CN210866485U - Implantable antenna for medical telemetry and implantable medical equipment - Google Patents
Implantable antenna for medical telemetry and implantable medical equipment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model discloses an implanted antenna and implanted medical equipment for medical telemetry, this antenna includes: the dielectric substrate is used for providing mounting support, and the dielectric constant is constant; one side of the metal layer is fixed on one side of the dielectric substrate and comprises a radiation patch positioned in the center and a conductor layer positioned at the periphery of the radiation patch; the radiation patch comprises two parallel spiral structures on the plane, wherein the outer end of one spiral structure is connected to the other spiral structure, and a feed end is formed at the position, close to the outer end, of the other spiral structure; the conductor layer comprises two semi-surrounding bodies with openings opposite to each other to form a surrounding potential, and gaps are formed between the end parts of the two semi-surrounding bodies; the feed end extends into one of the gaps; and the covering layer covers one surface of the metal layer, which is deviated from the medium substrate, and is fixedly connected with the metal layer. The dual-band antenna is used for solving the problems of large size and the like in the prior art, realizing double-band higher gain and ensuring the performance of the antenna.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a medical treatment telemetering measurement technical field specifically is an implanted antenna and implanted medical equipment for medical treatment telemetering measurement.
Background
In recent years, with the wide application of wireless communication systems and the rapid development of electronic information industries, medical implantable electronic devices are also widely applied to the fields of disease treatment, physiological detection and the like, and provide great convenience for the life of patients. Therefore, the research of the implantable antenna for medical treatment has been receiving more and more attention in recent years. Biomedical telemetry establishes a transmission channel for physiological signals between the inside and outside of the human body. Implantable medical devices typically operate in the MICS frequency band (402-405 MHz). In order to extend the lifetime of the implanted medical device, an alternative is to operate it in dual bands, turning on a sleep mode when not in use. The multi-band implantable antenna can also be used for carrying out communication and simultaneously realizing other functions such as wireless charging and the like. The implanted antenna has greater use value in dual-band operation.
A coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed monopole antenna has been proposed to be used in MICS (Medical Implantation communications Services, 402-405 MHz) frequency band, but the existing design has single frequency operation and large size, in the literature investigation, a dipole-like implanted antenna working in MICS frequency band is found to be designed, a method for improving gain is found, but the size is large, a dual-frequency PIFA implanted antenna with the size of 17mm × 16mm × 1.27.27 mm is also proposed, a dual-layer patch structure is used, the stacked mode is used for realizing dual-frequency operation, and the burden of space capacity is increased in the narrow space of an implanted electronic system.
Miniaturization directly determines whether the antenna can be implanted in the corresponding part of the human body and the comfort level of the human body after implantation. Currently, the size of dual band implanted antennas with a single layer of metal radiating patch is generally large and needs to be further reduced. While implanted antennas using stacked radiating patches tend to have greater thickness and more complex structures, albeit with smaller planar dimensions. Therefore, there is a need to design some new miniaturized dual-band implanted antennas to meet the performance of the implanted medical device.
Generally speaking, innovations need to be added in the design, and on the premise of meeting the SAR value standard, the size is reduced, higher gain is obtained, and the performance of the antenna is ensured.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model provides an implanted antenna and implanted medical equipment for medical treatment telemetering measurement for overcome the big scheduling problem of size among the prior art, realize the miniaturized design of antenna, and can realize the higher gain of dual-frenquency, guarantee the performance of antenna.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides an implanted antenna for medical telemetry, comprising:
the dielectric substrate is used for providing mounting support, and the dielectric constant is constant;
one surface of the metal layer is fixed on one surface of the dielectric substrate and comprises a radiation patch positioned in the center and a conductor layer positioned at the periphery of the radiation patch; the radiation patch comprises two parallel spiral structures on the plane, wherein the outer end of one spiral structure is connected to the other spiral structure, and a feed end is formed at the position, close to the outer end, of the other spiral structure; the conductor layer comprises two semi-surrounding bodies with openings opposite to each other to form a surrounding potential, and gaps are formed between the end parts of the two semi-surrounding bodies; the feed end extends into one of the gaps;
and the covering layer covers one surface of the metal layer, which is deviated from the medium substrate, and is fixedly connected with the metal layer.
Preferably, the semi-enclosure is U-shaped for grounding; each of the semi-enclosures encloses a portion of both helical structures.
Preferably, the semi-enclosure is made of copper.
Preferably, the metal layer is a planar plate-like structure.
Preferably, the spiral coil of the spiral structure is rectangular and is formed by alternately ending and connecting two longitudinal wires and two transverse wires respectively;
the two spiral structures are arranged side by side in the transverse direction; the bottom of the semi-enclosure body is arranged along the transverse direction, and two sides of the semi-enclosure body are arranged along the longitudinal direction.
Preferably, the helical structure without the feeding end comprises two turns of a rectangular helical coil.
Preferably, the spiral structure provided with the feeding end comprises 1.5-1.8 circles of rectangular spiral coils.
Preferably, the length and width of the whole antenna formed by compounding the dielectric substrate, the metal layer and the covering layer are both 10mm, and the thickness is 1.27 mm; the spiral line width of the spiral structure is 0.5mm, the thread pitch on the plane where the metal layer is located is 0.25mm, and the distance between the spiral line and the semi-enclosure body is 0.5 mm.
Preferably, the dielectric constant of the covering layer is the same as that of the dielectric substrate, and both the dielectric constant and the dielectric constant are 10.2.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention further provides an implantable medical device, including a simulator for simulating skin tissue, an implantable electronic system, and an implantable antenna embedded in the simulator, wherein the implantable antenna is the above implantable antenna for medical telemetry; the implanted electronic system comprises a circuit board, a battery and a sensor which are integrated on the circuit board, and the implanted antenna is also integrated on the circuit board; the battery is used for supplying power to the sensor, the circuit and the implanted antenna which are integrated on the circuit board, and the sensor is used for acquiring the relevant information of the sensed object to be measured, transmitting the information to the circuit for processing and finally transmitting the information through the implanted antenna.
The utility model provides an implanted antenna and implanted medical equipment for medical telemetering measurement, the antenna of this scheme derives from a typical class dipole antenna, can adopt coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed's planar antenna structure, the radiating element of coplanar waveguide mode (convert into the method of winding spiral dipole structure and make the antenna size reduce, and design radiating element structure of dual-frenquency work) and feed unit (feed end) on the coplanar, namely make central conductor area through pasting the radiation paster in establishing the metal level on one face of dielectric substrate, through above-mentioned compact structural arrangement, can realize constructing longer wire in less planar range, in order to improve the resonance characteristic of antenna, simultaneously, above-mentioned semi-enclosure is used for ground connection, enlarge, be favorable to enlarging the area of capacitive coupling region between antenna ground plane and the surrounding area, thereby increasing the electric field intensity of the radiation surface and further increasing the gain of the antenna; and the device is easy to integrate with active devices, and is easy to realize various feeding modes of broadband and direct connection, inductive coupling and capacitive coupling. The antenna further reduces the size of the antenna while realizing the dual-band operation of the antenna, keeps higher far-field gain and ensures the performance of the antenna. Designing an implanted antenna using CPW feed generation has the following advantages: (1) simple process and low cost. Because all the grounding wires of the coplanar waveguide structure are arranged on the upper surface, other devices can be conveniently connected in series or in parallel, contact holes are not needed at all, and the cost is effectively reduced; (2) the CPW structure has natural advantages in integration level because the shielding performance between the adjacent CPW structures is better than that of other structures, and the final chip can have a more compact appearance in manufacture, thereby realizing the aim of miniaturization; (3) a lower grounding inductance than the metal hole; (4) low impedance and velocity dispersion.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic plan view of a metal layer in an implanted antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2a is a perspective view of an implanted antenna according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2b is an exploded perspective view of FIG. 2 a;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of an antenna implantation simulation block in an implantable medical device according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of return loss and voltage standing wave ratio of an antenna simulation experiment;
FIG. 5 is a two-dimensional pattern at 402MHz for an antenna;
FIG. 6 is a two-dimensional pattern of the antenna at 1.43 GHz;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an implantable medical device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
In addition, the technical solutions between the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other, but it is necessary to be able to be realized by a person having ordinary skill in the art as a basis, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, the combination of such technical solutions should be considered to be absent, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1, 2a, and 2b, embodiments of the present invention provide an implantable antenna for medical telemetry, including: a dielectric substrate 1, a metal layer 2, and a cover layer 3; the dielectric substrate 1 is used for providing mounting support, and has constant dielectric constant;
one surface of the metal layer 2 is fixed on one surface of the dielectric substrate 1 and comprises a radiation patch 21 positioned in the center and a conductor layer 22 positioned on the periphery of the radiation patch 21; the radiation patch 21 comprises two parallel structures which are spiral on the plane, wherein the outer end 101 of the first spiral structure 10 is connected to the second spiral structure 20, and a feed end 23 is formed on the second spiral structure 20 near the outer end 201; the conductor layer 22 includes two semi-enclosed bodies 220 with openings facing each other to form a surrounding potential, and a gap 221 is formed between the ends of the two semi-enclosed bodies; the feeding end 23 extends into one of the gaps 221; the covering layer 3 covers one surface of the metal layer 2, which is far away from the dielectric substrate 1, and is fixedly connected with the metal layer 2.
Preferably, the metal layer is a planar plate-like structure. To a planar antenna structure fed with coplanar waveguides (CPW).
The design of the implanted antenna mainly lies in miniaturization and low frequency band. The high dielectric constant dielectric substrate can reduce the resonant frequency, and the total line length of the antenna can also influence the resonant characteristics of the antenna. As shown in formula (1), under the condition of constant dielectric constant, the electrical length is increased, the circuit path is lengthened, and the effective length of the antenna is increased by LantennaThen the resonant frequency will decrease.
Where c is the speed of light (3 × 108m/s), f is the resonant frequency of the antenna, εrIs the dielectric constant.
For an implanted antenna, the electromagnetic environment is a mixed medium, and after the implanted antenna is implanted into biological tissues, the effective dielectric constant is changed to a certain extent, and according to the Lichtenecker formula (2)), the effective dielectric constant is related to the dielectric constant and the volume fraction of each mixed medium. The depth of the implanted biological tissue and the thickness of the antenna medium substrate can influence the effective dielectric constant. By analysis of the respective parameters, using epsiloneffSubstitution of ε in formula (1)rObtaining a dielectric constant εeffIt is more accurate.
ln(εeff)＝v2ln(ε1)+v1ln(ε2) (2)
Wherein v in the formula1、v2Is the relative volume fraction of the two substances, epsilon1、ε2Is the relative dielectric constant of the two substances.
Preferably, the semi-enclosure 220 is U-shaped for grounding; each of the semi-enclosures 220 encloses a portion of two helical structures. The semi-enclosure 220 is made of metal, which is a metal patch structure that acts as a ground plane. Preferably, the semi-enclosure is made of copper. Copper is an excellent conductor with good cost performance. The planar shapes of the first helical structure 10 and the second helical structure 20 are both rectangular, and they are arranged side by side in the width direction, and can form a square after side by side, and the opening of the U-shaped semi-enclosure 220 can enclose half of the two helical structures in the length direction side by side from one end, and the opening of the other U-shaped semi-enclosure 220 can enclose the other half of the two helical structures in the length direction side by side from the other end. On one hand, a compact arrangement structure is formed, and the volume is reduced; on the other hand, the structure designed by the coplanar waveguide antenna grounding surface (namely copper enclosure) has a larger influence on the antenna performance structure, the grounding surface of the coplanar waveguide antenna is generally distributed on the periphery of the radiator and is not subjected to ground extension treatment, and through experimental verification and optimization, the U-shaped grounding surface in the design is adopted to enlarge the U-shaped grounding surface on the outer layer of the antenna, so that the enlargement of the area of a capacitive coupling area between the antenna grounding surface and the surrounding band is facilitated, the electric field intensity of a radiation surface is increased, and the gain of the antenna is further increased. The antenna gain formula is shown in formula (3):
G＝ηD (3)
wherein, in the formula, G represents the gain coefficient, η represents the radiation efficiency of the antenna, D is the directivity coefficient of the antenna, the larger the electric field intensity of the radiation surface, the higher D, the gain coefficient of the antenna describes the multiple of the input power of the practical antenna in the maximum radiation direction compared with the ideal non-directional lossless antenna.
Preferably, the spiral coils of the first spiral structure 10 and the second spiral structure 20 are rectangular and respectively formed by connecting two longitudinal wires and two transverse wires end to end alternately; the two spiral structures are arranged side by side in the transverse direction; the bottom of the semi-enclosure 23 is arranged transversely and the two sides are arranged longitudinally.
Preferably, the first helical structure 10 comprises two turns of a rectangular helical coil.
Preferably, the second helical structure 20 comprises 1.5-1.8 turns of a rectangular helical coil. The design can meet the requirement of large gain.
Preferably, the metal layer 2 has a length and a width of 10mm and a thickness of 1.27 mm; the spiral line width of the spiral structure is 0.5mm, the thread pitch on the plane where the metal layer 2 is located is 0.25mm, and the distance between the spiral line and the semi-enclosure 220 is 0.5 mm.
Preferably, the dielectric constant of the cover layer 3 is the same as that of the dielectric substrate 1, and both are 10.2. Rogers3010 is adopted for both the covering layer and the dielectric substrate, and the dielectric constant is 10.2. The copper enclosure (copper semi-enclosure) acts as a ground plane.
Compared with coaxial feeding: the coaxial feeding method also causes some problems, wherein the narrow-band problem caused by the coaxial feeding always besets a 'road barrage' of designers, and in addition, the design difficulty and complexity are also caused because the millicentimeter deviation of the probe position in the coaxial feeding also causes the performance of the designed antenna to generate very large deviation; and for an antenna designed by using coaxial feed, if the thickness of a dielectric substrate of the antenna is relatively thick, the cross polarization is more obvious.
In view of miniaturization, the antenna design adopts a high dielectric constant medium and a method of folding a meandering dipole structure, so that the size of the antenna is reduced, and the dual-frequency operation is designed. In order to adapt to the problems of processing and manufacturing and biological radiation limitation, the design of the obtained antenna is further optimized and improved on the premise of not influencing the performance of the antenna. The implanted antenna is subjected to simulation verification in a skin tissue model. The detailed results of the return loss, the directional diagram, the far-field gain, the specific absorption rate and the like of the antenna are given.
The CPW feed dual-frequency implanted antenna is designed to work in a communication Service (MICS) frequency band (402-405 MHz) of a Medical implantable device and a Wireless Medical Telemetry Service (WMTS) frequency band (1.427-1.432 MHz), has the size of × 10mm, × 1.27.27 mm and is smaller than the existing antenna.
The design adopts coplanar waveguide feed (CPW), namely a central conductor strip is manufactured on one surface of a dielectric substrate, conductor planes are manufactured on two sides close to the central conductor strip, the antenna structure is shown in figure 1, the implanted antenna is a compact structure with a metal patch, the size of the implanted antenna is 10mm × 10mm × 1.27.27 mm, in order to protect human body to directly contact, a three-dimensional structure diagram of the antenna is designed as shown in figures 2a and 2b, a covering dielectric plate is added above the antenna patch, and like the dielectric layer, Rogers3010 is adopted, and the dielectric constant is 10.2.
The design can estimate the bus length of the antenna through formulas (1) and (2), and a folded meandering dipole structure is adopted to increase a current path, so that the resonant frequency of the antenna is reduced, and meanwhile, impedance matching is realized.
TABLE 1 Electrical Performance parameters of skin tissue at commonly used frequencies
When the implanted electronic device and the external communication device of the human body perform wireless communication, the radiation power of the implanted antenna is too large, which can cause certain influence on the health of the human body. The interaction of human tissue and electromagnetic waves is described internationally by Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), with 1g average specific heat absorption rate (1-g SAR) being defined as the electromagnetic radiation energy absorbed per mass of material per unit time, W/kg in units of time.
When the implanted antenna works, in order to not cause harm to human bodies, the IEEEC95.1-1999 standard stipulates that 1-g SAR cannot exceed 1.6W/kg. By setting the incident power to 1W, the SAR value of 1g is much larger than the standard. Through calculation, when the incident power is reduced to 1.2mW, the SAR values at 402MHz and 1.43GHz are respectively less than 1.6W/kg, and the specified standard is achieved.
The return loss, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), pattern, and gain of the antenna are important indicators for analyzing the performance of the antenna.
In fig. 4, the return loss of the best antenna is obtained by optimizing the parameter scan of the folded meandering path. Return loss (i.e., S11), also known as reflection loss. When the feeder line is matched with the antenna, no reflected wave exists on the feeder line, and only incident wave exists, namely, only wave traveling towards the antenna direction is transmitted on the feeder line. In this case, the voltage and current amplitudes are equal at all points on the feeder line, and the impedance at any point on the feeder line is equal to its characteristic impedance. When the antenna and the feeder are not matched, that is, the impedance of the antenna is not equal to the characteristic impedance of the feeder, the load can only absorb part of the high-frequency energy transmitted on the feeder, but not all of the high-frequency energy, and the part of the energy which is not absorbed is reflected back to form a reflected wave. An antenna return loss of less than-10 dB generally indicates that the antenna can operate normally in the frequency band.
The Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) refers to the ratio of the voltage of the antinode of a standing wave to the voltage of the node, and is also called standing wave coefficient and standing wave ratio. When the standing-wave ratio is equal to 1, the impedance of the feeder line and the antenna is completely matched, and the high-frequency energy is radiated by the antenna completely without energy reflection loss. The antenna is better designed with VSWR less than or equal to 2 dB.
The return loss at the center frequencies of 402MHz and 1.43GHz of FIG. 4 are-28.97 dB and-30.37 dB respectively, and the optimized voltage standing wave ratio is less than 2dB in the dual-frequency working frequency band. The impedance matching between the feeder line and the antenna is good, and the reflection loss of energy is less.
The antenna radiates electromagnetic waves directionally, which means that the antenna is capable of radiating electromagnetic waves to a certain aspect. Conversely, directivity as a receiving antenna represents its ability to receive electromagnetic waves in different directions. The directivity of the antenna is generally represented by curves representing the power of electromagnetic waves radiated (or received) in different directions on a vertical plane and a horizontal plane, and is referred to as an antenna directional diagram.
The gain is the square ratio of the field intensity generated by the actual antenna and the ideal radiating element at the same point in space under the condition of equal input power, namely the power ratio. The gain is generally related to the antenna pattern.
In fig. 5 and 6, the far field gain of the implanted antenna under the radiation efficiency limitation condition can be regarded as the bio-telemetry sensitivity required by reliable communication. For implanted antennas, the antenna gain is typically low, such as between-46 dBi and-24 dBi for MICS frequency gain. The smaller the size of the antenna, the more significant the capacitive effect, and the lower the energy radiation efficiency, the lower the resulting gain. In order to increase the range of the bio-telemetry communication, it is necessary to increase the gain of the implanted antenna as much as possible. Fig. 5 and 6 are simulated patterns of the dual-frequency implanted antenna at resonant frequencies of 402MHz and 1.43GHz respectively, and the distribution of fig. 5 and 6 shows two-dimensional gain patterns of the antenna on an xoy plane, an xoz plane and a yoz plane at two resonant frequencies (402MHz and 1.43 GHz). The maximum gains at 402MHz and 1.43GHz were-31.68 dBi and-17.98 dBi, respectively.
Example two
Referring to fig. 3 and 7, based on the first embodiment, the embodiment of the present invention further provides an implantable medical device, including a simulation body (see the skin model in fig. 3) for simulating skin tissue, an implantable electronic system, and an implantable antenna embedded in the simulation body, where the implantable antenna is the implantable antenna for medical telemetry according to any one of the first embodiments; the implanted electronic system comprises a circuit board, a battery and a sensor which are integrated on the circuit board, and the implanted antenna is also integrated on the circuit board; the battery is used for supplying power to the sensor, the circuit and the implanted antenna which are integrated on the circuit board, and the sensor is used for acquiring the relevant information of the sensed object to be measured, transmitting the information to the circuit for processing and then transmitting the information through the implanted antenna. For technical effects, reference is made to the first embodiment, which is not described herein again. The implanted medical equipment extracts the relevant information parameters of the organism through the micro sensor, and after the information is processed by the circuit, the information is sent out of the body to the computer terminal through the antenna, so that the useful organism medical information is obtained. The implantable medical device can be made into various implantable electronic medical devices implanted into skin tissues, such as scalp implantable devices and the like.
The above only is the preferred embodiment of the present invention, not so limiting the patent scope of the present invention, all under the concept of the present invention, the equivalent structure transformation made by the contents of the specification and the drawings is utilized, or the direct/indirect application is included in other related technical fields in the patent protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An implantable antenna for medical telemetry, comprising:
the dielectric substrate is used for providing mounting support, and the dielectric constant is constant;
one surface of the metal layer is fixed on one surface of the dielectric substrate and comprises a radiation patch positioned in the center and a conductor layer positioned at the periphery of the radiation patch; the radiation patch comprises two parallel spiral structures on the plane, wherein the outer end of one spiral structure is connected to the other spiral structure, and a feed end is formed at the position, close to the outer end, of the other spiral structure; the conductor layer comprises two semi-surrounding bodies with openings opposite to each other to form a surrounding potential, and gaps are formed between the end parts of the two semi-surrounding bodies; the feed end extends into one of the gaps;
and the covering layer covers one surface of the metal layer, which is deviated from the medium substrate, and is fixedly connected with the metal layer.
2. The implantable antenna for medical telemetry as claimed in claim 1, wherein the semi-enclosure is U-shaped for grounding; each of the semi-enclosures encloses a portion of both helical structures.
3. The implantable antenna for medical telemetry of claim 2, wherein the semi-enclosure is made of copper.
4. An implantable antenna for medical telemetry according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the metal layer is a planar plate-like structure.
5. The implantable antenna for medical telemetry as claimed in claim 4, wherein the helical coil of the helical structure is rectangular and is formed by alternately connecting two longitudinal wires and two transverse wires end to end;
the two spiral structures are arranged side by side in the transverse direction; the bottom of the semi-enclosure body is arranged along the transverse direction, and two sides of the semi-enclosure body are arranged along the longitudinal direction.
6. The implantable antenna for medical telemetry as claimed in claim 5, wherein the helical structure without the feed end includes two turns of a rectangular helical coil.
7. The implantable antenna for medical telemetry as claimed in claim 6, wherein the helical structure provided with the feeding end comprises 1.5-1.8 turns of a rectangular helical coil.
8. An implantable antenna for medical telemetry as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the length and width of the integral antenna formed by the dielectric substrate, the metal layer and the covering layer are both 10mm and 1.27 mm; the spiral line width of the spiral structure is 0.5mm, the thread pitch on the plane where the metal layer is located is 0.25mm, and the distance between the spiral line and the semi-enclosure body is 0.5 mm.
9. The implantable antenna for medical telemetry as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cover layer and the dielectric substrate have the same dielectric constant of 10.2.
10. An implantable medical device comprising a phantom for simulating skin tissue, an implantable electronic system, and an implantable antenna embedded in the phantom, the implantable antenna being the implantable antenna for medical telemetry of any one of claims 1-9;
the implanted electronic system comprises a circuit board, a battery and a sensor which are integrated on the circuit board, and the implanted antenna is also integrated on the circuit board;
the battery is used for supplying power to the sensor, the circuit and the implanted antenna which are integrated on the circuit board, and the sensor is used for acquiring the relevant information of the sensed object to be measured, transmitting the information to the circuit for processing and finally transmitting the information through the implanted antenna.
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