CN210917542U - Energy recovery system of electric excavator - Google Patents
Energy recovery system of electric excavator Download PDFInfo
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- CN210917542U CN210917542U CN201921090432.0U CN201921090432U CN210917542U CN 210917542 U CN210917542 U CN 210917542U CN 201921090432 U CN201921090432 U CN 201921090432U CN 210917542 U CN210917542 U CN 210917542U
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Abstract
An energy recovery system of an electric excavator is characterized in that a storage battery is connected with a motor, the motor is coaxially connected with a hydraulic pump, and the hydraulic pump is connected with a port P of a main reversing valve through a first one-way valve; a T port and an A port of the main reversing valve are respectively connected with an oil tank and a rod cavity of the movable arm hydraulic cylinder, a B port of the main reversing valve is respectively connected with an A port of the switching valve, an oil inlet of the second one-way valve and an oil outlet of the third one-way valve, an oil inlet of the third one-way valve is connected with the A port of the hydraulic motor, and a P port of the hydraulic motor, an oil outlet of the second one-way valve and a P port of the switching valve are respectively connected with a rodless cavity of the movable arm hydraulic cylinder; the control port of the switching valve is connected with the port A of the main reversing valve through a throttle; an output shaft of the hydraulic motor is connected with the generator sequentially through the one-way clutch, the first clutch, the flywheel and the second clutch; the generator is connected with the storage battery pack. The system can convert the potential energy of the movable arm into the mechanical energy of the flywheel, and can store and recycle the energy.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of hydraulic transmission, specifically an electric excavator energy recuperation system.
Background
The hydraulic excavator is widely applied to various construction fields, has the defects of high oil consumption, low efficiency and the like, and is urgent in energy-saving research.
Traditional excavator provides power by the engine, consumes a large amount of fuel, not only causes huge injury to the environment, makes construction cost greatly increased moreover, and the engine also is one of the fault source of excavator simultaneously, influences the construction progress. Based on the above defects of the conventional excavator and the increasing attention of people to the environment and resources, the electric excavator has come into play. The electric excavator uses the electric motor to replace a traditional engine as a power source, obtains electric energy from the battery and converts the electric energy into mechanical energy, reduces the construction cost and simultaneously reduces the waste discharge, thereby being environment-friendly. And the failure rate of the electric excavator is greatly reduced, so that the electric excavator is superior to the traditional excavator in the aspects of construction efficiency and construction completion progress.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a boom system of a current general excavator. The end of the boom 100 is hinged to the turntable 200, the cylinder of the boom cylinder 4 is hinged to the turntable 200, and the piston rod end of the boom cylinder 4 is hinged to the middle of the boom 100. When the piston rod of the boom cylinder 4 makes a telescopic motion, the boom 100 is driven to perform lifting and lowering actions. During the working process of the excavator, the movable arm frequently moves up and down, and a large amount of potential energy can be released during the descending process due to the fact that the working device and the load are large in mass. Fig. 2 is a simplified schematic diagram of a prior art excavator boom hydraulic system. As can be seen from fig. 2, most of the energy is consumed at the valve port of the main directional control valve 3 and converted into heat energy, which not only causes energy waste and heat generation of the system, but also reduces the service life of the hydraulic components. Therefore, the research on the potential energy recycling and reusing of the movable arm has important significance for prolonging the service life of equipment and improving the energy utilization rate.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the utility model provides an energy recovery system of an electric excavator, which can convert the potential energy of a movable arm into the mechanical energy of flywheel rotation and can store the mechanical energy in the process of lowering the movable arm, thereby avoiding the phenomena of energy waste and temperature rise of hydraulic components caused by the conversion of the potential energy into oil heat energy; in addition, when the movable arm needs to be lifted, the stored energy can provide energy for the power source so as to be used for lifting the movable arm, the power requirements on the motor and the storage battery pack can be reduced, and the system has a remarkable energy-saving effect.
In order to achieve the above object, the utility model provides an energy recovery system of an electric excavator, including storage battery, motor, hydraulic pump, main directional control valve, swing arm hydraulic cylinder, oil tank, the control handle and the controller that are used for controlling the swing arm, storage battery is connected with converting circuit, and converting circuit is connected with the motor, and motor and hydraulic pump coaxial coupling, the S mouth and the oil tank of hydraulic pump are connected, and the oil-out P of hydraulic pump is connected with the P mouth of main directional control valve through first check valve; a T port and an A port of the main reversing valve are respectively connected with an oil tank and a rod cavity of the movable arm hydraulic cylinder, a B port of the main reversing valve is respectively connected with an A port of the switching valve, an oil inlet of the second one-way valve and an oil outlet of the third one-way valve, an oil inlet of the third one-way valve is connected with the A port of the hydraulic motor, and a P port of the hydraulic motor, an oil outlet of the second one-way valve and a P port of the switching valve are respectively connected with a rodless cavity of the movable arm hydraulic cylinder; the control port of the switching valve is connected with the port A of the main reversing valve through a throttle; an output shaft of the hydraulic motor is connected with a rotating shaft at one end of the flywheel through a first clutch, and a rotating shaft at the other end of the flywheel is coaxially connected with the generator through a second clutch; the generator is connected with the conversion circuit;
the input end of the controller is connected with the output end of the control handle, and the output end of the controller is respectively connected with the main reversing valve, the first clutch, the second clutch, the hydraulic pump, the hydraulic motor and the generator.
Further, in order to change the transmission ratio, a transmission is connected between the second clutch and the generator in series.
Further, in order to effectively protect the system to work within the set pressure, the P port of the main reversing valve is also connected with the oil tank through an overflow valve.
And the oil inlet and the oil outlet of the fourth one-way valve are respectively connected with the oil tank and the port A of the hydraulic motor.
The invention also provides an energy recovery system of the electric excavator, which comprises a storage battery pack, a motor, a hydraulic pump, a main reversing valve, a movable arm hydraulic cylinder, an oil tank, an operating handle for operating the movable arm and a controller, wherein the storage battery pack is connected with a conversion circuit, the conversion circuit is connected with the motor, the motor is coaxially connected with the hydraulic pump, an S port of the hydraulic pump is connected with the oil tank, and an oil outlet P of the hydraulic pump is connected with a P port of the main reversing valve through a first one-way valve; the port A and the port B of the main reversing valve are respectively connected with a rod cavity and a rodless cavity of the movable arm hydraulic cylinder, the port T of the main reversing valve is connected with the port A of the switching valve, the port P of the switching valve is connected with the port P of the hydraulic motor, and the port T of the switching valve and the port A of the hydraulic motor are both connected with an oil tank; the control port of the switching valve is connected with the port A of the main reversing valve through a throttle;
an output shaft of the hydraulic motor is connected with a rotating shaft at one end of the flywheel through a first clutch, and a rotating shaft at the other end of the flywheel is coaxially connected with the generator through a second clutch; the generator is connected with the conversion circuit;
the input end of the controller is connected with the output end of the control handle, and the output end of the controller is respectively connected with the main reversing valve, the first clutch, the second clutch, the hydraulic pump, the hydraulic motor and the generator.
Further, in order to change the transmission ratio, a transmission is connected between the second clutch and the generator in series.
Further, in order to effectively protect the system to work within the set pressure, the P port of the main reversing valve is also connected with the oil tank through an overflow valve.
Furthermore, a one-way clutch is connected between the output shaft of the hydraulic motor and the first clutch in series.
The invention also provides an energy recovery system of the electric excavator, which comprises a storage battery pack, a motor, a hydraulic pump, a main reversing valve, a movable arm hydraulic cylinder, an oil tank, an operating handle for operating the movable arm, a fourth one-way valve and a controller, wherein the storage battery pack is arranged on the storage battery pack; the storage battery pack is connected with the conversion circuit, the conversion circuit is connected with the motor, the motor is coaxially connected with the hydraulic pump, an S port of the hydraulic pump is connected with the oil tank, and an oil outlet P of the hydraulic pump is connected with a P port of the main reversing valve through the first one-way valve; the T port and the A port of the main reversing valve are respectively connected with the oil tank and the rod cavity of the movable arm hydraulic cylinder, the B port of the main reversing valve is respectively connected with the A port of the switching valve and the A port of the hydraulic motor, and the P port of the hydraulic motor and the P port of the switching valve are both connected with the rod-free cavity of the movable arm hydraulic cylinder; the port B of the main reversing valve is also connected with a rodless cavity of the movable arm hydraulic cylinder through a second one-way valve; the control port of the switching valve is connected with the port A of the main reversing valve through a throttle;
an oil inlet and an oil outlet of the fourth one-way valve are respectively connected with the oil tank and the port A of the hydraulic motor;
an output shaft of the hydraulic motor is connected with a rotating shaft at one end of the flywheel through a first clutch, and a rotating shaft at the other end of the flywheel is coaxially connected with the generator through a second clutch; the generator is connected with the conversion circuit;
the input end of the controller is connected with the output end of the control handle, and the output end of the controller is respectively connected with the main reversing valve, the first clutch, the second clutch, the hydraulic pump, the hydraulic motor and the generator.
The utility model discloses a flywheel is to retrieve the energy of swing arm to turn into the electric energy through the generator and utilize, or store in storage battery. The electric motor of the electric excavator takes the electric energy supplied by the storage battery pack as power, and the capacity of the storage battery pack for adapting to the severe change of load power is poor, so that the efficiency of the battery is reduced in the severe change process of the load power, the storage battery pack is easy to damage, and the service life of the storage battery pack is further influenced. The utility model discloses at the in-process that the swing arm descends, carry out the conversion of energy and save in the flywheel through hydraulic motor, avoided the swing arm to descend the waste of in-process energy. The flywheel is used for recycling energy, the load can be balanced in the energy recycling process, meanwhile, the energy on the flywheel can be taken out through the generator in a controllable mode, the storage battery pack is charged slowly, the reliable storage of the recycled energy can be guaranteed, the current can be stably input into the storage battery pack in the charging process, the high charging efficiency can be guaranteed, and meanwhile the damage to the service life of the storage battery pack caused by the charging power with severe fluctuation can be avoided. In addition, in the traditional mechanism for recovering the excavating energy by utilizing the flywheel, when the excavator stops working for a long time in the last working cycle or in the middle of the working, the energy of the flywheel is completely wasted and cannot be fully utilized because the equipment does not need to continue working behind, and the energy in the flywheel can be stored in the storage battery pack in time by adopting the system, so that the energy waste of the flywheel can be avoided. Meanwhile, the stored energy can be fed back to the hydraulic system, and the flywheel stores the recovered energy into the storage battery pack, so that the storage battery pack can provide a power source for the motor when the movable arm needs to be lifted. The energy charging or energy conversion process is controlled by controlling the clutch to be closed or opened through the controller, and the energy conversion or recycling process can be controlled more conveniently and efficiently. The arrangement of the switching valve can automatically judge whether energy can be recovered or not in the process of lowering the movable arm, after the pressure of a rod cavity of the movable arm hydraulic cylinder rises, the internal oil circuit can be automatically switched and conducted, so that oil in a rodless cavity of the movable arm hydraulic cylinder can directly flow back to an oil tank without passing through a hydraulic motor, and when the pressure of the rod cavity of the movable arm hydraulic cylinder is lower, the internal oil circuit of the switching valve is always in a disconnected state, so that the oil in the rodless cavity of the movable arm hydraulic cylinder passes through the hydraulic motor, and the energy can be recovered in the process of falling the movable arm. The arrangement of the second clutch and the generator can facilitate the energy recovered by the flywheel to be converted into electric energy.
Adopt the utility model discloses a technique is favorable to chooseing for use littleer storage battery, to lightening equipment weight, reduce cost, and even alleviate the environmental protection pressure after storage battery scraps and all useful department.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art excavator;
FIG. 2 is a simplified schematic diagram of a prior art excavator boom hydraulic system;
FIG. 3 is a hydraulic schematic of a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a hydraulic schematic of a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a hydraulic schematic diagram of a third embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the hydraulic control system comprises a hydraulic pump, 2, a first one-way valve, 3, a main reversing valve, 4, a boom hydraulic cylinder, 5, an oil tank, 6, an electric motor, 7, a hydraulic motor, 8, a flywheel, 9, a first clutch, 10, a one-way clutch, 11, a second clutch, 12, a generator, 13, a switching valve, 14, a second one-way valve, 15, a throttle, 16, a storage battery pack, 17, a third one-way valve, 18, a fourth one-way valve, 19, a switching circuit, 100, a boom, 200 and a rotary table.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1:
an energy recovery system of an electric excavator comprises a storage battery pack 16, a motor 6, a hydraulic pump 1, a main reversing valve 3, a movable arm hydraulic cylinder 4, an oil tank 5, an operating handle and a controller, wherein the operating handle is used for operating a movable arm, the storage battery pack 16 is connected with a conversion circuit 19, the conversion circuit 19 is connected with the motor 6, the motor 6 is coaxially connected with the hydraulic pump 1, an S port of the hydraulic pump 1 is connected with the oil tank 5, and an oil outlet P of the hydraulic pump 1 is connected with a P port of the main reversing valve 3 through a first one-way valve 2; a T port and an A port of the main reversing valve 3 are respectively connected with a rod cavity of the oil tank 5 and a movable arm hydraulic cylinder 4, a B port of the main reversing valve 3 is respectively connected with an A port of the switching valve 13, an oil inlet of the second one-way valve 14 and an oil outlet of the third one-way valve 17, an oil inlet of the third one-way valve 17 is connected with the A port of the hydraulic motor 7, and a P port of the hydraulic motor 7, an oil outlet of the second one-way valve 14 and a P port of the switching valve 13 are respectively connected with a rodless cavity of the movable arm hydraulic cylinder 4; the control port of the switching valve 13 is connected with the port A of the main reversing valve 3 through a throttle body 15; an output shaft of the hydraulic motor 7 is connected with a rotating shaft at one end of the flywheel 8 through a first clutch 9, and a rotating shaft at the other end of the flywheel 8 is coaxially connected with a generator 12 through a second clutch 11; the generator 12 is connected with the conversion circuit 19;
the input end of the controller is connected with the output end of the control handle, and the output end of the controller is respectively connected with the main reversing valve 3, the first clutch 9, the second clutch 11, the hydraulic pump 1, the hydraulic motor 7 and the generator 12.
In order to facilitate the change of the transmission ratio, a transmission is connected in series between the second clutch 11 and the generator 12.
In order to effectively protect the system from working within the set pressure, the port P of the main directional control valve 3 is also connected to the tank 5 through a relief valve.
Further, the hydraulic control system also comprises a fourth one-way valve 18, wherein an oil inlet and an oil outlet of the fourth one-way valve 18 are respectively connected with the oil tank 5 and the port A of the hydraulic motor 7.
Example 2:
an energy recovery system of an electric excavator comprises a storage battery pack 16, a motor 6, a hydraulic pump 1, a main reversing valve 3, a movable arm hydraulic cylinder 4, an oil tank 5, an operating handle and a controller, wherein the operating handle is used for operating a movable arm, the storage battery pack 16 is connected with a conversion circuit 19, the conversion circuit 19 is connected with the motor 6, the motor 6 is coaxially connected with the hydraulic pump 1, an S port of the hydraulic pump 1 is connected with the oil tank 5, and an oil outlet P of the hydraulic pump 1 is connected with a P port of the main reversing valve 3 through a first one-way valve 2; the port A and the port B of the main reversing valve 3 are respectively connected with a rod cavity and a rodless cavity of the movable arm hydraulic cylinder 4, the port T of the main reversing valve 3 is connected with the port A of the switching valve 13, the port P of the switching valve 13 is connected with the port P of the hydraulic motor 7, and the port T of the switching valve 13 and the port A of the hydraulic motor 7 are both connected with the oil tank 5; the control port of the switching valve 13 is connected with the port A of the main reversing valve 3 through a throttle body 15;
an output shaft of the hydraulic motor 7 is connected with a rotating shaft at one end of the flywheel 8 through a first clutch 9, and a rotating shaft at the other end of the flywheel 8 is coaxially connected with a generator 12 through a second clutch 11; the generator 12 is connected with the conversion circuit 19;
the input end of the controller is connected with the output end of the control handle, and the output end of the controller is respectively connected with the main reversing valve 3, the first clutch 9, the second clutch 11, the hydraulic pump 1, the hydraulic motor 7 and the generator 12.
In order to facilitate the change of the transmission ratio, a transmission is connected in series between the second clutch 11 and the generator 12.
In order to effectively protect the system from working within the set pressure, the port P of the main directional control valve 3 is also connected to the tank 5 through a relief valve.
Preferably, a one-way clutch 10 is connected in series between the output shaft of the hydraulic motor 7 and the first clutch 9.
Example 3:
an energy recovery system of an electric excavator comprises a storage battery pack 16, a motor 6, a hydraulic pump 1, a main reversing valve 3, a movable arm hydraulic cylinder 4, an oil tank 5, a control handle for controlling the movable arm, a fourth one-way valve 18 and a controller; the storage battery pack 16 is connected with the conversion circuit 19, the conversion circuit 19 is connected with the motor 6, the motor 6 is coaxially connected with the hydraulic pump 1, an S port of the hydraulic pump 1 is connected with the oil tank 5, and an oil outlet P of the hydraulic pump 1 is connected with a P port of the main reversing valve 3 through the first one-way valve 2; a port T and a port A of the main reversing valve 3 are respectively connected with a rod cavity of the oil tank 5 and a rod cavity of the movable arm hydraulic cylinder 4, a port B of the main reversing valve 3 is respectively connected with a port A of the switching valve 13 and a port A of the hydraulic motor 7, and a port P of the hydraulic motor 7 and a port P of the switching valve 13 are both connected with a rodless cavity of the movable arm hydraulic cylinder 4; the port B of the main reversing valve 3 is also connected with a rodless cavity of the movable arm hydraulic cylinder 4 through a second one-way valve 14; the control port of the switching valve 13 is connected with the port A of the main reversing valve 3 through a throttle body 15;
an oil inlet and an oil outlet of the fourth one-way valve 18 are respectively connected with the oil tank 5 and the port A of the hydraulic motor 7;
an output shaft of the hydraulic motor 7 is connected with a rotating shaft at one end of the flywheel 8 through a first clutch 9, and a rotating shaft at the other end of the flywheel 8 is coaxially connected with a generator 12 through a second clutch 11; the generator 12 is connected with the conversion circuit 19;
the input end of the controller is connected with the output end of the control handle, and the output end of the controller is respectively connected with the main reversing valve 3, the first clutch 9, the second clutch 11, the hydraulic pump 1, the hydraulic motor 7 and the generator 12.
The working principle is as follows:
first, embodiment 1:
the operation of embodiment 1 will be further described with reference to fig. 3.
1.1 boom lowering process (boom potential energy recovery):
after the controller (not shown) receives a boom lowering command from the operating handle, the electromagnet Y1b of the main directional control valve 3 is powered on, and the first clutch 9 is powered on and closed. Referring to fig. 3, the oil discharged from the hydraulic pump 1 passes through the first check valve 2, the port P to the port a of the main directional control valve 3, and enters the rod chamber of the boom cylinder 4. Since a load such as a boom acts on the boom cylinder 4, the pressure of the rod chamber of the boom cylinder 4 is small. High-pressure oil in a rodless cavity of the movable arm hydraulic cylinder 4 flows into a port P of the hydraulic motor 7, and low-pressure oil flows out of the port A and then flows back to an oil tank from a port B to a port T of the main reversing valve 3. The hydraulic motor 7 outputs mechanical energy to drive the flywheel 8 to rotate in an accelerating way through the first clutch 9. Thus, the boom potential energy is converted into mechanical energy of the flywheel 8. The lowering speed of the load of the boom cylinder 4 can be adjusted by reasonably controlling the displacement of the hydraulic motor 7. Most of the pressure energy of the high-pressure oil discharged from the boom cylinder 4 is converted into mechanical energy of the flywheel 8 by the hydraulic motor 7, and the energy consumed at the valve port of the main directional control valve 3 is small.
When the boom cannot be further lowered by gravity for some reason, such as the bucket touching the ground, the boom must be moved down by the boom cylinder 4. At this time, the hydraulic pump 1 supplies high-pressure oil to the rod chamber of the boom cylinder 4, and the oil in the rodless chamber no longer has a high pressure. This means that the boom has no potential energy to recover at this time. When the pressure of the oil entering the rod chamber of the boom cylinder 4 increases, the switching valve 13 is reversed through the control port of the switching valve 13, and the switching valve 13 operates in the left position. Thus, the hydraulic fluid in the rodless chamber of the boom cylinder 4 no longer flows to the hydraulic motor 7, but flows back to the tank 5 through the port P to the port a of the switching valve 13, and the port B to the port T of the main change valve 3. At this time, the hydraulic motor 7 no longer recovers the boom potential energy.
The throttle 15 is arranged on an oil path where a control port of the switching valve 13 is located, so that misoperation of the switching valve 13 caused by oil inlet pressure fluctuation of a rod cavity of the movable arm hydraulic cylinder 4 can be avoided.
1.2 energy storage Process
A rotation speed sensor can be arranged on the flywheel 8, and when the rotation speed sensor acquires that the rotation speed of the flywheel 8 reaches a certain degree, a signal is fed back to the controller, so that the controller can control the energy conversion in the flywheel 8 to be electric energy in time. Of course, it is also possible to determine what is needed to convert the energy in the flywheel 8 into electric energy by manual experience without providing a rotation speed sensor. In addition, a pressure sensor may be provided in the boom cylinder 4, and when the pressure sensor detects that the boom 100 does not operate for a long time, a signal may be fed back to the controller, so that the controller may control the energy conversion power in the flywheel 8 in time, thereby preventing excessive energy consumption due to friction in the case of a long-time standby. When the energy in the flywheel 8 needs to be converted into electric energy, the controller controls the second clutch 11 to be closed, controls the first clutch 9 to be disconnected, the flywheel 8 drives the generator 12 to work through the second clutch 11, and the electric energy generated by the generator 12 is slowly charged into the storage battery through the charging circuit.
1.3 energy reuse Process (boom Lift)
The energy in the battery pack 16 powers the motor 6 via the converter circuit 19.
When the power required by the load is small, the controller energizes solenoid Y1a of main directional control valve 3. The motor 6 drives the hydraulic pump 1 to suck oil from the oil tank 5, and high-pressure oil discharged from the port P flows through the first one-way valve 2, the port P to the port B of the main reversing valve 3 and the port A to the port B of the second one-way valve 14 and enters a rodless cavity of the movable arm hydraulic cylinder 4; oil in a rod cavity of the boom hydraulic cylinder 4 flows back to the oil tank 5 from the port A to the port T of the main reversing valve 3. Accordingly, the piston rod of the boom cylinder 4 extends, and the boom 100 is lifted.
Two methods are as follows:
A. the method for outputting the electric energy comprises the following steps: when the power required by the load of the device exceeds the normal output power of the battery pack 16, the flywheel 8 provides part of the power to prevent the battery pack 16 from being overloaded and damaging the service life. At this time, the controller engages the second clutch 11, and the flywheel 8 drives the generator 12 to operate via the second clutch 11, and supplies power to the motor 6 together with the battery pack 16. In this way, the flywheel 8 can help the battery pack 16 to overcome the load, reduce power fluctuations of the battery pack 16, and avoid excessive losses of the battery pack 16.
B. Method of outputting hydraulic energy: in the case where the one-way clutch 10 is not provided, the power fluctuation of the battery pack 16 can be reduced by the controller adjusting the displacement of the hydraulic pump motor 7 to operate in the pump mode while controlling the first clutch 9 to be engaged. The flywheel 8 drives the hydraulic pump motor 7 to work through the first clutch 9. The oil in the tank 5 flows through ports a to B of the fourth check valve 18. The port A of the hydraulic pump motor 7 sucks oil, the port P discharges high-pressure oil, the high-pressure oil is merged with oil at the port B of the second one-way valve 14 and enters a rodless cavity of the movable arm hydraulic cylinder 4, and the movable arm 100 is driven to lift.
Second, example 2:
the operation of embodiment 2 will be further described with reference to fig. 4.
2.1 boom lowering process (boom potential energy recovery):
after receiving the boom lowering command, the controller (not shown) energizes the electromagnet Y1b of the main directional control valve 3, energizes the first clutch 9, and actuates the same. Referring to fig. 4, the oil discharged from the hydraulic pump 1 passes through the first check valve 2, the port P to the port a of the main directional control valve 3, and enters the rod chamber of the boom cylinder 4. Since a load such as a boom acts on the boom cylinder 4, the pressure of the rod chamber of the boom cylinder 4 is small. The high-pressure oil in the rodless chamber of the boom cylinder 4 flows out through the ports B to T of the main directional control valve 3, the ports a to P of the directional control valve 13, flows into the port P of the hydraulic motor 7, and then flows out through the port a thereof to return to the oil tank. The hydraulic motor 7 outputs mechanical energy to drive the flywheel 8 to rotate in an accelerated manner through the one-way clutch 10 and the first clutch 9. Thus, the boom potential energy is converted into mechanical energy of the flywheel 8. The load dropping speed of the boom cylinder 4 can be adjusted by reasonably controlling the displacement of the hydraulic motor 7. Most of the pressure energy of the high-pressure oil discharged from the boom cylinder 4 is converted into mechanical energy of the flywheel 8 by the hydraulic motor 7, and the energy consumed at the valve port of the main directional control valve 3 is small.
When the boom cannot be further lowered by gravity for some reason, such as the bucket touching the ground, the boom must be moved down by the boom cylinder 4. The hydraulic pump 1 is to provide high-pressure oil to the rod chamber of the boom cylinder 4, and the oil in the rodless chamber does not have high pressure any more. This means that the boom has no potential energy to recover at this time. When the pressure of the oil entering the rod chamber of the boom cylinder 4 increases, the switching valve 13 is reversed through the control port of the switching valve 13. Thus, the oil in the T port of the main directional control valve 3 no longer flows to the hydraulic motor 7, but flows back to the tank 5 through the a port to the T port of the switching valve 13. At this time, the hydraulic motor 7 no longer recovers the boom potential energy.
The throttle 15 is arranged on an oil path where a control port of the switching valve 13 is located, so that misoperation of the switching valve 13 caused by oil inlet pressure fluctuation of a rod cavity of the movable arm hydraulic cylinder 4 can be avoided.
1.2 energy storage Process
A rotation speed sensor can be arranged on the flywheel 8, and when the rotation speed sensor acquires that the rotation speed of the flywheel 8 reaches a certain degree, a signal is fed back to the controller, so that the controller can control the energy conversion in the flywheel 8 to be electric energy in time. Of course, it is also possible to determine what is needed to convert the energy in the flywheel 8 into electric energy by manual experience without providing a rotation speed sensor. In addition, a pressure sensor may be disposed in the boom cylinder 4, and when the pressure sensor detects that the boom 100 is not moving for a long time, a signal may be fed back to the controller, so that the controller may control the energy conversion power in the flywheel 8 in time, thereby preventing excessive energy consumption due to friction in the case of a long-time standby. When the energy in the flywheel 8 needs to be converted into electric energy, the controller controls the second clutch 11 to be closed, controls the first clutch 9 to be disconnected, the flywheel 8 drives the generator 12 to work through the second clutch 11, and the electric energy generated by the generator 12 is slowly charged into the storage battery through the charging circuit.
1.3 energy reuse Process
The energy in the battery pack 16 powers the motor 6 via the converter circuit 19.
When the power required by the load is small, the controller energizes solenoid Y1a of main directional control valve 3. The motor 6 drives the hydraulic pump 1 to suck oil from the oil tank 5, and high-pressure oil discharged from the port P flows through the first one-way valve 2, the port P to the port B of the main reversing valve 3 and the port A to the port B of the second one-way valve 14 and enters a rodless cavity of the movable arm hydraulic cylinder 4; oil in a rod cavity of the boom hydraulic cylinder 4 flows back to the oil tank 5 from the port A to the port T of the main reversing valve 3. Accordingly, the piston rod of the boom cylinder 4 extends, and the boom 100 is lifted.
When the power required by the load of the device exceeds the normal output power of the battery pack 16, the flywheel 8 provides part of the power to prevent the battery pack 16 from being overloaded and damaging the service life. At this time, the controller engages the second clutch 11, and the flywheel 8 drives the generator 12 to operate via the second clutch 11, and supplies power to the motor 6 together with the battery pack 16. In this way, the flywheel 8 can help the battery pack 16 to overcome the load, reduce power fluctuations of the battery pack 16, and avoid excessive losses of the battery pack 16.
Third, example 3:
the operation of embodiment 3 will be further described with reference to fig. 5.
3.1 boom lowering process (boom potential energy recovery):
after the controller (not shown) receives a boom lowering command from the operating handle, the electromagnet Y1b of the main directional control valve 3 is powered on, and the first clutch 9 is powered on and closed. Referring to fig. 5, the oil discharged from the hydraulic pump 1 passes through the first check valve 2, the port P to the port a of the main directional control valve 3, and enters the rod chamber of the boom cylinder 4. Since a load such as a boom acts on the boom cylinder 4, the pressure of the rod chamber of the boom cylinder 4 is small. High-pressure oil in a rodless cavity of the movable arm hydraulic cylinder 4 flows into a port P of the hydraulic motor 7, and low-pressure oil flows out of the port A and then flows back to an oil tank from a port B to a port T of the main reversing valve 3. The hydraulic motor 7 outputs mechanical energy to drive the flywheel 8 to rotate in an accelerating way through the first clutch 9. Therefore, the potential energy of the boom 100 is converted into the mechanical energy of the flywheel 8. The lowering speed of the load of the boom cylinder 4 can be adjusted by reasonably controlling the displacement of the hydraulic motor 7. Most of the pressure energy of the high-pressure oil discharged from the boom cylinder 4 is converted into mechanical energy of the flywheel 8 by the hydraulic motor 7, and the energy consumed at the valve port of the main directional control valve 3 is small.
When the boom cannot be further lowered by gravity for some reason, such as the bucket touching the ground, the boom must be moved down by the boom cylinder 4. At this time, the hydraulic pump 1 supplies high-pressure oil to the rod chamber of the boom cylinder 4, and the oil in the rodless chamber no longer has a high pressure. This means that the boom has no potential energy to recover at this time. When the pressure of the oil entering the rod chamber of the boom cylinder 4 increases, the switching valve 13 is reversed through the control port of the switching valve 13, and the switching valve 13 operates in the left position. Thus, the hydraulic fluid in the rodless chamber of the boom cylinder 4 no longer flows to the hydraulic motor 7, but flows back to the tank 5 through the port P to the port a of the switching valve 13, and the port B to the port T of the main change valve 3. At this time, the hydraulic motor 7 no longer recovers the boom potential energy.
The throttle 15 is arranged on an oil path where a control port of the switching valve 13 is located, so that misoperation of the switching valve 13 caused by oil inlet pressure fluctuation of a rod cavity of the movable arm hydraulic cylinder 4 can be avoided.
3.2 energy storage Process
A rotation speed sensor can be arranged on the flywheel 8, and when the rotation speed sensor acquires that the rotation speed of the flywheel 8 reaches a certain degree, a signal is fed back to the controller, so that the controller can control the energy conversion in the flywheel 8 to be electric energy in time. Of course, it is also possible to determine what is needed to convert the energy in the flywheel 8 into electric energy by manual experience without providing a rotation speed sensor. When the energy in the flywheel 8 needs to be converted into electric energy, the controller controls the second clutch 11 to be closed, the flywheel 8 drives the generator 12 to work through the second clutch 11, and the electric energy generated by the generator 12 is slowly charged into the storage battery pack 16 through the conversion circuit 19.
3.3 energy reuse Process (boom Lift)
The energy in the battery pack 16 powers the motor 6 via the converter circuit 19.
When the power required by the load is small, the controller energizes solenoid Y1a of main directional control valve 3. The motor 6 drives the hydraulic pump 1 to suck oil from the oil tank 5, and high-pressure oil discharged from the port P flows through the first one-way valve 2, the port P to the port B of the main reversing valve 3 and the port A to the port B of the second one-way valve 14 and enters a rodless cavity of the movable arm hydraulic cylinder 4; oil in a rod cavity of the boom hydraulic cylinder 4 flows back to the oil tank 5 from the port A to the port T of the main reversing valve 3. Accordingly, the piston rod of the boom cylinder 4 extends, and the boom 100 is lifted.
When the power required by the load exceeds the normal output power of the storage battery pack 16, the flywheel 8 provides a part of energy to assist the lifting action of the movable arm, so that the storage battery pack 16 is prevented from being overloaded and the service life is prevented from being damaged. Specifically, there are two methods:
A. the method for outputting the electric energy comprises the following steps: the controller enables the second clutch 11 to be closed, the flywheel 8 drives the generator 12 to work through the second clutch 11, and the generator and the storage battery pack 16 supply power to the motor 6.
B. The method for directly outputting hydraulic energy comprises the following steps: the controller adjusts the displacement of the hydraulic pump motor 7 to operate in a pump mode and controls the first clutch 9 to be engaged. The flywheel 8 drives the hydraulic pump motor 7 to operate in a pump mode via the first clutch 9. The port A of the hydraulic pump motor 7 sucks oil, and the port P discharges high-pressure oil, and the high-pressure oil enters a rodless cavity of the movable arm hydraulic cylinder 4 to drive the movable arm 100 to lift. In an extreme case, if the flow rate of the hydraulic pump motor 7 exceeds the flow rate provided by the port B of the main directional control valve 3, the oil in the oil tank 5 flows through the port a to the port B of the fourth check valve 18 to be supplemented.
Claims (9)
1. An energy recovery system of an electric excavator comprises a storage battery pack (16), a motor (6), a hydraulic pump (1), a main reversing valve (3), a movable arm hydraulic cylinder (4), an oil tank (5) and a control handle for controlling a movable arm, wherein the storage battery pack (16) is connected with a conversion circuit (19), the conversion circuit (19) is connected with the motor (6), the motor (6) is coaxially connected with the hydraulic pump (1), an S port of the hydraulic pump (1) is connected with the oil tank (5), and an oil outlet P of the hydraulic pump (1) is connected with a P port of the main reversing valve (3) through a first one-way valve (2); a T port and an A port of a main reversing valve (3) are respectively connected with a rod cavity of an oil tank (5) and a movable arm hydraulic cylinder (4), a B port of the main reversing valve (3) is respectively connected with an A port of a switching valve (13), an oil inlet of a second one-way valve (14) and an oil outlet of a third one-way valve (17), an oil inlet of the third one-way valve (17) is connected with an A port of a hydraulic motor (7), and a P port of the hydraulic motor (7), an oil outlet of the second one-way valve (14) and a P port of the switching valve (13) are all connected with a rodless cavity of the movable arm hydraulic cylinder (4); the control port of the switching valve (13) is connected with the port A of the main reversing valve (3) through a throttle (15); it is characterized by also comprising a controller;
an output shaft of the hydraulic motor (7) is connected with a rotating shaft at one end of the flywheel (8) through a first clutch (9), and the rotating shaft at the other end of the flywheel (8) is coaxially connected with the generator (12) through a second clutch (11); the generator (12) is connected with the conversion circuit (19);
the input end of the controller is connected with the output end of the control handle, and the output end of the controller is respectively connected with the main reversing valve (3), the first clutch (9), the second clutch (11), the hydraulic pump (1), the hydraulic motor (7) and the generator (12).
2. The energy recovery system of the electric excavator according to claim 1, wherein a transmission is further connected in series between the second clutch (11) and the generator (12).
3. The energy recovery system of the electric excavator as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the port P of the main directional control valve (3) is further connected with the oil tank (5) through an overflow valve.
4. The energy recovery system of the electric excavator as claimed in claim 3, further comprising a fourth one-way valve (18), wherein an oil inlet and an oil outlet of the fourth one-way valve (18) are respectively connected with the oil tank (5) and the port A of the hydraulic motor (7).
5. An energy recovery system of an electric excavator comprises a storage battery pack (16), a motor (6), a hydraulic pump (1), a main reversing valve (3), a movable arm hydraulic cylinder (4), an oil tank (5) and a control handle for controlling a movable arm, wherein the storage battery pack (16) is connected with a conversion circuit (19), the conversion circuit (19) is connected with the motor (6), the motor (6) is coaxially connected with the hydraulic pump (1), an S port of the hydraulic pump (1) is connected with the oil tank (5), and an oil outlet P of the hydraulic pump (1) is connected with a P port of the main reversing valve (3) through a first one-way valve (2); an A port and a B port of the main reversing valve (3) are respectively connected with a rod cavity and a rodless cavity of the movable arm hydraulic cylinder (4), a T port of the main reversing valve (3) is connected with an A port of the switching valve (13), a P port of the switching valve (13) is connected with a P port of the hydraulic motor (7), and the T port of the switching valve (13) and the A port of the hydraulic motor (7) are both connected with the oil tank (5); the control port of the switching valve (13) is connected with the port A of the main reversing valve (3) through a throttle (15); it is characterized by also comprising a controller;
an output shaft of the hydraulic motor (7) is connected with a rotating shaft at one end of the flywheel (8) through a first clutch (9), and the rotating shaft at the other end of the flywheel (8) is coaxially connected with the generator (12) through a second clutch (11); the generator (12) is connected with the conversion circuit (19);
the input end of the controller is connected with the output end of the control handle, and the output end of the controller is respectively connected with the main reversing valve (3), the first clutch (9), the second clutch (11), the hydraulic pump (1), the hydraulic motor (7) and the generator (12).
6. The energy recovery system of claim 5, wherein a transmission is connected in series between the second clutch (11) and the generator (12).
7. The energy recovery system of the electric excavator as claimed in claim 6, wherein the port P of the main reversing valve (3) is further connected with the oil tank (5) through an overflow valve.
8. The energy recovery system of the electric excavator according to claim 7, wherein a one-way clutch (10) is further connected in series between the output shaft of the hydraulic motor (7) and the first clutch (9).
9. An energy recovery system of an electric excavator comprises a storage battery pack (16), a motor (6), a hydraulic pump (1), a main reversing valve (3), a movable arm hydraulic cylinder (4), an oil tank (5) and a control handle for controlling a movable arm, wherein the storage battery pack (16) is connected with a conversion circuit (19), the conversion circuit (19) is connected with the motor (6), the motor (6) is coaxially connected with the hydraulic pump (1), an S port of the hydraulic pump (1) is connected with the oil tank (5), and an oil outlet P of the hydraulic pump (1) is connected with a P port of the main reversing valve (3) through a first one-way valve (2); a T port and an A port of the main reversing valve (3) are respectively connected with a rod cavity of the oil tank (5) and a rod cavity of the movable arm hydraulic cylinder (4), a B port of the main reversing valve (3) is respectively connected with an A port of the switching valve (13) and an A port of the hydraulic motor (7), and a P port of the hydraulic motor (7) and a P port of the switching valve (13) are both connected with a rodless cavity of the movable arm hydraulic cylinder (4); the port B of the main reversing valve (3) is also connected with a rodless cavity of the movable arm hydraulic cylinder (4) through a second one-way valve (14); the control port of the switching valve (13) is connected with the port A of the main reversing valve (3) through a throttle (15); the device is characterized by also comprising a fourth one-way valve (18) and a controller;
an oil inlet and an oil outlet of the fourth one-way valve (18) are respectively connected with the oil tank (5) and the port A of the hydraulic motor (7);
an output shaft of the hydraulic motor (7) is connected with a rotating shaft at one end of the flywheel (8) through a first clutch (9), and the rotating shaft at the other end of the flywheel (8) is coaxially connected with the generator (12) through a second clutch (11); the generator (12) is connected with the conversion circuit (19);
the input end of the controller is connected with the output end of the control handle, and the output end of the controller is respectively connected with the main reversing valve (3), the first clutch (9), the second clutch (11), the hydraulic pump (1), the hydraulic motor (7) and the generator (12).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201921090432.0U CN210917542U (en) | 2019-07-12 | 2019-07-12 | Energy recovery system of electric excavator |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201921090432.0U CN210917542U (en) | 2019-07-12 | 2019-07-12 | Energy recovery system of electric excavator |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113482992A (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2021-10-08 | 山东理工大学 | Fluid flywheel energy storage system |
| CN113738711A (en) * | 2021-09-02 | 2021-12-03 | 浙江大学 | Electro-hydrostatic-flywheel hybrid energy storage unit |
| CN114622609A (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-06-14 | 徐州工业职业技术学院 | Energy recovery and recycling integrated system |
| CN115596032A (en) * | 2022-11-14 | 2023-01-13 | 中国矿业大学（Cn） | Energy-saving system for movable arm of oil-electricity hybrid power excavator and control method of energy-saving system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113482992A (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2021-10-08 | 山东理工大学 | Fluid flywheel energy storage system |
| CN113482992B (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2022-11-25 | 山东理工大学 | Fluid flywheel energy storage system |
| CN113738711A (en) * | 2021-09-02 | 2021-12-03 | 浙江大学 | Electro-hydrostatic-flywheel hybrid energy storage unit |
| CN113738711B (en) * | 2021-09-02 | 2024-06-04 | 浙江大学 | Hybrid energy storage unit of electrostatic liquid and flywheel |
| CN114622609A (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-06-14 | 徐州工业职业技术学院 | Energy recovery and recycling integrated system |
| GB2618662A (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2023-11-15 | Xuzhou College Ind Technology | Energy recovery and recycling integrated system |
| GB2618662B (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2024-06-19 | Xuzhou College Ind Technology | Energy recovery and recycling integrated system |
| CN115596032A (en) * | 2022-11-14 | 2023-01-13 | 中国矿业大学（Cn） | Energy-saving system for movable arm of oil-electricity hybrid power excavator and control method of energy-saving system |
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Effective date of registration: 20231018 Address after: 221600 south of Zhaoyang Avenue, peibei Economic Development Zone, Yangtun Town, Peixian County, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province Patentee after: Xuzhou Shengtuo precision equipment manufacturing Co.,Ltd. Address before: No. 1 Xiangwang Road, Drum Tower District, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Patentee before: XUZHOU College OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY |