CN210927073U - Overvoltage protection device and vehicle - Google Patents
Overvoltage protection device and vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN210927073U CN210927073U CN201922430203.5U CN201922430203U CN210927073U CN 210927073 U CN210927073 U CN 210927073U CN 201922430203 U CN201922430203 U CN 201922430203U CN 210927073 U CN210927073 U CN 210927073U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to an overvoltage protector and vehicle, overvoltage protector include first partial pressure branch road, first electronic switch device, second electronic switch device, third electronic switch device, relay and comparator. When the input voltage of a power supply line in a vehicle is higher than the high voltage, the contact switch of the relay on the power supply line can be controlled to be switched off, power supply for electric equipment is stopped, and overvoltage damage to the electric equipment is avoided. And when the input voltage is higher than a certain value, the input voltage is controlled to be directly grounded, and then the fuse on the power supply line is fused due to overcurrent, so that the electric equipment and the overvoltage protection device are protected, and overvoltage damage is avoided. Therefore, the overvoltage protection device can provide secondary protection and improve control reliability.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an overvoltage protector and vehicle.
Background
The electric equipment such as the automobile instrument, the control circuit and the like is provided with working voltage by the vehicle-mounted storage battery or the power battery, and under the normal condition, the overvoltage phenomenon can not occur. However, under special circumstances, such as when the automobile generator fails, an overvoltage condition may occur, and at this time, overvoltage protection needs to be provided for electric equipment such as automobile instruments and control circuits. The current main flow control mode is as follows: when the output voltage is increased due to the fault of the automobile generator, the power supply of the whole automobile is controlled to be cut off, and the rear-stage electric equipment is protected from being damaged. However, most of the existing control methods adopt software control, an overvoltage protection strategy is built in a vehicle controller, and when an overvoltage condition occurs, the vehicle controller controls to cut off a vehicle power supply.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
An object of the utility model is to provide an overvoltage protector and vehicle for solve the relatively poor problem of reliability of current overvoltage protection mode.
In order to solve the problem, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
an overvoltage protection device comprising:
a first voltage division branch;
a first electronic switching device;
a second electronic switching device;
a third electronic switching device;
a relay; and
a comparator;
the input end of the first voltage division branch is used for accessing input voltage, the output end of the first voltage division branch is grounded, the voltage division end of the first voltage division branch is connected with the control end of the first electronic switching device, the input end of the first voltage division branch is connected with the input end of the first electronic switching device through a first resistor module, and the output end of the first electronic switching device is grounded;
the input end of the first voltage division branch is connected with the input end of a control coil of the relay, the output end of the control coil of the relay is connected with the input end of the second electronic switching device, the control end of the second electronic switching device is connected with the input end of the first electronic switching device, and the output end of the second electronic switching device is grounded;
the contact switch of the relay is used for being arranged on a power supply line of a vehicle in series;
the output end of the control coil of the relay is connected with the first input end of the comparator, the second input end of the comparator is used for inputting reference voltage, the output end of the comparator is connected with the control end of the third electronic switching device, the input end of the third electronic switching device is used for being connected with the input voltage, and the output end of the third electronic switching device is grounded.
Optionally, the first voltage-dividing branch comprises a second resistor module, a first voltage-regulator tube, a first diode and a third resistor module which are sequentially connected in series, and a voltage-dividing end of the first voltage-dividing branch is a connection point of the first diode and the second resistor module.
Optionally, the overvoltage protection device further includes a reference voltage output circuit, the reference voltage output circuit includes a fourth resistor module, a second voltage regulator tube, a voltage regulator chip, a first filter capacitor, and a second filter capacitor, one end of the fourth resistor module is used for accessing an input voltage, the other end of the fourth resistor module is connected to one end of the second voltage regulator tube and the input end of the voltage regulator chip, the other end of the second voltage regulator tube is grounded, the second voltage regulator tube is connected in parallel with the first filter capacitor, the output end of the voltage regulator chip is connected to the second filter capacitor, and the output end of the voltage regulator chip outputs the reference voltage.
Optionally, the overvoltage protection device further includes a second voltage-dividing branch, an output end of the voltage stabilization chip is connected to an input end of the second voltage-dividing branch, an output end of the second voltage-dividing branch is grounded, and a voltage-dividing end of the second voltage-dividing branch is connected to the second input end of the comparator.
Optionally, a control end of the first electronic switching device is connected to a third filter capacitor; the control end of the second electronic switch device is grounded through a fifth resistor module, and the fifth resistor module is provided with a fourth filter capacitor in parallel.
Optionally, a second diode and a sixth resistor module are connected in series to a connection line between the output end of the control coil of the relay and the first input end of the comparator, and the first input end of the comparator is grounded through a seventh resistor module.
Optionally, the seventh resistance module is provided with a fifth filter capacitor in parallel.
Optionally, a control coil of the relay is reversely connected with a third diode in parallel.
Optionally, the first electronic switching device and the second electronic switching device are both NPN-type triodes, and the third electronic switching device is a thyristor.
A vehicle comprises the overvoltage protection device.
The utility model has the advantages that: the input voltage is the input voltage of a power supply line in a vehicle, under the normal condition, the voltage ratio of a voltage division end of a first voltage division branch is lower, a first electronic switch device is disconnected, a second electronic switch device is connected, current flows on a control coil of a relay, a contact switch of the relay is connected, the power supply line in the vehicle is connected, and the power supply line is used for normally supplying power for electric equipment; when the input voltage is higher than a certain value, the voltage ratio of the voltage division end of the first voltage division branch is higher, the first electronic switch device is switched on, the second electronic switch device is switched off, no current exists on the control coil of the relay, the contact switch of the relay is switched off, the power supply line in the vehicle is switched off, the power supply for the electric equipment is stopped, and the electric equipment is prevented from being damaged due to overvoltage. Therefore, the overvoltage protection device can provide first-level protection, reliable overvoltage protection is achieved, and compared with the existing mode of software control, control reliability can be improved through a hardware circuit mode. And the comparator compares the input voltage with the reference voltage, when the input voltage is higher than the reference voltage, the input voltage is very high, the output end of the comparator outputs a control signal for the third electronic switch device to control the conduction of the third electronic switch device, the input voltage is directly grounded, because the fuse is usually arranged at the input voltage position or the fuse is usually arranged on a power supply line in a vehicle, then, when the input voltage is directly grounded, the fuse can be fused and protected due to overcurrent, the electric equipment is protected, the overvoltage damage of the electric equipment is avoided, and meanwhile, the overvoltage protection device is protected from being damaged due to overvoltage. Therefore, the overvoltage protection device can provide second-level protection, reliable overvoltage protection is achieved, and compared with the existing mode of software control, control reliability can be improved through a hardware circuit mode. In conclusion, the overvoltage protection device can realize secondary protection, namely relay disconnection and fuse fusing, can control the relay to be disconnected and stop supplying power to the electric equipment, and can control the fuse fusing to further protect the electric equipment when the voltage is over a certain value, so that the reliability of overvoltage protection is greatly improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments are briefly described as follows:
fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of an overvoltage protection device of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of the reference voltage output circuit of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical purpose, technical solution and advantageous effects of the present invention clearer, the following describes the technical solution of the present invention with reference to fig. 1 and 2 and the specific embodiments.
Overvoltage protection device embodiment:
the embodiment provides an overvoltage protection device which comprises a first voltage division branch, a first electronic switching device, a second electronic switching device, a third electronic switching device, a relay K1 and a comparator U1.
In this embodiment, the first electronic switching device and the second electronic switching device are both NPN-type triodes, the first electronic switching device is a triode Q1, and the second electronic switching device is a triode Q2, so that the control terminal of the electronic switching device is a base, the input terminal is a collector, and the output terminal is an emitter. As another embodiment, the first electronic switching device and the second electronic switching device may also be other electrically controlled switching devices, such as N-type MOS transistors. The third electronic switching device is a thyristor Q3, and as another embodiment, the third electronic switching device may also be another electrically controlled switching device, such as a triode or a MOS transistor.
The input end of the first voltage division branch is used for being connected with input voltage, the input voltage is the input voltage of a power supply line in a vehicle, and the specific numerical value of the input voltage is determined by the actual condition of the vehicle. Therefore, the input end of the first voltage-dividing branch may be connected to the input end of a power supply line in a vehicle, and since a FUSE (also referred to as a FUSE) is generally disposed in the power supply line in the vehicle and the FUSE is generally disposed at the input end of the power supply line, the input end of the power supply line is illustrated with FUSE + as a label in fig. 1, which indicates that the FUSE is disposed at the input end. The input terminal of the first voltage-dividing branch is connected to FUSE +, and the output terminal of the first voltage-dividing branch is grounded. The first voltage division branch is used for realizing voltage division so as to control the switching state of the triode Q1, and an electrical component on the first voltage division branch is set according to actual conditions. The second resistor module and other resistor modules in the following description are not unique in implementation, and may be only one resistor, may be formed by connecting at least two resistors in series/parallel, may be a potentiometer, and the like. In this embodiment, a specific implementation manner of each resistance module is given. The second resistance module is a potentiometer RP1, and the resistance value can be changed according to actual needs; the first regulator diode is a regulator diode D1, the first diode is a diode D2, and the third resistor module is a resistor R7.
The voltage dividing end of the first voltage dividing branch is a connection point of a diode D2 and a resistor R7, and the voltage dividing end of the first voltage dividing branch is connected with the base electrode of a triode Q1. The input end of the first voltage division branch is connected with the collector of a triode Q1 through a first resistor module, the first resistor module is formed by connecting a resistor R9 and a resistor R10 in parallel, and the emitter of the triode Q1 is grounded. In order to stabilize the voltage at the base of the transistor Q1, a third filter capacitor, in this embodiment, the third filter capacitor is a capacitor C10, is connected to the base of the transistor Q1.
The input end of the first voltage-dividing branch is connected with the input end of a control coil of the relay K1, and the output end of the control coil of the relay K1 is connected with the collector electrode of the triode Q2. The collector of the transistor Q1 is connected to the base of the transistor Q2, in this embodiment, in order to ensure the unidirectional voltage, the collector of the transistor Q1 is connected to the base of the transistor Q2 through the diode D3; in addition, in order to ensure the stability of the voltage, the base of the triode Q2 is grounded through a fifth resistor module, the fifth resistor module is provided with a fourth filter capacitor in parallel, the fifth resistor module is a resistor R8, and the fourth filter capacitor is a capacitor C9. The emitter of transistor Q2 is connected to ground.
In order to protect the control coil of the relay K1, the control coil of the relay K1 is connected in reverse parallel with a third diode, which is a diode D6.
The contact switch of the relay K1 is used to be arranged in series on a power supply line of a vehicle, in fig. 1, one end of the contact switch of the relay K1 is connected with FUSE +, the other end is connected with OUT +, OUT + represents a voltage output end, and the electric equipment in the vehicle is connected with OUT +, so that the contact switch of the relay K1 can control whether to supply power to the electric equipment in the vehicle, when the contact switch of the relay K1 is turned on, the power is supplied to the electric equipment, and when the contact switch of the relay K1 is turned off, the power supply to the electric equipment is stopped.
The comparator U1 may be an op-amp chip or a conventional comparator. Fig. 1 shows a specific structure of the comparator, only one group of pins is used, and the other group of pins is not used in a floating way. The output end of the control coil of the relay K1 is connected to the first input end of the comparator U1 through a second diode and a sixth resistor module which are arranged IN series, wherein the second diode is a diode D4, the sixth resistor module is a resistor R5, and the first input end of the comparator U1 is a non-inverting input end, that is, the 1IN + pin of the comparator U1. Moreover, the 1IN + pin of the comparator U1 is grounded through the seventh resistor module, which is a potentiometer RP 2. The potentiometer RP2 is provided with a fifth filter capacitor in parallel, and the fifth filter capacitor is formed by connecting a capacitor C2 and a capacitor C8 in parallel.
The second input of comparator U1 is the inverting input, i.e., the 1 IN-pin of comparator U1. The 1 IN-pin of the comparator U1 is used to input a reference voltage, which IN this embodiment is + 5V. The reference voltage may be directly provided by the vehicle, or may be provided by the overvoltage protection device of the present embodiment, and the overvoltage protection device further includes a reference voltage output circuit. The reference voltage output circuit comprises a fourth resistor module, a second voltage regulator tube, a voltage regulator chip U2, a first filter capacitor and a second filter capacitor. The specific values of the input voltage and the output voltage of the voltage stabilizing chip U2 are determined by actual conditions; the fourth resistor module is a resistor R6, the second voltage regulator tube is a voltage regulator tube D5, the first filter capacitor is formed by connecting a capacitor C4 and a capacitor C7 in parallel, and the second filter capacitor is formed by connecting a capacitor C3 and a capacitor C6 in parallel. One end of the resistor R6 is connected with FUSE + for accessing input voltage, the other end of the resistor R6 is connected with one end of a voltage-regulator tube D5 and the input end of a voltage-regulator chip U2, the other end of the voltage-regulator tube D5 is grounded, and the voltage-regulator tube D5 and the capacitor C4 are connected in parallel. The output end of the voltage stabilizing chip U2 is connected with a capacitor C6. The input voltage is stabilized by a resistor R6 and a voltage stabilizing tube D5 and is input to a voltage stabilizing chip U2, and the output end of the voltage stabilizing chip U2 outputs a reference voltage of + 5V. For voltage matching, the output end of the voltage stabilizing chip U2 is connected with the input end of the second voltage dividing branch, the output end of the second voltage dividing branch is grounded, and the second voltage dividing branch is formed by connecting a resistor R3 and a resistor R4 in series. And the connection point of the voltage division end of the second voltage division branch, the resistor R3 and the resistor R4 is connected with the 1 IN-pin of the comparator U1. Also, the 1 IN-pin of comparator U1 is connected to ground through capacitor C12.
The output end of the comparator U1, namely the 1OUT pin, is connected with the control end of the thyristor Q3, the input end of the thyristor Q3 is connected with FUSE + for connecting input voltage, and the output end of the thyristor Q3 is grounded.
In addition, the output end of the voltage stabilizing chip U2 provides the working voltage for the comparator U1.
IN the above, the reason why the output terminal of the control coil of the relay K1 is connected to the 1IN + pin of the comparator U1 through the voltage dividing branch formed by the resistor R5 and the potentiometer RP2 is to match the reference voltage, and as another embodiment, if the voltage at the output terminal of the control coil of the relay K1 can satisfy the comparison with the reference voltage, the resistor R5 and the potentiometer RP2 may not be provided. The reference voltage is not limited to +5V, flexible setting can be carried out according to the voltage requirement, and moreover, the output end of the voltage stabilizing chip U2 can be directly connected with the 1 IN-pin of the comparator U1 without passing through a second voltage dividing branch.
It should be noted that the electrical parameters of each component in the overvoltage protection device provided in this embodiment are determined by the actual requirements of the circuit.
Under the normal condition of input voltage, namely when FUSE + voltage is normal, the voltage ratio of the voltage division end of the first voltage division branch is lower, the triode Q1 is disconnected, the triode Q2 is connected, the output end of the control coil of the relay K1 is grounded, current flows through the control coil of the relay K1, the contact switch of the relay K1 is connected, a power supply circuit in a vehicle is connected, and the power supply circuit supplies power for electric equipment normally.
When the input voltage is higher than a certain value, IN this embodiment, when the input voltage is higher than 30V, the voltage ratio of the voltage division end of the first voltage division branch is higher, the triode Q1 is turned on, the base of the triode Q2 is at a low level, the triode Q2 is disconnected, the output end of the control coil of the relay K1 is only connected with the 1IN + pin of the comparator U1, no current exists on the control coil of the relay K1, the contact switch of the relay K1 is disconnected, the power supply line IN the vehicle is disconnected, the power supply for the electric equipment is stopped, and overvoltage damage of the electric equipment is avoided.
When the input voltage is higher than 34V, the voltage input by the pin 1IN + of the comparator U1 is higher than the voltage input by the pin 1 IN-of the comparator U1 through voltage division, the input voltage is very high, the pin 1OUT of the comparator U1 outputs a high-level signal to the thyristor Q3, the high-level signal is a conduction control signal, the thyristor Q3 is controlled to be conducted, the input voltage is directly grounded, namely the input voltage FUSE + is short-circuited with the ground through the FUSE and the thyristor Q3, and the FUSE is fused because the short-circuit current is very high and is larger than the working current of the FUSE, a power supply line IN a vehicle is disconnected, power is not supplied to electric equipment any more, and overvoltage damage of the electric equipment is avoided.
Therefore, the overvoltage protection device can provide two-stage protection, the first-stage protection controls the contact switch of the relay K1 to be disconnected and stops supplying power to the electric equipment, and the second-stage protection controls the thyristor Q3 to be conducted by comparing the reference voltage with the input voltage after voltage division through the comparator U1, so that the fuse is blown. Therefore, the overvoltage protection device can control the contact switch of the relay K1 to be switched off when the input voltage is higher, stop supplying power to the electric equipment and switch off the later-stage power supply; and when the input voltage is higher than a certain value, the input voltage is controlled to be directly grounded, so that the fuse is fused, the power supply line is forced to be disconnected, the overvoltage damage of the electric equipment is avoided, the overvoltage protection reliability is greatly improved, and the overvoltage protection device can be protected from being influenced by overvoltage when the fuse is fused, so that the overvoltage damage is avoided.
The embodiment of the vehicle is as follows:
the present embodiment provides a vehicle comprising an overvoltage protection device and other components, such as: a vehicle body or a power system, etc. Since the overvoltage protection is described in detail in the above, it is not described in detail.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above-mentioned embodiments are only used for illustrating but not limiting the technical solution of the present invention, and any equivalent replacement and modification or partial replacement which do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An overvoltage protection device, comprising:
a first voltage division branch;
a first electronic switching device;
a second electronic switching device;
a third electronic switching device;
a relay; and
a comparator;
the input end of the first voltage division branch is used for accessing input voltage, the output end of the first voltage division branch is grounded, the voltage division end of the first voltage division branch is connected with the control end of the first electronic switching device, the input end of the first voltage division branch is connected with the input end of the first electronic switching device through a first resistor module, and the output end of the first electronic switching device is grounded;
the input end of the first voltage division branch is connected with the input end of a control coil of the relay, the output end of the control coil of the relay is connected with the input end of the second electronic switching device, the control end of the second electronic switching device is connected with the input end of the first electronic switching device, and the output end of the second electronic switching device is grounded;
the contact switch of the relay is used for being arranged on a power supply line of a vehicle in series;
the output end of the control coil of the relay is connected with the first input end of the comparator, the second input end of the comparator is used for inputting reference voltage, the output end of the comparator is connected with the control end of the third electronic switching device, the input end of the third electronic switching device is used for being connected with the input voltage, and the output end of the third electronic switching device is grounded.
2. The overvoltage protection device according to claim 1, wherein the first voltage-dividing branch comprises a second resistor module, a first voltage-regulator tube, a first diode and a third resistor module which are sequentially connected in series, and a voltage-dividing end of the first voltage-dividing branch is a connection point of the first diode and the second resistor module.
3. The overvoltage protection device according to claim 1, further comprising a reference voltage output circuit, wherein the reference voltage output circuit comprises a fourth resistor module, a second voltage regulator tube, a voltage regulator chip, a first filter capacitor and a second filter capacitor, one end of the fourth resistor module is used for inputting an input voltage, the other end of the fourth resistor module is connected with one end of the second voltage regulator tube and an input end of the voltage regulator chip, the other end of the second voltage regulator tube is grounded, the second voltage regulator tube is connected in parallel with the first filter capacitor, an output end of the voltage regulator chip is connected with the second filter capacitor, and an output end of the voltage regulator chip outputs the reference voltage.
4. The overvoltage protection device according to claim 3, further comprising a second voltage-dividing branch, wherein the output terminal of the regulator chip is connected to the input terminal of the second voltage-dividing branch, the output terminal of the second voltage-dividing branch is grounded, and the voltage-dividing terminal of the second voltage-dividing branch is connected to the second input terminal of the comparator.
5. The overvoltage protection device of claim 1, wherein a third filter capacitor is connected to the control terminal of the first electronic switching device; the control end of the second electronic switch device is grounded through a fifth resistor module, and the fifth resistor module is provided with a fourth filter capacitor in parallel.
6. The overvoltage protection device according to claim 1, wherein a second diode and a sixth resistor module are arranged in series on a connection line between the output terminal of the control coil of the relay and the first input terminal of the comparator, and the first input terminal of the comparator is grounded through a seventh resistor module.
7. The overvoltage protection device of claim 6, wherein the seventh resistor module is provided with a fifth filter capacitor in parallel.
8. The overvoltage protection device of claim 1, wherein the control coil of the relay is connected in reverse parallel with a third diode.
9. The overvoltage protection device of claim 1, wherein the first and second electronic switching devices are NPN transistors and the third electronic switching device is a thyristor.
10. A vehicle, characterized in that it comprises an overvoltage protection device according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201922430203.5U CN210927073U (en) | 2019-12-30 | 2019-12-30 | Overvoltage protection device and vehicle |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201922430203.5U CN210927073U (en) | 2019-12-30 | 2019-12-30 | Overvoltage protection device and vehicle |
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| CN210927073U true CN210927073U (en) | 2020-07-03 |
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| CN201922430203.5U Active CN210927073U (en) | 2019-12-30 | 2019-12-30 | Overvoltage protection device and vehicle |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112213637A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-01-12 | 兰州现代职业学院 | Intelligent network automobile fault detection device |
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2019
- 2019-12-30 CN CN201922430203.5U patent/CN210927073U/en active Active
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112213637A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-01-12 | 兰州现代职业学院 | Intelligent network automobile fault detection device |
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