that may be a flexible variety of synthetic rubbers, natural rubber, reclaimed rubber, thermoplastic elastomers, commodity plastics, engineering plastics, thermoset plastics, and the like.

The utility model discloses a flexible seal and pressure-bearing stress layer 505 in the embodiment two, fiber cloth among the high strength fiber reinforcing rubber and plastic material adopts one or several kinds of weaving or the winding of all high strength fiber such as carbon fiber, aramid fiber, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, boron fiber, glass fiber, polyester fiber, polyamide fiber to make, and is compound as an organic whole with the rubber and plastic material simultaneously. The woven or wound cloth may have several layers. The rubber-plastic material can be various flexible rubbers and plastics.

Fig. 7 is schematic cross-sectional views of two forms of the splitting rod with a two-layer structure according to the present invention, wherein the sealing liner 501 of the splitting rod is provided with a plurality of folds along the circumferential direction, so that after the pressurized liquid is filled, the folds are stretched, and the diameter of the splitting rod is increased; or the sealing lining layer 501 of the cleaving rod is made of elastic rubber or elastic plastic material, so that the diameter of the cleaving rod is increased after the cleaving rod is filled with the pressurized liquid; the pressure-bearing stress layer 502 of the splitting rod is provided with a plurality of folds along the circumferential direction, so that the folds are stretched after the pressurized liquid is filled, and the diameter of the splitting rod is increased; or the pressure-bearing stress layer 502 of the splitting rod is made of elastic cloth woven by high-strength fibers, so that the diameter of the splitting rod is increased after the splitting rod is filled with pressurized liquid, and the tensile strength of the high-strength fibers is more than 100 MPa. The two forms of the two-layer structure can be combined at will.

During operation, the cleaving rod is placed in a preformed rock hole, the diameter of which is preformed to be slightly larger than that of the cleaving rod. When pressurized liquid enters the splitting rod, the folds of the splitting rod are gradually flattened and stretched or the diameter of the folds is increased, the diameter of the whole device is gradually increased until the folds contact the wall of the rock hole, and pressurization is continued, so that the surrounding rock is squeezed to crack. In the process, the tremendous pressure exerted by the internal high pressure liquid on the cleaving rod member and the reaction forces generated by the external rock are taken up by the flexible pressure bearing stress layer 502. The high-strength fiber woven cloth is tightly woven by adopting an advanced method, so that the flexible sealing lining layer 501 made of rubber and plastic materials can seal the pores of the woven cloth, and high-pressure liquid is sealed in the sealing lining layer 501 and cannot leak. When the cleaving bar member expands until the pressure bearing stress layer 502 is fully extended, the operation stops and is relieved and the cleaving bar retracts.

Fig. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of two forms of the single-layer structure cleaving rod of the present invention, wherein the sealing and pressure-bearing layer 505 is provided with a plurality of folds along the circumferential direction, so that after the pressurized liquid is filled, the folds are stretched and the diameter of the cleaving rod is increased; or the sealing and bearing stress layer 505 is formed by compounding elastic cloth woven by the high-strength fibers and elastic rubber or elastic plastic, so that the diameter of the splitting rod is increased after the splitting rod is filled with pressurized liquid, and the tensile strength of the high-strength fibers is more than 100 MPa.

During operation, the cleaving rod is placed in a preformed rock hole, the diameter of which is preformed to be slightly larger than that of the cleaving rod. When pressurized liquid enters the splitting rod, the folds of the splitting rod are gradually flattened and stretched or the diameter of the folds is increased, the diameter of the whole device is gradually increased until the folds contact the wall of the rock hole, and pressurization is continued, so that the surrounding rock is squeezed to crack. In the process, the tremendous pressure exerted by the internal high pressure liquid on the cleaving rod member and the reaction forces generated by the external rock against it are taken up by the sealing and bearing stress layer 505. The high-strength fiber woven or wound cloth for reinforcing the rubber and plastic material is tightly woven or wound by an advanced method, so that the rubber and plastic material can seal and fill the pores of the woven or wound cloth, and high-pressure liquid is sealed in the sealed and pressure-bearing stress layer 505 and cannot leak. When the cleaving bar member is expanded to seal and the pressure bearing stress layer 505 is fully extended, the operation stops and is relieved and the cleaving bar retracts.

In the first or second embodiment, the pressure-bearing force-bearing element is made of flexible material. In the actual use process, when a prefabricated hole (such as an inclined hole and a bent hole) with an irregular shape is encountered or a rock cracks, although the reacting force of the external rock on each part of the splitting rod is uneven in size and direction, the bearing stress layer 502 and the sealing lining layer 501 or the sealing and bearing stress layer 505 are deformed variously, and oil leakage of the cylinder body cannot be caused.

It should be noted here that the number of folds of the sealing liner 501 and the bearing layer 502 shown in fig. 7, and the sealing and bearing layer 505 shown in fig. 8 may be several, and is not limited to the 4 shown.

Fig. 9 is a schematic longitudinal section of the splitting rod with the two forms after the cutting-resistant layer is added, the splitting rod further comprises a cutting-resistant layer 506 sleeved outside the single-layer or two-layer structure, the cutting-resistant layer 506 is cut-resistant fiber woven cloth or non-woven cloth, and the cutting resistance is higher than the national standard level 4. When the splitting rod is in work, the splitting rod expands to crack rock holes, and small broken stones are cracked due to irregular cracking lines. The broken stones are sharp in edge, and under great pressure, great cutting force and needle stick force can be applied to the splitting bar, so that the splitting bar is damaged.

The cutting-proof layer 506 is made of a woven fabric woven from long fibers of all cutting-resistant fibers such as ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers, aramid fibers, metal fibers, glass fibers and the like, or a non-woven fabric bonded and reinforced by short fibers. The woven cloth or the non-woven cloth can be made of single fiber, or can be made of mixed weaving or bonding reinforcement of several fibers. The fibers have high cutting resistance, and the formed cloth also has certain puncture resistance, so that the splitting bar can protect the internal stress and the sealing element from being damaged when being subjected to external broken stone cutting.

The cut-resistant layer 506 is in the shape of a bag. The fixing method of the mouth part of the cut-proof layer 506 can be various simple methods such as binding, bonding or clamping the inner bottleneck by adding a hard ring mouth.

Figure 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a two-layer construction cleaving rod with the addition of two forms of cut resistant layers 506 which are provided with a number of corrugations in the circumferential direction so that after filling with a pressurised liquid the corrugations are stretched and the diameter of the cleaving rod is increased; or the cutting-resistant layer 506 is made of elastic cloth woven by cutting-resistant fibers, so that the diameter of the splitting rod is increased after the pressurized liquid is filled. The deformation principle of the cut-preventing layer 506 is the same as that of the sealing liner layer 501. The two forms of the above-mentioned cut-preventing layer 506 can be arbitrarily matched with the various forms of the pressure-bearing stress-bearing layer 502, the sealing liner layer 501 and the sealing and pressure-bearing stress-bearing layer 505.

Figure 11 is a schematic longitudinal section of a splitting bar of two forms with the addition of a cut resistant layer, a metal retractable sheath. The metal retractable shell 507 is positioned at the outermost layer of the splitting bar, is in a cylindrical shape and consists of at least 1 shell. These shells are designed in a telescopic fashion to provide the expansion. When the splitting rod is in work, the splitting rod expands to crack rock holes, and small broken stones are cracked due to irregular cracking lines. The broken stones are sharp in edge, and under great pressure, great cutting force and needle stick force can be applied to the splitting bar, so that the splitting bar is damaged. The cutting-proof layer 506 sleeved outside the sealing liner 501 and the pressure-bearing stress layer 502 or the sealing and pressure-bearing stress layer 505 is made of fabric made of fiber materials, so that the protection capability is relatively weak, and the cutting-proof layer is damaged and fails when meeting external large cutting force and needling force. A metal retractable sheath 507 is located on the outermost layer of the cleaving bar to protect all other components. The metal material has stronger shearing resistance and puncture resistance, and can ensure that the element taking the fiber as the main body in the inner part is prevented from being damaged. During operation, because the atress is uneven, the scalable shell 507 of metal can take place deformation, and the sharp edge of casing can stick up and cut to inside component, and the effect of anti-cutting layer 506 at this moment changes into the cutting that prevents the casing edge, inside atress of protection and sealing element.

The metal telescopic shell 507 is composed of at least 1 shell, and the telescopic parts between the shells are precisely matched, so that when the splitting rod is designed to be only of a two-layer structure of the metal telescopic shell and an internal sealing layer, internal high-pressure liquid cannot seep out from the gap of the telescopic parts of the shells under the sealing effect of the internal sealing layer. R₀Is the outer radius, R, of the overall structure of the splitting bar_eLIs the yield strength of the metal collapsible casing material and P is the maximum pressure of the liquid inside. When the thickness of the metal retractable shell

When the splitting rod is designed into a two-layer structure with only a metal telescopic shell and an inner sealing layer, the high-pressure liquid cannot leak out. When the thickness of the metal retractable shell

During, this shell intensity is not enough, can produce deformation under the effect of internal and external pressure, leads to the gap increase at the flexible position between the casing of this scalable shell of metal, and the precision fit between the casing is lost efficacy, and the sealing layer can be destroyed from the gap between the casing and extrude, liquid seepage under the effect of inside high-pressure liquid when above-mentioned splitting stick only has two-layer structure equally. Thus the thickness of the metal collapsible housing 507

In time, the outer shell 507 can not be used as a pressure bearing stress element of the splitting rodWhen the device is used, the flexible pressure bearing stress layer 502 or the flexible sealing and pressure bearing stress layer 505 inside the metal telescopic shell 507 can play a pressure bearing and stress bearing role.

Since the main point of the present invention is to provide a flexible pressure-bearing stress element, the thickness of the metal retractable housing 507 is specified to satisfy

Wherein R is₀Radius of the cleaving rod, R_eLThe yield strength of the shell material, P is the maximum pressure of the internal liquid.

If the thickness of metal retractable cover 507

The inner pressure and the outer pressure are borne by the shell 507, and the inner flexible pressure-bearing stress element loses significance.

The benefit that obtains simultaneously is that the shell thickness of the scalable shell 507 of metal is littleer than other forms splitting stick among the prior art's shell thickness, and first like this can alleviate splitting stick weight, and the second can increase splitting stick internal volume, increases inside liquid area of action, makes output pressure improve.

Preferably, the metal retractable housing 507 is formed by stacking and intersecting a plurality of metal arc-shaped pieces arranged along the circumferential direction, the head of any metal arc-shaped piece is positioned at the outer side of the next metal arc-shaped piece, and the tail of any metal arc-shaped piece is positioned at the inner side of the previous metal arc-shaped piece, so that a stacked and intersected scaly structure is formed. The scale is at least one piece, namely one cylinder with one opening; the greater the number of two pieces of the scale, the more flexible the shell 507, the easier it will be to conform to the walls of the rock bore that are deformed. Preferably, each of the flaps of the housing 507 is secured to an elastic rubber ring 509 so that the flaps can be pulled apart. The upper portion of each scale is bent into a hook shape and hung on the rubber ring 509. Several rubber rings 509 are interconnected by rubber threads to form a skeletal network to which the scale is attached. The upper part of the skeleton net is tied and suspended on a short shell 508 made of elastic material. The short shell 508 is fixed at the inlet and outlet of the bearing stress layer 502 or the sealed bearing stress layer 505 in any way such as binding, bonding or clamping.

The material of the metal retractable housing 507 is a shape memory alloy such as titanium-nickel alloy. The shell 507 made of shape memory alloy deforms when being subjected to uneven external rock hole wall extrusion force and different directions at normal temperature, the flexibility of stretching becomes poor, and the initial shape can be recovered after being heated to a certain temperature, so that the shell can be put into use again.

Figure 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a cleaving bar with the addition of a cut resistant layer and a metal collapsible housing in addition to that of figure 7. As one example, named as example one, as shown in figure 12ab, when the inside of the cleaving rod is emptied and pressure is relieved, the sealing liner 501, the pressure bearing stress layer 502 and the cutting-proof layer 506 have a plurality of folds, the metal telescopic shell 507 is also in a contracted state, and the diameter of the whole device is small. During operation, the cleaving rod is placed in a preformed rock hole, the diameter of which is preformed to be slightly larger than that of the cleaving rod. When pressurized liquid enters the sealing lining layer 501, the folds of the sealing lining layer 501, the pressure-bearing stress layer 502 and the cutting-proof layer 506 are gradually stretched and leveled, the metal telescopic shell 507 is attached and drives the shell pieces to stretch, the diameter of the whole device is gradually increased until the device contacts the wall of the rock hole, and the device is continuously pressurized so as to extrude the surrounding rock to crack. When the splitting rod part expands until the pressure-bearing stress layer 502 is fully extended, the work stops and the pressure is relieved, the sealing lining layer 501, the pressure-bearing stress layer 502 and the cutting-proof layer 506 retract to the original state to generate folds, the shell sheet of the metal telescopic shell 507 contracts, and the diameter of the whole device is reduced and the original state is restored. As another embodiment, named as embodiment two, as shown in fig. 12cd, when the inside of the cleaving rod is emptied and pressure is relieved, the elastic sealing lining layer 501, the elastic pressure bearing stress layer 502 and the elastic cutting-proof layer 506 are in a small-diameter state, the metal telescopic shell 507 is also in a contracted state, and the diameter of the whole device is small. During operation, the cleaving rod is placed in a preformed rock hole, the diameter of which is preformed to be slightly larger than that of the cleaving rod. When pressurized liquid enters the sealing lining layer 501, the pressure-bearing stress layer 502 and the cutting-proof layer 506 are expanded and thickened due to the elasticity of the sealing lining layer, the metal telescopic shell 507 is attached to the metal telescopic shell and drives the shell pieces to stretch out, the diameter of the whole device is gradually increased until the device contacts the wall of a rock hole, and the device is continuously pressurized so as to extrude surrounding rocks to crack. When the splitting rod part expands to the elastic force of the pressure-bearing stress layer 502 and is completely pulled open, the work stops and the pressure is relieved, the sealing lining layer 501, the pressure-bearing stress layer 502 and the cutting-proof layer 506 are shrunk because the elastic force of the sealing lining layer retracts to be original, the shell sheet of the metal telescopic shell 507 is shrunk, and the diameter of the whole device is shrunk and restored to the original shape.

Figure 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a cleaving bar with the addition of a cut resistant layer and a metal collapsible housing in addition to that of figure 8. As one example, named as example one, as shown in figure 13ab, when the inside of the cleaving rod is emptied and decompressed, the sealed and pressure-bearing stress layer 505 and the cutting-proof layer 506 have a plurality of folds, the metal telescopic shell 507 is also in a contracted state, and the diameter of the whole device is small. During operation, the cleaving rod is placed in a preformed rock hole, the diameter of which is preformed to be slightly larger than that of the cleaving rod. When pressurized liquid enters the sealed and pressure-bearing stress layer 505, the folds of the sealed and pressure-bearing stress layer 505 and the cutting-proof layer 506 are gradually stretched and flattened, the metal telescopic shell 507 is attached and drives the shell pieces to stretch, the diameter of the whole device is gradually increased until the device contacts the wall of the rock hole, and the device is continuously pressurized so as to extrude surrounding rocks to crack. When the splitting rod part expands to the state that the sealing bearing stress layer 505 is fully extended, the work stops and the pressure is relieved, the sealing bearing stress layer 505 and the cutting-proof layer 506 retract to the original state to generate folds, the shell sheet of the metal telescopic shell 507 contracts, and the diameter of the whole device is reduced and the original state is restored. As another embodiment, named as the second embodiment, as shown in fig. 13cd, when the inside of the cleaving rod is emptied and pressure is relieved, the elastic sealing and pressure-bearing stress layer 505 and the elastic cutting-proof layer 506 are in a small-diameter state, the metal retractable shell 507 is also in a contracted state, and the diameter of the whole device is small. During operation, the cleaving rod is placed in a preformed rock hole, the diameter of which is preformed to be slightly larger than that of the cleaving rod. When pressurized liquid enters the sealed and pressure-bearing stress layer 505, the sealed and pressure-bearing stress layer 505 and the anti-cutting layer 506 are expanded and thickened due to the elasticity of the sealed and pressure-bearing stress layer, the metal telescopic shell 507 is attached to the metal telescopic shell and drives shell pieces of the metal telescopic shell to stretch, the diameter of the whole device is gradually increased until the device contacts the wall of a rock hole, and the device is continuously pressurized so as to extrude surrounding rocks to crack. When the splitting rod part expands to the state that the sealing is achieved and the elasticity of the pressure-bearing stress layer 505 is completely pulled open, the work stops and the pressure is relieved, the sealing pressure-bearing stress layer 505 and the cutting-proof layer 506 shrink and become smaller due to the fact that the elasticity of the sealing pressure-bearing stress layer retracts, the shell sheet of the metal telescopic shell 507 contracts, and the diameter of the whole device is reduced and returns to the original shape.

Preferably, the hardness of the inlet and outlet positions of the rubber plastic material for manufacturing the sealing liner layer 501 and the sealing and bearing stress layer 505 is increased by changing the formula, so that the shore hardness is greater than 50A, and a two-section material with a hard upper part and a soft lower part is formed. The lower part is flexible to play a role of expansion, and the upper part is hard to better seal the inlet and outlet parts. The sealing mode of the ultra-high pressure equipment is hard sealing, and the soft rubber plastic material loses the sealing performance under the ultra-high pressure.

Preferably, in order to reduce the friction coefficient and prolong the service life of the equipment, the outer surface of the sealing lining layer 501, the inner and outer surfaces of the bearing stress layer 502, the outer surface of the sealing and bearing stress layer 505, the inner and outer surfaces of the cutting-proof layer 506 and the inner surface of the metal telescopic shell 507 are all treated by polytetrafluoroethylene coatings.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing examples, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof. All modifications and equivalents made within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. The splitting rod of the rock splitter is characterized in that a main body of the splitting rod is made of a flexible material, and the Shore hardness of the flexible material is smaller than 50D.

2. The splitting rod of the rock splitter according to claim 1, wherein the body of the splitting rod is a two-layer structure consisting of a sealing liner layer made of a flexible rubber-plastic material and a bearing stress layer made of a high-strength fiber woven cloth, the Shore hardness of the flexible rubber-plastic material is less than 50D, and the tensile strength of the high-strength fiber is greater than 100 MPa.

3. The cleaving rod of claim 1, wherein the cleaving rod has a single-layer structure that is made of a high-strength fiber-reinforced flexible rubber-plastic material and that is sealed and stressed under pressure, the high-strength fiber has a tensile strength greater than 100MPa, and the flexible rubber-plastic material has a shore hardness less than 50D.

4. The cleaving rod of the rock cleaving machine of claim 2, wherein the sealing liner of the cleaving rod is circumferentially provided with a plurality of pleats such that after filling with the pressurized liquid the pleats are stretched and the diameter of the cleaving rod is increased; or the sealing lining layer of the splitting rod is made of elastic rubber and plastic materials, so that the diameter of the splitting rod is increased after the splitting rod is filled with pressurized liquid.

5. The cleaving rod of the rock cleaving machine of claim 2, wherein the pressure-bearing stress layer of the cleaving rod is provided with a plurality of corrugations in a circumferential direction, such that the corrugations are stretched after the pressurized liquid is filled, and the diameter of the cleaving rod is increased; or the pressure-bearing stress layer of the splitting rod is made of elastic cloth woven by high-strength fibers, so that the diameter of the splitting rod is increased after the splitting rod is filled with pressurized liquid, and the tensile strength of the high-strength fibers is greater than 100 MPa.

6. The cleaving rod of the rock cleaving machine of claim 3, wherein the single layer structure is provided with a plurality of corrugations in a circumferential direction, such that after filling with the pressurized liquid the corrugations are stretched and the diameter of the cleaving rod is increased; or the single-layer structure is formed by compounding elastic cloth woven by the high-strength fibers and elastic rubber or elastic plastic, so that the diameter of the splitting rod is increased after the splitting rod is filled with pressurized liquid, and the tensile strength of the high-strength fibers is more than 100 MPa.

7. The cleaving rod of the rock cleaving machine of claim 2, further comprising a cutting prevention layer covering the outer side of the two-layered structure, wherein the cutting prevention layer is a cutting-resistant fiber woven fabric or non-woven fabric.

8. The cleaving rod of the rock cleaving machine of claim 3, further comprising a cutting prevention layer covering the outer side of the single layer structure, wherein the cutting prevention layer is a cutting-resistant fiber woven or non-woven fabric.

9. The cleaving rod of the rock cleaving machine of claim 7 or 8, wherein the cutting resistant layer is provided with a plurality of corrugations in a circumferential direction, such that the corrugations are stretched after the pressurized liquid is filled, and the diameter of the cleaving rod is increased; or the cutting-proof layer is made of elastic cloth woven by cutting-resistant fibers, so that the diameter of the splitting rod is increased after the pressurized liquid is filled.

10. The cleaving rod of the rock cleaving machine of claims 7 or 8, further comprising a metal retractable shell located outermost, the metal retractable shell having a thickness sufficient to allow the cleaving rod to be inserted into the metal retractable shell

11. The cleaving bar of the rock cleaving machine of claim 10, wherein the metal retractable shell is formed by stacking and intersecting a plurality of metal arced sheets uniformly arranged along a circumferential direction, a head portion of any one metal arced sheet is located outside a next metal arced sheet, and a tail portion of any one metal arced sheet is located inside a previous metal arced sheet, thereby forming a stacked and intersected scale-like structure.

12. The cleaving bar of the rock cleaving machine of claim 11, wherein the metal collapsible housing is made of a shape memory alloy.

13. The cleaving rod of the rock cleaving machine according to claim 2, wherein the inlet and outlet portions of the bearing stress layer are made of a hard material formed by compounding and curing the high strength fiber woven cloth and a base material, the bearing stress layer is tightly coupled to the inlet and outlet portions of the sealing liner layer, the outer side of the bearing stress layer is tightly coupled to one metal reinforcing layer, and the inner side of the sealing liner layer is tightly coupled to the other metal reinforcing layer to form a joint of the cleaving rod.

14. The cleaving rod of claim 3, wherein the inner and outer sides of the inlet and outlet portion of the single-layered structure are tightly bonded to the metal reinforcing layer to form a joint of the cleaving rod.

15. The cleaving rod of claim 13, wherein the metal reinforcing layer tightly bonded to the inner side of the inlet/outlet portion of the inner liner is bent to fit the bottleneck at the bottleneck position.

16. The cleaving bar of claim 14, wherein the metal reinforcing layer tightly bonded to the inside of the inlet and outlet portion of the single-layered structure at the neck portion of the bottle is bent to conform to the neck of the bottle.

17. The cleaving rod of the rock cleaving machine according to claim 2, wherein the inlet and outlet portions of the flexible rubber-plastic material of the sealing liner layer are modified in formulation to increase hardness, so that the shore hardness is greater than 50A, and a two-stage material with a hard upper portion and a soft lower portion is formed.

18. The cleaving rod of claim 3, wherein the inlet and outlet portions of the single-layer rubber/plastic material are modified to increase hardness to a shore hardness of greater than 50A, thereby forming a two-stage material with a hard top and a soft bottom.

19. The cleaving rod of the rock cleaving machine of claim 7, wherein the outer surface of the sealing liner layer, the inner and outer surfaces of the bearing stress layer, and the inner and outer surfaces of the cut resistant layer are treated with teflon coatings.

20. The cleaving rod of the rock cleaving machine of claim 8, wherein the outer surface of the single layer structure and the inner and outer surfaces of the cutting resistant layer are treated with a teflon coating.

21. The cleaving bar of the rock cleaving machine of claim 10, wherein an inner surface of the metal collapsible housing is treated with a teflon coating.