CN210953911U - Antibody single molecule detection system based on nano-channel - Google Patents
Antibody single molecule detection system based on nano-channel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN210953911U CN210953911U CN201921617995.0U CN201921617995U CN210953911U CN 210953911 U CN210953911 U CN 210953911U CN 201921617995 U CN201921617995 U CN 201921617995U CN 210953911 U CN210953911 U CN 210953911U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- nano
- antibody
- nanopore
- chamber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Abstract
The utility model relates to an antibody monomolecular detection system based on nanometer passageway belongs to the molecule detection field. The detection system of the utility model comprises an electrolyte solution chamber, a supporting film with a nanometer hole and a current detection system; the current detection system comprises a power supply, an electrode I, an electrode II and an ammeter, wherein the electrode I, the electrode II and the ammeter are respectively connected with the power supply; the supporting film with the nano holes divides the electrolyte solution chamber into a chamber I and a chamber II, the electrode I is arranged in the chamber I, and the electrode II is arranged in the chamber II; the antibody reduction reaction system is arranged in a chamber I; the utility model discloses an in will waiting to detect antibody reduction (or hydrolysis) system and arrange detecting system's cavity in, the signal that the fragment that produces after detecting and obtaining including antibody or antibody reduction (or hydrolysis) passed the nanopore, the signal that the fragment that produces after antibody or antibody reduction (or hydrolysis) and nanopore interact produced has easy operation, effectively improves the reliability that the nanopore detected, realizes the characteristics of the high specificity of antibody and high sensitive detection analysis.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the molecular detection field, concretely relates to antibody monomolecular detection system based on nanochannel.
Background
At present, the antibody detection method based on immune reaction is complex to operate, long in reaction time and difficult to avoid the influence of fluorescent labeling; antibody detection based on gel electrophoresis methods does not allow for the discrimination of similar antibodies (e.g., different subclasses of homogeneous antibodies or antibody molecules of comparable molecular mass); in the existing direct antibody detection method based on the nanopore, antibody molecules are easy to adsorb on the surface of a solid-state pore, so that detection signals are unstable, the repeatability is poor, or the large molecules of the antibody easily cause the gating effect of biological pores, so that the pore blocking phenomenon is caused, and the detection sensitivity and reliability are reduced. How to realize the rapid and sensitive detection of different antibodies is a key technical difficulty faced by the current nanopore detection technology.
Therefore, there is a need for a system that can reduce antibody molecule adsorption and pore blocking, ultimately enabling nanopore multiple antibody detection analysis at the single molecule level.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In view of the above, the present invention is directed to a nanochannel-based antibody single-molecule detection system.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model provides a following technical scheme:
1. a nanochannel-based antibody single-molecule detection system comprising an electrolyte solution chamber, a support membrane with nanopores, and a current detection system; the current detection system comprises a power supply 6, an electrode I8 and an electrode II 9 which are respectively connected with the power supply, and an ammeter 7 is also connected between the power supply and the electrode II; the support film with the nano holes divides the electrolyte solution chamber into a chamber I4 and a chamber II 5, the electrode I is arranged in the chamber I, and the electrode II is arranged in the chamber II.
Preferably, the support film with the nano holes contains one nano hole or a nano hole array consisting of a plurality of nano holes.
Preferably, the nanopore is a biological nanopore, a molecular self-assembly nanopore, and a solid-state nanopore.
Preferably, the biological nanopore or molecular self-assembly nanopore is formed by self-assembly of one or more natural or synthetic DNA, RNA, peptide chains (Peptides) or protein molecules.
Preferably, when the nanopore is a solid nanopore, the support film is a solid nanopore material, and the solid nanopore material is any one of a teflon film, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, aluminum oxide, molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide, graphene/graphene oxide, a carbon nanotube or a glass microtube.
Preferably, when the nanopore is a biological nanopore or a molecular self-assembly nanopore, the support film is composed of a solid-state nanopore material and a phospholipid bilayer adsorbed on the surface of the solid-state nanopore material.
Preferably, the electrode is any one of an Ag/AgCl electrode, a glass electrode, a gold electrode, or a platinum electrode.
Preferably, when the nanopore is a biological nanopore or a molecular self-assembly nanopore, the support film with the nanopore is prepared according to the following method: firstly, preparing a solid-state nanopore material with solid-state nanopores; secondly, adsorbing a phospholipid bilayer on the solid-state nano-pore material with the solid-state nano-pores to form the supporting film; and then the supporting film with the biological nano-pores or the molecular self-assembly nano-pores can be obtained when the supporting film forms the biological nano-pores or the molecular self-assembly nano-pores by a self-assembly method.
The beneficial effects of the utility model reside in that: the utility model discloses an antibody monomolecular detection system based on nanochannel, wherein take the supporting film of nanopore will formation cavity I and cavity II are cut apart to electrolyte solution cavity, the nanopore allows to detect that the specificity structure fragment that is reduced or is hydrolyzed and form in the antibody is passed through and not allow the antibody that awaits measuring to pass through by disulfide bond reductant or hydrolase in treating the antibody, antibody or antibody can produce interact through the fragment homoenergetic that reduces or hydrolyze with the nanopore simultaneously, gather in the galvanometer and obtain different current signal, thereby treat the detection antibody and detect, it easily adsorbs the detection signal that leads to in solid-state hole surface to have solved antibody molecule, the repeatability is poor and the detection sensitivity that biological pore blocking phenomenon that antibody macromolecule arouses leads to is low scheduling problem, realize high specificity and high sensitive detection and analysis
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the means of the instrumentalities and/or combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims.
Drawings
For the purposes of promoting a better understanding of the objects, features and advantages of the invention, reference will now be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a single-molecule detection system for antibody based on nanochannel according to the present invention, which is prepared in example 3;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the single molecule detection principle of the antibody based on the nanochannel prepared in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the results of a gel electrophoresis experiment performed on the reduction reaction system for an antibody to be detected in example 4 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a histogram of the current signal detected by the antibody single molecule detection system based on nanochannel according to the embodiment of the present invention, where a is the characteristic peak of IgG antibody and b is the characteristic peak formed by TCEP reduction product of IgG;
fig. 5 is a diagram showing the result of further analyzing the specific fragment characteristic current signals of different structures detected by the antibody single molecule detection system of the nanochannel according to the embodiment of the present invention 4;
wherein: 1-nanopore, 2-lipid bilayer, 3-support membrane, 4-solution chamber I (cis), 5-solution chamber II (tras), 6-power supply, 7-amperemeter, 8-electrode I, 9-electrode II, 10-antibody molecule, 11-reducing agent, 12-antibody reduction I and 13-antibody reduction II.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in the present specification can be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention, and the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.
Example 1
Preparing a nano-channel-based antibody single-molecule detection system:
(1) preparing a support film of the nano-pores: selecting silicon nitride as a material of the supporting film, preparing and forming a single nanopore on the silicon nitride, and forming the supporting film containing one nanopore, namely the supporting film with the nanopore;
(2) preparing a current detection system: taking Ag/AgCl electrodes as electrode materials of an electrode I and an electrode II, respectively connecting the two electrodes with a negative electrode and a positive electrode of a power supply, and then connecting an ammeter between the electrode II and the positive electrode of the power supply to form a current detection system;
(3) preparing a detection system: and (2) placing the support film with the nano holes prepared in the step (1) in an electrolyte solution chamber, dividing the electrolyte solution chamber into a chamber I and a chamber II, placing the electrode I in the current detection system formed in the step (2) in the chamber I, placing the electrode II in the chamber II, and adding a potassium chloride aqueous solution into the electrolyte solution chamber to serve as an electrolyte solution, so that the antibody monomolecular detection system based on the nano channel can be formed.
Example 2
Preparing a nano-channel-based antibody single-molecule detection system:
(1) preparing a support film of the nano-pores: selecting molybdenum disulfide as a solid-state nanopore material, preparing and forming a nanopore array formed by a plurality of nanopores on aluminum oxide, adsorbing a phospholipid bilayer on the surface of the solid-state nanopore material of the molybdenum disulfide, and preparing and forming biological nanopores on a support film by adopting a natural protein molecule self-assembly mode to form the support film containing the biological nanopore array as the support film with the nanopores;
(2) preparing a current detection system: the glass electrode is used as the electrode material of the electrode I and the electrode II, the two electrodes are respectively connected with the negative electrode and the positive electrode of a power supply, and then an ammeter is connected between the electrode II and the positive electrode of the power supply to form a current detection system;
(3) preparing a detection system: and (2) placing the support film with the nano holes prepared in the step (1) in an electrolyte solution chamber, dividing the electrolyte solution chamber into a chamber I and a chamber II, placing an electrode I in the current detection system formed in the step (2) in the chamber I, placing an electrode II in the chamber II, and adding a lithium chloride aqueous solution into the electrolyte solution chamber to serve as an electrolyte solution, so that the antibody monomolecular detection system based on the nano channel can be formed.
Example 3
Preparing a nano-channel-based antibody single-molecule detection system:
(1) preparing a support film of the nano-pores: selecting a Teflon film as a solid-state nanopore material, preparing and forming a single micropore on the Teflon film, adsorbing a phospholipid bilayer on the surface of the Teflon film solid-state nanopore material, preparing and forming a molecular self-assembly nanopore on a support film by adopting a synthetic protein self-assembly mode, and forming the support film containing the molecular self-assembly nanopore as the support film with the nanopore;
(2) preparing a current detection system: the gold electrode is used as electrode materials of an electrode I and an electrode II, the two electrodes are respectively connected with the negative electrode and the positive electrode of a power supply, and then an ammeter is connected between the electrode II and the positive electrode of the power supply to form a current detection system;
(3) preparing a detection system: and (2) placing the support film with the nano holes prepared in the step (1) in an electrolyte solution chamber, dividing the electrolyte solution chamber into a chamber I and a chamber II, placing the electrode I in the current detection system formed in the step (2) in the chamber I, placing the electrode II in the chamber II, and adding a sodium chloride aqueous solution into the electrolyte solution chamber to serve as an electrolyte solution, so that the antibody monomolecular detection system based on the nano channel can be formed.
The array formed by the single nanopore or the plurality of nanopores formed in the above embodiment can be replaced as required, and the solid-state nanopore material of the support film can be replaced in a teflon film, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, aluminum oxide, molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide, graphene/graphene oxide, a carbon nanotube or a glass microtube as required; the electrode material can be replaced among Ag/AgCl electrodes, glass electrodes, gold electrodes or platinum electrodes according to the requirement; the electrolyte solution can be continuously replaced among a potassium chloride aqueous solution, a sodium chloride aqueous solution, a lithium chloride aqueous solution or an ionic liquid according to the requirement; the same nanopore on the supporting membrane can be a solid-state nanopore (formed by directly using a solid-state nanopore material as a supporting membrane and then preparing the supporting membrane), or a biological nanopore or molecular self-assembly nanopore (formed by self-assembly of one or more natural or artificially synthesized DNA, RNA, peptide chains (Peptides) or protein molecules on the supporting membrane, wherein the supporting membrane consists of the solid-state nanopore material and phospholipid bimolecules adsorbed on the solid-state nanopore material).
Example 4
Antibody IgG was detected using the nanochannel-based antibody single molecule detection system prepared in example 3, the detection system comprising: the detection method comprises the following steps of (1) nanopore 1, phospholipid bilayer 2, support film 3, solution chamber I (cis)4, solution chamber II (tras)5, power supply 6, amperemeter, electrode I8 and electrode II 9, specifically shown in figure 1, and the detection principle schematic diagram is shown in figure 2, and the specific detection method is as follows:
(1) preparing a reduction reaction system of an antibody to be detected: dissolving immunoglobulin G (IgG) of an antibody to be detected in PBS buffer solution with the pH value of 8.0 to prepare stock solution, wherein the content of the IgG in the stock solution is 5mg/ml, adding a disulfide bond reducing agent tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine (TCEP) according to the mass molar ratio of 5:3(g: mmol) of the IgG to the IgG, placing the mixture in a shaking table at 37 ℃ for reaction to obtain an antibody reduction reaction system to be detected, reducing the antibody to be detected by the disulfide bond reducing agent to form fragments, namely shearing the disulfide bond, wherein the antibody reduction reaction system to be detected contains an antibody molecule 10, a reducing agent 11, an antibody reduction product I12 and an antibody reduction product II 13, storing the antibody reduction reaction system to be detected in a refrigerator at-20 ℃ for later use, verifying the prepared antibody reduction reaction system to be detected by an electrophoresis method, and showing the result as shown in figure 3, wherein a strip No. 1 is Marker, and a strip No., No. 3 is the product after TCEP reduces IgG, and proves that TCEP partially reduces IgG antibody;
(2) adding the antibody to be detected reduction reaction system prepared in the step (1) into a chamber I in the detection system prepared in the embodiment 3, collecting a current signal of an ammeter in the detection system, and amplifying the signal by using a low-noise current amplifier (AxoAxoxpatch 200B);
(3) and analyzing the collected current signal to obtain an analysis result of antibody detection, wherein the obtained data is processed and analyzed by utilizing analytical instrument software (Clampfit), and the main analysis object is the amplitude (the magnitude of the blocking current) and the signal duration of IgG and reduction products thereof passing through the nanopore. Fig. 4 is a histogram of the signals detected by the antibody and its reduction product with TCEP in the alpha-hemolysin protein nanopore, where a is the characteristic peak of the detected antibody, and b is the characteristic peak of the reduction product with TCEP, and comparison with the characteristic peak of the standard IgG antibody and its reduction product can achieve effective antibody detection.
(4) The characteristic current signal after the reduction is further analyzed, and the result is shown in fig. 5, which illustrates that the detection system of the present invention can be different according to the structure of the specific fragment, and the change of the characteristic current signal generated by the nanopore can be used to distinguish different functional fragments of the antibody or distinguish or different antibody molecules. Compared with other methods (such as ELISA, single-molecule fluorescence, gel electrophoresis and the like), the detection system of the utility model can realize the detection and analysis without labels, rapidly and instantly, and can avoid the defects that similar functional fragments have similar molecular weights and cannot be distinguished by gel electrophoresis.
The same detection system and detection method prepared by the utility model can realize the corresponding detection of other antibodies (such as immunoglobulin M (IgM), immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin D (IgD), immunoglobulin E (IgE) or specific antibodies (such as HIV) of related diseases) from mouse source, rabbit source or human source, and can also adopt any one of pure water, aqueous solution containing deoxyribonuclease I (DNase), aqueous solution of ribonuclease (RNase) or aqueous solution of proteolytic enzyme (Protease) as a solvent when preparing the stock solution to be detected, and Dithiothreitol (DTT) can also be selected as a corresponding reducing agent; meanwhile, a hydrolytic enzyme can be used for preparing a hydrolysis reaction system of the antibody to be detected, and the corresponding hydrolytic enzyme is papain or pepsin.
In summary, the following steps: the utility model discloses an antibody monomolecular detection system based on nanochannel, wherein take the supporting film of nanopore will electrolyte solution cavity is cut apart and is formed cavity I and cavity II, the nanopore allows to be detected in the antibody by the reduction of disulfide bond reductant or by the specificity structure fragment that hydrolytic enzyme hydrolysis formed to pass through and not allow the antibody that detects to pass through, thereby gather in the galvanometer and obtain different current signal, thereby treat to detect the antibody, solved that antibody molecule easily adsorbs the detection signal that leads to on solid-state hole surface unstability, the repeatability is poor and the detection sensitivity that biological pore blocking phenomenon that antibody macromolecule arouses is low scheduling problem, realize high specificity and high sensitive detection and analysis; adopt simultaneously the utility model discloses an adopt antibody monomolecular detection system based on nanochannel to detect, at first will wait to detect the antibody at detecting system external use disulfide bond reductant or hydrolase and reduce or hydrolyze and form specific structure fragment, then add the cavity among the detecting system, the specific structure fragment through "cutting garrulous" passes through the change of the characteristic current signal that the nanopore produced, can be used for distinguishing different antibody molecules or different functional fragments in the antibody, thereby realize the purpose that detects, and the operation is simple, can effectively improve the reliability that the nanopore detected, realize high specificity and high sensitive detection and analysis's characteristics.
Finally, the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all of them should be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A nanochannel-based antibody single-molecule detection system, comprising an electrolyte solution chamber, a support membrane with nanopores, and a current detection system; the current detection system comprises a power supply (6), an electrode I (8) and an electrode II (9) which are respectively connected with the power supply, and an ammeter (7) is connected between the power supply and the electrode II; the support film with the nano holes divides the electrolyte solution chamber into a chamber I (4) and a chamber II (5), the electrode I is arranged in the chamber I, and the electrode II is arranged in the chamber II.
2. The antibody single-molecule detection system based on the nano-channel, according to claim 1, wherein the support film with the nano-channel comprises a nano-hole or a nano-hole array composed of a plurality of nano-holes, the nano-holes are biological nano-holes, molecular self-assembly nano-holes and solid-state nano-holes, and the biological nano-holes or the molecular self-assembly nano-holes are formed by self-assembly of one or more of natural or artificially synthesized DNA, RNA, peptide chains or protein molecules.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the support membrane is a solid-state nanopore material when the nanopore is a solid-state nanopore.
4. The antibody single-molecule detection system based on the nanochannel according to claim 3, wherein the solid-state nanopore material is any one of a Teflon thin film, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, aluminum oxide, molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide, graphene/graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, or glass microtubules.
5. The system of claim 2, wherein when the nanopore is a biological nanopore or a molecular self-assembly nanopore, the support membrane is composed of a solid-state nanopore material and a phospholipid bilayer adsorbed on the surface of the solid-state nanopore material.
6. The antibody single molecule detection system based on the nano-channel, according to claim 1, wherein the electrode is any one of Ag/AgCl electrode, glass electrode, gold electrode or platinum electrode.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201921617995.0U CN210953911U (en) | 2019-09-26 | 2019-09-26 | Antibody single molecule detection system based on nano-channel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201921617995.0U CN210953911U (en) | 2019-09-26 | 2019-09-26 | Antibody single molecule detection system based on nano-channel |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN210953911U true CN210953911U (en) | 2020-07-07 |
Family
ID=71383605
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201921617995.0U Active CN210953911U (en) | 2019-09-26 | 2019-09-26 | Antibody single molecule detection system based on nano-channel |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN210953911U (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110554079A (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2019-12-10 | 中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院 | Antibody single molecule detection system and method based on nanochannel |
| CN113804869A (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2021-12-17 | 中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院 | Application of nanopore in electrochemical detection of plant resistance gene expression polypeptide and detection method |
-
2019
- 2019-09-26 CN CN201921617995.0U patent/CN210953911U/en active Active
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110554079A (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2019-12-10 | 中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院 | Antibody single molecule detection system and method based on nanochannel |
| CN113804869A (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2021-12-17 | 中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院 | Application of nanopore in electrochemical detection of plant resistance gene expression polypeptide and detection method |
| CN113804869B (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2023-09-05 | 中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院 | Application of nanopore in electrochemical detection of plant resistance gene expression polypeptide and detection method |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Eissa et al. | Voltammetric-based immunosensor for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antigen | |
| Wang et al. | Engineered nanopore of Phi29 DNA-packaging motor for real-time detection of single colon cancer specific antibody in serum | |
| Ding et al. | A holistic review of the state‐of‐the‐art microfluidics for exosome separation: an overview of the current status, existing obstacles, and future outlook | |
| de la Escosura-Muñiz et al. | Nanochannels for diagnostic of thrombin-related diseases in human blood | |
| Tang et al. | Enzyme inhibitor screening by capillary electrophoresis with an on-column immobilized enzyme microreactor created by an ionic binding technique | |
| US7303875B1 (en) | Nano-chem-FET based biosensors | |
| CN110554079A (en) | Antibody single molecule detection system and method based on nanochannel | |
| Geng et al. | Channel size conversion of Phi29 DNA-packaging nanomotor for discrimination of single-and double-stranded nucleic acids | |
| CN210953911U (en) | Antibody single molecule detection system based on nano-channel | |
| Li et al. | Label electrochemical immunosensor for prostate-specific antigen based on graphene and silver hybridized mesoporous silica | |
| Wu et al. | The application of single molecule nanopore sensing for quantitative analysis | |
| US20080268497A1 (en) | Treatment solution, method for pretreatment, method for acquiring information and method for detection | |
| CN104076004A (en) | Method for detecting mercury ionic concentration in sample | |
| Zhang et al. | Chemically functionalized conical PET nanopore for protein detection at the single-molecule level | |
| Kłodzinska et al. | Electrokinetic detection and characterization of intact microorganisms | |
| Fei et al. | Ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescent immunoassay for morphine using a gold electrode modified with CdS quantum dots, polyamidoamine, and gold nanoparticles | |
| Sarkar et al. | Electrochemical immunoassay for Free prostate specific antigen (f‐PSA) using magnetic beads | |
| WO2021231498A3 (en) | Detection assay for anti-sars-cov-2 antibodies | |
| Phillips et al. | Analysis of intracellular regulatory proteins by immunoaffinity capillary electrophoresis coupled with laser‐induced fluorescence detection | |
| CN105567808B (en) | The copper nano particles synthetic method and its application in Electrochemical Detection that rolling circle amplification product is template | |
| CN104849443B (en) | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measuring based on pH meter | |
| Li et al. | Ultrasensitive multiplexed protein biomarker detection based on electrochemical tag incorporated polystyrene spheres as label | |
| Yu et al. | Point-of-care based electrochemical immunoassay for Epstein-Barr virus detection | |
| Zhang et al. | Glucose microfluidic biosensors based on immobilizing glucose oxidase in poly (dimethylsiloxane) electrophoretic microchips | |
| Cao et al. | Single-Molecule Investigation of the Protein–Aptamer Interactions and Sensing Application Inside the Single Glass Nanopore |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |