CN211005237U - System for implementing organic solid waste pyrolysis method - Google Patents
System for implementing organic solid waste pyrolysis method Download PDFInfo
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- CN211005237U CN211005237U CN201920073124.0U CN201920073124U CN211005237U CN 211005237 U CN211005237 U CN 211005237U CN 201920073124 U CN201920073124 U CN 201920073124U CN 211005237 U CN211005237 U CN 211005237U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a system for implement organic solid useless pyrolysis method, the system includes: a nitrogen device; pyrolysis device, pyrolysis device links to each other with nitrogen gas device, and pyrolysis device includes: the device comprises a pyrolysis furnace, an electronic metering scale and a material frame, wherein the material frame is arranged in the furnace body, and the electronic metering scale is positioned outside the pyrolysis furnace and connected with the material frame; the dust separation device is connected with the pyrolysis device; the direct cooling device is connected with the pyrolysis device; the indirect cooling device is respectively connected with the direct cooling device; the filtering device is connected with the indirect cooling device; and the gas storage device is connected with the filtering device. Therefore, the content of tar and impurities in the pyrolysis gas is reduced by adopting a physical cooling method, the deep purification requirement can be met, and the problem of extremely high operation cost caused by a chemical method can be avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of organic solid useless pyrolysis technique and specifically relates to a system for implementing organic solid useless pyrolysis method is related to.
Background
Thermochemical conversion (e.g., carbonization, pyrolysis, gasification) of organic solid waste and other viscous carbonaceous materials (e.g., oil field sludge, mineral mud, industrial sludge, hazardous waste liquid) can produce solid, liquid, and gaseous products, which can be produced into energy forms that can be recovered, easily utilized, easily transported, and easily stored as required, and can supply heat and generate electricity or be used as raw materials for chemical and other industries. Depending on the feedstock and the purpose of the heat treatment, carbonization, gasification, pyrolysis, liquefaction, or other related thermochemical reactions and processes may be used.
Pyrolysis takes a variety of reactor forms, such as moving bed, fixed bed, fluidized bed, ablative bed, suspension furnace, rotary kiln, etc., wherein industrial production is mainly carried out on the moving bed, the fixed bed, the rotary kiln and the fluidized bed. Each pyrolysis mode generally has its specific purpose of recovering primarily one or two of the primary materials in the pyrolysis product.
In the related technology, the low-temperature gas retort has the characteristics of high temperature rise and temperature reduction speed and simple and convenient operation, the stainless steel gas retort can be heated to 300-800 ℃ by electric bars around the outside of the gas retort under the condition of air isolation, the solid product and the oil-gas mixture are generated by pyrolysis, and the whole process takes 30-120 minutes. The solid product is remained in the dry distillation furnace, the oil-gas mixed gas is led out, and the pyrolysis oil and the non-condensable gas are obtained after indirect cooling and direct cooling. However, this method has the following technical problems: the process can not carry out deep purification on the pyrolysis gas, so that the smoke gas after the pyrolysis gas is combusted has high impurity content and needs to be further purified, the operation cost is increased, the pyrolysis gas after being amplified cannot meet the gas quality requirement of an internal combustion engine, the whole seal adopts mechanical seal, the seal effect is poor, and potential safety hazards exist.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model discloses aim at solving one of the technical problem that exists among the prior art at least. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a system for implementing the organic solid waste pyrolysis method, which can effectively purify the pyrolysis gas and improve the quality of the pyrolysis gas.
According to the utility model discloses a system for implementing organic solid useless pyrolysis method, include: a nitrogen device; pyrolysis device, pyrolysis device with the nitrogen gas device links to each other, pyrolysis device includes: the material frame is arranged in the furnace body, and the electronic metering scale is positioned outside the pyrolysis furnace and is connected with the material frame; the dust separation device is connected with the pyrolysis device; the direct cooling device is connected with the pyrolysis device; the indirect cooling device is respectively connected with the direct cooling device; the filtering device is connected with the indirect cooling device; and the gas storage device is connected with the filtering device.
From this, according to the utility model discloses a system for implementing organic solid useless pyrolysis method adopts the physics cooling method to reduce tar and impurity content in the pyrolysis gas, can reach the deep purification requirement, can avoid again bringing the running cost high problem because of the chemical method. Moreover, a graded cooling and purifying system is adopted to respectively obtain light oil products and heavy oil, and the selling price of the oil products is improved. And a graded cooling and purifying system is adopted, so that the operation load of the activated carbon and the pyrolytic carbon is reduced, and the service life is prolonged.
In some examples of the present invention, the pyrolysis furnace comprises: the top cover is mounted at the top of the furnace body in a sealing mode, a connecting rod is connected between the material frame and the electronic metering scale, and the connecting rod penetrates through the top cover.
In some examples of the present invention, the furnace body is provided with a liquid seal groove that opens upward, the lower end of the top cover extends into the liquid seal groove, the inlet of the liquid seal groove is located the lower part of the liquid seal groove and the outlet is located the upper part of the liquid seal groove.
In some examples of the invention, the bottom of the furnace body is provided with a plurality of nitrogen inlets.
In some examples of the invention, the indirect cooling device is further connected to the pyrolysis device.
In some examples of the present invention, the direct cooling device is a plurality of direct cooling devices, and the direct cooling devices are connected in sequence.
In some examples of the invention, the system further comprises: the direct cooling system comprises a heat exchange device and a refrigerator, wherein a cooling liquid pipeline is connected among the heat exchange device, the refrigerator, the direct cooling device and the indirect cooling device.
In some examples of the present invention, the direct cooling device has a pyrolysis oil gas inlet and a coolant inlet, the pyrolysis oil gas inlet is located in a bottom of the pyrolysis device, and the coolant inlet is located in a top of the pyrolysis device.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of an organic solid waste pyrolysis process according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic step diagram of an organic solid waste pyrolysis process according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a system for implementing an organic solid waste pyrolysis process in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of a pyrolysis apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
a system 100;
a nitrogen device 1; a pyrolysis apparatus 2; a dust separating device 3; a direct cooling device 4; an indirect cooling device 5; a heat exchange device 6; a refrigerator 7; a cold trap 8; a filter 9; a mass flow meter 10; a vacuum pump 11; a gas storage device 12; a pump 13;
an electronic weighing scale 201; a liquid seal tank 202; an inlet 203; a heater 204; a nitrogen inlet 205; a sealing joint 206; an outlet 207; a material frame 208; a thermocouple 209; a connecting rod 210; a top cover 211; a furnace body 212.
Detailed Description
An organic solid waste pyrolysis method according to an embodiment of the present invention is described below with reference to fig. 1 and 2.
As shown in fig. 1, an organic solid waste pyrolysis method according to an embodiment of the present invention may include the following steps: s1, feeding the organic solid waste into the pyrolysis device 2, and carrying out pyrolysis after the pyrolysis device 2 is subjected to liquid sealing to obtain pyrolysis oil gas and pyrolysis carbon. The pyrolysis device 2 has no strict requirements on the raw materials, and can meet the requirement of treating the raw materials with different shapes. The pyrolysis apparatus 2 includes a material block 208, and different material blocks 208 are selected for different raw materials. According to the characteristics of the materials, when the material is used for processing granular materials with the grain diameter larger than or equal to 1mm, the material frame 208 is a net-shaped material frame 208 with different pore diameters; when used for processing powder, the frame 208 is preferably a non-porous frame 208. Therefore, the pyrolysis device 2 can meet the treatment of various wastes including organic solid wastes, medical sludge, chemical sludge, pharmaceutical factory wastes, paper mill wastes and waste circuit boards, and can also meet the resource recycling of waste tires, waste plastics, organic solid wastes, coal, oil shale and the like.
The pyrolysis apparatus 2 may include: the pyrolysis furnace comprises a top cover 211 and a furnace body 212, wherein the top cover 211 and the furnace body 212 are sealed by liquid, for example, the furnace body 212 may be provided with a liquid seal tank 202, and the lower end of the top cover 211 extends into the liquid seal tank 202 to be sealed by liquid. The liquid seal can improve the sealing effect of the pyrolysis device 2, the operation is convenient, and once the outlet line of the pyrolysis device 2 has overpressure abnormality, the pressure can be released in time, and the device is safe and reliable.
After the prepared materials are loaded into the material frame 208, the materials are placed into the pyrolysis furnace, the furnace door is closed and the nitrogen connecting pipe and the pyrolysis gas outlet connecting pipe are connected, when the whole oil gas pipeline valve is ensured to be opened, a certain amount of nitrogen is introduced into the furnace cavity, the nitrogen is provided by the nitrogen device 1, the inside of the whole system 100 is replaced for 2-3 times, the inside air is removed, and the air release valve is closed, so that the air tightness of the whole system 100 is ensured to be good. Wherein, the nitrogen device 1 can be a nitrogen bottle.
The pyrolysis apparatus further comprises: an electronic metering device, which may be an electronic metering scale 201. The electronic weighing scale 201 is connected with the material frame 208 through a connecting rod, a temperature rising program is set in the remote computer control system 100, generally, the whole temperature rising is divided into three stages, the three stages are a drying stage, a pyrolysis stage and a thermal cracking stage respectively, the drying stage is used for rising the internal temperature of the pyrolysis device 2 to a first preset temperature and preserving heat for a first preset time, the pyrolysis stage is used for rising the internal temperature of the pyrolysis device 2 from the first preset temperature to a second preset temperature and preserving heat for a second preset time, and the thermal cracking stage is used for rising the internal temperature of the pyrolysis device 2 from the second preset temperature to a third preset temperature and preserving heat for a third preset time.
Specifically, the first stage is a drying process, the temperature of a hearth is increased to 300 ℃, then the temperature is kept for 5-100min, preferably 15-45min, and the temperature increase rate is controlled at 5-50 ℃/min, preferably 15-30 min; the second stage is a pyrolysis stage, wherein the temperature of a hearth is increased from 300 ℃ to 500 ℃ and then is kept for 5-100min, preferably 20-60min, and the temperature increase rate is controlled at 5-50 ℃/min, preferably 15-30 min; the third stage is thermal cracking stage, in which the temperature of the hearth is raised from 500 deg.C to 1000 deg.C, and the temperature is maintained for 5-100min, preferably 10-30min, and the temperature raising rate is controlled at 15-30 deg.C/min, preferably 15-25 min. The furnace shutdown time is mainly judged by the quality change condition of the material after pyrolysis is finished. The end of the furnace chamber is controlled according to the change condition of the data of the electronic weighing scale 201 in the pyrolysis process, the judgment basis is that the difference of the data displayed by the electronic weighing scale 201 is within 0.5 percent after the electronic weighing scale lasts for 30 minutes, the pyrolysis is finished, and the heating device is automatically shut down.
The pyrolysis device 2 comprises a pyrolysis furnace and a heater 204, the heater 204 is started, heat is radiated and heated from the periphery of the pyrolysis furnace to the inside of the hearth, the temperature of the material on the outer side of the material frame 208 is firstly increased, the heated material continuously transfers heat inwards, and the temperature of the material in the furnace is increased. The material frame 208 with the net shape is adopted for containing the particle materials, the radiation heat transfer effect is enhanced, and the material temperature rising speed is increased. With continuous heating, the material is heated continuously, the water vapor generated by drying firstly enters the rear end, then the organic light component begins to volatilize, and then the heavy component is cracked. In the whole process, because the component contents of each temperature section are different, the reaction time is different, and the direct expression is that the weight of the solid material displayed by the electronic metering scale 201 is continuously reduced, and simultaneously, a curve of the weight change along with the temperature change is displayed by a remote control computer. The outer sides of the heating pipes around the hearth are made of high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating materials and can be detached and installed independently, so that a single or a plurality of heating pipes can be installed and changed, and the service life is prolonged.
Under the heating effect of the heating pipe, the raw materials are gradually heated in the closed space, and gas products, liquid products and solid products are generated at the temperature of 200-1000 ℃ for 15-240 minutes. And the pressure of the hearth is controlled to be +/-2 kPa in the whole pyrolysis process. The generated gaseous substances are quickly led out of the hearth through the oil gas outlet. The number of the oil gas outlets is 1-6, and the oil gas outlets are respectively arranged at the top and the bottom of the furnace.
And S2, sending the pyrolysis oil gas into a cooling device for cooling to obtain pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis gas. It should be noted that, because the pyrolysis oil gas contains dust, the pyrolysis oil gas may pass through the dust separation device 3 before entering the cooling device, and the dust separation device 3 may remove the dust, and specifically, the dust separation device 3 may be a cyclone separator.
Under the action of the vacuum pump 11, gas products generated by heating the materials are led out to the cyclone separator through the route of the furnace top or the furnace bottom of the pyrolysis furnace (oil gas outlet of the furnace top or the furnace bottom is selected according to raw materials or specific process requirements) for dust removal, a small amount of dust carried out in the gas is removed, and the gas is respectively sent into the direct cooling device 4 and the indirect cooling device 5. The direct cooling device 4 may be a direct cooling tower, and the indirect cooling device 5 may be an indirect cooling tower. That is, the pyrolysis oil gas outlet can be divided into two paths, one path is connected with the pyrolysis oil gas inlet of the direct cooling device 4, and the other path is connected with the pyrolysis oil gas inlet of the indirect cooling tower.
Of course, the pyrolysis oil gas cooled by the direct cooling device 4 can also be sent into the indirect cooling device 5. So, through many times cooling filtration, can be effectively with pyrolysis oil gas cooling, can separate out pyrolysis oil. Wherein, select a plurality of direct cooling devices 4, after multistage cooling like this, the pyrolysis gas can reentrant in intercooling device 5, and the temperature of pyrolysis gas is lower like this, and the oiliness is also lower.
The direct cooling device 4 is connected with the heat exchange device 6, and the refrigerating machine 7 can provide cooling liquid for the direct cooling device 4 and the heat exchange device 6. As shown in figure 3, in order to ensure that most of the heavy oil is cooled and recovered, a refrigerating machine 7 is adopted to carry out heat exchange and temperature reduction on cooling liquid of the direct cooling towers, the temperature of the cooling liquid is always kept below 80 ℃, preferably 10-50 ℃, and the pyrolysis gas is controlled by an adjusting valve to pass through two direct cooling towers in series or pass through each direct cooling tower independently. The pyrolysis gas cooled by the direct cooling tower enters the indirect cooling tower to indirectly exchange heat with the cooling liquid, the temperature of the cooling liquid inlet in the heat exchange device 6 is controlled below 20 ℃, preferably 5-15 ℃, the temperature of the pyrolysis gas discharged from the indirect cooling tower is controlled below 65 ℃, preferably 30-45 ℃, and the cooling of most of light oil can be met.
And S3, feeding the pyrolysis gas into a filtering device for filtering. Wherein the pyrolysis gas cooled by the cold trap 8 is passed through a filter 9. Considering the limited residence time of the pyrolysis gas in the indirect cooling tower, even if part of the pyrolysis gas reaches the dew point, the pyrolysis gas is difficult to cool down in the indirect cooling tower, and enters the cold trap 8 together with the pyrolysis gas for further cooling and condensation. The two cold traps 8 can be used in series or in parallel and can be independently used, and can be adjusted according to the gas quantity and the temperature of the pyrolysis gas. When the pyrolysis gas is fast and high in temperature and is difficult to cool, the cooling effect can be accelerated by adjusting the valve of the refrigerating machine 7 and the temperature of the circulating liquid. By adopting the cooler, the direct cooling effect and the indirect cooling effect can be achieved, the quality of oil cannot be influenced, and meanwhile, the cooler is easy to disassemble and clean.
Connection relationship between the cooling liquid, the heat exchanging device 6, the pump 13 and the refrigerator 7: after heat exchange between the cooling liquid and the pyrolysis gas in the direct cooling tower, the cooling liquid enters a heat exchange device 6 to be cooled by a cooling medium, the cooling medium is from a refrigerator 7, and the temperature of the cooling liquid is always kept below 80 ℃, preferably 10-50 ℃. The source of the cooling liquid of the indirect cooling tower is the cooling medium of the refrigerator 7.
And S4, storing the filtered pyrolysis gas in the gas storage device 12. 98% of pyrolysis oil in the pyrolysis gas cooled by the direct cooling tower, the indirect cooling tower and the cold trap 8 is condensed, but 1-1.8% of pyrolysis oil enters the rear-section filter 9 along with the pyrolysis gas because the residence time of the pyrolysis gas in the whole cold trap 8 is short. Pyrolysis gas is introduced from the bottom of the filter 9, the pyrolysis gas is uniformly distributed at the bottom of the filter 9 through the gas distributor, the pyrolysis gas can desorb tiny oil drops in the pyrolysis gas when passing through the pyrolytic carbon, and after the pyrolysis gas enters the activated carbon layer, impurity gas and tiny tar in the pyrolysis gas are further desorbed. The tar content in the pyrolysis gas is reduced to 50mg/Nm3 after passing through the filter 9, the tar content of most material pyrolysis gas can be reduced to be within 20mg/Nm3, and the pyrolysis gas can be used as an energy source to meet the requirements of most high-standard gas systems 100 and achieve long-term full-load operation, such as a gas turbine, a heat accumulating type radiant tube and the like.
The pyrolysis gas after passing through the secondary filter 9 is led out under the action of a vacuum pump 11, the gas is firstly measured by a mass flow meter 10, and finally the obtained non-condensable gas is sent into a gas storage device 12 for storage or sent into a combustor for combustion. An air bag gas taking device is provided between the mass flow meter 10 and the vacuum pump 11 to collect a small amount of mixed gas for detecting gas components. The gas storage device 12 is a gas tank or a gas holder.
From this, according to the utility model discloses organic solid useless pyrolysis method adopts the physics cooling method to reduce tar and impurity content in the pyrolysis gas, can reach the deep purification requirement, can avoid again bringing the running cost high problem because of the chemical method. And, pyrolysis device 2 adopts liquid seal, and sealed effect is better than mechanical seal, the operation is swift convenient on the one hand, and on the other hand once the furnace has the superpressure unusually, also can in time release safe and reliable.
As shown in fig. 3, a system 100 for implementing an organic solid waste pyrolysis method according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: the device comprises a nitrogen device 1, a pyrolysis device 2, a direct cooling device 4, an indirect cooling device 5, a filtering device and a gas storage device 12.
As shown in fig. 4, an electronic metering device is disposed outside the pyrolysis furnace and is connected to the block 208 to calculate the weight at the block 208. The material frame 208 is connected with an upper electronic metering device through a connecting rod, and the electronic metering device is connected with a remote computer. Wherein, the electronic metering device is an electronic metering scale 201. The pyrolysis furnace comprises: top cap 211 and furnace body 212, top cap 211 are installed at the top of furnace body 212, and connecting rod 210 passes top cap 211 in order to link to each other material frame 208 and electronic weigher 201, and the leakproofness of pyrolysis device 2 can be guaranteed in this setting, can detect the material pyrolysis condition in real time moreover, can provide abundant data support for engineering application. The top cover 211 is provided with a sealing joint 206, the sealing joint 206 being penetrated by the connecting rod 210. The bottom of the furnace body 212 is provided with a thermocouple 209, and the thermocouple 209 is used for heating.
As shown in fig. 4, the furnace body 212 is provided with a liquid seal tank 202 which is open upward, the lower end of the top cover 211 extends into the liquid seal tank 202, the inlet 203 of the liquid seal tank 202 is located at the lower part of the liquid seal tank 202, and the outlet 207 of the liquid seal tank 202 is located at the upper part of the liquid seal tank 202. Thus, the liquid seal groove 202 can function as a liquid seal for the pyrolysis apparatus 2, and can improve the sealing performance and safety of the pyrolysis apparatus 2.
The bottom of the furnace body 212 is provided with a plurality of nitrogen inlets 205. Through setting up a plurality of nitrogen gas inlets 205, can improve the efficiency that nitrogen gas sweeps away the pyrolysis oven, can accomplish the process of taking a breath fast.
The nitrogen inlet 205 is arranged at the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace and is connected with the outlet of the nitrogen bottle, nitrogen is introduced into the hearth before pyrolysis starts and after pyrolysis ends, the atmosphere of the hearth is replaced, each time of purging is maintained at 3-15min, the nitrogen flow rate is controlled at 5-60L/min, and the single-time purging amount of the nitrogen is controlled at 3-20 times of the volume of the hearth, so that the total purging time can be controlled according to the volume of the hearth.
The system 100 further comprises a dust separation device 3, the dust separation device 3 can be a cyclone separator, the cyclone separator comprises a pyrolysis oil gas inlet and a pyrolysis oil gas outlet, and the pyrolysis oil gas inlet is connected with the pyrolysis oil gas outlet of the pyrolysis furnace to meet the dust removal requirement of pyrolysis oil gas products. In order to meet the requirement that the data recorded by the electronic metering scale 201 are data of the material frame 208 and materials, a connecting pipe of the material frame 208 and a top cover of the pyrolysis furnace adopt a water seal or other liquid seal devices, and the pressure of a hearth in the whole pyrolysis process is controlled to be +/-2 kpa, so that the height of the liquid seal tank 202 is controlled to be more than 25 cm.
During the pyrolysis process, as the thermal cracking of the material proceeds, the weight of the material is continuously reduced, the metering data of the electronic metering scale 201 is continuously changed, and the electronic metering scale 201 is connected with a remote computer, so that the change curve of the material quality along with the pyrolysis time can be displayed in the computer. The end of the hearth is controlled by the change condition of the data of the electronic weighing scale 201 in the pyrolysis process, and the judgment basis is that the difference of the data displayed by the electronic weighing scale 201 is within 0.5 percent after the electronic weighing scale 201 lasts for 30 minutes, which indicates that the pyrolysis is finished, and the heating device is automatically shut down. The method is characterized in that an electronic recording scale and a remote computer control system are adopted to directly obtain the weight loss curve of the material pyrolysis process, and data support is provided for engineering application.
The periphery of the outer wall of the pyrolysis furnace is provided with heating devices which are uniformly arranged, when the small pyrolysis furnace is designed, the single treatment capacity is within 50kg, an electric heating rod can be adopted for heating, and when the single treatment capacity is above 50kg, a heat accumulating type radiant tube heating device can be selected for heating. The heating pipes are uniformly arranged on the periphery of the whole outgoing hearth, and the maximum design temperature of the radiation pipes is 1200 ℃. In addition, according to the difference of pyrolysis materials, molten salt can be selected as a heating source to heat the materials. According to the characteristics of the materials, when the material is used for processing granular materials with the grain diameter larger than or equal to 1mm, the material frame 208 is a net-shaped material frame 208 with different pore diameters; when used for processing powder, the frame 208 is preferably a non-porous frame 208. And the pyrolysis furnace adopts liquid seal, and on the one hand sealed effect is better than mechanical seal, the operation is swift convenient, and on the other hand once the furnace has the superpressure unusually, also can in time release safe and reliable.
The direct cooling device 4 is connected with the pyrolysis device 2 through a cyclone separator, the indirect cooling device 5 is connected with the direct cooling device 4, and in addition, the indirect cooling device 5 can also be connected with the pyrolysis device 2. Wherein, the pyrolysis oil gas outlet of the cyclone separator can be divided into two paths, one path is connected with the pyrolysis oil gas inlet of the direct cooling device 4, and the other path is connected with the pyrolysis oil gas inlet of the indirect cooling device 5. Direct cooling device 4 is direct cooling tower, and direct cooling tower includes coolant liquid inlet, pyrolysis oil gas import, pyrolysis gas export, coolant liquid export, and the coolant liquid import is located direct cooling tower top, and the pyrolysis oil gas import is located direct cooling tower bottom, and the coolant liquid import links to each other with pump 13, and the coolant liquid export links to each other with heat transfer device 6.
The number of the direct cooling devices 4 is multiple, and the multiple direct cooling devices 4 are connected in sequence. As shown in FIG. 3, two direct cooling towers can be used, and each tower can be used independently or in series. Thus, the pyrolysis gas can be cooled in multiple stages, so that pyrolysis oil can be better separated.
The indirect cooling device 5 is an indirect cooling tower, the cooling liquid inlet of the indirect cooling tower unit, the pyrolysis oil gas inlet, the pyrolysis gas outlet and the pyrolysis oil outlet are arranged, the indirect cooling tower is two, each tower can be used independently or used in series, the pyrolysis oil gas inlet is connected with the pyrolysis oil gas outlet of the direct cooling tower, the cooling liquid inlet is connected with the cooling liquid outlet of the refrigerator 7, and the indirect cooling tower can be arranged in a single stage or arranged in series in a multi-stage manner. Further, the indirect cooling tower can be a coil type heat exchanger and a plate type heat exchanger.
As shown in fig. 3, the filtering device is connected to the indirect cooling device 5, the filtering device may include a cold trap 8 and a filter 9, the cold trap 8 is connected between the indirect cooling device 5 and the filter 9, and the cold trap 8 includes a pyrolysis gas inlet, a cold liquid inlet, and a pyrolysis gas outlet.
The number of the cold traps 8 is plural, and the plural cold traps 8 are connected in series, and the number of the filters 9 is plural, and the plural filters 9 are connected in series. The cold trap 8 can be arranged in a single stage or a plurality of stages in series, a pyrolysis gas inlet of the cold trap 8 is connected with a pyrolysis oil gas outlet of the indirect cooling tower, and a cold liquid inlet is connected with a cooling liquid outlet of the refrigerating machine 7. The filter 9 is connected between the cold trap 8 and the gas storage device 12, the number of the filters 9 can be two, and the two filters 9 can be a single stage or a series of stages.
And cooling liquid pipelines are connected in series among the heat exchange device 6, the refrigerator 7, the direct cooling device 4 and the indirect cooling device 5. The pyrolysis gas with the temperature lower than 65 ℃ is sent into the two cold traps 8 by the indirect cooling tower, the pyrolysis gas is sent into the tube, the cooling liquid is sent into the shell, and the temperature of the pyrolysis gas is reduced to be within 20 ℃. At this time, 98% of pyrolysis oil in the pyrolysis gas is condensed, but because the residence time of the pyrolysis gas in the whole cold trap 8 is short, 1-1.8% of light oil enters the rear-stage filter 9 together with the pyrolysis gas. The two filters 9 are respectively filled with active carbon with particle size of 3-8mm and pyrolytic carbon with particle size of 1-5mm, and the pyrolytic carbon is arranged in the filters9, the activated carbon is filled in the middle of the bottom and the top of the bottom, and the filling amount of the activated carbon is 1.5 to 3 times of that of the pyrolytic carbon. Pyrolysis gas is introduced from the bottom of the filter 9, the pyrolysis gas is uniformly distributed at the bottom of the filter 9 through the gas distributor, the pyrolysis gas can desorb tiny oil drops in the pyrolysis gas through the pyrolytic carbon, and after the pyrolysis gas enters the activated carbon layer, impurity gas and tiny tar in the pyrolysis gas are further desorbed. The tar content in the pyrolysis gas after passing through the filter 9 is reduced to 50mg/Nm3The tar content of most material pyrolysis gas can be reduced to 20mg/Nm3The energy-saving gas-fired system can be used as energy to meet the requirements of most high-standard gas-fired systems 100, and can run at full load for a long time, such as a gas turbine, a heat accumulating type radiant tube and the like.
The fuel gas metering and storage device comprises a mass flow meter 10, a vacuum pump 11 and a gas storage device 12. The purified gas is led out from the filter 9 under the action of the vacuum pump 11, the gas is firstly metered by the mass flowmeter 10, and finally the obtained gas is sent into the gas storage device 12 for storage.
From this, according to the utility model discloses the system 100 of implementing organic solid useless pyrolysis method adopts the physics cooling method to reduce tar and impurity content in the pyrolysis gas, can reach the deep purification requirement, can avoid again bringing the running cost high problem because of the chemical method. Moreover, the graded cooling and purifying system 100 is adopted to respectively obtain light oil products and heavy oil products, thereby increasing the selling price of the oil products. And the graded cooling and purifying system 100 is adopted, so that the operation load of the activated carbon and the pyrolytic carbon is reduced, and the service life is prolonged.
Specific examples are given below.
Organic solid waste with the granularity of 0.5-1 mm (the analysis data of the organic solid waste is shown in the table 1). After the prepared materials are loaded into the material frame 208, the materials are loaded into the pyrolysis furnace with a single loading capacity of 10kg, the furnace door is closed and the nitrogen connecting pipe and the pyrolysis gas outlet connecting pipe are connected, after the hearth airtightness is checked to be abnormal, a temperature rise program is set in the remote computer control system 100, generally, the whole temperature rise is set to be three stages, namely a first stage: raising the temperature of the hearth to 300 ℃, and then preserving the heat for 30min, wherein the temperature raising rate is controlled at 15 ℃/min; and a second stage: the temperature of a hearth is controlled from 30 DEG CRaising the temperature to 500 ℃ at 0 ℃, and then preserving the heat for 50min, wherein the temperature raising rate is controlled at 30 ℃/min; and a third stage: and (3) raising the temperature of the hearth from 500 ℃ to 850 ℃, and then keeping the temperature for 30min, wherein the temperature raising rate is controlled at 15 ℃/min. Under the heating action of the heating pipe, the raw materials are gradually heated in the closed space to generate a gas product, a liquid product and a solid product. And in the whole pyrolysis process, the pressure of a hearth is controlled to be +/-500 Pa. The generated gaseous substances are quickly led out of the hearth through the top oil gas outlet. The mixed pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolysis enters a cyclone separator for separation, the pyrolysis gas after dust removal in the gas enters a two-stage series direct cooling tower for further cooling, pyrolysis oil gas is sprayed and cooled by a first-stage direct cooling tower, part of heavy oil is cooled and then enters a circulating liquid tank along with cooling liquid, uncooled oil gas is sent into a second-stage direct cooling tower through a gas guiding and spraying pipe at the top of the direct cooling tower, the pyrolysis oil gas is further in reverse contact with the cooling liquid, most of the heavy oil is cooled and then enters the circulating liquid tank along with the cooling liquid, the highest temperature of the oil gas entering the first-stage direct cooling tower is 560 ℃, and the lowest temperature of the pyrolysis gas leaving the second-stage direct cooling tower is reduced to 70 ℃. The low-temperature water or liquid ammonia generated by the vacuum circulating cooling liquid pump 13 and the liquid in the circulating liquid tank carry out indirect heat exchange, and the temperature of the liquid in the circulating liquid tank is controlled not to exceed 65 ℃. The pyrolysis gas condensed by the direct cooling tower enters a coil heat exchanger, the temperature of the pyrolysis gas can be further reduced to below 50 ℃ through heat exchange of a secondary coil heat exchanger, part of light oil can be condensed and recovered, and the other part of light oil enters the rear section along with the pyrolysis gas. The refrigerant fluid for heat exchange of the coil heat exchanger comes from the vacuum circulating coolant pump 13. Pyrolysis gas with the temperature lower than 50 ℃ is sent by the coil heat exchanger and sent into the two-stage cold trap 8, the pyrolysis gas flows through the tube, the refrigerating fluid flows through the shell, and the temperature of the pyrolysis gas is reduced to be within 20 ℃. The refrigerant fluid required for heat exchange of the cold trap 8 is sourced from a vacuum circulating coolant pump 13. The pyrolysis gas cooled by the cold trap 8 enters the rear-section secondary filter 9, the pyrolysis gas is introduced from the bottom of the filter 9, the pyrolysis gas is uniformly distributed at the bottom of the filter 9 through the gas distributor, and tar and impurity gas with low dew point in the pyrolysis gas are further removed. The pyrolysis gas passing through the secondary filter 9 is led out under the action of a vacuum pump 11 and firstly passes through the massThe flowmeter 10 measures the gas, and the finally obtained non-condensable gas is sent into a gas tank to be stored or sent into a combustor to be combusted. The tar content in the pyrolysis noncondensable gas after carbon adsorption is detected, and the value of multiple detections is controlled to be 1-9mg/Nm3In the meantime.
The process of the present invention can be operated smoothly for a long period of time, and the yield and the main properties of the obtained relatively stable pyrolysis product are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 analysis results of organic solid waste materials
The process method can be stably operated for a long time, and the equipment failure rate is extremely low.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an illustrative embodiment," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" or the like mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. A system for implementing an organic solid waste pyrolysis process, comprising:
a nitrogen device;
pyrolysis device, pyrolysis device with the nitrogen gas device links to each other, pyrolysis device includes: the material frame is arranged in the pyrolysis furnace body, and the electronic metering scale is positioned outside the pyrolysis furnace and connected with the material frame;
the dust separation device is connected with the pyrolysis device;
the direct cooling device is connected with the pyrolysis device;
the indirect cooling device is respectively connected with the direct cooling device;
the filtering device is connected with the indirect cooling device;
a gas storage device connected to the filtering device, wherein the pyrolysis furnace comprises: top cap and furnace body, top cap seal installation be in the top of furnace body, the material frame with be connected with the connecting rod between the electronic metering scale, the connecting rod passes the top cap, the furnace body is provided with open-ended liquid seal groove up, the lower extreme of top cap stretches into in the liquid seal groove, the import in liquid seal groove is located the lower part and the export in liquid seal groove are located the upper portion in liquid seal groove, the bottom of furnace body is provided with a plurality of nitrogen gas entries, the top cap is provided with sealing joint, sealing joint supplies the connecting rod passes, the bottom of furnace body is provided with the thermocouple, the thermocouple is used for the heating.
2. The system for organic solid waste pyrolysis method of claim 1, wherein the indirect cooling device is further connected to the pyrolysis device.
3. The system for organic solid waste pyrolysis method of claim 1, wherein the number of the direct cooling device is plural, and the plural direct cooling devices are connected in sequence.
4. The system for organic solid waste pyrolysis method of claim 1, further comprising: the direct cooling system comprises a heat exchange device and a refrigerator, wherein a cooling liquid pipeline is connected among the heat exchange device, the refrigerator, the direct cooling device and the indirect cooling device.
5. The system for organic solid waste pyrolysis method of claim 1, wherein the direct cooling device has a pyrolysis oil and gas inlet and a cooling liquid inlet, the pyrolysis oil and gas inlet is located at the bottom of the pyrolysis device, and the cooling liquid inlet is located at the top of the pyrolysis device.
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